CN105450215B - A kind of coincidence measurement system and method - Google Patents
A kind of coincidence measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105450215B CN105450215B CN201510761108.7A CN201510761108A CN105450215B CN 105450215 B CN105450215 B CN 105450215B CN 201510761108 A CN201510761108 A CN 201510761108A CN 105450215 B CN105450215 B CN 105450215B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K23/00—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains
- H03K23/40—Gating or clocking signals applied to all stages, i.e. synchronous counters
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Abstract
This application provides a kind of coincidence measurement system and method, the system includes：Pulse signals carry out the carry chain latch module of carry chain latch and coding；The code correction module of error correction is carried out to coding；Encoding after error correction is converted to the decoding module of temporal information into row decoding；After initial signal, which screens module, is screened in pulse signal to initial signal, the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal that are recorded according to counting module and the time computing module according to the carefully counts value calculating stop signal that temporal information obtains relative to the relative time values of initial signal；Compared with relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet successful coincidence measurement module.The system carries out carry chain latch and coding by using carry chain latch module pulse signals, that realizes ps levels meets precision, random signals probability caused by the background noise of photon, the dark counting of detector and afterpulse etc. can be effectively reduced, improves measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to coincidence measurement technical field, more particularly to a kind of coincidence measurement system and method.
Background technology
Coincidence measurement is a kind of e measurement technology of multipath concurrence event detection, and it is widely used in nuclear physics, universe is penetrated
The field such as line and quantum optices.In coincidence measurement field, especially in quantum optices, coincidence measurement is easily made an uproar by background
The influence of sound, dark counting and afterpulse etc., people propose higher requirement to coincidence measurement precision.
It is currently based on FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array) and realizes and meets
The design method of counter is most of to be realized using the programmable delay line and FPGA internal samples of external chip, more
Road signal screens out initial signal by high speed OR gate, the coincidence gate during then being met by programmable delay line control
Width, the coincidence gate broad pulse of output is input to FPGA and is used to handle, while multiple signals are also entered into FPGA, are led to per road signal
Cross d type flip flop from sample or sampled by the high frequency clock synchronous with input signal, if these passages meet it is defeated
Go out effectively, expression detects validity event.
However, the coincidence counting device realized based on programmable delay line design meets gate-width mainly by delay chip control
System, because the reference time delay of delay chip is limited, therefore user is also restricted for meeting the controlled range of gate-width, and
Clock frequency of the coincidence measurement precision of this design method depending on FPGA internal samples, and the clock frequency inside FPGA
It is limited, therefore measurement accuracy is low, can not meet people's demand.
The content of the invention
In view of this, this application provides a kind of coincidence measurement system and method, in terms of overcoming of the prior art meet
Number device measurement accuracy are low, the problem of can not meeting people's demand.
To achieve the above object, this application provides following technical scheme：
A kind of coincidence measurement system, including：
Multichannel carry chain latch module, for carrying out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal；
Multiplex coding correction module, the coding for being exported to the multichannel carry chain latch module carry out code correction,
Obtain the coding after multichannel error correction；
Multichannel decoding module, for the coding after the multichannel error correction to be entered into row decoding, be converted to temporal information；
Initial signal screens module, for multichannel arteries and veins described in the information discriminating that is exported according to the multiplex coding correction module
The initial signal rushed in signal；
Counting module, for recording the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal；
Time computing module, initial signal is arrived for being screened when initial signal examination module in the multiplex pulse signal
Afterwards, obtained according to the thick count value of counting module record and according to the temporal information corresponding thin with the thick count value
Count value, relative time values of the stop signal relative to the initial signal are calculated；
Coincidence measurement module, compared with the relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to accord with
Synthesize work(.
Preferably, the system also includes：Pulsewidth Shaping Module, for entering in the multiplex pulse signal into the multichannel
Pulsewidth shaping is carried out before the chain latch module of position.
Preferably, the code correction module includes：Logical operation module and correction module, wherein,
The logical operation module, emitted for having in the coding for meeting initial conditions that exports carry chain latch module
Each of bubble property carries out logic or operation with the numerical value of 1 or some higher than oneself with non-bubbling property in itself；
The correction module, for when the result of logical operation module progress logic or operation is 1, correcting the position
Be encoded to 1.
Preferably, the decoding module is specifically used for the coding after the error correction is entered into row decoding using two points of summations,
Be converted to temporal information.
Preferably, the initial signal, which screens module, includes the first examination module and the second examination module, wherein,
Described first screens module, for it judge to obtain when the information exported according to the multiplex coding correction module described in
When multiplex pulse signal is periodic signal, using the pulse signal reached at first as initial signal, if not examined meeting in gate-width
Stop signal is measured, then abandons this time measuring, finds next initial signal again；
Described second screens module, for it judge to obtain when the information exported according to the multiplex coding correction module described in
When multiplex pulse signal is random signal, relative time delay and minimum with other interchannels are chosen, and the pulse letter reached at first
Number it is used as initial signal.
