CN105463141B - A kind of method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores - Google Patents
A kind of method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to stainless steel smelting fields, and in particular to a kind of method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores；Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore is obtained enrichment ore deposit by this method after reduction roasting, magnetic concentration, enrichment ore deposit is participated in into sintered material together with low poor grade lateritic nickel ore again, nickelic High-iron-content Sinters are obtained by sintering, blast furnace smelting is re-fed into, obtains nickelic molten iron.The present invention rotary kiln baking is reduced after scum ore deposit, be enriched with by magnetic separation step, remove substantial amounts of slag, largely enter clinker by reducing, for blast furnace, the fuel of a large amount of unnecessary wastes can saved, reduce cost；It acts synergistically between each step and parameter of the present invention, the nickelic molten iron for entering the nickelic hot metal composition requirement of stove for meeting AOD furnace smelting stainless steel can be produced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stainless steel smelting fields, and in particular to a kind of to use the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores
Method；This method by low poor grade lateritic nickel ore obtained after reduction roasting, magnetic concentration enrichment ore deposit, then will enrichment ore deposit with
Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore participates in sintered material together, obtains nickelic High-iron-content Sinters by sintering, is re-fed into blast furnace smelting,
Obtain nickelic molten iron.
Background technology
At present, the basic skills for producing high ferronickel both at home and abroad is using RKEF methods (i.e. rotary kiln baking --- electro-smelting
Method) or rotary kiln for directly reducing method.Because raw materials for production are low-grade laterite, the product quantity of slag is big, in RKEF methods
The electric furnace stage, heating slag can cause very big electric energy loss, while low output；In rotary kiln for directly reducing method, because
Consider the reduction effect reached, save energy consumption again, harsh temperature requirement can cause formation rings in a kiln very fast, need greatly
While measuring manpower processing ring formation, this method also has the drawbacks of production operational availability is low, and coal consumption is relatively large.
And enrichment ore deposit will be obtained after rotary kiln reduction roasting, magnetic concentration and participates in sintered material, by sintering machine, obtain
To epigranular and with some strength sinter, metal content >=35% of sinter, then by sinter be sent into blast furnace into
One step reducing and smelting, the production Technology for smelting nickelic molten iron of the nickel point more than 8% are also not seen reported, and belong to domestic outer space
In vain.The main reason for cannot producing nickelic molten iron with blast furnace is：The laterite for producing high ferronickel both at home and abroad at present belongs to low product
Position lateritic nickel ore, amount of metal are relatively low, that is to say, that directly by these ore deposits according to sintering --- and it, will necessarily if blast furnace technology enters stove
The quantity of slag in blast furnace is made to increase, is so easy to cause and slag is boiled in stove, make blast wandering.If using first by low poor grade laterite nickel
Ore deposit rotary kiln baking, again magnetic concentration, be sintered together with low poor grade lateritic nickel ore, enter back into molten blast furnace and obtain high ferronickel
The method of water, then technically there are following difficulty：Temperature control, the control of magnetic separation stage metal recovery rate in rotary kiln baking
System low poor grade lateritic nickel ore and is enriched with slag type and the quantity of slag during the preparation of ore deposit ratio, molten blast furnace in Iron Ore Matching in Sintering process
Control.
A kind of Chinese patent application " method that iron and high-grade nickel ferroalloy are extracted from lateritic nickel ore " (application number：
200810143343.8 application publication number：101418359 A of CN) disclosed in technical solution be：After lateritic nickel ore is crushed, add
Enter carbonaceous reducing agent or compound additive, the reduction roasting at a temperature of 900 DEG C~1300 DEG C after mixing shaping, by lateritic nickel ore
In nickel oxide and iron oxide reduction transform into metallic nickel and metallic iron or magnetic iron oxide, obtained reduced calcine is through wet type
After ball milling, using weak magnetic magnetic concentration iron, reduced iron powder or iron extract mine producation are obtained；It is thick that weakly magnetic tailings obtain ferronickel through magnetic separation again
Concentrate；In order to further improve the grade of nickel in dilval, iron (or iron chemical combination in part is dissolved using acid treatment selectivity
Object), it can finally obtain the dilval that nickel grade is more than 30%.The existing defect of this method is：The roasting sand restored is straight
Connect through wet ball-milling, the doses of ball mill and visible ferronickel reduction amount of particles are larger, ball mill heavy load, power consumption compared with
It is high；Part iron and its compound are dissolved using acid treatment, acid consumption is larger, not economical enough.
Therefore, it is necessary to which one kind, which can be reduced directly, produces thick dilval water, to slag in current research and production
Type and ingredient are controlled, the method that thick dilval crystal refining directly is prepared stainless steel.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores；This method is by low poor product
Position lateritic nickel ore obtains enrichment ore deposit by reduction roasting, magnetic concentration, be enriched with afterwards ore deposit to scale with low poor grade laterite
Nickel minerals is mixed and is sintered, and so as to obtain nickelic High-iron-content Sinters, then nickelic High-iron-content Sinters is added in blast furnace smelting,
Obtain nickelic molten iron.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores comprises the following steps：
Roasting reduction step：
Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore is subjected to roasting reduction processing, obtains scum ore deposit；
Magnetic separation step：
The scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic separation processing, obtains enrichment ore deposit and tailings；
Sintering step：
Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore and the enrichment ore deposit are sintered by regulation proportioning, nickelic high-grade is obtained and burns
Tie ore deposit；
Melting step：
The nickelic High-iron-content Sinters are subjected to melting processing, obtain the nickelic molten iron.
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, in the roasting reduction step, the roasting reduction processing is being returned
It is carried out in rotary kiln.
