CN105449818B - A kind of charging unit and charging method for tramcar super capacitor - Google Patents
A kind of charging unit and charging method for tramcar super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105449818B CN105449818B CN201511007507.0A CN201511007507A CN105449818B CN 105449818 B CN105449818 B CN 105449818B CN 201511007507 A CN201511007507 A CN 201511007507A CN 105449818 B CN105449818 B CN 105449818B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of charging unit for tramcar super capacitor, include the regulator rectifier circuit of two-way independent operating;Regulator rectifier circuit includes what is be linked in sequence:LCL filter capacitors module, PWM rectifier bridge modules and DC/DC converter modules;DC/DC converter modules are connected by clamp diode with isolating switch cabinet, the output access tramcar ultracapacitor group of isolating switch cabinet;The DC/DC converter modules of two-way regulator rectifier circuit are connected in parallel;The invention also discloses a kind of charging method for tramcar super capacitor, including constant-current charging phase and constant voltage charging phase, after the charging of tramcar super capacitor reaches setting value, constant voltage charging phase is switched to by constant-current charging phase, integration initial value using the integrator output value of electric current pi regulator before switching as voltage PI regulator after switching, realizes two stage seamless switching.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charging unit for tramcar super capacitor, belongs to traffic engineering charging technique neck
Domain.
Background technology
Our times environmental protection, energy problem become increasingly conspicuous, using tramcar conduct of the super capacitor energy-storage as power
A kind of new traffic tool using green clean energy resource, has very big for reply energy crisis and solution problem of environmental pollution
Help, greatly develop it is this cleaning, efficiently, intelligence the vehicles be 21 century inevitable choice.Therefore, how it is being met
Carrying out quick charge to super capacitor in the case of characteristic requirements becomes a major issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.
At present, tramcar charging unit, due to its inherent characteristic, makes mainly using traditional multi-pulse rectification technology
Rectifier there are AC input voltage distortion, the problems such as current harmonic content is high, and output voltage ripple is big, power grid is caused
Harmonic pollution.
When being charged using onstant current voltage limiting to charge mode to super capacitor, constant-current charge is to specified in the case of high current
During voltage status, the situation of undercharge occurs using the charging unit of traditional multi-pulse rectification technology, it is specified charging to
Voltage is by constant current charging method nearby when switching to constant voltage charging method, handoff procedure also inadequate quick and stable.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of filling for tramcar super capacitor
Electric installation, solves technical problem of the rectifier to power grid there are harmonic pollution in the prior art.
To solve the problems of the prior art, adopted provided by the present invention for the charging unit of tramcar super capacitor
Technical solution is:A kind of charging unit for tramcar super capacitor, including primary side are connected with three-phase alternating-current supply
Transformer, the secondary of the transformer is connected with the regulator rectifier circuit of two-way independent operating;The regulator rectifier circuit bag
Include what is be linked in sequence:LCL filter capacitors module, PWM rectifier bridge modules and DC/DC converter modules;The DC/DC converters mould
Block is connected by clamp diode with isolating switch cabinet, the output access tramcar ultracapacitor of the isolating switch cabinet
Group;The DC/DC converter modules of two-way regulator rectifier circuit are connected in parallel;
PWM rectifier bridge module Sample ACs side three-phase voltage, three-phase current are converted through pack, by under three-phase static coordinate system
Of ac be transformed to DC quantity under two-phase rotating coordinate system, realize the decoupling control of watt current and reactive current, pass through
Dq shaft currents component after current oriention and decoupling control is so as to control net side power factor.
The DC/DC converter modules include an IGBT pipe, a diode and an energy storage inductor, the IGBT pipes
Be connected with diodes in reverse series, after the electrical nodes series connection energy storage inductor that IGBT pipes are connected with diode, then with the pincers
Position Diode series connection.
The PWM rectifier bridge modules include three-phase IGBT module and are connected in parallel on the output of three-phase IGBT module DC output end
DC bus capacitor;The IGBT pipes in IGBT pipes and DC/DC converter modules in the three-phase IGBT module are single with control respectively
First signal connection;
The output current of DC/DC converter modules is incorporated into the control of prime PWM rectifier bridge modules by described control unit
In, prime PWM rectifier bridge modules give using 1100V as fixed, and intermediate dc bus capacitance voltage is as feedback, through Voltage loop
Pi regulator is adjusted, and the sum of output current of Voltage loop pi regulator output superposition DC/DC converter modules is used as current inner loop
Given, net side input d shaft currents are adjusted as feeding back through pi regulator, the IGBT pipes in output control three-phase IGBT module
Break-make, by the implementation of the power feedforward, dc bus pressure stabilization function when realizing to super capacitor high-power charging in short-term.