Preferably, the time computing module be calculated the stop signal relative to the initial signal it is relative when
Between the formula that is worth be：
Δ T=coarse_cnt*Tclk+fine_data*Tbin,
Wherein, coarse_cnt represents the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal, and fine_data is represented
The carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value obtained according to the temporal information, TclkRepresent the clock cycle latched, Tbin
Represent the delay of a carry chain.
Preferably, the coincidence measurement module is specifically used for, when the relative time values meet gate-width less than described in, then
Judgement this time meets success.
A kind of coincidence measurement method, including：
Carry chain latch and coding are carried out to the data of multiplex pulse signal；
Error correction is carried out to the coding of the multiplex pulse signal, obtains the coding after multichannel error correction；
Coding after the multichannel error correction is entered into row decoding, is converted to temporal information；
After being screened in the multiplex pulse signal to initial signal, record between the initial signal and stop signal
Thick count value, and carefully counts value corresponding with the thick count value is obtained by the temporal information, described stop is calculated
Stop signal relative to the initial signal relative time values；
Compared with the relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet success.
Preferably, this method also includes：Carried out before the multiplex pulse signal carries out carry chain latch and coding
Pulsewidth shaping.
Preferably, the coding to the multiplex pulse signal, which carries out error correction, includes：
In the coding that initial conditions will be met with bubbling property each in itself with being higher than with non-bubbling property
Oneself numerical value of 1 or some carries out logic or operation；
When the logic or the result of operation are 1, that corrects this is encoded to 1.
Preferably, the coding by after the multichannel error correction enters row decoding, and being converted to temporal information includes：
The coding after the error correction is entered into row decoding using two points of summations, is converted to temporal information.
Preferably, the method that initial signal is screened in multiplex pulse signal specifically includes：
When the multiplex pulse signal is periodic signal, using the pulse signal reached at first as initial signal, if
Meet and stop signal is not detected by gate-width, then abandon this time measuring, find next initial signal again；
When the multiplex pulse signal is random signal, relative time delay and minimum with other interchannels are chosen, and most
The pulse signal first reached is as initial signal.
Preferably, it is described that formula of the stop signal relative to the relative time values of the initial signal is calculated
For：
Δ T=coarse_cnt*Tclk+fine_data*Tbin,
Wherein, coarse_cnt represents the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal, and fine_data is represented
The carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value obtained according to the temporal information, TclkRepresent the clock cycle latched, Tbin
Represent the delay of a carry chain.
Preferably, it is described by the relative time values with setting meet gate-width compared with, judge whether to meet success
Including：
When the relative time values meet gate-width less than described in, then judge this time to meet success.
From above technical scheme, this application provides a kind of coincidence measurement system and method, the system includes：Multichannel
Carry chain latch module, for carrying out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal；Multiplex coding error correction mould
Block, the coding for being exported to the multichannel carry chain latch module carry out code correction, obtain the coding after multichannel error correction；It is more
Road decoding module, for the coding after the multichannel error correction to be entered into row decoding, be converted to temporal information；Initial signal screens mould
Block, for the initial signal in multiplex pulse signal described in the information discriminating that is exported according to the multiplex coding correction module；Meter
Digital-to-analogue block, for recording the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal；Time computing module, for when starting letter
Number screen module is screened in the multiplex pulse signal to after initial signal, according to counting module record thick count value, and
Carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value is obtained according to temporal information, the stop signal is calculated relative to described
The relative time values of beginning signal；Coincidence measurement module, compared with the relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set,
Judge whether to meet success.The system carries out carry by using multichannel carry chain latch module to the data of multiplex pulse signal
Chain latch and coding, can realize ps levels meets precision, can effectively be reduced in Experiments of Optics photon background noise,
The probability of random signals caused by the dark counting of detector and afterpulse etc., therefore measurement accuracy is largely improved, it is full
The demand of sufficient people.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
The embodiment of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
The accompanying drawing of offer obtains other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation for coincidence measurement system that the embodiment of the present application one provides；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation for coincidence measurement system that the embodiment of the present application two provides；
Fig. 3 is coincidence measurement process and the structure chart interacted with PC；
Fig. 4 is the oscillogram of switching initial signal during coincidence measurement；
Fig. 5 is a kind of flow chart for coincidence measurement method that the embodiment of the present application three provides；
Fig. 6 is a kind of flow chart for coincidence measurement method that the embodiment of the present application four provides.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
To overcome coincidence counting device measurement accuracy of the prior art low, the problem of people's demand can not be met, the application
A kind of coincidence measurement system and method is provided, concrete scheme is as described below：
Embodiment one
The embodiment of the present application one provides a kind of coincidence measurement system, is carried as shown in figure 1, Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present application one