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, in the roasting reduction processing of the roasting reduction step, roasting temperature
It spends for 1000-1400 DEG C, is preferably 1250-1350 DEG C；Drop temperature is 900-1300 DEG C, is preferably 900-1050 DEG C.
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, in the roasting reduction step, the low poor grade laterite nickel of use
Ratio of weight and number between ore deposit, flux, reduction carbon is 100：(2-6)：(8-15).
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, in the magnetic separation step, the magnetic separation processing includes：Pass through successively
First time dry separation processing, first of break process, second break process, second of dry separation processing, three-crushing processing, the
Four break process, third time dry separation processing obtain three parts enrichment ore deposit and the third time dry separation that the processing of dry separation three times filters out
Scum ore deposit afterwards；Then the scum ore deposit after the third time dry separation is subjected to ball-milling treatment, wet separation processing and mining tailing successively
Processing obtains two parts enrichment ore deposit that wet separation and mining tailing processing filter out；Collect the three parts enrichment ore deposit and described two
Part enrichment ore deposit；
Preferably, in the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, after the second break process, obtained iron
The granularity of slag is below 15mm；After the 4th break process, the granularity of obtained Iron-ore Slag is below 5mm；More
Preferably, in the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, the first time dry separation processing, second of dry separation processing, third time
The magnetic field intensity of dry separation processing is 800~1200GS；In the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, through the ball-milling treatment
In scum ore deposit afterwards, the particle that granularity is less than 200 mesh accounts for more than the 80% of particle total amount.
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, in the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, in the tailings
MgO/SiO2Mass ratio for 0.2-0.6, be preferably 0.3-0.4.
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, in the sintering processes of the sintering step, maximum sintering temperature control
For system at 1200~1350 DEG C, the time of sintering processes is 20min~30min；Preferably, the sintering processes of the sintering step
In, the ratio of weight and number between the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore that uses, enrichment ore deposit, slag adjusting agent, anthracite is 100：(65-
150)：(10-20)：(5-8)；It is highly preferred that the slag adjusting agent is quick lime.
In the preferred embodiment of the above method, the melting processing of the melting step carries out in blast furnace；It is described
In the melting processing of melting step, temperature is 1300-1500 DEG C, when the time is 3-5 small；Preferably, the melting step is molten
In refining processing, the nickelic High-iron-content Sinters and the ratio of weight and number of coke used is 100：(15-25).
The purpose of the present invention is what is realized by following another technical solution：
A kind of nickelic molten iron using low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores uses low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores by above-mentioned
The method of nickelic molten iron or its any preferred embodiment are prepared.
In the preferred embodiment of above-mentioned nickelic molten iron, the nickel point of the nickelic molten iron is more than 8%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
1st, the scum ore deposit after rotary kiln baking is reduced due to the present invention is enriched with by magnetic separation step, removes substantial amounts of slag,
So largely entering clinker by reducing, for blast furnace, the fuel of a large amount of unnecessary wastes can be saved, reduces cost.
2nd, carry out being sintered with ore deposit together with lateritic nickel ore since the present invention will be enriched with ore deposit, be re-fed into blast furnace, solve height
Stove cannot produce the problem of nickelic molten iron, and for other techniques for producing nickelic molten iron both at home and abroad, be significantly increased
The yield of nickelic molten iron.
3rd, since production capacity of the present invention is high, thermal energy is provided by fuel, need not use electric furnace, so particularly suitable for some electricity
The poor area implementation of power.
4th, the blast furnace gas in the present invention, the pressure difference of generation can be used for generating electricity, more economical.
5th, due to acting synergistically between each step and parameter of the present invention, smelted not so can produce and meet AOD furnace
The nickelic molten iron for entering the nickelic hot metal composition requirement of stove of rust steel.
6th, since each section of wider range in the roasting reduction step of the present invention is general and uses appropriate material, to temperature
Degree requirement is not very harsh, it is possible to reduce the ring formation phenomenon in rotary kiln：Delay the ring formation time, reduce ring formation degree.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores comprises the following steps：
Step 1: roasting reduction：
The alloying component requirement of enrichment ore deposit according to needed for entering blast furnace, it is suitable molten by being incorporated in low poor grade lateritic nickel ore
Agent and reduction carbon；Above-mentioned material is subjected to roasting reduction processing in rotary kiln, obtains scum ore deposit.
Include ferronickel and slag in the scum ore deposit；The scum ore deposit isolated tailings and richness after magnetic separation step afterwards
Ji Kuang；
In the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore, nickel content for 1.5%~2.3%, TFe (full iron) contents 14%~22% it
Between, be preferably nickel and full iron mass ratio >=10%；
The low poor grade lateritic nickel ore before firing, it is necessary to carry out drying and processing in advance, until water content for 16%~
19%；Sieving approach processing is carried out again, until account for total number of particles more than the 80% of the particle of granularity≤3mm, it obtains broken
Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore；
In roasting reduction processing, the ratio of weight and number between low poor grade lateritic nickel ore, flux, reduction carbon is 100：
(2-6)：(8-15) (can be illustratively, 100：2：8、100：6：8、100：2：15、100：6：Arbitrary proportion in 15)；
The flux is one or more of lime, dolomite；It is to control slag type, nickel point, add in add in flux
Reduction carbon is in order to ensure the metal reducing degree and magnetism in low poor grade lateritic nickel ore, to ensure to be enriched with nickel in ore deposit after magnetic separation
The rate of recovery of metal is more than 90%；The rate of recovery of ferrous metal is adjusted according to the conditions of demand of product nickel grade, is can be controlled in
75~85%；
The calculation of nickel metal recovery rate is：Ni metal recovery rates=(the Ni gold of the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore of consumption
Belong to the mass percentage of nickel metal in total amount-corresponding output tailings amount × tailings) the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore of/consumption
Ni total metal contents；
The calculation of the ferrous metal rate of recovery is：Fe metal recovery rates=(the Fe gold of the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore of consumption
Belong to the mass percentage of Fe metals in total amount-corresponding output tailings amount × tailings) the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore of/consumption
Fe total metal contents；
If in above two formula, the total amount of the lateritic nickel ore of the low poor taste of consumption refers to that rotary kiln reduction roasting is used
Low poor taste lateritic nickel ore total amount, then corresponding output tailings amount refer to the tailings separated in magnetic separation step
Amount, the rate of recovery at this time refer to the rate of recovery after magnetic separation after rotary kiln for directly reducing.
