CN105452645A - 具有用作内燃机启动器的空调压缩机的机动车 - Google Patents

具有用作内燃机启动器的空调压缩机的机动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105452645A
CN105452645A CN201480044353.XA CN201480044353A CN105452645A CN 105452645 A CN105452645 A CN 105452645A CN 201480044353 A CN201480044353 A CN 201480044353A CN 105452645 A CN105452645 A CN 105452645A
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motor
combustion engine
power system
motor vehicle
air
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CN201480044353.XA
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CN105452645B (zh
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A·阿佩斯迈尔
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有内燃机(14)和空调设备(38)的机动车(10)，空调设备包括电机(42)，电机设置用于驱动空调设备(38)的用于压缩冷却流体的压缩机(40)。可控的离合装置(46)设置用于，根据控制信号使空调设备(38)的电机(42)与内燃机(14)机械联接。电机(42)相应设置用于，在与内燃机(14)联接的状态中作为电启动器驱动内燃机(14)。本发明的目的在于，当使用空调设备(38)的压缩机(42)来启动内燃机(14)时，确保机动车(10)中的低压负载(54)的稳定运行。空调设备(38)的电机(42)的逆变器(44)根据本发明设置用于，直接利用机动车(10)的高压车载电网(26)的高压电压来运行电机(42)。

Description

具有用作内燃机启动器的空调压缩机的机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有内燃机和空调设备的机动车。所述空调设备具有被电机驱动的压缩机。该电机也用作用于内燃机的启动器/起动器。这种类型的机动车例如由US2007/0187953A1已知。
背景技术
除了由上述文献已知的用于使空调设备的压缩机的电机与例如内燃机的曲轴机械联接的离合装置以外，还由文献DE19931963A1和DE10001436A1已知其它用于使电机与内燃机选择性地联接的、用于启动内燃机的离合装置。“选择性地”在此可以理解为可通过控制信号来控制何时离合装置使电机与内燃机机械联接以及何时断开联接。
在本发明中，内燃机或内燃发动机可以理解为特别是汽油发动机、柴油发动机或者汪克尔发动机。当启动这种内燃机时，用作启动器的电机需要非常大的电流，其例如可以为1000安培。传统的启动器***由机动车的低压车载电网供电。在本发明中，低压可以理解为介于0伏和60伏之间的电压范围。在必须通过这种启动***启动内燃机时，必须可由低压车载电网提供电流供使用。这导致低伏电压的电压骤降，就是说在例如12伏额定电压的情况下，该电压可能下降到少于8伏或甚至6伏的值。
通过低压车载电网也为与安全相关的负载供电。在此例如可以是机动车的大灯、电子稳定程序(ESP)、电转向辅助装置和/或制动助力器。由于启动内燃机时导致的电压骤降，这些与安全相关的负载可能供电不足，从而不再实现其功能。根据现有技术，在此例如由将低压车载电网拆分为两部分的功率半导体进行补救。因此在启动过程期间存在用于运行与安全相关的负载的、具有(例如在12伏车载电网中为12伏的)额定电压的稳定侧。然后启动器由单独的低压电池来馈电。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，即便在使用空调设备的压缩机来启动内燃机时也可以确保机动车中的电的低压负载的稳定运行。
根据本发明，该目的通过独立权利要求的主题得以实现。本发明的有利改进方案由从属权利要求给出。
