CN105445730A - Ocean current field inversion satellite-borne SAR system based on angle diversity, and method thereof - Google Patents

Ocean current field inversion satellite-borne SAR system based on angle diversity, and method thereof Download PDF

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CN105445730A
CN105445730A CN201510852862.1A CN201510852862A CN105445730A CN 105445730 A CN105445730 A CN 105445730A CN 201510852862 A CN201510852862 A CN 201510852862A CN 105445730 A CN105445730 A CN 105445730A
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ocean current
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sar system
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CN105445730B (en
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何宜军
刘保昌
陈忠彪
张彪
丘仲锋
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Zhongkexing Tuwei Tianxin Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/589Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems measuring the velocity vector
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9027Pattern recognition for feature extraction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/40Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping

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  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ocean current field inversion satellite-borne SAR system based on angle diversity, and a method thereof. The satellite-borne SAR system comprises two radar antennas which are arranged in the flying direction of a satellite, wherein the two radar antennas respectively generate two radar wave beams; and the two wave beams have different squint angles and can irradiate the same area on the ocean surface in different time. The method comprises: utilizing the satellite-borne SAR system and taking a doppler center frequency as the observation variable to perform inversion on an ocean current field; and obtaining a complete velocity vector of an ocean current, that is, the ocean current information obtained through inversion not only includes the radial velocity information of the ocean current but also includes the azimuth velocity information. Compared with a traditional ocean surface current field inversion means, such as field observation and shore-base radar observation, the ocean current field satellite-borne SAR system based on angle diversity can realize inversion of a worldwide ocean current field, can comprehensively know about temporal and spatial variation of the ocean current, and can work all day long and all weather without limitation of meteorological conditions.

Description

A kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity and method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to ocean remote sensing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity.
Background technology
Ocean current has important impact and restrictive function to multiple physics, chemistry, biology and geological process in the formation of the climate and weather in overhead, ocean and change and ocean.Such as, the ocean current being flowed to high latitude by low latitude can cause steam upwards to carry, and makes air humidity increase and produce precipitation; And the ocean current flowing to low latitude by high latitude can produce inversion, steam is not easily upwards carried, and evaporates more weak and not easily Cheng Yu.In addition, ocean current militarily also has important meaning.For navy fight, ocean current is one of key factor of operation consideration, reasonably utilizes ocean current can play operation and reduces war consumption, increase the chip of triumph, otherwise, do not consider that the impact meeting of ocean current play adverse effect to war, even lead to the failure.The acquisition of Ocean current information also has important effect in civilian, and such as, the selection of trade ships' routing will with reference to the situation etc. of ocean current.Therefore, no matter the inverting of the Sea Current information of global range is some feature for research ocean itself, or with the closely-related weather in ocean, weather, even Military Application all plays vital effect.But current ocean current is the most jejune parameter in satellite remote sensing drive marine parameter, go back the satellite remote sensing flow measurement business sensor that neither one is special.
The observation procedure in flow field, sea mainly comprises the modes such as field observation, land-based radar observation, satellite remote sensing observation.First, the more direct a kind of mode measuring ocean current is exactly " field observation ".The outstanding advantages of this method is that it has higher measuring accuracy, but the spatial coverage of this method is limited, be difficult to the change in time and space fullying understand ocean current, and the cost of each observation is higher, and these shortcomings make " field observation " can not meet the demand of practical application.Secondly, ocean current measured by land-based radar, mainly comprises X-band radar and high-frequency ground wave radar.X-band radar measures the flow field within offshore 3 kilometers, but it is only greater than 1 meter at wave, and the comparatively uniform place of wave could obtain corresponding flow field.High-frequency ground wave radar is the radar equipment being used for measuring littoral current specially, but the spatial dimension that high-frequency ground wave radar is measured is limited, can not carry out global observation.It three is satellite remote sensing current measured technologies, and satellite remote sensing technology mainly comprises radar altimeter and obtains geostrophic current, flow field, Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images inverting sea, flow field, synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) technical limit spacing sea etc.Satellite altimeter is only applicable to measure large-scale geostrophic current usually, and there is longer problem coverage cycle; The radar echo signal that altitude gauge receives easily is subject to the impact of " pollution " from land return signal and atmosphere errors, and the altimeter data within 50 kilometers, water front off sea usually can not be practical.Flow field, multidate remote sensing image inverting sea is also a kind of method in flow field, satellite remote sensing sea, and