If in above two formula, the total amount of the lateritic nickel ore of the low poor taste of consumption refers to that rotary kiln reduction roasting is used
The lateritic nickel ore of low poor taste and the sum of the total amount of lateritic nickel ore of low poor taste that uses of sintering, then corresponding output tailings
The sum of tailings amount that amount refers to the tailings amount separated in magnetic separation step and blast furnace smelting is isolated；
Slag type is controlled, even if in the tailings that the scum ore deposit obtained after roasting reduction processing obtains after magnetic separation processing
MgO/SiO2Mass ratio be 0.2-0.6 (illustratively, can be in 0.2,0.32,0.56,0.58,0.6 etc. arbitrary value or
Arbitrarily scope between the two), it is preferably that 0.3-0.4 (illustratively, can be arbitrary value or arbitrary in 0.3,0.35,0.4 etc.
Scope between the two)；
Roasting reduction processing in, in rotary kiln, be followed successively by from kiln tail to temperature of kiln head preheating zone (temperature for 300 DEG C~
600 DEG C), decompose intermediate zone (temperature be 600 DEG C~1000 DEG C), high temperature reduction band (temperature is 1000 DEG C~1400 DEG C), condense
Band (temperature is 1400 DEG C~900 DEG C)；Wherein, the calcination temperature of high temperature reduction band is preferably 1250 DEG C~1350 DEG C, kiln hood
The drop temperature of condensing zone is preferably 1050 DEG C~900 DEG C；Material enters the time of kiln discharge in 5~6h, wherein object from kiln tail
Expect the roasting time in high temperature reduction band in 40~60min.
In this step, each section of wider range is general, not very harsh to temperature requirement, can determine conjunction according to material properties
Suitable calcination temperature；The calcination temperature of high temperature reduction band is usually at 1000 DEG C~1400 DEG C, it is possible to reduce in rotary kiln
Ring formation phenomenon：Delay the ring formation time, reduce ring formation degree；Due to employing suitable material, the viscosity of the material in this step
Reduce, fusing point reduces, the MgO/SiO after obtained scum ore deposit magnetic separation in tailings2Mass ratio control in 0.2-0.6, so can
To avoid too fast ring formation；It even if, can also be by adjusting fuel amount of allocating, to circle body after ring formation of rotary kiln
Reason.
The temperature of kiln hood is strictly controlled in this step, to ensure metal reducing degree and the magnetism in laterite；Laterite nickel
Nickel metal in ore deposit is reduced completely substantially, and iron largely exists with ferrous state, with a small amount of iron simple substance.
Step 2: magnetic separation：
Scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic separation processing, is specially：Scum ore deposit by first time dry separation is handled successively, is crushed for first
Processing, second break process, second of dry separation processing, three-crushing processing, the 4th break process, at third time dry separation
Reason carries out absorption screening enrichment, obtains the three parts that dry separation three times filters out and is enriched with the scum ore deposit after ore deposit and third time dry separation；So
The scum ore deposit after the third time dry separation is carried out ball-milling treatment, wet separation processing and mining tailing successively afterwards to handle, obtains wet separation
Two parts enrichment ore deposit and tailings filtered out with mining tailing；It is mining at the sintering of next step to collect the above-mentioned enrichment filtered out
Reason.
Wherein, after second crushes, the granularity of obtained Iron-ore Slag is below 15mm；After the 4th crushes,
The granularity of obtained Iron-ore Slag is below 5mm；The magnetic field intensity of above-mentioned dry separation three times is in 800~1200GS；It is above-mentioned remaining
In the particle formed after scum ore deposit ball milling, granularity accounts for more than the 80% of particle total amount less than 200 purposes.
In this step, metal (the iron, nickel) rate of recovery >=85%, enrichment ore deposit metal content (ferronickel content i.e. therein) >=
50%；
In order to make scum ore deposit that can reach preferable magnetic separation effect after crushing, strictly to control scum ore deposit particle granularity and
Last magnetic separation effect avoids metal from running tail；
Enrichment of the scum ore deposit Jing Guo this step, removes substantial amounts of slag, so sintering step and melting step generation will be reduced
Largely enter clinker, for blast furnace, the fuel of a large amount of unnecessary wastes can be saved, reduce cost, reduce State of Blast Furnace
The quantity of slag, beneficial to the discharge of dilval water.
Step 3: sintering, i.e., the preparation of nickelic High-iron-content Sinters：
Take low poor 100 parts by weight of grade lateritic nickel ore, enrichment 65~150 parts by weight of ore deposit, 10~20 parts by weight of slag adjusting agent, nothing
5~8 parts by weight of bituminous coal (such as：Four can take 100 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight respectively；100 weight
Part, 150 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight；100 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight；100 parts by weight,
Arbitrary proportion in 150 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight), it after being sufficiently mixed, is sintered, obtains nickelic high-grade
Sinter.