根据本发明的机动车具有用于驱动机动车的内燃机以用于行驶以及空调设备，该空调设备具有电机用于驱动空调设备的压缩机。压缩机根据需要为了压缩空调设备的冷却流体而由电机进行驱动。此外根据本发明的机动车还具有可控的离合装置，该离合装置被设置用于，使空调设备的电机根据控制信号与内燃机机械联接。相应地，电机被设置用于，在与内燃机相联接的状态中驱动内燃机以启动内燃机，就是说，电机被设计成内燃机的电启动器。离合装置可以是在上述文献中描述的联接器之一。但是也可以在离合装置中提供现有技术中已知的其它联接器，例如接通继电器、(如由推进-螺旋传动-启动器已知的)接合传动器、或者由前置启动器已知的联接机构。
根据本发明的机动车具有至少一个电的低压负载，特别是至少一个在低压电压下运行且与安全相关的电负载。所述至少一个与安全相关的电负载可以选自包括大灯、电子稳定程序、电转向辅助装置和制动助力器的组。现在为了确保即便在借助电机启动内燃机期间所述至少一个低压负载也可以稳定地运行，在根据本发明的机动车中提供了高压车载电网和低压车载电网。在高压车载电网中提供大于60伏、特别是大于120伏的高压电压。所述至少一个低压负载为了其供电而连接在低压车载电网上。而空调设备的电机的逆变器被设置用于，直接利用高压车载电网的高压电压来运行电机。换言之，电机被设置为高压电机。不同于传统启动器***的情况，用于驱动压缩机的电机在高压变型中也可供使用。空调设备可以是用于对机动车乘员车厢进行空气调节的设备。附加地或替代地，空调设备可设置用于对机动车的一个设备或多个设备、特别是高压车载电网的部件例如牵引电池进行空气调节、即冷却和/或加热。
在根据本发明的机动车中得出以下优点，即：由于利用高压电压为电机供电，在电机作为内燃机的启动器运行时电流相应较低。相应地，高压车载电网中的电压骤降较小。此外，高压车载电网和低压车载电网可以在启动内燃机期间毫无困难地相互电气分离，或者以其他方式这两个车载电网中的电压变化过程相互断开联接，从而电机作为启动器的运行对低压车载电网中的低压负载、特别是与安全相关的负载的运行没有影响或仅有不明显的影响。因此可以以有利的方式不对低压车载电网进行拆分，这相应地节省了电开关部件。此外，在用于启动器的独立的低压电池中不必进行能量缓冲。总之，因此在根据本发明的机动车中节省了开关部件，但仍能实现与安全相关的负载的稳定运行，这可以导致按照ISO26262标准的汽车安全综合等级(ASIL)的改善。
通常在机动车中提供有一个高压车载电网，该高压车载电网具有额外的用于行驶的驱动电机。结合已经说过的内燃机因此可以得到一种混合动力***。高压车载电网的供电一般而言通过特别功率强劲的电能源、例如牵引电池或燃料电池组实现。为了也在低压车载电网中使用该功率强劲的能量源，根据本发明的机动车的一种改进方案，低压车载电网通过DC-DC转换器(DC：直流电流)联接高压车载电网。
因此也可以通过将根据本发明的机动车构造为具有混合动力***的混合动力车辆得出另一优点，因为用于空调设备的高压电机作为启动器能够在比在低压车载电网中为支持启动器所需的、额外的12伏电池大的温度范围内运行。在内燃机通过12伏电池来支持的混合动力***中，当驱动电机单独不再足够用于行驶运行时，内燃机的按照所需的起动仅在通常零下10℃的温度以上才能实现。在更低的温度下，内燃机必须持续运行。与之相比，在将高压电机用作压缩机驱动装置的情况下，这个高压电机即便在较低温度下也可以用作内燃机的启动器。因此，有利地，在混合动力***中对于内燃机的起动没有与温度相关的下限。
具有混合动力***的机动车通常完全不具有用于内燃机的启动器。取而代之的是，用于驱动机动车的驱动电机也可以用于按照需求启动内燃机，其方式是：将由驱动电机产生的转矩传输到内燃机的曲轴上。但是由此得到如下缺点，即：混合动力***的驱动电机必须一直利用启动器储备而运行，就是说，对于机动车的真正牵引应该借助驱动电机产生的转矩的大小仅仅为：在需要时通过驱动电机可以产生额外的、为产生启动内燃机的机械力矩所需的附加力矩。特别是在柴油发动机的情况下，用于启动的这种附加力矩非常大，从而由此可以在纯电动行驶(即仅通过驱动电机牵引机动车)的情况下出现对性能的非常大的限制。
与之相比，在具有混合动力***的根据本发明的机动车中，有利地，根据一种实施形式，混合动力***的控制装置在没有启动器储备的情况下运行混合驱动的驱动电机。换言之，所规定的最大可由驱动电机产生的驱动力矩与由驱动电机实际产生的用于驱动机动车的驱动力矩之间的差小于用于启动内燃机所需的机械力矩。在需要时、即当内燃机必须被起动时，驱动电机不必自己施加用于起动的机械力矩。这在根据本发明的机动车中由空调设备的电机提供。
