CN105445546A - Fiber access type electric energy meter with function of harmonic detection - Google Patents
Fiber access type electric energy meter with function of harmonic detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN105445546A CN105445546A CN201511032900.5A CN201511032900A CN105445546A CN 105445546 A CN105445546 A CN 105445546A CN 201511032900 A CN201511032900 A CN 201511032900A CN 105445546 A CN105445546 A CN 105445546A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/48—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy
- G01R11/54—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy for measuring simultaneously at least two of the following three variables: real component, reactive component, apparent energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
- G08C23/06—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems through light guides, e.g. optical fibres
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber access type electric energy meter with a function of harmonic detection, so as to accord with the communication standard of an intelligent transformer station. The energy meter mainly comprises (1) a data collection part: a fiber receiving and transmitting module receives a data message, sent by a communication unit, according with the standard, and transmits the data message to an Ethernet PHY controller, and the Ethernet PHY controller carries out frame verification of the received data, removes the frame head and tail and transmits the data to a DSP; (2), a data processing part: the DSP carries out the analysis of the data frame after the DSP receives a data package, obtains sampling data in the data frame, completes the calculation of voltage, current, harmonic waves at all orders and power through employing an FFT algorithm, transmits the sampling data to an MCU, and controls the power pulse output; (3), a data management part: the MCU completes the calculation and management of active electric energy, reactive electric energy and electricity demand; (4), a data communication part: a display module is used for display all data items, and an infrared or 485 communication interface is used for communication transmission and completes the monitoring of operation parameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Intelligent transformer station field, particularly relate to a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function.
Background technology
The whole framework of Intelligent transformer station carries out layering, modeling and communication based on IEC61850 standard.Analog acquisition mode there occurs revolutionary change, the analog quantity in-situ digitalization exported by traditional primary equipment, carry out communication by network and secondary device, realize information sharing, and substitute existing cable with optical fiber.Due to non-linear, the impact of load character, and by connecting the impact of the factor such as line failure, quality of power supply deterioration in electrical network each other, there is harmonic excess phenomenon.The existence of electric harmonic may cause parallel connection or the series resonance of local devices, reduces service efficiency and the life-span of substation equipment.Therefore, carrying out accurately detection to harmonic wave is the basic demand of converting station electric power device security stable operation, and the digitalized electrical energy meter of routine does not possess this measuring ability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to design a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function, by adopting the high-precision detection harmonic component of energy of the fft algorithm after improving and harmonic electric energy.
For solving the problem, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function, comprises
Part of data acquisition, comprises optical fiber receiver-transmitter module and ethernet PHY controller, and described optical fiber receiver-transmitter module receives the standard compliant data message that merge cells sends, and completes the collection of information, and is transmitted to described ethernet PHY controller; Ethernet PHY controller, carries out frame check to the data received and removes frame head and postamble;
Data processing section, comprises DSP, after described DSP receives packet, Frame is resolved, extracts sampled data wherein, adopt fft algorithm to complete the calculating of voltage, electric current, each harmonic and performance number, and be uploaded to MCU by serial ports, control the output of output pulses simultaneously;
Data management part, comprises MCU, and described MCU completes calculating and the management of the electrical energy parameters such as active energy, reactive energy, requirement;
Data communication part, shows every data by display module as required, and carries out communication transfer by infrared or 485 communication interfaces, completes the monitoring of operational factor.
Optionally, described fft algorithm comprises,
Butterfly coefficient initialization, the collection of data message;
Sampling, for every cycle to voltage and current sample Data Detection zero crossing accurately;
Synchronous interpolation, carries out synchronous interpolation processing by sampled data;
FFT converts call function and carries out real part and the imaginary part that FFT conversion obtains each sampled data, and calculates amplitude and the phase place of each harmonic according to the real part after FFT conversion and imaginary part;
Active power and the reactive power of first-harmonic and total harmonic wave is calculated respectively according to the voltage calculated, electric current, each harmonic amplitude.
Optionally, in described sampling step, adopt cross zero detecting method,
When detect be greater than certain threshold values and first be greater than the sampled point T of 0 time, get the N number of sampled point near this sampled point
fitting a straight line, by the value of t during least square method calculating y=0, is zero crossing accurately.The computing formula of zero crossing accurately:
Wherein: be sampled point
sampled value,
for the mean value of N number of sampled value.