Maximum sintering temperature up to 1200 DEG C~1350 DEG C (illustratively, can be 1200 DEG C, 1250 DEG C, 1300 DEG C,
Arbitrary value or arbitrary scope between the two in 1320 DEG C, 1350 DEG C etc. are preferably 1280 DEG C), material is sintered always on trolley
Time be 20min~30min (illustratively, can be in 20min, 23min, 25min, 28min, 30min etc. arbitrary value or appoint
The scope of meaning between the two)；
The low poor grade lateritic nickel ore before sintering, it is necessary to carry out drying and processing, until moisture is 16%~19% in advance；
Sieving approach processing is carried out again, until account for total number of particles more than the 80% of the particle of granularity≤3mm, obtain broken low poor product
Position lateritic nickel ore；
Above-mentioned slag adjusting agent is preferably quick lime；
Nickel content in above-mentioned nickelic High-iron-content Sinters is 3.5~4.5%.
Step 4: melting：
According to the component requirements of required nickelic molten iron and equipment capacity situation, by nickelic 100 parts by weight of High-iron-content Sinters,
14~20 parts by weight of coke (such as：The two can take 100 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight respectively, 100 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, and 100
Parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, arbitrary proportion in 100 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight), it is sent into hoisting trolley in blast furnace in 1300-1500
DEG C (illustratively, can be 1300 DEG C, 1350 DEG C, 1400 DEG C, 1450 DEG C, 1500 DEG C between any number or any number
Scope) carry out melting processing 3-5 it is small when (illustratively, can be 3 it is small when, 3.5 it is small when, 4 it is small when, 4.5 it is small when, 5 it is small when in
Scope between any number or any number), obtain nickelic molten iron and clinker.
The nickel point of the nickelic molten iron is more than 8% (nickel point：Refer in the ferronickel water produced, the ratio shared by nickel, i.e. ferronickel
Nickel content, nickel grade, represented with percentage, typically greater than equal to 8.0%)
Above method ensures ternary in clinker because of content of MgO in the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore in raw material is higher
Basicity is controlled more than 0.7；Meanwhile if dual alkalinity is more excellent 0.8~1.25.
Afterwards, the nickelic molten iron of releasing is packed into hot-metal bottle, toward mixed iron blast isothermal holding or refining is sent to traveling crane
Processing.
Since above method production capacity is high, thermal energy is provided by fuel, need not use electric furnace, so particularly suitable for some electricity
The poor area implementation of power；It acts synergistically between each step and parameter of above method, meets AOD furnace smelting so can produce
Refine the nickelic molten iron for entering the nickelic hot metal composition requirement of stove of stainless steel.
In the prior art, the main reason for cannot producing nickelic molten iron with blast furnace is：High ferronickel is produced both at home and abroad at present
Laterite belongs to low-grade laterite nickel ore, and amount of metal is relatively low, that is to say, that directly by these ore deposits according to sintering --- blast-furnace man
If skill enters stove, the quantity of slag in blast furnace will necessarily be made to increase, so be easy to cause and slag is boiled in stove, make blast wandering.And with top
Using calcined by rotary kiln in method, the enrichment ore deposit after magnetic separation participates in dispensing sintering, enters stove, effectively reduces the quantity of slag, makes this problem
It is resolved.
Technology point in above method there is following key is, it is necessary to control emphatically：1. in step 1, in rotary kiln baking
The calcination temperature for forming the scum ore deposit stage is preferably controlled in 1250 DEG C~1350 DEG C, utilizes the control de-iron collection nickel of temperature；2. it walks
In rapid two, the magnetic separation stage will ensure metal recovery rate >=85%, enrichment ore deposit metal content (ferronickel content i.e. therein) >=50%；
3. in step 3, enrichment ore deposit and the allocation ratio of low poor grade lateritic nickel ore are mainly to determine in Iron Ore Matching in Sintering process；4. step
In four, blast furnace process will control slag type, the quantity of slag.
Compared to a kind of Chinese patent application " method that iron and high-grade nickel ferroalloy are extracted from lateritic nickel ore " (application
Number：200810143343.8 application publication number：101418359 A of CN) in extracting method, method of the invention have it is following
Advantage：1. in the technical solution of 101418359 A of CN, the roasting sand restored is directly through wet ball-milling；And the present invention is first to pass through
It crosses the material that dry-dressing machine is carried out after several separation and is re-fed into ball milling, this step can effectively reduce the doses into ball mill
Particle is reduced with visible ferronickel, lightened the burden for ball mill, reduce power consumption (ball mill power is larger)；It is 2. of the invention by magnetic separation
Enrichment ore deposit afterwards participates in being sintered together with lateritic nickel ore, and sinter is sent into blast furnace process, for acid leaching process, has production
Measure the advantages of big；3. the nickelic molten iron product of blast furnace output of the present invention can be heat-fed the next step, without remelting, energy is saved
Consumption；4. present invention coal consumption is consumed instead of acid, more economical；The differential pressure power generation of blast furnace gas of the present invention is more economical.
The reaction principle of the present invention is as follows：
For the reproducibility of oxide under equality of temperature, linear position is in relatively low element, easily reduces the oxide of its upper part
Out, i.e., its oxide is more stable, that is to say, that in melting temperature range, the reduction sequence of oxide is nickel, iron, silicon.
The oxygen content of ferriferous oxide changes step by step from higher oxide to lower oxyde, when temperature is more than 570 DEG C
When, variation order is：Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FexO→Fe；
(1) in step 1, the reaction equation of roasting reduction is as follows：
NiO+C=Ni+CO,
3Fe2O3+C=2Fe3O4+CO,
2Fe3O4+2C=6FeO+2CO,
FeO+C=Fe+CO；
(2) in step 2, the mechanism of ferro-nickel product enrichment is：
Ferrous or iron, nickel are magnetic, and are first crushed the scum ore deposit that magnetization reduction goes out in enrichment process (different
Stage crushing granularity is different), absorption screening enrichment is then carried out to it using permanent magnet (or electromagnet).