the method utilizes the change of the tracer in remote sensing images (as sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration etc.) under action of ocean current to measure ocean current.Regrettably, the acquisition of sea surface temperature data and chlorophyll data is subject to the restriction of " cloud cover ", and this method normally lost efficacy for " isothermal area " or " waiting chlorophyll region ".The inverting of satellite-borne SAR flow field mainly contains three kinds of methods.First method and flow field, multidate SAR image inverting sea, its method is with multidate optical imagery inversion algorithm.Second method is called along rail interferometric method (ATI), and it utilizes two antennas placed along track, can obtain radial Ocean current information by the interferometric phase calculating two antennas.The third method utilizes the skew of the Doppler center of single antenna to carry out flow field inverting, and the ocean current radial velocity measurement precision of this method depends on the doppler centroid calculated by satellite orbit and attitude measurement data.For above-mentioned first method, it can overcome the impact of optical imagery by weather such as sexual intercourses, but the difficulty that same existence is similar with optical imagery, be difficult to the flow field obtaining the more even sea of roughness, operational use is very restricted.For the second and the third method, they all can only obtain radial flow fields, are difficult to obtain two-dimensional vector flow field, sea.In addition, ATI method is also easily subject to the restriction of factors such as " scene coherence times ", and " scene coherence time " directly relevantly with Bragg scattering wave is; When " scene coherence time " being less than " time interval that interference SAR image is right ", the precision of ATI method flow measurement will obviously be deteriorated.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of existing ocean current inversion method: such as, existing satellite-borne SAR flow measurement method cannot the complete two-dimension speed vector of inverting ocean current; " field observation " method spatial coverage is limited, is difficult to the change in time and space fullying understand ocean current; X-band radar is only greater than 1 meter at wave, and the comparatively uniform place of wave could obtain corresponding flow field.Simultaneously, in order to give full play to the advantage of satellite-borne SAR in Sea Current inverting, such as global range, the ability of round-the-clock, all weather operations, not by meteorological condition restriction etc., the object of this invention is to provide a kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity, this Spaceborne SAR System utilizes " doppler centroid " as " carrier " of Ocean current information, can the two-dimension speed vector of inverting ocean current, the radial velocity namely comprising ocean current also comprises the orientation of ocean current to speed simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity, comprise two radar antennas placed along satellite flight direction, these two radar antennas produce two radar beams respectively, and two wave beams have different angles of squint and can irradiate the same region on sea in the different time.
The echoed signal received is transferred to low noise amplifier, low-converter or detuner, radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, simulating signal/digital signal conversion module by two radar antennas respectively successively; In radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, the array element weighting coefficient difference that two antennas are used, thus produce the wave beam that two have different angle of squint.
Two radar antenna alternate emission pulse signals alternating receipts echoed signal, thus the echoed signal that two antennas are received avoids mutual interference.
A kind of method utilizing the inverting Sea Current of above-mentioned Spaceborne SAR System, two radar antennas based on the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System of angle diversity are utilized to produce two radar beams respectively, two radar beams have different angles of squint and can irradiate the same region on sea in the different time, thus realize angle diversity; And using doppler centroid as observational variable, inverting is carried out to Sea Current; During inverting flow field, the ocean current of the same area will show as two different doppler centroids in two radar antenna Received signal strength, thus the complete velocity of ocean current is finally inversed by according to two equations, the radial velocity information that the Ocean current information that namely inverting obtains not only comprises ocean current also comprises orientation to velocity information.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity that the present invention proposes is a brand-new satellite-borne SAR system, will have extraordinary application prospect in marine environment field of detecting.
2) compared to traditional flow field, sea inverting means, as field observation, land-based radar observation, the Sea Current Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity that the present invention proposes can the Sea Current of inverting global range, the change in time and space of overall understanding ocean current; And can round-the-clock, all weather operations, do not limit by meteorological condition.
3) SAR-ATI method and single-antenna SAR Doppler center offset method can only obtain the radial velocity of ocean current and cannot obtain complete two-dimension speed vector.The Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity that the present invention proposes solves this difficulties well, can obtain the radial velocity information of ocean current and orientation to velocity information simultaneously.
4) for existing SAR-ATI method, usually require that " scene coherence time " is greater than " interval time that interference SAR image is right "; When this condition does not meet, the flow field inversion accuracy of ATI method will obviously decline.By comparison, during the Spaceborne SAR System inverting flow field, sea based on angle diversity proposed when utilizing the present invention, not by the restriction of above-mentioned condition.