A kind of structural representation of the coincidence measurement system supplied.The coincidence measurement system includes：It is multichannel carry chain latch module 101, more
Road code correction module 102, multichannel decoding module 103, initial signal screen module 104, counting module 105, time calculating mould
Block 106 and coincidence measurement module 107, wherein, carry chain latch module, code correction module and decoding module are to correspond
, three collectively forms signal path all the way, multichannel carry chain latch module, multiplex coding correction module and multichannel decoding module
Multiple signals path is collectively formed, specifically, can be set before carrying out the measurements according to being actually needed, it is necessary to meet a few road pulses
Signal, then several signals path (or Measurement channel) is set, for example, if necessary to 4 road pulse signals of measurement, then 4 tunnels are set
Signal path, it is not limited in this application, 3 road signal paths is illustrated in Fig. 1, merely to vivider explanation, and simultaneously
It is not limited to 3 tunnels.In addition, all signal paths, which share an initial signal, screens module to screen rising in a few road pulse signals
Beginning signal.Counting module can only set one to detect the spacing of at least one stop signal and initial signal in multiple signals
From thick count value, it can also be provided that number corresponding with the way of signal path, wherein, screen module with initial signal and discriminate
Corresponding counting module detects the time point that the initial signal reaches to the initial signal being clipped to all the way, and the detection of remaining counting module is each
The time point that self-corresponding stop signal reaches, then several counting modules at least one stop signal is calculated jointly with rising
The thick count value of distance between beginning signal.
Multichannel carry chain latch module 101, for carrying out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal；
In this application, carry chain lock is carried out to multiplex pulse signal using multichannel carry chain latch module respectively first
Deposit, then the data of each carry unit are encoded, obtain binary sequence.Specifically, the number of carry chain latch module
Amount determines according to actual Measurement channel quantity.
Multiplex coding correction module 102, the coding for being exported to multichannel carry chain latch module carry out code correction, obtained
Coding to after multichannel error correction；
Specifically, the application, which can be regarded as one kind, is based on TDC (Time-to-Digital Converter, time figure
Converter) circuit coincidence measurement system.Traditional TDC after registers latch with regard to directly having carried out coding and decoding process, so
And it would generally influence to cause coding error (to become to carry due to factors such as the metastable states of circuit transmission process in latching process
The coding of bubbling, coding be not continuous 0 or it is continuous 1), and this coding carries signal transmittance process in carry chain
In delayed data, have a great impact for TDC measurement accuracy, thus to the coding carry out error correction can improve measurement essence
Degree.The TDC circuits used in the application add code correction circuit relative to traditional TDC circuits, improve to a certain extent
TDC measurement accuracy, and then improve the precision of coincidence measurement.
In this application, code correction module includes：Logical operation module and correction module, wherein, logical operation module,
For each in the coding for meeting initial conditions that exports carry chain latch module with bubbling property in itself with
Numerical value of 1 or some higher than oneself of non-bubbling property carries out logic or operation；Correction module, for when logical operation mould
When block progress logic or the result of operation are 1, that corrects this is encoded to 1.So it is easy to two points of summations of later use to calculate 1
Number, so as to accurately calculating the time.
Multichannel decoding module 103, for the coding after multichannel error correction to be entered into row decoding, be converted to temporal information；By carry
The binary sequence that chain latch module is encoded to obtain simply have recorded level shape of the signal in carry chain in transmitting procedure
State, it would be desirable to the value of this record is entered into row decoding by decoding module and is converted to the binary value that can be used for calculating, is compiled
1 number is the series that signal passes through carry chain in code, it is therefore desirable to calculates in the coding 1 number.
Initial signal screens module 104, for the information discriminating multiplex pulse letter exported according to multiplex coding correction module
Initial signal in number；
On the basis of coincidence measurement is typically the signal for screening module to reach initial signal at first, meet gate-width in setting
The interior other input signals of capture, it is therefore desirable to enter start of line examination in real time to all input signals.
The effect that initial signal screens module judges that the signal of which passage is most first, then with most first
As initial signal, and start to start measurement, the signal of other passages is all off signal.
Counting module 105, for the thick count value between record start signal and stop signal；
In this application, counting module can record the delay data between each stop signal and initial signal, immediately
Clock periodicity of the clock when each passage stop signal arrives is as thick count value.
Time computing module 106, initial signal is arrived for being screened when initial signal examination module in multiplex pulse signal
Afterwards, carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value is obtained according to the thick count value of counting module record and according to temporal information,
Relative time values of the stop signal relative to initial signal are calculated；
Obtained and thick count value relative to the phase relation (i.e. temporal information) of clock according to the signal that decoding module obtains
The phase difference that corresponding internal clocking determines, i.e., the information in carry chain latch module is as carefully counts value.Time computing module
The thick count value recorded according to counting module and the carefully counts value corresponding with thick count value obtained by decoding module calculate
Time difference between each stop signal and initial signal, i.e. relative time values.