Input terminal and output terminal the difference crowbar circuit in parallel of the DC/DC converter modules.
The isolating switch cabinet is made of the disconnecting switch and contactor being connected in series.
Compared with the prior art, caused by the charging unit provided by the present invention for tramcar super capacitor
Beneficial effect is:PWM rectifier bridge modules employ PWM rectifier systems, with full-control type device for power switching(IGBT)It instead of biography
Half control type device for power switching or diode in system rectifier, realize the decoupling control of watt current and reactive current, lead to
Overcurrent orients and controls the dq shaft currents component after decoupling to control net side power factor, makes PWM rectifier bridge modules in list
Run under the power factor state of position, realize the sineization of current on line side, significantly reduce PWM rectifier bridge module input currents
THD contents, effectively inhibit harmonic pollution of the rectifier to power grid so that super capacitor charge control stablize, improve rectification
The response speed of device;After the output current of dcdc converter module is scaled by a certain percentage, prime control unit is introduced, as
Its electric current loop feedovers, and substantially increases the response speed of prime rectification module.When loading high power load in short-term, dc bus
Voltage fast and stable is effectively inhibited network voltage to distort caused by high power load impacts, improved in setting value
Grid adaptability.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of charging method for tramcar super capacitor, existing skill is solved
When constant current charging method switches to constant voltage charging method in art, the technical problem of the inadequate quick and stable of handoff procedure.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the charging method provided by the present invention for tramcar super capacitor:Including perseverance
Current charge stage and constant voltage charging phase, after the charging of tramcar super capacitor reaches setting value, are switched by constant-current charging phase
To constant voltage charging phase, using the integrator output value of electric current pi regulator before switching as at the beginning of the integration of voltage PI regulator after switching
Initial value, realizes two stage seamless switching.
The charging method can realize the various working of uplink and downlink train charging, including:Single file train enters the station battery charger
Condition, uplink and downlink train enter the station charging operating mode and operating mode of more standing at the same time;
The uplink and downlink train enter the station at the same time charging operating mode refer to:The up train is charging, and down train enters the station;Or
Down train is charging, and the up train enters the station;
The more station operating mode refers to:Train does not stop after entering the station, directly outbound;
Enter the station charging operating mode at the same time for uplink and downlink train, and the train to enter the station after order is waited for, enters the station in the ban
After train charging complete, after the train that enters the station start to charge up again;
Enter the station charging operating mode and operating mode of more standing for single file train:When train enters the station, charge, detect that train charges
When completing or is outbound, stop charging immediately;Train charging complete condition is tieed up after being transferred to constant-voltage phase by constant current for train charging
Hold setting time.
Compared with prior art, what the charging method provided by the present invention for tramcar super capacitor was reached has
Beneficial effect is:Constant-voltage charge pattern is switched to by constant current charging mode, in switching moment, to prevent electric current, voltage fluctuation excessive,
Integration initial value using the integrator output value of electric current pi regulator before switching as voltage PI regulator after switching, realizes two kinds
The seamless switching of charge mode.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main circuit diagram for the discharge that the present invention is used for tramcar.
Fig. 2 is the control that the present invention is used for PWM rectifier bridge modules in the charging unit main circuit of tramcar super capacitor
Block diagram.
Fig. 3 is the control for the charging unit main circuit DC/DC converter modules that the present invention is used for tramcar super capacitor
Block diagram.
Fig. 4 normally starts for charging unit of the present invention, work flow diagram.
Fig. 5 present invention is charging unit emergency shutdown flow chart.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiments are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and be not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the main circuit for the charging unit of tramcar super capacitor includes primary side and three-phase alternating current
The transformer of source connection, the secondary of transformer are connected with the regulator rectifier circuit of two-way independent operating.Regulator rectifier circuit includes
It is linked in sequence:LCL filter capacitors module, PWM rectifier bridge modules and DC/DC converter modules.DC/DC converter modules pass through
Clamp diode is connected with isolating switch cabinet, the output access tramcar ultracapacitor group of isolating switch cabinet;Two-way rectification
The DC/DC converter modules of regulating circuit are connected in parallel.Input terminal and output terminal the difference crow bar in parallel of DC/DC converter modules
Circuit.