Optionally, described synchronous interpolation procedure adopts 2-base algorithm, adopting counts be 2 whole power side, synchronous interpolation procedure is synchronously the whole power side of 2, synchronous interpolation algorithm formula:
Wherein: n1 is sampling number, n2 is synchronously count (FFT conversion is counted), and T1 is former sampled point subscript, and T2 is synchronous sampling point subscript, y
t2for synchronized sampling value, y
t1for former sampled value.
Optionally, memory headroom optimized treatment method in described FFT shift step, is adopted to be,
Define an array variable data [3] [FFTNum];
By the current sampling data that carries out after synchronous interpolation calculation stored in data [0], voltage sample value is stored in data [1];
During calculating, first FFT conversion is carried out to voltage sample value, transformation results will automatically stored in data [1] and data [2], data in data1 [1] and data [2] are carried out the first half stored in data [2] after amplitude and phase calculation, voltage harmonic amplitude and phase calculation formula as follows respectively:
Wherein: Re is real part, Im is imaginary part;
Again FFT conversion is carried out to current sampling data, result will automatically stored in data [0] and data [1], again by the amplitude after calculating and phase place stored in the latter half of data [2], current harmonics amplitude and phase calculation formula identical with voltage harmonic amplitude and phase calculation formula.
Optionally, also comprise power supply unit, described power supply unit adopts the Switching Power Supply of two-way redundancy wide region to power, and operating voltage range can reach 65 ~ 460Vac or 80 ~ 650Vac.
Optionally, described optical fiber receiver-transmitter module is connected and Signal transmissions with merge cells by fiber medium.
Optionally, also comprise quantitative model, described quantitative model can adopt phase three-wire three or three-phase and four-line.
Compared with prior art, the technical program has the following advantages: compatible to IEC 61850-9-1 and IEC61850-9-2 standard simultaneously, can be applied in any one intelligent substation, and can not produce any compatibility issue; Adopt the Power supply of two-way redundancy wide region; What receive is the sample information of pure digi-tal, and there is not the problems such as the Contacted EMI that temperature variation, secondary cable pressure drop and secondary cable cause, precision is higher than conventional electric energy meter; Be connected with merge cells by optical fiber, realize effective electrical isolation, safety hazards will be controlled effectively; By resolving the quality factor in the data message of merge cells output, will effectively avoid the reception of wrong sample information; According to transformer substation system composition, by changing the structure of data centralization, configuration quantitative model, as phase three-wire three, three-phase and four-line metering system, being different from conventional electric energy meter need according to the external cable mode of connection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart with the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, clear, complete description is carried out to technical scheme of the present invention.
The structure that a kind of intelligent acess formula electric energy meter with harmonic detection function of the present invention adopts DSP+MCU to combine, combines the data-handling capacity of DSP with the communication management ability of MCU.
As shown in Figure 1, electric energy meter of the present invention comprises optical fiber receiver-transmitter module, ethernet PHY controller, DSP, MCU and peripheral circuit.Real-time clock, infrared communication interface, display module, key-press module, two 485 communication interfaces, memory module that peripheral circuit comprises power supply unit and is connected with MCU.
Optical fiber receiver-transmitter module receives the data message meeting IEC61850-9-1/IEC61850-9-2 standard of merge cells transmission by fiber medium, completes the collection of information, and is transmitted to ethernet PHY controller.Ethernet PHY controller to receive data carry out frame check, remove frame head and postamble after send into DSP.After DSP receives packet by the quantitative model of phase three-wire three/three-phase and four-line, Frame is resolved, extract sampled data wherein, the fft algorithm improved is adopted to complete the calculating of voltage, electric current, each harmonic and performance number, and be uploaded to micro-control unit MCU by serial ports, control the output of output pulses simultaneously.Completed by MCU, the calculating of the electrical energy parameter such as reactive energy, requirement and management, show every data as required, and by and carry out communication transfer by infrared or 485 communication interfaces, complete the monitoring of operational factor.
The step of fft algorithm comprises:
Butterfly coefficient initialization, the collection of data message and initialization;
Sampling, every cycle, to voltage and current sample data, detects zero crossing accurately;
Synchronous interpolation, carries out synchronous interpolation processing by sampled data;
FFT converts, and call function carries out real part and the imaginary part that FFT conversion obtains each sampled data, and calculates amplitude and the phase place of each harmonic according to the real part after FFT conversion and imaginary part;
Electrical energy parameter calculates, and calculates active power and the reactive power of first-harmonic and total harmonic wave according to the voltage calculated, electric current, each harmonic amplitude respectively.