但是根据本发明的机动车的另一有利的实施形式，在此通过空调设备的控制装置在压缩机运行期间空调设备的电机同样在不利用启动器储备的情况下运行。就是说，对于电机恰好驱动压缩机并且要求起动内燃机的情况，为启动内燃机而施加的机械力矩在驱动压缩机时是缺少的或不足的。可供用于调节空气和冷却的功率因此短时间地例如在半秒、一秒或两秒内减小。因为机动车内部空间的或高压***的空气调节是一个热力过程，所以这个过程的时间常数相对较大，就是说在内燃机的所述状态下空调设备的短期功率减小是不会被机动车内部空间中的人察觉到的并且也不会影响高压部件。
优选提供一种可控的断联装置，该断联装置被设置用于，根据断联信号暂时将空调设备的电机与压缩机机械断开联接。换言之，电机可以在与压缩机断开联接的状态中运行，从而空调设备的冷却流体在压缩机中不运动。由此得到如下优点，即空调设备的电机也可以单独作为内燃机的启动器而运行，而无需由此运行压缩机。最大可由电机产生的机械功率完全可供启动器运行使用。
通过使电机通过离合装置与内燃机机械联接，电机也可以提供另一功能。相应地，根据本发明的机动车的一种改进方案规定，电机被设计成可作为用于产生电能的发电机而运行。为此必须相应地以已知的方式设计电机的逆变器。电机在这种实施形式中然后设置用于，通过回收获得电能，就是说在与内燃机联接的状态中将机动车的动能通过离合装置由例如内燃机的曲轴传输到电机并在那里转换为电能。附加地或代替地可以规定，内燃机自身产生机械驱动能，该机械驱动能然后通过电机转换为电能。由此然后可以以有利的方式由内燃机的燃料获取电能用以为例如高压车载电网的牵引电池充电。
本发明还涉及一种方法，该方法涉及根据本发明的机动车的那些实施形式，其中高压车载电网和低压车载电网通过DC-DC转换器联接。在此为了保证低压车载电网中的电负载的稳定运行，在根据本发明的方法中，首先确定是否存在对于启动机动车内燃机的需求。这种需求确定本身在与混合动力***相关联的现有技术中已知。在需要时，空调设备的电机通过相应驱动机械的离合装置而与内燃机机械联接。然后通过运行电机以已知的方式启动内燃机。在电机在启动内燃机时的运行期间，通过DC-DC转换器使低压车载电网中的低压电压相对于由电机在高压车载电网中导致的电压振荡断耦联。这例如可以由下述方式实现，即：将半导体开关、例如DC-DC转换器的晶体管切换到阻断状态。也可以规定，借助电压调节器将低压车载电网中的低压电压调整到额定值，由此同样使高压车载电网中的电压振荡不会传递到低压车载电网。
本发明也包括与本发明机动车的改进方案相应的本发明方法的改进方案。由于这个原因下面不再次描述本发明方法的所有根据本发明的改进方案。
当然，根据本发明的方法的一种特别优选的实施形式规定，借助内燃机驱动压缩机。由此得到实现如下运行策略的可能性，这种运行策略可以利用来自内燃机的燃料的能量或者(通过空调设备的电机)利用来自高压车载电网的能量选择性地驱动压缩机。这提供了提高机动车效率的可能性。
该方法的另一特别优选的实施形式规定，电机作为发电机运行用以将电能馈入高压车载电网中。此时空调设备的电机经由离合装置被以机械方式驱动，例如通过内燃机本身或通过机动车的回收运行被以机械方式驱动，并且在此通过电机产生馈入高压车载电网中的电能。
根据本发明的机动车优选构造为汽车，特别是构造为乘用车/轿车。
附图说明
下面再次借助一种具体实施例详细阐述本发明。为此，唯一的附图(图)示出根据本发明的机动车的一种实施形式的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面阐述的实施例是本发明的一种优选实施形式。但是在该实施例中，这种实施形式的所描述的部件分别代表本发明的单个的、可视为相互独立的特征，这些特征各自也相互独立地扩展本发明并由此也可以单个地和以不同于所示组合的组合视为本发明的组成部分。此外所述的实施形式也可以通过本发明的其它已描述特征来补充。
在图中示意性示出机动车10，其例如可以是汽车、例如乘用车。该汽车具有混合动力***(简写为Hybrid-Antrieb)12，该混合动力***包括内燃机或内燃发动机14和驱动电机16、即电气机器。内燃机14和驱动电机16例如可以工作在共同的轴18上，该轴可以构成内燃机14的曲轴和驱动电机16的转子轴。这两个驱动马达14、16可以通过传动装置20以已知的方式与动力传动系22的其余部分以机械的方式联接，驱动装置14、16的驱动力通过其可传递到机动车10的(未示出的)车轮上。内燃机14、驱动电机16和传动装置20可以设计成可通过离合器24选择性地相联接和断开联接。