Coincidence measurement module 107, compared with relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet
Success.
Each channel signal is compared relative to the time difference of initial signal with the gate-width that meets set, if less than meeting
Gate-width, then the channel signal at least occur once meeting in gate-width, if greater than gate-width is met, then the channel signal is meeting
Do not occur in gate-width.
From above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application one provides a kind of coincidence measurement system, including：Multichannel carry
Chain latch module, for carrying out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal；Multiplex coding correction module, use
Code correction is carried out in the coding exported to multichannel carry chain latch module, obtains the coding after multichannel error correction；Multichannel decodes mould
Block, for the coding after multichannel error correction to be entered into row decoding, be converted to temporal information；Initial signal screens module, for according to more
Initial signal in the information discriminating multiplex pulse signal of road code correction module output；Counting module, believe for record start
Thick count value number between stop signal；Time computing module, for screening module in multiplex pulse signal when initial signal
It is middle to screen to after initial signal, obtained and the thick count value according to the thick count value of counting module record and according to temporal information
Corresponding carefully counts value, relative time values of the stop signal relative to initial signal are calculated；Coincidence measurement module, for inciting somebody to action
Compared with relative time values meet gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet success.The system is by using multichannel carry chain
Latch module carries out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal, and can realize ps levels meets precision, in light
Random signals caused by the background noise of photon, the dark counting of detector and afterpulse etc. can effectively be reduced by learning in experiment
Probability, therefore largely improve measurement accuracy, meet the needs of people.
Embodiment two
On the basis of embodiment one, the embodiment of the present application two provides a kind of more specifically coincidence measurement system, such as Fig. 2
Shown, Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation for coincidence measurement system that the embodiment of the present application two provides.The system includes：Pulsewidth is whole
Shape module 201, multichannel carry chain latch module 202, multiplex coding correction module 203, multichannel decoding module 204, initial signal
Module 205, counting module 206, time computing module 207, coincidence measurement module 208 are screened, wherein,
Pulsewidth Shaping Module 201, for carrying out pulsewidth before multiplex pulse signal enters multichannel carry chain latch module
Shaping；
Signal is all to be sent directly into carry chain latch module generally when TDC is measured, but the pulsewidth of signal, carry chain
Relation between length and the frequency of latch clock would generally influence time measurement, may when the pulsewidth of input signal is narrower
The situation that leakage can be caused to lock；When input signal is wider, it may result in and be repeatedly latched into same signal, therefore the application exists
The pulsewidth integer of signal is added before carrying out TDC measurements, ensures that the width of pulsewidth is slightly larger than the length of carry chain.
Specifically, in this application, pulsewidth Shaping Module can directly select d type flip flop, certainly, unlimited in this application
Surely d type flip flop is used.
Multichannel carry chain latch module 202, for carrying out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal；
Wherein, carry chain is the unit of FPGA internal delay time very littles, and temperature drift characteristic is good.By multiple carry chain head and the tail phases
Delay unit is even formed, when signal passes through carry chain, due to the characteristic of delay, the output state of each carry is not at different moments
With (level 0 or level 1).Pass through the state in registers latch carry, it can be deduced that one section of coding, such as 000111 ...
111 ... 000, the main purpose of the module is to record each input signal within a period of time every a clock cycle
Level state, but be not required for each level state is us, when the level that the rising edge for capturing signal latches
State (level 1) is only valuable, so obtains phase relation of the signal relative to clock for the ease of follow-up decoding.
Multiplex coding correction module 203, the coding for being exported to multichannel carry chain latch module carry out code correction, obtained
Coding to after multichannel error correction；
Specifically, because the metastable state during registers latch causes coding not to be continuous 0 or continuous 1, such as
00011011 ... 100111, it is true that this coding with bubbling (Bubble) does not reflect that signal transmits in carry chain
Process, it is therefore desirable to carry out code correction.Embodiment is that will have bubbling property in the coding for meeting initial conditions
Each carries out logic or operation with the numerical value of 1 or some higher than oneself with non-bubbling property in itself, if result
For 1, then this position is corrected as 1.Because it is considered that when signal reaches, the level state of this carry is 1, for being latched into letter
Number rising edge for, if rearward in itself (i.e. higher than the position) logic state be 1, then the logic state of itself also should
Should be 1.This addresses the problem the metastable issues during registers latch, transmitted in carry chain so as to reflecting signal
Real processes.Specifically, firstly the need of initial conditions are judged, if starting to start timing for initial conditions with 111, when result is
When 111000100100 (sequence is described as big-endian by left-to-right, with the 0th bit identification lowest order, by that analogy), go out
Existing bubbling is 1001 and 10001, i.e., the 3rd, 4,6,7,8 in sequence has bubbling property.According to code correction principle, to
High-order searching 1 with non-bubbling property carries out logical operation.For example, the 3rd with bubbling property is 0, to the 3rd
A high position finds next 1, and it is 1 to find and obtain the 5th with non-bubbling property, i.e., the 3rd and the 5th is carried out into logic or behaviour
Make, and result is assigned to the 3rd, now the 3rd result is corrected as 1, and principle, finally can then be corrected as according to this
111111111100, do not start timing if the situation that starting is unsatisfactory for continuous 31.