PWM rectifier bridge modules include three-phase IGBT module and are connected in parallel on the output direct current of three-phase IGBT module DC output end
Lateral capacitance.DC/DC converter modules include an IGBT pipe, a diode and an energy storage inductor, IGBT pipes and diode
Differential concatenation connects, and after the electrical nodes series connection accumulation inductance that is connected with diode of IGBT pipes, then is connected in series with clamp diode.
The IGBT pipes in IGBT pipes and DC/DC converter modules in three-phase IGBT module are connected with control unit signal respectively.Control
The output current of DC/DC converter modules is incorporated into the control of prime PWM rectifier bridge modules by unit, prime PWM rectifier bridges
Module gives using 1100V as fixed, and intermediate dc bus capacitance voltage is adjusted, electricity as feedback through Voltage loop pi regulator
The sum of output current of pressure ring pi regulator output superposition DC/DC converter modules gives as current inner loop, net side input d axis
Electric current is adjusted, the break-make of the IGBT pipes in output control three-phase IGBT module, before the power as feedback through pi regulator
The implementation of feedback, dc bus pressure stabilization function when realizing to super capacitor high-power charging in short-term.
Isolating switch cabinet is made of the disconnecting switch and contactor being connected in series.
Fig. 2 is the control block diagram of PWM rectifier bridge modules in the charging unit main circuit for tramcar super capacitor,
The control strategy that PWM rectifier bridge modules are combined using outer voltage, current inner loop and electric voltage feed forward, rear class power feedforward.
The main function of outer voltage is control DC bus-bar voltage, and current inner loop is according to the current-order that outer voltage provides to exchange
Side input current is controlled, and realizes that unity power factor is run.First passed around after Sample AC side three-phase voltage, electric current
Park is converted, and the of ac under three-phase static coordinate system is transformed to the DC quantity under two-phase rotating coordinate system, two-phase rotation is sat
Q shaft current components under mark system are reactive current, and d shaft current components are watt current.DC bus-bar voltage is sampled with giving
Definite value exports d shaft current component reference values through PI controllers more afterwards, then the output current of DC/DC converter modules is amplified k
After times, subtract each other with reference value, feedover as its electric current loop, then realized by feed forward decoupling controli d 、i q Decoupling, in Fig. 2I fed For DC/DC variator module outlet side total currents, i.e. in Fig. 1I fed_1 +I fed_2 。
In the control block diagrams of PWM rectifier bridge modules shown in Fig. 2, pass through the dq shaft current components after current oriention and control decoupling
So as to control net side power factor, rectifier is run under unity power factor state, realize the sineization of current on line side,
Inhibit harmonic pollution of the rectifier to power grid.PWM rectifier bridge modules detect electric network state in real time during control, with simultaneously
Network voltage before netU d ’ As set-point, real-time sampling network voltageU d As feedback, difference is into pi regulator and negates amplitude limit
Inner ring is given after outputI q It is given, the output of Dynamic Closed Loop compensating reactive power, dynamic reactive support power grid.The input of reactive current ring in figure
The amplitude limit upper limitI limUp For 0, lower limitI limDn Electric current is resistant to according to module and current watt current determinesI limDn =Sqrt(I max * I max –I d *I d )。
LCL filter capacitors module can use active damping control algolithm, during control, sample three-phase electricity in LCL
The three-phase current of appearance, three-phase current filter out fundamental wave content after Park is converted, through proportional component be added to current regulator output,
The resonance phenomena of grid side can effectively be suppressed.
Fig. 3 is the control that the present invention is used for DC/DC converter modules in the charging unit main circuit of tramcar super capacitor
Block diagram processed.As shown in figure 3, sample rate current or sampled voltage and reference value relatively after, by pi regulator, it is exported divided by direct current
After busbar voltage Udc, required duty cycle is obtained, as the PWM waveform needed for duty cycle can draw driving switch pipe.Electric current
In ring control, two modules sample respective current value respectively, and output two-way PWM ripples control two modules;In Voltage loop control,
Two same output voltage values of module samples, output two-way PWM ripples control two modules.Filled by output voltage values control constant current
Power mode and the switching of constant-voltage charge pattern, when detecting that output voltage reaches limit value, are switched to by constant current charging mode
Constant-voltage charge pattern.Switching moment, it is to prevent electric current, voltage fluctuation excessive, the integration of electric current pi regulator before switching is defeated
Go out integration initial value of the value as voltage PI regulator after switching, using the output valve of voltage PI regulator as electric current PI after switching
The integration initial value of adjuster, realizes the seamless switching of two kinds of charge modes.
