CN105453880A - 一种用于极度干旱区草本植物恢复的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于极度干旱区草本植物恢复的方法,将土、沙、草木灰按1:1:1体积比混合搅拌均匀,在混合物中加入质量百分比为0.2%-0.3%或0.25%的保水剂多次搅拌,以保证保水剂与混合物搅拌均匀构成混合基质,后将混合基质装于蛇皮袋内,然后在极度干旱区草本混合基质袋内点播草种,由于基质袋内部构成物质具有保持水土、防风固沙、保水蓄肥的优点,突破了极度干旱区原有沙化裸地水分、养分缺乏及风沙流动对草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的限制,提高了草本植物种子萌发率和幼苗成活率,对极度干旱区植被恢复具有重要意义。同时,草本混合基质袋的铺设可以阻挡地表沙丘流动、改变地表物质构成,可为干旱区其他植物存活提供有利条件,并且整套技术易于操作可复制、可传播,产业化前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于极度干旱区草本植物恢复的方法。
背景技术
土地沙化已成为全球性的大问题,在人类活动和自然环境演变的双重影响下,全球沙化面积每年都在以一定的速度增长。有学者经过研究表明,进入20世纪以来,我国沙化土地面积一直在逐年增长;以80年代为例,我国沙化面积年均增加量为2100km2,与十年前相比,沙化面积年均增加量增长了540km2,年增长率由1.01%增加到1.47%;此后我国沙化形势愈演愈烈,甚至到90年代后期沙化面积年均增加量高达3436km2。据预测,到2030年,我国干旱区及半干旱地区的范围将大幅度扩展,灾害性天气更为频发,生态环境破坏更为严重。荒漠化对我国的影响是巨大的,带来的经济损失和生态损耗巨大,相关数据显示,我国沙漠、戈壁和荒漠化土地面积共计165.3万km2,主要分布在我国干旱、半干旱和部分半湿润地区,其中由人类活动主导作用而形成的沙化土地面积约为37万km2。日益严重的土地荒漠化,在造成人类赖以生存的土地资源数量和质量不断下降的同时,更是带来了巨大的直接经济损失及不可挽回的生态环境破坏,因生态***破坏而引发沙尘暴等一系列自然灾害频繁发生,严重威胁着人类的生存安全。因此,在刻不容缓的土地沙化形势下,对沙化土地的生态修复建设和环境保护已成为全球人类共同关注大问题,必须积极采取有效措施,对沙化地区进行治理,控制沙地蔓延,重建沙区生态***。
目前,土地沙漠化治理技术较少,主要有飞播造林和设置沙障两种方法。飞播造林,就是飞机播种造林种草,但飞播造林技术比较粗放,对造林地、树种和飞播后的管护要求较高,容易带来大量的外来种,使生态***受到破坏。设置沙障,是用麦草、稻草、芦苇等植物茎秆在沙面上做成障蔽物,但存在材料易老化、运输及施工困难等缺点。以上两种方法主要以种子裸地自然萌发为主,种子萌发、幼苗生长受当地土壤水分和养分影响较大,不能保证种子萌发率及幼苗成活率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对极度干旱区沙化土地治理的难点及现有生态恢复技术的不足而提供的一种极度干旱区草本植物恢复方法,该方法通过先将草本基质混合,再将混合好的基质袋埋藏于平整过的干旱区沙地内,然后进行草种点播,本发明改变了原有沙化裸地土壤水分、养分欠缺对种子萌发与幼苗生长的限制,从而为沙地草本植物种子萌发与幼苗生长提供最优环境,以保证种子萌发率与幼苗成活率。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
1、将土、沙、草木灰按1:1:1的体积比混合搅拌均匀;
2、将步骤1的混合物加入质量百分比0.2%-0.3%或0.25%的保水剂多次搅拌,以保证保水剂与混合物搅拌均匀构成混合基质;
3、将步骤2的混合基质装于蛇皮袋内,蛇皮袋大小无要求,但要求基质装袋平铺于地面后袋内基质高度达10±0.5cm;
4、基质袋铺设前需对土地进行平整,整理出深度为8cm,行距为20-25cm的沟槽;
5、将步骤3的基质袋铺设于步骤4整理出的沟槽内;
6、将种植地优势草本植物狗牙根种子点播于步骤5已铺设好的基质袋内,种子点播深度1±0.5cm,点播后均匀覆土。
本发明的技术效果是:本发明将土、沙、草木灰、保水剂搅拌构成的混合基质装于蛇皮袋内,然后在极度干旱区草本混合基质袋内点播草种,由于基质袋内部构成具有保持水土、防风固沙、保水蓄肥的优点,突破了极度干旱区水分、养分缺乏及风沙流动对草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的限制,提高了草本植物种子萌发率和幼苗成活率,对极度干旱区植被恢复具有重要意义。同时,草本混合基质袋的铺设可以阻挡地表沙丘流动、改变地表物质构成,可为干旱区其他植物存活提供有利条件,并且整套技术易于操作可复制、可传播,产业化前景广阔。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例1、2详细说明本发明所具有的有益效果,旨在帮助阅