Multichannel decoding module 204, for the coding after multichannel error correction to be entered into row decoding, be converted to temporal information；
In this application, decoding module is specifically used for the coding after error correction is entered into row decoding using two points of summations, changes
For temporal information.
, only need to can be real with gate circuit using simple adder because the interpretation method is using two points of summations
Existing, time complexity is O (log2N) (N is the length of carry chain), has speed fast, takes the advantages that resource is few.It is specific real
Existing method is that above-mentioned coding is divided into some units by every two first, respectively by the odd bits of each unit and even bit phase
Superposition, a high position mend 0；Then some units are divided into by every four, respectively by each unit low two be added with high two, it is high-order
Mend 0；According to such method successively two points summation, until the coding can not two points for only.Such as sixteen bit is encoded to 16 '
B0000_0111_1111_1111, first odd bits and the split-phase of even bit two are added to obtain 16 ' b0000_0110_1010_1010,
Then 16 ' b0000_0011_0100_0100 are obtained by every four two points of summations, then obtains 16 ' by every eight two points of summations
B0000_0011_0000_1000, then divide summation to obtain 16 ' b0000_0000_0000_1011 by every sixteen bit two, be to this
Only can not be two points, therefore final result is 16 ' b0000_0000_0000_1011, it is 11 to be converted into the decimal system, according to
Original coding understand the coding have really 11 1, N positions coding can with the like.
Initial signal screens module 205, for the information discriminating multiplex pulse letter exported according to multiplex coding correction module
Initial signal in number；
The input signal of coincidence measurement is often random, and the signal for reaching initial signal examination module at first is to meet survey
The original position of amount, then all reached in certain other signals in gate-width that meet, then it is assumed that be once to meet, it is therefore desirable to discriminate
Initial signal of the signal not reached at first as measurement.Specific implementation be when the head that be latched into carry chain for 11 simultaneously
And afterbody, when being 00, and signal reaches earliest, then it is assumed that the signal is initial signal.
In this application, initial signal, which screens module, includes the first examination module and the second examination module, wherein, first discriminates
Other module, for when the information exported according to multiplex coding correction module judge to obtain multiplex pulse signal as periodic signal when,
Using the pulse signal reached at first as initial signal, if being not detected by stop signal in gate-width meeting, abandon this time surveying
Amount, finds next initial signal again；
Second screens module, for judging to obtain multiplex pulse signal when the information exported according to multiplex coding correction module
For random signal when, choose with the relative time delay and minimum of other interchannels, and the pulse signal reached at first is believed as starting
Number.
The effect that initial signal screens module judges that the signal of which passage is most first, then with most first
As initial signal, and start to start measurement, the signal of other passages is all off signal.
Counting module 206, for the thick count value between record start signal and stop signal；
In this application, counting module can record the delay data between each stop signal and initial signal, immediately
Clock periodicity of the clock when each passage stop signal arrives is as thick count value coarse_cnt.
Time computing module 207, initial signal is arrived for being screened when initial signal examination module in multiplex pulse signal
Afterwards, phase of the stop signal relative to initial signal is calculated according to the thick count value of counting module record and according to temporal information
To time value；
Initial signal is arrived when screening, starts counting module, often captures a stop signal then current thick count value
Coarse_cnt is preserved, and when capturing all stop signals or having exceeded the coincidence gate wide scope of setting, is then stopped
Count.Thick count value coarse_cnt that time computing module records according to counting module and obtained by decoding module with it is thick
Carefully counts value fine_data corresponding to count value coarse_cnt and carry chain latch module latch clock cycle Tclk, enter
Position chain delay TbinThe time difference between each stop signal and initial signal, i.e. relative time values is calculated.Wherein, carefully
Count value fine_data is that the signal obtained according to decoding module obtains relative to the phase relation of clock, with thick count value
The corresponding phase difference determined by internal clocking.
Specifically, relative time values of the stop signal relative to the initial signal are calculated in time computing module
Δ T formula is：
Δ T=coarse_cnt*Tclk+fine_data*Tbin,
Wherein, coarse_cnt represents the thick count value between initial signal and stop signal, and fine_data represents basis
The carefully counts value corresponding with thick count value that temporal information in decoding module obtains, TclkRepresent the lock of carry chain latch module
The clock cycle deposited, TbinRepresent the delay of a carry chain.Specifically, TclkAnd TbinIt is constant fixed in system.