5) compared to existing flow field inverting means, the flow field inversion step of the SAR system that the present invention proposes is simple, operand is less: the single order phase information only needing SAR raw data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity
Fig. 2 is the implementation flow process of angle diversity;
Fig. 3 is Sea Current inverting flow process;
Fig. 4 is angle diversity satellite-borne SAR inverting flow field simulation result.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
Be illustrated in figure 1 a kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity, comprise two radar antennas placed along satellite flight direction, these two radar antennas produce two radar beams respectively, two wave beams have identical downwards angle of visibility (α in figure), but have different angles of squint, two radar beams can irradiate the same region on sea in the different time.The echoed signal received is transferred to low noise amplifier, low-converter or detuner, radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, simulating signal/digital signal conversion module by two radar antennas respectively successively.
The scheme realizing angle diversity is described below in detail according to Fig. 2.As shown in Figure 2, for first radar antenna (or second radar antenna), the echoed signal that each bay receives is after low noise amplification, down coversion (or demodulation), then carry out radio frequency analog Wave beam forming, finally carry out the conversion of simulating signal to digital signal.The effect of radio frequency analog Wave beam forming is to form the antenna radiation pattern having certain beam center and point to, its implementation be exactly to each array element demodulation after signal be weighted, then sue for peace.In order to make first radar antenna and second radar antenna produce two wave beams having different angles and point to, respective weighting coefficient should be made different.As shown in Figure 2, two wave beams with not concentricity sensing just constitute an angle-diversity SAR system, and now, this SAR system has two angular freedom, and wherein the angle of squint of the first wave beam is the angle of squint of the second wave beam is the direction of two wave beam stravismus is contrary.
Two SAR antenna alternate emission pulse signals alternating receipts echoed signal, thus the echoed signal that two antennas are received avoids mutual interference.
In the choosing of observational variable, the present invention adopts this variable of SAR doppler centroid.
The principle and step that utilize angle-diversity satellite-borne SAR inverting Sea Current are described according to Fig. 3 below.
A) first the SAR echo data that first radar antenna receives is tieed up the following time quantum of translation (see Fig. 1) in the slow time (η):
Wherein, H is satellite platform height, and V is the speed of satellite platform, and α is the downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams, with be respectively the angle of squint of first SAR wave beam and second SAR wave beam.
B) the base band doppler centroid of two antenna receiving signals is estimated respectively according to average crosscorrelation coefficient (ACCC) method:
f D c 1 ′ = P R F 2 π ∠ { Σ η s 1 * ( η ) · s 1 ( η + 1 P R F ) } , - P R F 2 ≤ f D c 1 ′ ≤ P R F 2 - - - ( 2 )
f D c 2 ′ = P R F 2 π ∠ { Σ η s 2 * ( η ) · s 2 ( η + 1 P R F ) } , - P R F 2 ≤ f D c 2 ′ ≤ P R F 2 - - - ( 3 )
Wherein, f' dc1with f' dc2be respectively the base band doppler centroid of first radar antenna and second radar antenna; PRF is radar pulse repetition frequency; η represents the slow time (i.e. orientation time); s 1(η) and s 2(η) be respectively first radar antenna and second radar antenna to receive Ocean Scenes echo bearing and tie up original SAR signal; ∠ { } represents the phase place of the number of winning the confidence.
C) the doppler ambiguity number M that cross correlation algorithm (MLCC) estimates first radar antenna and second radar antenna Received signal strength is respectively looked in utilization more amb1with M amb2.
D) the absolute doppler centroid that two antennas receive SAR signal is calculated:
f Dc1=f' Dc1+M amb1·PRF(4)
f Dc2=f' Dc2+M amb2·PRF(5)
Wherein, f dc1with f dc2be respectively the absolute doppler centroid that first radar antenna and second radar antenna receive echo SAR signal.
E) from f dc1with f dc2the Doppler frequency of middle removal caused by system is looked side ways, obtains respectively with
Wherein, λ is radar wavelength.
F) the two-dimension speed vector of ocean current, can be calculated by following formula:
Wherein, with be respectively the orientation of ocean current to velocity and distance to speed, H 2 × 2be the matrix of one 2 × 2, its expression formula is:
Wherein, [] -1the inverse matrix of representing matrix (square formation).
The simulation result of the Sea Current obtained based on the inverting of angle diversity Spaceborne SAR System utilizing the present invention to propose as shown in Figure 4.
To sum up, the present invention has following features:
1) based on the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System of angle diversity, for the complete two-dimension speed vector of inverting Sea Current.Adopt angle diversity Spaceborne SAR System and carry out inverting using doppler centroid as observational variable to Sea Current, the radial velocity information that the Ocean current information that inverting obtains not only comprises ocean current also comprises orientation to velocity information.