读者更好地理解本发明的实质,但不能对本发明的实施和保护范围构成任何限定。
于2015年3月在江西省多宝乡沙山(29°21′22″—29°27′18″N,116°3′—116°7′42″E)开展案例实施,位于鄱阳湖畔,年平均气温17.5℃,地表平均温度21.3℃,年降水量1310mm,年蒸发量1880mm,最高气温42℃,地表最高温度69.5℃。该地区风大沙多,风能资源丰富,年均风速为1.0~3.8m/s,最大风力达25m/s,案例实施区土壤养分匮乏,除全钾(2.03%±0.28%)含量较高外,有机质(0.99%±0.42%)、全氮(0.036%±0.022%)、全磷(0.018%±0.007%)含量均处于十分缺乏的水平。
实施案例1:
1)将土、沙、草木灰按1:1:1体积比混合搅拌均匀;
2)将步骤1的混合物加入质量百分比为0.2%-0.3%重量的保水剂多次搅拌,以保证保水剂与混合物搅拌均匀构成混合基质;
3)将步骤2的混合基质装于蛇皮袋内,蛇皮袋大小无要求,但要求基质装袋平铺于地面后袋内基质高度达10±0.5cm;
4)基质袋铺设前需对土地进行平整,整理出深度为8cm,行距为20-25cm的沟槽;
5)将步骤3的基质袋铺设于步骤4整理出的沟槽内;
6)将种植地优势草本植物狗牙根种子点播于步骤5已铺设好的基质袋内,种子点播深度1±0.5cm,点播后均匀覆土。
实施案例2:
1)将土、沙、草木灰按1:1:1体积比混合搅拌均匀;
2)将步骤1的混合物加入质量百分比为0.25%的保水剂多次搅拌,以保证保水剂与混合物搅拌均匀构成混合基质;
3)将步骤2的混合基质装于蛇皮袋内,蛇皮袋大小无要求,但要求基质装袋平铺于地面后袋内基质高度达10±0.5cm。
4)基质袋铺设前需对土地进行平整,整理出深度为8cm,行距为20-25cm的沟槽。
5)将步骤3的基质袋铺设于步骤4整理出的沟槽内。
6)将种植地优势草本植物狗牙根种子点播于步骤5已铺设好的基质袋内,种子点播深度1±0.5cm,点播后均匀覆土。
通过对实施案例一和案例二的跟踪监测发现,若在基质中加入质量比为0.20%-0.30%或0.25%保水剂浓度时,本地优势草本植物狗牙根的萌发率、成活率、幼苗生长及对土壤水分的保蓄能力较强,防风固沙效果较好。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于极度干旱区草本植物恢复的方法,其特征在于,通过以下技术方案来实现的:
1)将土、沙、草木灰按1:1:1体积比混合搅拌均匀;
2)将步骤1的混合物加入质量百分比为0.2%-0.3%或0.25%的保水剂多次搅拌,以保证保水剂与混合物搅拌均匀构成混合基质;
3)将步骤2的混合基质装于蛇皮袋内,蛇皮袋大小无要求,但要求基质装袋平铺于地面后袋内基质高度达10±0.5cm;
4)基质袋铺设前需对土地进行平整,整理出深度为8cm,行距为20-25cm的沟槽;
5)将步骤3的基质袋铺设于步骤4整理出的沟槽内;
6)将种植地优势草本植物狗牙根种子点播于步骤5已铺设好的基质袋内,种子点播深度1±0.5cm,点播后均匀覆土。
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Cited By (2)
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CN110859066A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-06 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | 一种沙化土地植被恢复方法 |
CN112075156A (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 西北师范大学 | 一种用于风蚀坑牧草种植的保水调温材料的制备及应用 |
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CN110859066A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-06 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | 一种沙化土地植被恢复方法 |
CN112075156A (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 西北师范大学 | 一种用于风蚀坑牧草种植的保水调温材料的制备及应用 |
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