机动车10此外还具有高压车载电网26，该高压车载电网例如可以具有高压电池28作为电能源。在高压车载电网26上例如可以连接着用于运行驱动电机16的功率电子装置30、即特别是逆变器。在该图中示出了如何能够从高压车载电网26的直流电压高压线路32通过功率电子装置30将一多相交流电压、例如三相交流电压传输到多相交流电压线路34中。
通过直流电压线路32，也可以给机动车10的电的空调压缩机36供应例如来自高压电池28的电能。电的空调压缩机36可以是机动车10的空调设备38的组成部件，通过其可以对例如机动车10的乘员车厢或例如高压电池28和其它高压部件进行空气调节。电的空调压缩机可以包括压缩机40和用于驱动压缩机40的电机42。
电机42的逆变器44可以设置用于将来自直流电压线路32的高压直流电压转换为用于运行电机42的、多相的特别是三相的交流电压。电机42的轴46可以通过离合器46并且可选地也通过皮带或小齿轮48与内燃机14、例如与其曲轴18相联接。
通过DC-DC转换器15可以使低压车载电网52与高压车载电网26联接。高压车载电网26的电压例如可以是400伏，而低压车载电网的电压例如可以是12伏。在低压车载电网42上可以连接着由一个或多个其它电负载组成的集合，这些电负载是低压负载。这个集合包括特别是至少一个与安全相关的负载，例如大灯、电子稳定程序、电转向辅助装置和制动助力器。电转向辅助装置是指如下***，其在施加转向力时支援驾驶员或者当例如机动车10即将与障碍物碰撞而驾驶员没注意到这个情况时自动实施转向干预。
此外该机动车10可以包括(未示出的)充电装置，该充电装置用于通过车辆外部的供电网络、例如具有230伏电压和50赫兹交流频率的网络给高压电池28充电。
机动车10以已知的方式根据当前选择的运行策略以已知的方式要么纯电气地借助驱动电机16来驱动，要么在混合运行中既通过内燃机14也通过驱动电机16来驱动。由此得出，在任何时刻都必须能不损害舒适性地启动内燃机14。但是此时尽管内燃机14的启动器具有很高的电流消耗也必须保证给低压车载电网中的与安全相关的负载54稳定供电。
在机动车10中为此使用电的空调压缩机36作为内燃机14的启动器。该电的空调压缩机36由高压车载电网26馈电并且包括换流器即逆变器44、电机42和用作热泵的压缩机40。基本构思在于，电的空调压缩机36相应于传统的12伏启动***借助离合器46机械地联接到内燃机14并通过已经包含的换流器和电机42作为启动器运行。可提供用于通过空调设备38进行的空气调节和冷却的功率因此在短时间内、例如一秒内降低。因为在此涉及在时间上极缓慢的热力过程，所以这在车辆中是可容许的。此外电机42也可以毫无困难地具有足够的尺寸以用于毫无困难地自身启动大的内燃机14、例如具有200PS额定功率的柴油机。例如具有2千瓦至8千瓦功率的电机42可以毫无困难地通过高压车载电网26供电。特别是在高压空调设备中有这种电机可供使用。
通过DC-DC转换器，在此可以使低压车载电网52与高压车载电网26断开联接。低压车载电网52中也不再需要额外的储能器。此外也不需要用于拆分低压车载电网52的功率半导体，该功率半导体在运行低压启动***时可能是必需的。另一点在于，内燃机14的起动可以在整个温度范围内实施，并因此可以实现全电动行驶性能，特别是在非常低的温度下也可以实现全电动行驶性能，这是因为内燃机14在这种情况下也可以随时选择性地借助电机42进行启动。内燃机14的启动可以理解为内燃机14中点火过程的激活。通过提供两个离合器24，其中一个用于选择性地使内燃机14和驱动电机16联接或断开联接，并且另一个用于选择性地使驱动电机16和动力传动系22联接或断开联接，也可以使混合动力***12既作为串行混合装置又作为并行混合装置而运行。作为串行混合装置，内燃机14和电驱动电机16机械地断开联接，从而内燃机14可以在能量效率特别高的转数下运行并且电功率然后可以借助电机42在离合器46合上的情况下产生，该电功率然后可以馈入高压车载电网26并可以通过功率电子装置30输送到驱动电机16。作为并行混合装置，内燃机14和驱动电机16通过离合器24机械联接，从而内燃机14也直接机械地作用于动力传动系22。
最后必须提到的是，视运行策略而定，用于电的空调压缩机36的功率也可以选择性地由内燃机14(通过离合器46)或者也由高压车载电网26提供，由此又得到用于调节最佳效率的自由度。