Above-mentioned algorithm completes all in dsp, and butterfly coefficient initialization and synchronous interpolation procedure do not exist ordinal relation, as long as complete before FFT conversion.
Because signal conditioning circuit and AD sample circuit move to electronic mutual inductor all, therefore, the quality of electric energy algorithm directly determines measuring accuracy.
The present invention adopts zero passage detection and least square method to obtain accurate zero crossing, by the sampling number of synchronous interpolation algorithm coercive voltage, electric current be 2 (sampled point of digital signal in a cycle meeting IEC61850 standard is 80 in whole power side, and FFT is the whole power side that 2-base algorithm requirement sampling number is necessary for 2, therefore, sampling number by synchronous interpolation algorithm coercive voltage, electric current), improve FFT calculated performance with the special process of data store organisation.
Sampling
Cross zero detecting method is a kind of method surveying the cycle, detects two zero crossings that sinusoidal signal is adjacent.Whether zero crossing is accurate will directly affect the precision of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, and therefore Potassium monopersulfate is quite important.
Concrete grammar: when detect be greater than certain threshold values and first be greater than the sampled point T of 0 time; Get the N number of sampled point near this sampled point
fitting a straight line y=x0+x1t, by the value of t during least square method calculating y=0, is zero crossing accurately.Formula is as follows:
Wherein: be sampled point
sampled value,
for the mean value of N number of sampled value.
Synchronous interpolation
The present invention adopt FFT be 2-base algorithm, require that sampling number is the whole power side of 2, therefore need by sampled data by synchronous interpolation algorithm be synchronously 2 whole power side, synchronous interpolation algorithm formula is as follows:
Wherein: n1 is sampling number, n2 is synchronously count (FFT conversion is counted),
T1 is source sampling point subscript, and T2 is synchronous sampling point subscript, and yT2 is synchronized sampling value, and yT1 is source sampling value.
FFT converts
When carrying out FFT conversion, each sampled data can be calculated as two parts by the FFT function called: real part and imaginary part.Therefore export the twice that data are input data, for FFT calculated performance is improved in memory optimization space, carry out following process:
1) an array variable data [3] [FFTNum] is defined;
2) by the current sampling data that carries out after synchronous interpolation calculation stored in data [0], voltage sample value is stored in data [1];
3) when calculating, first FFT conversion is carried out to voltage sample value, transformation results will automatically stored in data [1] and data [2], data in data1 [1] and data [2] are carried out the first half stored in data [2] after amplitude and phase calculation, voltage harmonic amplitude and phase calculation formula are respectively such as formula shown in (4) (5);
Wherein: Re is real part, Im is imaginary part
4) again FFT conversion is carried out to current sampling data, result will automatically stored in data [0] and data [1], at this moment in data [1], data use, be capped and also there will not be problem, again by the amplitude after calculating and phase place stored in the latter half of data [2], current harmonics amplitude and phase calculation formula similar with formula (4) (5), no longer burden.
Electrical energy parameter calculates
According to active power and the reactive power of the voltage calculated, electric current each harmonic amplitude calculating first-harmonic and total harmonic wave, formula is respectively (6), formula (7)
Based on adopted algorithm, gradation current harmonics amplitude error is as shown in table 1:
Current harmonics number of times | Current standard value | Current measurement value | Error % |
First-harmonic | 1.5 | 1.4997 | -0.02 |
15 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1497 | -0.2 |
24 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1491 | -0.6 |
33 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1486 | -0.933333333 |
44 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.148 | -1.333333333 |
64 subharmonic | 0.15 | 0.1476 | -1.6 |
Table 1 gradation current harmonics amplitude error
Gradation voltage harmonic amplitude error is as shown in table 2:
Voltage harmonic number of times | Standard voltage value | Voltage measuring value | Error % |
First-harmonic | 57.735 | 57.7323 | -0.004676539 |
15 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7692 | -0.074478219 |
24 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.766 | -0.129903871 |
33 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7595 | -0.242487226 |
44 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7503 | -0.401835975 |
64 subharmonic | 5.7735 | 5.7442 | -0.507491123 |
Table 2 gradation voltage harmonic amplitude error
The beneficial effect that the present invention brings and advantage: compatible to IEC 61850-9-1 and IEC61850-9-2 standard simultaneously, can be applied in any one intelligent substation, and can not produce any compatibility issue; There is 1 ~ 64 subharmonic measuring ability, the harmonic pollution in the real-time detection of grid of energy; Adopt the Power supply of two-way redundancy wide region; From DSP part, reception is the sample information of pure digi-tal, and there is not the problems such as the Contacted EMI that temperature variation, secondary cable pressure drop and secondary cable cause, precision is higher than conventional electric energy meter; Be connected with merge cells by optical fiber, realize effective electrical isolation, safety hazards will be controlled effectively; By resolving the quality factor in the data message of merge cells output, will effectively avoid the reception of wrong sample information; According to transformer substation system composition, by changing the structure of data centralization, configuration quantitative model, as phase three-wire three, three-phase and four-line metering system, being different from conventional electric energy meter need according to the external cable mode of connection.