(3) in step 3, the sintering mechanism of nickelic High-iron-content Sinters：
NiO+C=Ni+CO,
3Fe2O3+C=2Fe3O4+CO,
2Fe3O4+2C=6FeO+2CO,
(4) in step 4, the reaction equation of the thick ferronickel production of blast furnace smelting is as follows：
NiO+C=Ni+CO,
FeO+C=Fe+CO,
SiO2+2C=Si+2CO；
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Main experimental equipment used in following embodiment of the present invention has：Calcination rotary kiln is that specification is 3.6 × 72m of Ф
Conventional inclined type rotary rotary kiln, the jaw crusher of PE500 × 750, RCYD-10T permanent-magnetic iron expellers, 3600 × 5500 balls of Ф
Grinding machine, CTB-1230 magnetic separators, 75m2Sintering machine (usage factor 0.85), 189m3Blast furnace (usage factor 2.8).
In example 1 below -4, low poor grade lateritic nickel ore ingredient is：
TFe：14, Ni：1.5, MgO:18, SiO2：45.94 CaO：1.2, AL2O3：2.24,H2O:17.12。
Embodiment 1：
(1) roasting reduction：Low poor 100 parts by weight of grade lateritic nickel ore are taken, it is 16%~19% to be dried to water content, is crushed
To account for total number of particles more than the 80% of the particle of granularity≤3mm；2 parts by weight of lime stone are incorporated again, reduce 15 parts by weight of carbon；
Roasting reduction processing is carried out in rotary kiln, wherein, it is 1000 DEG C that preheating zone temperature, which is 500 DEG C, decomposes intermediate zone temperature, high temperature also
Original tape temperature is 1350 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1150 DEG C, obtains scum ore deposit.
(2) magnetic separation：Above-mentioned scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic concentration, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, specific magnetic concentration mistake
Journey is as follows：
First time dry separation, isolated first portion's enrichment carry out scum ore deposit supplied materials using self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller first
Scum ore deposit after ore deposit and first time dry separation；
Scum ore mining after the first time dry separation carries out with crusher to first broken and second crushes successively, obtains
Reach below 15mm through broken material, granularity twice；
Then second of dry separation is carried out through broken material twice by above-mentioned using electric magnetic iron remover, isolated second
Scum ore deposit after part enrichment ore deposit and second of dry separation；
The scum ore deposit after second of the dry separation is crushed twice in succession using crusher again again, i.e. three-crushing
It crushes, obtains through three, four broken materials, granularity is in below 5mm with the 4th；
Afterwards again by this through three, four broken materials, third time dry separation is carried out by permanent magnetic wheels so that slag iron is into one
Step separation obtains the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation；
Then the scum ore deposit after the third time dry separation is sent into ball mill ball milling, ore grinding to granularity is less than the particle of 200 mesh
More than the 80% of particle total amount is accounted for, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling；
The scum ore deposit after the ball milling is sent into magnetic separator again and carries out wet separation, after obtaining the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation
Scum ore deposit；
The scum ore deposit after the wet separation is entered into refuse ore reclaiming machine again afterwards and carries out last time metal recovery, obtains slag inclusion
Ferronickel powder, i.e. Part V are enriched with ore deposit, remaining for tailings, MgO/SiO in tailings2=0.38；
It collects above-mentioned five part and is enriched with ore deposit as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In the above-mentioned processing of dry separation three times, magnetic field intensity is followed successively by 800GS, 900GS, 1000GS；
Ferronickel content is 55% in the enrichment ore deposit, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 83%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 96%；
Wherein, the ingredient for being enriched with ore deposit is：
TFe 48.49, Ni 6.61, SiO213, CaO5.9, MgO 4.8, AL2O33.6, Gr2O33.2。
(3) it is sintered：Using 100 parts by weight of low-grade laterite nickel ore, 85 parts by weight of ore deposit, 18 parts by weight of quick lime, nothing are enriched with
8 parts by weight of bituminous coal are sintered, and maximum sintering temperature is 1280 DEG C, and sintering total time is 22min, obtains nickelic high-grade
Sinter.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters ingredient is：
TFe 40.67, Ni 4.17, SiO226.24, CaO 15.32, MgO 5.28, AL2O33.36 Gr2O3 1.71。
(4) melting：Nickelic 100 parts by weight of High-iron-content Sinters, 24 parts by weight of coke are sent into blast furnace and carry out melting processing,
Smelting time is 4.5h, and smelting temperature obtains nickelic molten iron and clinker at 1450 DEG C.
The ternary basicity of clinker is 0.74, and obtained thick ferronickel ingredient (ingredient of i.e. nickelic molten iron) and slag composition is as follows
Table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron of releasing is packed into hot-metal bottle, toward mixed iron blast isothermal holding or is sent to traveling crane at refining
Reason.