对离合器46的控制可以通过控制装置实现，该控制装置例如可以通过控制器实现。功率电子装置30的控制也可以以已知的方式通过混合动力***12的控制器来进行并由此调节由驱动电机16产生的机械功率。
总之因此示出，如何通过本发明可以将电的高压空调压缩机用作混合动力***的起动***，以便由此保证机动车的低压车载电网中的与安全相关的负载的稳定运行，并且同时无需单独的启动器即可实现。高压压缩机的使用因此得到节省了单独的启动器和同时具有稳定的低压车载电网的协作效果。

Claims (10)

1.一种机动车(10)，具有用于驱动所述机动车(10)的内燃机(14)并具有空调设备(38)，所述空调设备包括电机(42)，所述电机被设置用于驱动所述空调设备(38)的用于压缩冷却流体的压缩机(40)，其中，可控的离合装置(46)被设置用于根据控制信号机械联接所述空调设备(38)的电机(42)与所述内燃机(14)，所述电机(42)被设置用于在与所述内燃机(14)相联接的状态中作为电启动器驱动所述内燃机(14)以启动内燃机(14)，
其特征在于，
所述机动车(10)具有高压车载电网(26)和低压车载电网(52)，所述空调设备(38)的电机(42)的逆变器(44)被设置用于直接利用所述高压车载电网(26)的高压电压运行所述电机(42)，至少一个低压电负载(54)为了供电而连接在所述低压车载电网(52)上。
2.根据权利要求1的机动车(10)，其中，所述低压车载电网(52)通过DC-DC转换器(50)与所述高压车载电网(26)联接。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项的机动车(10)，其中，所述内燃机(14)是混合动力***(12)的组成部分，该混合动力***具有被设计用于驱动所述机动车(10)的驱动电机(16)。
4.根据权利要求3的机动车(10)，其中，所述混合动力***(12)的控制装置被设置用于，在没有对于产生用于启动所述内燃机(14)的机械力矩所必需的启动器储备的条件下运行所述混合动力***(12)的驱动电机(16)，从而使所规定的最大能由驱动电机(16)产生的驱动力矩与由所述驱动电机(16)产生的用于驱动机动车(10)的实际驱动力矩之间的差小于用于启动所述内燃机(14)所需的机械力矩。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的机动车(10)，其中，所述空调设备(38)的控制装置被设置用于在没有启动器储备的条件下运行所述空调设备(38)的电机(42)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的机动车(10)，其中，设有可控的断联装置，该断联装置被设置用于根据断联信号使所述空调设备(38)的所述电机(42)与所述压缩机(40)机械地暂时断开联接。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的机动车(10)，其中，所述电机(42)被设计成能作为发电机运行以产生电能，其中，所述电机(42)被设置用于，在通过所述离合装置(46)与所述内燃机(14)相联接的状态中通过在所述机动车(10)减速时回收所述机动车(10)的动能而产生电能和/或从由所述内燃机(14)产生的机械驱动能产生电能。
8.一种用于运行根据权利要求2至7中任一项的机动车(10)的方法，该方法具有以下步骤：
-确定用于启动内燃机(14)的需求，和
-在需要的情况下通过控制机械离合装置(46)而使电机(42)与所述内燃机(14)相联接，运行所述电机(42)，并由此启动内燃机(14)，
其特征在于，
在所述电机(42)在启动内燃机(14)时的运行期间，通过DC-DC转换器(50)使低压车载电网(52)中的低压电压相对于由所述电机(42)在高压车载电网(26)中导致的电压振荡断耦联。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，该方法还具有如下步骤：借助所述内燃机(14)驱动压缩机(40)。
10.根据权利要求8或9的方法，其中，空调设备(38)的所述电机(42)经由所述离合装置(46)被机械驱动，此时通过所述电机(42)产生电能，该电能被馈入所述机动车(10)的所述高压车载电网(26)中。
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