Dc bus Chopper overvoltages are put into, and energy on dc-link capacitance of releasing, protects dc bus.
Fig. 4 normally starts for the charging unit that the present invention is used for tramcar super capacitor, work flow diagram.Charging unit
Console enabled instruction is started waiting for after the completion of power-on self-test, after receiving enabled instruction, net-side rectifier successively completion precharge,
The work of co-host break road device, after the completion of start waiting for train home signal.After charging unit detects train home signal, charging
Device starts to charge to train, starts timing after running to pressure constant state, charging complete after constant-voltage charge runs a period of time,
Charging unit block output stops charging to train.Train is leaving from station, returns to and waits next time train home signal, waited
Whether testing console sends halt instruction at the same time in journey, if receiving halt instruction, it is defeated that net-side rectifier successively completes block
Go out, sub-main break road device, direct-current discharge work.
If in charging process, charging unit detects signal leaving from station, and charging unit block output stops filling to train
Electricity.Train is leaving from station, returns to and waits next time train home signal, and in waiting process while whether testing console sends and stop
Machine instructs, if receiving halt instruction, net-side rectifier successively completes block output, sub-main break road device, direct-current discharge work.
In charging unit course of normal operation, enter charged area and if only if train, station charging net could be powered, i.e.,
Usually charging net is in off-position, and when train enters the station charging, charging net ability power transmission starts to charge up.When train charging finishes
Afterwards, charging unit automatically powers off, and system of stopping power supply charges to train.When train stops charging, train could be from
Stand.
Fig. 5 is the discharge emergency shutdown flow chart that the present invention is used for tramcar.When rectification charging fills
Putting itself has emergency, or during console triggering emergency shutdown instruction, performs emergency shutdown flow.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the charging method for tramcar super capacitor, it is characterised in that including constant-current charging phase and constant-voltage charge rank
Section, after the charging of tramcar super capacitor reaches setting value, switches to constant voltage charging phase, before switching by constant-current charging phase
Integration initial value of the integrator output value of electric current pi regulator as voltage PI regulator after switching, realizes two stage no seaming and cutting
Change.
2. the charging method according to claim 1 for tramcar super capacitor, it is characterised in that the charging side
Method can realize the various working of uplink and downlink train charging, including:Single file train enter the station charging operating mode, uplink and downlink train at the same time into
Stand charging operating mode and operating mode of more standing;
The uplink and downlink train enter the station at the same time charging operating mode refer to:The up train is charging, and down train enters the station;Or downlink
Train is charging, and the up train enters the station;
The more station operating mode refers to:Train does not stop after entering the station, directly outbound;
Enter the station charging operating mode at the same time for uplink and downlink train, and the train to enter the station after order is waited for, the train to enter the station in the ban
After charging complete, after the train that enters the station start to charge up again;
Enter the station charging operating mode and operating mode of more standing for single file train:When train enters the station, charge, detect train charging complete
Or when outbound, stop charging immediately;Train charging complete condition is transferred to after constant-voltage phase by constant current for train charging and maintains to set
Fix time.
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CN106936319B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2023-05-12 | 天津大学 | Isolated three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter |
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CN107994786A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 合肥华耀电子工业有限公司 | A kind of multi-pulse rectifier |
CN107888090B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2023-08-25 | 三峡大学 | Mixed three-phase rectifier with non-three-phase bridge arm symmetrical structure |
CN110626207B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-10-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Charging method and system for rail transit vehicle |
CN110549892B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-10-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Charging method and charging system for rail transit vehicle |
CN108988447A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-11 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of supplying power to and charging unit for super capacitor energy-storage type tramcar |
CN110979029B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2023-05-05 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Charging device and charging method for super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar |
CN111674275A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 薛洛良 | Electric vehicle direct current charging system adopting transformer to output 1250V voltage |
CN112187119B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-11 | 东南大学 | Permanent magnet motor double-ring current control method for output filter with LCL |
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