2) two radar antennas are utilized to produce two radar beams respectively; These two wave beams " simultaneously " irradiate sea, but their angle of squint is different, thus realize " angle diversity " of SAR system.
3) downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams of angle diversity SAR system is identical, thus makes two SAR wave beams can irradiate same region on sea in the different time.
4) two radar antenna alternate emission pulse signals alternating receipts echoed signal, thus the echoed signal that two antennas are received avoids mutual interference.
5) in order to inverting Sea Current, angle diversity SAR system utilizes doppler centroid (namely instantaneous Doppler frequency corresponding to certain surface scattering unit is passed through at radar beam center) as observational variable, namely as the carrier of Ocean current information.
6) when utilizing angle diversity SAR inverting flow field, the ocean current of the same area will show as the doppler centroid of two " differences " in two SAR antenna receiving signals, thus the complete velocity of ocean current can be finally inversed by according to two equations, the radial velocity information that the Ocean current information that namely inverting obtains not only comprises ocean current also comprises orientation to velocity information.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity, it is characterized in that: comprise two radar antennas placed along satellite flight direction, these two radar antennas produce two radar beams respectively, and two wave beams have different angles of squint and can irradiate the same region on sea in the different time.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System of angle diversity, it is characterized in that: the echoed signal received is transferred to low noise amplifier, low-converter or detuner, radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, simulating signal/digital signal conversion module by two radar antennas respectively successively; In radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, the array element weighting coefficient difference that two radar antennas are used.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System of angle diversity, it is characterized in that: two radar antenna alternate emission pulse signals alternating receipts echoed signal.
4., as claimed in claim 1 based on the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System of angle diversity, it is characterized in that: the downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams is identical.
5. one kind utilizes the method for the inverting Sea Current of the arbitrary described Spaceborne SAR System of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: utilize two radar antennas of the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity to produce two radar beams respectively, two wave beams have different angles of squint and can irradiate the same region on sea in the different time, thus realize angle diversity; And using doppler centroid as observational variable, inverting is carried out to Sea Current; During inverting flow field, the ocean current of the same area will show as two different doppler centroids in two radar antenna Received signal strength, thus is finally inversed by the complete velocity of ocean current according to two equations.
6. utilize the method for the inverting Sea Current of Spaceborne SAR System as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the SAR echo data that first radar antenna receives is tieed up the following time quantum of translation in the slow time (η):
Wherein, H is satellite platform height, and V is the speed of satellite platform, and α is the downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams, with be respectively the angle of squint of two wave beams;
(2) the base band doppler centroid of two antenna receiving signals is estimated respectively according to average crosscorrelation coefficient method:
f D c 1 ′ = P R F 2 π ∠ { Σ η s 1 * ( η ) · s 1 ( η + 1 P R F ) } , - P R F 2 ≤ f D c 1 ′ ≤ P R F 2
f D c 2 ′ = P R F 2 π ∠ { Σ η s 2 * ( η ) · s 2 ( η + 1 P R F ) } , - P R F 2 ≤ f D c 2 ′ ≤ P R F 2
Wherein, f ' dc1with f ' dc2be respectively the base band doppler centroid of first radar antenna and second radar antenna; PRF is radar pulse repetition frequency; η represents the slow time, i.e. the orientation time; s 1(η) and s 2(η) be respectively first radar antenna and second radar antenna to receive Ocean Scenes echo bearing and tie up original SAR signal; ∠ { } represents the phase place of the number of winning the confidence;
(3) the doppler ambiguity number M that cross correlation algorithm estimates first radar antenna and second radar antenna Received signal strength is respectively looked in utilization more amb1with M amb2;
(4) the absolute doppler centroid that two antennas receive SAR signal is calculated:
f Dc1=f′ Dc1+M amb1·PRF
f Dc2=f′ Dc2+M amb2·PRF
Wherein, f dc1with f dc2be respectively the absolute doppler centroid that first radar antenna and second radar antenna receive echo SAR signal;
(5) from f dc1with f dc2the Doppler frequency of middle removal caused by system is looked side ways, obtains respectively with
Wherein, λ is radar wavelength;
(6) the two-dimension speed vector of ocean current, can be calculated by following formula:
Wherein, with be respectively the orientation of ocean current to velocity and distance to speed, H 2 × 2be the matrix of one 2 × 2, its expression formula is:
Wherein, [] -1the inverse matrix of representing matrix (square formation).
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