Coincidence measurement module 208, compared with relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet
Success.
Each channel signal is compared relative to the time difference of initial signal with the gate-width that meets set, if less than meeting
Gate-width, then the channel signal at least occur once meeting in gate-width, such as larger than meet gate-width, then the channel signal is in coincidence gate
Do not occur in width.As shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is coincidence measurement process and the structure chart interacted with PC.Wherein, TDC module sections bag
Include multichannel carry chain latch module 202 described in the embodiment of the present application, multiplex coding correction module 203, multichannel decoding module
204th, initial signal screens module 205, counting module 206, the part of time computing module more than 207.When the signal phase of all passages
It is less than the coincidence gate width values of PC settings for the time difference of initial signal, then this time meets success, and coincidence counting device counts
Once, the temporal information in the count value and measurement process of coincidence measurement is uploaded to PC by Ethernet and supplies customer analysis.
It should be noted that coincidence measurement module 208 can pre-set coincidence gate width values, PC ginseng is not needed when reality measures
With i.e. PC belongs to auxiliary equipment, is not the necessary component of coincidence measurement system of the present invention.
As shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 is the oscillogram of switching initial signal during coincidence measurement.Because signal sig1 is most arrived first
Reach, therefore signal sig1 is using as the initial signal of this coincidence measurement, other signals are as stop signal, when meeting gate-width
Do not detect stop signal inside, then abandon this time measuring, find next initial signal, can be calculated finally by TDC modules
Go out time difference of the stop signal relative to signal sig1, if the time difference all in the range of gate-width is met, meets success.
The system is applicable not only to the coincidence measurement of periodic signal, is applied equally to the coincidence measurement of random signal, with
The difficult point of the coincidence measurement of machine signal is the original position that can not accurately judge coincidence measurement, but needs selection and other
The relative time delay of interchannel and signal that is minimum and reaching at first are as initial signal, although as shown in figure 4, being examined at the T1 moment
Measured initial signal, but can not be using the T1 moment as coincidence measurement original position because T2 time-ofday signals sig1 with
The relative time delay of other passages and smaller, thus the T2 moment be only the original position of coincidence measurement.Specific implementation method is will be every
The latch flag bit for latching flag bit and previous moment at moment by turn mutually with if end product and the latch mark of previous moment
Will position is identical, then should switch the original position of coincidence measurement.That is, a lock can be produced when judging input pulse rising edge
Flag bit is deposited, a latch flag bit can be produced again when next pulse produces, when the latch mark of next pulses generation
When position is identical with the latch flag bit of a upper pulses generation, then it is believed that needing to switch the original position of coincidence measurement.For example,
It is 100 when upper 3 passages of a pulse latched S1S2S3 respectively, wherein, S1 is starting passage, and next pulse 3 is logical
Road also latched respectively S1S2S3 for 100 when, then switch coincidence measurement original position.
The coincidence measurement is also added into the coincidence measurement processing to random signal, can adapt to the random of different repetition rates
The coincidence measurement of signal.
Gone out by the coincidence measurement systematic survey based on TDC circuits between passage and meet relation, and pass through coincidence counting
Mode show, due to having drawn the phase relation between each passage during meeting, therefore can will be each per the moment
The position relationship of passage is conveyed to user by network interface, in order to preferably analyze the time phase between each passage optical signal
Guan Xing.
It should be noted that in this application, embodiment one can mutual coherent with two same or analogous place of embodiment
Examine, repeat no more in this application.
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of low cost, high accuracy, scalability good multichannel coincidence measurement system,
It, which can flexibly be set, meets gate-width, and the adjustable extent for meeting gate-width is bigger, it is possible to achieve from ps levels to ms levels
Measurement range, as long as programming device has enough resources in theory, what the adjustable extent that meets gate-width can be infinitely
Expand, therefore go for most coincidence measurement occasion, there is good versatility, and the number of Measurement channel can
According to circumstances to increase and decrease.The master controller of the design is FPGA, and the precision of coincidence measurement depends on FPGA internal carry chains
Minimum delay, usual measurement accuracy is ps levels.The design can not only effectively reduce the background noise due to photon,
Random signals caused by the factor such as the dark counting of detector and afterpulse, additionally it is possible to when recording in real time in each input channel
Between distribution character and each interchannel relative time delay contrast, and can be uploaded to by Ethernet interface on PC for user carry out
The advanced purposes such as profound level, multidimensional, correlation, correlation analysis, the other information implied in experimental data is excavated, is realized to reality
Test making full use of for data resource.