Embodiment 2：
(1) roasting reduction：Low poor 100 parts by weight of grade lateritic nickel ore are taken, it is 16%~19% to be dried to water content, is crushed
To account for total number of particles more than the 80% of the particle of granularity≤3mm；3 parts by weight of lime stone are incorporated again, reduce 14 parts by weight of carbon；
Roasting reduction processing is carried out in rotary kiln, wherein, it is 850 DEG C that preheating zone temperature, which is 400 DEG C, decomposes intermediate zone temperature, high temperature also
Original tape temperature is 1300 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1100 DEG C, obtains scum ore deposit；
(2) magnetic separation：Above-mentioned scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic concentration, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, specific magnetic concentration mistake
Journey is as follows：
First time dry separation, isolated first portion's enrichment carry out scum ore deposit supplied materials using self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller first
Scum ore deposit after ore deposit and first time dry separation；
Scum ore mining after the first time dry separation carries out with crusher to first broken and second crushes successively, obtains
Reach below 15mm through broken material, granularity twice；
Then second of dry separation is carried out through broken material twice by above-mentioned using electric magnetic iron remover, isolated second
Scum ore deposit after part enrichment ore deposit and second of dry separation；
The scum ore deposit after second of the dry separation is crushed twice in succession using crusher again again, i.e. three-crushing
It crushes, obtains through three, four broken materials, granularity is in below 5mm with the 4th；
Afterwards again by this through three, four broken materials, third time dry separation is carried out by permanent magnetic wheels so that slag iron is into one
Step separation obtains the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation；
Then the scum ore deposit after the third time dry separation is sent into ball mill ball milling, ore grinding to granularity is less than the particle of 200 mesh
More than the 80% of particle total amount is accounted for, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling；
The scum ore deposit after the ball milling is sent into magnetic separator again and carries out wet separation, after obtaining the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation
Scum ore deposit；
The scum ore deposit after the wet separation is entered into refuse ore reclaiming machine again afterwards and carries out last time metal recovery, obtains slag inclusion
Ferronickel powder, i.e. Part V are enriched with ore deposit, remaining for tailings, MgO/SiO2=0.39 in tailings；
It collects above-mentioned five part and is enriched with ore deposit as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In the above-mentioned processing of dry separation three times, magnetic field intensity is followed successively by 800GS, 900GS, 1000GS；
Ferronickel content is 55% in the enrichment ore deposit, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 83%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 96%；
Wherein, the ingredient for being enriched with ore deposit is：
TFe 48.49, Ni 6.61, SiO213, CaO5.9, MgO 4.8, AL2O33.6, Gr2O33.2。
(3) it is sintered：Using 100 parts by weight of low-grade laterite nickel ore, 100 parts by weight of ore deposit, 23 parts by weight of quick lime, nothing are enriched with
9 parts by weight of bituminous coal are sintered, and maximum sintering temperature is 1280 DEG C, and sintering total time is 25min, obtains nickelic high-grade
Sinter.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters ingredient is：
TFe 41.6, Ni 4.32, SiO225.18, CaO 15.2, MgO 5.11, AL2O33.12 Gr2O31.71。
(4) melting：Nickelic high-grade is sent into 100 parts by weight of blast furnace, 23 parts by weight of coke are sent into blast furnace and are carried out at melting
Reason, smelting time 4.0h, smelting temperature obtain nickelic molten iron and clinker at 1400 DEG C.
The ternary basicity of clinker is 0.74, and obtained thick ferronickel ingredient (ingredient of i.e. nickelic molten iron) and slag composition is as follows
Table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron of releasing is packed into hot-metal bottle, toward mixed iron blast isothermal holding or is sent to traveling crane at refining
Reason.
Embodiment 3：
(1) roasting reduction：Low poor 100 parts by weight of grade lateritic nickel ore are taken, it is 16%~19% to be dried to water content, is crushed
To account for total number of particles more than the 80% of the particle of granularity≤3mm；2 parts by weight of lime stone are incorporated again, reduce 13 parts by weight of carbon；
Roasting reduction processing is carried out in rotary kiln, wherein, it is 800 DEG C that preheating zone temperature, which is 400 DEG C, decomposes intermediate zone temperature, high temperature also
Original tape temperature is 1250 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1050 DEG C, obtains scum ore deposit.
(2) magnetic separation：Above-mentioned scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic concentration, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, specific magnetic concentration mistake
Journey is as follows：
First time dry separation, isolated first portion's enrichment carry out scum ore deposit supplied materials using self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller first
Scum ore deposit after ore deposit and first time dry separation；
Scum ore mining after the first time dry separation carries out with crusher to first broken and second crushes successively, obtains
Reach below 15mm through broken material, granularity twice；
Then second of dry separation is carried out through broken material twice by above-mentioned using electric magnetic iron remover, isolated second
Scum ore deposit after part enrichment ore deposit and second of dry separation；
The scum ore deposit after second of the dry separation is crushed twice in succession using crusher again again, i.e. three-crushing
It crushes, obtains through three, four broken materials, granularity is in below 5mm with the 4th；
Afterwards again by this through three, four broken materials, third time dry separation is carried out by permanent magnetic wheels so that slag iron is into one
Step separation obtains the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation；
Then the scum ore deposit after the third time dry separation is sent into ball mill ball milling, ore grinding to granularity is less than the particle of 200 mesh
More than the 80% of particle total amount is accounted for, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling；
The scum ore deposit after the ball milling is sent into magnetic separator again and carries out wet separation, after obtaining the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation
Scum ore deposit；
The scum ore deposit after the wet separation is entered into refuse ore reclaiming machine again afterwards and carries out last time metal recovery, obtains slag inclusion
Ferronickel powder, i.e. Part V are enriched with ore deposit, remaining for tailings, MgO/SiO2=0.38 in tailings；
It collects above-mentioned five part and is enriched with ore deposit as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In the above-mentioned processing of dry separation three times, magnetic field intensity is followed successively by 900GS, 1000GS, 1100GS；
Ferronickel content is 50% in the enrichment ore deposit, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 82%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 95%；
Wherein, the ingredient for being enriched with ore deposit is：
TFe 43.08, Ni 5.92, SiO212.7, CaO 6.12, MgO 4.8, AL2O33.6, Gr2O3 3.2。
(3) it is sintered：Using 100 parts by weight of low-grade laterite nickel ore, 110 parts by weight of ore deposit, 25 parts by weight of quick lime, nothing are enriched with
10 parts by weight of bituminous coal are sintered, and maximum sintering temperature is 1280 DEG C, and sintering total time is 25min, obtains nickelic Gao Pin
Position sinter.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters ingredient is：
TFe 38.33, Ni 4.22, SiO226.16, CaO 18.95, MgO 6.73, AL2O3 3.2,Gr2O3 1.85。
(4) melting：Nickelic 100 parts by weight of High-iron-content Sinters, 22 parts by weight of coke are sent into blast furnace and carry out melting processing,
Smelting time is 3.5h, and smelting temperature obtains nickelic molten iron and clinker at 1400 DEG C.