Although the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; but it is not for limiting the present invention; any those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the Method and Technology content of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized to make possible variation and amendment to technical solution of the present invention; therefore; every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention; the any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. there is an intelligent acess formula electric energy meter for harmonic detection function, it is characterized in that, comprise
Part of data acquisition, comprises optical fiber receiver-transmitter module and ethernet PHY controller, and described optical fiber receiver-transmitter module receives the standard compliant data message that merge cells sends, and completes the collection of information, and is transmitted to described ethernet PHY controller; Ethernet PHY controller, carries out frame check to the data received and removes frame head and postamble;
Data processing section, comprises DSP, after described DSP receives packet, Frame is resolved, extracts sampled data wherein, adopt fft algorithm to complete the calculating of voltage, electric current, each harmonic and performance number, and be uploaded to MCU by serial ports, control the output of output pulses simultaneously;
Data management part, comprises MCU, and described MCU completes calculating and the management of the electrical energy parameters such as active energy, reactive energy, requirement;
Data communication part, shows every data by display module as required, and carries out communication transfer by infrared or 485 communication interfaces, completes the monitoring of operational factor.
2. have the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fft algorithm comprises,
Butterfly coefficient initialization, the collection of data message;
Sampling, for every cycle to voltage and current sample Data Detection zero crossing accurately;
Synchronous interpolation, carries out synchronous interpolation processing by sampled data;
FFT converts call function and carries out real part and the imaginary part that FFT conversion obtains each sampled data, and calculates amplitude and the phase place of each harmonic according to the real part after FFT conversion and imaginary part;
Active power and the reactive power of first-harmonic and total harmonic wave is calculated respectively according to the voltage calculated, electric current, each harmonic amplitude.
3. there is the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described sampling step, adopt cross zero detecting method,
When detect be greater than certain threshold values and first be greater than the sampled point T of 0 time, get the N number of sampled point near this sampled point
fitting a straight line, by the value of t during least square method calculating y=0, is zero crossing accurately.The computing formula of zero crossing accurately:
Wherein: be sampled point
sampled value,
for the mean value of N number of sampled value.
4. there is the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described synchronous interpolation procedure adopts 2-base algorithm, adopting counts be 2 whole power side, synchronous interpolation procedure is synchronously the whole power side of 2, synchronous interpolation algorithm formula:
Wherein: n1 is sampling number, n2 is synchronously count (FFT conversion is counted), and T1 is former sampled point subscript, and T2 is synchronous sampling point subscript, y
t2for synchronized sampling value, y
t1for former sampled value.
5. there is the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described FFT shift step, adopt memory headroom optimized treatment method to be,
Define an array variable data [3] [FFTNum];
By the current sampling data that carries out after synchronous interpolation calculation stored in data [0], voltage sample value is stored in data [1];
During calculating, first FFT conversion is carried out to voltage sample value, transformation results will automatically stored in data [1] and data [2], data in data1 [1] and data [2] are carried out the first half stored in data [2] after amplitude and phase calculation, voltage harmonic amplitude and phase calculation formula are respectively:
Wherein: Re is real part, Im is imaginary part;
Again FFT conversion is carried out to current sampling data, result will automatically stored in data [0] and data [1], again by the amplitude after calculating and phase place stored in the latter half of data [2], current harmonics amplitude and phase calculation formula identical with voltage harmonic amplitude and phase calculation formula.
6. there is the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise power supply unit, described power supply unit adopts the Switching Power Supply of two-way redundancy wide region to power, and operating voltage range can reach 65 ~ 460Vac or 80 ~ 650Vac.
7. have the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described optical fiber receiver-transmitter module to be connected with merge cells by fiber medium and to realize Signal transmissions.
8. have the intelligent acess formula electric energy meter of harmonic detection function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise quantitative model, described quantitative model can adopt phase three-wire three or three-phase and four-line.
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