Embodiment three
On the basis of embodiment one, the embodiment of the present application three provides a kind of coincidence measurement method, as shown in figure 5, Fig. 5
A kind of flow chart of the coincidence measurement method provided for the embodiment of the present application three.This method includes：
S301：Carry chain latch and coding are carried out to the data of multiplex pulse signal；
S302：Error correction is carried out to the coding of multiplex pulse signal, obtains the coding after multichannel error correction；
S303：Coding after multichannel error correction is entered into row decoding, is converted to temporal information；
S304：After being screened in multiplex pulse signal to initial signal, between record start signal and stop signal
Thick count value, and passage time information obtains carefully counts value corresponding with thick count value, stop signal is calculated relative to rising
The relative time values of beginning signal；
S305：Compared with relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet success.
Specifically, repeating no more in the present embodiment, embodiment one and the appropriate section of embodiment two are can be found in detail.
Example IV
On the basis of embodiment two, the embodiment of the present application four provides a kind of corresponding coincidence measurement method, such as
Shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 6 is a kind of flow chart for coincidence measurement method that the embodiment of the present application four provides.This method includes：
S401：Pulsewidth shaping is carried out to multiplex pulse signal；
S402：Carry chain latch and coding are carried out to the data of the multiplex pulse signal after progress pulsewidth shaping；
S403：Error correction is carried out to the coding of multiplex pulse signal, obtains the coding after multichannel error correction；
In this application, the coding progress error correction to multiplex pulse signal includes：
In the coding that initial conditions will be met with bubbling property each in itself with being higher than with non-bubbling property
Oneself numerical value of 1 or some carries out logic or operation；
When logic or the result of operation are 1, that corrects this is encoded to 1.
S404：Coding after multichannel error correction is entered into row decoding, is converted to temporal information；
Coding after the multichannel error correction is entered into row decoding, being converted to temporal information includes：
The coding after the error correction is entered into row decoding using two points of summations, is converted to temporal information.
S405：After being screened in multiplex pulse signal to initial signal, between record start signal and stop signal
Thick count value, and passage time information obtains carefully counts value corresponding with thick count value, stop signal is calculated relative to rising
The relative time values of beginning signal；
In this application, the method that initial signal is screened in multiplex pulse signal specifically includes：
When multiplex pulse signal is periodic signal, using the pulse signal reached at first as initial signal, if meeting
Stop signal is not detected by gate-width, then abandons this time measuring, finds next initial signal again；
When multiplex pulse signal is random signal, relative time delay and minimum with other interchannels are chosen, and most arrive first
The pulse signal reached is as initial signal.
The stop signal is calculated is relative to the formula of the relative time values of the initial signal：
Δ T=coarse_cnt*Tclk+fine_data*Tbin,
Wherein, coarse_cnt represents the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal, and fine_data is represented
The carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value obtained according to temporal information, TclkRepresent the clock cycle latched, TbinRepresent
The delay of one carry chain.
S406：Compared with relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet success.
Specifically, the process includes：When relative time values meet gate-width less than described in, then judge this time to meet success,
Otherwise, meet unsuccessful.
Specifically, repeating no more in the present embodiment, embodiment one and the appropriate section of embodiment two are can be found in detail.
From above technical scheme, the coincidence measurement method that the embodiment of the present application three and example IV are provided, by
Carry chain latch and coding are carried out in the data to multiplex pulse signal, realize ps levels meets precision, in Experiments of Optics
In can effectively reduce the general of random signals caused by the background noise of photon, the dark counting of detector and afterpulse etc.
Rate, therefore measurement accuracy is largely improved, meet the needs of people.
Finally, it is to be noted that, herein, such as first and second or the like relational terms be used merely to by
One entity or operation make a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply these entities or operation
Between any this actual relation or order be present.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant meaning
Covering including for nonexcludability, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only include that
A little key elements, but also the other element including being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, article or
The intrinsic key element of equipment.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence "including a ...", is not arranged
Except other identical element in the process including the key element, method, article or equipment being also present.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, what each embodiment stressed be and other
The difference of embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are enable to realize or using the application.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments in the case where not departing from spirit herein or scope.Therefore, the application
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (12)
- A kind of 1. coincidence measurement system, it is characterised in that including：Multichannel carry chain latch module, for carrying out carry chain latch and coding to the data of multiplex pulse signal；Multiplex coding correction module, the coding for being exported to the multichannel carry chain latch module carry out code correction, obtained Coding after multichannel error correction；Multichannel decoding module, for the coding after the multichannel error correction to be entered into row decoding, be converted to temporal information；Initial signal screens module, believes for multiplex pulse described in the information discriminating that export according to the multiplex coding correction module Initial signal in number；Counting module, for recording the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal；Time computing module, for when initial signal screen module screened in the multiplex pulse signal to initial signal after, The thick count value that is recorded according to the counting module and obtained and described thick count value is corresponding carefully counts according to the temporal information Numerical value, relative time values of the stop signal relative to the initial signal are calculated；Coincidence measurement module, compared with the relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet into Work(；Wherein, the stop signal is calculated relative to the relative time values of the initial signal in the time computing module Formula is：Δ T=coarse_cnt*Tclk+fine_data*Tbin,Wherein, coarse_cnt represents the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal, and fine_data represents basis The carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value that the temporal information obtains, TclkRepresent the clock cycle latched, TbinRepresent The delay of one carry chain.