The ternary basicity of clinker is 0.79, and obtained thick ferronickel ingredient (ingredient of i.e. nickelic molten iron) and slag composition is as follows
Table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron of releasing is packed into hot-metal bottle, toward mixed iron blast isothermal holding or is sent to traveling crane at refining
Reason.
Embodiment 4：
(1) roasting reduction：Low poor 100 parts by weight of grade lateritic nickel ore are taken, it is 16%~19% to be dried to water content, is crushed
To account for total number of particles more than the 80% of the particle of granularity≤3mm；2 parts by weight of lime stone are incorporated again, reduce 12 parts by weight of carbon；
Roasting reduction processing is carried out in rotary kiln, wherein, it is 750 DEG C that preheating zone temperature, which is 350 DEG C, decomposes intermediate zone temperature, high temperature also
Original tape temperature is 1200 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1000 DEG C, obtains scum ore deposit.
(2) magnetic separation：Above-mentioned scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic concentration, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, specific magnetic concentration mistake
Journey is as follows：
First time dry separation, isolated first portion's enrichment carry out scum ore deposit supplied materials using self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller first
Scum ore deposit after ore deposit and first time dry separation；
Scum ore mining after the first time dry separation carries out with crusher to first broken and second crushes successively, obtains
Reach below 15mm through broken material, granularity twice；
Then second of dry separation is carried out through broken material twice by above-mentioned using electric magnetic iron remover, isolated second
Scum ore deposit after part enrichment ore deposit and second of dry separation；
The scum ore deposit after second of the dry separation is crushed twice in succession using crusher again again, i.e. three-crushing
It crushes, obtains through three, four broken materials, granularity is in below 5mm with the 4th；
Afterwards again by this through three, four broken materials, third time dry separation is carried out by permanent magnetic wheels so that slag iron is into one
Step separation obtains the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation；
Then the scum ore deposit after the third time dry separation is sent into ball mill ball milling, ore grinding to granularity is less than the particle of 200 mesh
More than the 80% of particle total amount is accounted for, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling；
The scum ore deposit after the ball milling is sent into magnetic separator again and carries out wet separation, after obtaining the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation
Scum ore deposit；
The scum ore deposit after the wet separation is entered into refuse ore reclaiming machine again afterwards and carries out last time metal recovery, obtains slag inclusion
Ferronickel powder, i.e. Part V are enriched with ore deposit, remaining for tailings, MgO/SiO2=0.38 in tailings；
It collects above-mentioned five part and is enriched with ore deposit as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In the above-mentioned processing of dry separation three times, magnetic field intensity is followed successively by 1000GS, 1000GS, 1000GS；
Ferronickel content is 50% in the enrichment ore deposit, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 82%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 95%；
Wherein, the ingredient for being enriched with ore deposit is：
TFe 43.08, Ni 5.92, SiO212.7, CaO 6.12, MgO 4.8, AL2O33.6, Gr2O3 3.2。
(3) it is sintered：Using 100 parts by weight of low-grade laterite nickel ore, 120 parts by weight of ore deposit, 20 parts by weight of quick lime, nothing are enriched with
10 parts by weight of bituminous coal are sintered, and maximum sintering temperature is 1320 DEG C, and sintering total time is 25min, obtains nickelic Gao Pin
Position sinter.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters ingredient is：
TFe 39.1, Ni 4.36, SiO226.05, CaO 17.17, MgO 5.98, AL2O33.12 Gr2O3 1.71。
(4) melting：Nickelic 100 parts by weight of High-iron-content Sinters, 22 parts by weight of coke are sent into blast furnace and carry out melting processing,
Smelting time is 3h, and smelting temperature obtains nickelic molten iron and clinker at 1400 DEG C.
The ternary basicity of clinker is 0.70, and obtained thick ferronickel ingredient (ingredient of i.e. nickelic molten iron) and slag composition is as follows
Table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron of releasing is packed into hot-metal bottle, toward mixed iron blast isothermal holding or is sent to traveling crane at refining
Reason.