- 2. coincidence measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the system also includes：Pulsewidth Shaping Module, use In the progress pulsewidth shaping before the multiplex pulse signal enters the multichannel carry chain latch module.
- 3. coincidence measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the code correction module includes：Logic is grasped Make module and correction module, wherein,The logical operation module, for there is bubbling in the coding for meeting initial conditions that exports carry chain latch module Each of matter carries out logic or operation with the numerical value of 1 or some higher than oneself with non-bubbling property in itself；The correction module, for when the result of logical operation module progress logic or operation is 1, correcting the volume of this Code is 1.
- 4. coincidence measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the decoding module is specifically used for using two points Coding after the error correction is entered row decoding by summation, is converted to temporal information.
- 5. coincidence measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the initial signal, which screens module, includes first Screen module and second and screen module, wherein,Described first screens module, for judging to obtain the multichannel when the information exported according to the multiplex coding correction module When pulse signal is periodic signal, using the pulse signal reached at first as initial signal, if being not detected by meeting in gate-width Stop signal, then abandon this time measuring, find next initial signal again；Described second screens module, for judging to obtain the multichannel when the information exported according to the multiplex coding correction module When pulse signal is random signal, relative time delay and minimum with other interchannels are chosen, and the pulse signal reached at first is made For initial signal.
- 6. coincidence measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the coincidence measurement module is specifically used for working as institute State relative time values and be less than described when meeting gate-width, then judge this time to meet success.
- A kind of 7. coincidence measurement method, it is characterised in that including：Carry chain latch and coding are carried out to the data of multiplex pulse signal；Error correction is carried out to the coding of the multiplex pulse signal, obtains the coding after multichannel error correction；Coding after the multichannel error correction is entered into row decoding, is converted to temporal information；After being screened in the multiplex pulse signal to initial signal, record thick between the initial signal and stop signal Count value, and carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value is obtained by the temporal information, the stopping letter being calculated Number relative to the initial signal relative time values；Compared with the relative time values are met into gate-width with what is set, judge whether to meet success；Wherein, it is described the stop signal is calculated to be relative to the formula of the relative time values of the initial signal：Δ T=coarse_cnt*Tclk+fine_data*Tbin,Wherein, coarse_cnt represents the thick count value between the initial signal and stop signal, and fine_data represents basis The carefully counts value corresponding with the slightly count value that the temporal information obtains, TclkRepresent the clock cycle latched, TbinRepresent The delay of one carry chain.
- 8. coincidence measurement method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that this method also includes：In the multiplex pulse Signal carries out carrying out pulsewidth shaping before carry chain latch and coding.
- 9. coincidence measurement method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the coding to the multiplex pulse signal Carrying out error correction includes：By each in the coding for meeting initial conditions with bubbling property in itself with non-bubbling property higher than oneself 1 Position or the numerical value of some carry out logic or operation；When the logic or the result of operation are 1, that corrects this is encoded to 1.
- 10. coincidence measurement method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the coding by after the multichannel error correction Enter row decoding, being converted to temporal information includes：The coding after the error correction is entered into row decoding using two points of summations, is converted to temporal information.
- 11. coincidence measurement method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that starting letter is screened in multiplex pulse signal Number method specifically include：When the multiplex pulse signal is periodic signal, using the pulse signal reached at first as initial signal, if meeting Stop signal is not detected by gate-width, then abandons this time measuring, finds next initial signal again；When the multiplex pulse signal is random signal, relative time delay and minimum with other interchannels are chosen, and most arrive first The pulse signal reached is as initial signal.
- 12. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that described by the relative time values and the coincidence gate of setting Width is compared, and judging whether to meet successfully includes：When the relative time values meet gate-width less than described in, then judge this time to meet success.
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| CN106656390B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-10-30 | 武汉中派科技有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring photon time information |
| CN108564634B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2021-10-15 | 东软医疗***股份有限公司 | Method and device for improving time sampling precision |
| CN109272099B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2022-07-15 | 上海星秒光电科技有限公司 | Coincidence counting management method and device |
| CN109238480B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2024-02-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Multiphoton coincidence counting method and device |
| CN109998582B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2022-05-13 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | Coincidence judging and selecting method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN112362928A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-02-12 | 天津大学 | High-precision programmable pulse generation system and method capable of realizing synchronous measurement |
| CN115248454B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2024-01-16 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | Underground pipeline positioning system and method based on electronic identifier |
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