The thick ferronickel water (ingredient of i.e. nickelic molten iron) and slag composition that example 1-4 is obtained are respectively such as table 1, shown in table 2：
The thick ferronickel product ingredient (wt%) that 1 embodiment 1-4 of table is obtained
| Embodiment | C | Si | P | S | Gr | Ni | Fe | Other inevitable impurity |
| 1 | 5.1 | 0.3 | 0.023 | 0.17 | 5.89 | 9.36 | 79.43 | 0.237 |
| 2 | 4.3 | 1.03 | 0.020 | 0.15 | 3.37 | 9.56 | 81.75 | 0.03 |
| 3 | 6.3 | 0.9 | 0.045 | 0.10 | 6.21 | 9.51 | 78.52 | 0.555 |
| 4 | 5.53 | 1.2 | 0.034 | 0.13 | 4.67 | 9.43 | 80.01 | 0.446 |
The main component (wt%) of 2 clinker of table
| Embodiment | CaO | MgO | SiO2 | Gr2O3 | Al2O3 | TFe | Ni |
| 1 | 29.25 | 10.3 | 53.4 | 2.1 | 2.70 | 2.01 | 0.15 |
| 2 | 28.7 | 11.4 | 52.04 | 1.98 | 3.9 | 1.87 | 0.13 |
| 3 | 30.5 | 11.2 | 51.66 | 1.18 | 3.1 | 1.97 | 0.16 |
| 4 | 29.7 | 11.24 | 52.51 | 1.33 | 2.01 | 2.03 | 0.18 |
In clinker, in addition to the main component in upper table, the oxide (oxidation of such as iron of a small amount of other metals is further included
The oxide of object and nickel) and the impurity containing P, S on a small quantity.
The following table 3 gives the sinter of the thick ferronickel water of production using embodiment 1-4 in actual production, is enriched with matching somebody with somebody for ore deposit
Enter amount, the daily output of ferronickel water and line-item costs etc., and compared with existing RKEF methods, to illustrate that the present invention can be big
The big production cost for reducing ton ferronickel water.
Wherein, the cost of following material is respectively：Ferronickel is per ton monovalent 3800 yuan more total than the enrichment ore deposit for 50%, ferronickel
(take than monovalent total 4000 yuan per ton of the enrichment ore deposit for 55% including calcination rotary kiln magnetizing roast and the whole of magnetic concentration
With), sinter unit price per ton adds up to 886 yuan (full payments including sintering).Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore unit price per ton is total
450 yuan, semi-coke reducing agent unit price per ton is 970 yuan total, and coke unit price per ton is 1200 yuan total, and power consumption often spends 0.6 yuan.In table 3
Unit consumption is a ton ferronickel unit consumption.
The Cost comparisons of the different ferronickel water producing methods of table 3
Claims (11)
- A kind of 1. method using the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, it is characterised in that：This method comprises the following steps：Roasting reduction step：Low poor grade lateritic nickel ore is subjected to roasting reduction processing, obtains scum ore deposit；Wherein, before roasting reduction processing, carry out drying and processing to water content is the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore 16%-19%, then carry out sieving approach and handle to the particle of granularity≤3mm to account for more than the 80% of total number of particles；In the roasting reduction step, roasting reduction processing carries out in rotary kiln, in the rotary kiln, from kiln tail to Kiln hood is followed successively by the preheating zone that temperature is 300 DEG C~600 DEG C, the decomposition intermediate zone that temperature is 600 DEG C~1000 DEG C, temperature are 1000 DEG C~1400 DEG C of high temperature reduction band and temperature is 1400 DEG C~900 DEG C condensing zones；Material from the kiln tail enter from The time of the kiln hood kiln discharge in 5~6h, wherein, material the high temperature reduction band roasting time in 40~60min；In the roasting reduction step, ratio of weight and number between the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore and flux that use, reduction carbon for 100：(2-6)：(8-15)；Magnetic separation step：The scum ore deposit is subjected to magnetic separation processing, obtains enrichment ore deposit and tailings；Sintering step：It is 100 by the low poor grade lateritic nickel ore, described be enriched between ore deposit, slag adjusting agent, anthracite according to ratio of weight and number： (65-150)：(10-20)：The proportioning of (5-8) is sintered, and obtains nickelic High-iron-content Sinters；Melting step：The nickelic High-iron-content Sinters are subjected to melting processing, obtain the nickelic molten iron；The melting processing is in blast furnace It carries out.
- 2. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the roasting reduction processing of the roasting reduction step, calcination temperature is 1250-1350 DEG C, drop temperature 900-1050 ℃。
- 3. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the magnetic separation step, the magnetic separation processing includes：The scum ore deposit is handled successively by first time dry separation, first Break process, second break process, second of dry separation processing, three-crushing processing, the 4th break process and third time Dry separation is handled, and obtains three parts enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation treated the scum ore deposit that the processing of dry separation three times filters out；Then By the third time dry separation treated scum ore deposit carries out successively ball-milling treatment, wet separation processing and mining tailing processing, obtain Two parts enrichment ore deposit that wet separation processing and mining tailing processing filter out；It collects the three parts enrichment ore deposit and described two parts is rich Ji Kuang.
- 4. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, after the second break process, the granularity of obtained Iron-ore Slag For below 15mm；After the 4th break process, the granularity of obtained Iron-ore Slag is below 5mm.
- 5. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, the first time dry separation processing, second of dry separation processing, third time dry separation The magnetic field intensity of processing is 800~1200GS；In the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, after the ball-milling treatment In scum ore deposit, the particle that granularity is less than 200 mesh accounts for more than the 80% of particle total amount.
- 6. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, the MgO/SiO in the tailings2Mass ratio be 0.2-0.6.
- 7. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In the magnetic separation processing of the magnetic separation step, the MgO/SiO in the tailings2Mass ratio be 0.3-0.4.
- 8. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the sintering processes of the sintering step, maximum sintering temperature be 1200~1350 DEG C, the sintering processes time for 20min~ 30min。
- 9. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The slag adjusting agent is quick lime.
- 10. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the melting processing of the melting step, temperature is 1300-1500 DEG C, when the time is 3-5 small.
- 11. the method for the low poor nickelic molten iron of grade smelting laterite-nickel ores is used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the melting processing of the melting step, the nickelic High-iron-content Sinters and the ratio of weight and number of coke that use for 100：(15-25).
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| CN104232937A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Laterite-nickel ore selective reduction treatment method |
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