CN105445346B - A kind of construction method of optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor based on gold/zinc oxide composite and the detection method to bisphenol-A - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor based on gold/zinc oxide composite and the detection method to bisphenol-A Download PDFInfo
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- CN105445346B CN105445346B CN201510827034.2A CN201510827034A CN105445346B CN 105445346 B CN105445346 B CN 105445346B CN 201510827034 A CN201510827034 A CN 201510827034A CN 105445346 B CN105445346 B CN 105445346B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/301—Reference electrodes
Abstract
Method and a kind of quick, sensitive detection method using above-mentioned optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor to bisphenol-A the invention discloses a kind of optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor based on gold/zinc oxide composite, the present invention synthesizes bar-shaped gold/zinc oxide composites as photoelectricity beacon using two-step method, and by regulating and controlling the ratio of dopant gold, make the mass ratio of Au for 1% 10%, prepare the photoelectricity beacon of excellent performance, optical electro-chemistry detection sensitivity is improved, the concentration of bisphenol-A can effectively be detected by the change of photoelectric current；The advantages of equipment prepared in the present invention used in the bisphenol-A optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor based on gold/zinc oxide composite is simple, and sample handling processes are easier, has in cost, easily makes, efficiency and high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
Detected the present invention relates to the preparation method of gold/zinc oxide composite, and for the photoelectrochemical assay of bisphenol-A
Method, belongs to photoelectrochemical assay field.
Background technology
Bisphenol-A（BPA）It is a kind of common chemical substance and as the main component extensive use of polycarbonate plastic
In various polymeric type plastics things such as：Baby bottles, reusable water bottle, reusable plastic food container, polychlorostyrene
Vinyl film, paper and hardboard etc..But some researches show that bisphenol-A is a kind of endocrine disruption chemical substance, even connecing
Contact the bisphenol-A of low dosage（About 10-10–10-8M）The cell Proliferation of human body and the health of human body can be also subject to a significant impact.
Generally believe the pollution of bisphenol-A essentially from two aspects at present：（1）Bisphenol-A is to be discharged into environment when producing Related product
In；（2）Plastic products or paper products containing the bisphenol-A ester bond under acid condition or other physical conditions connect double
Phenol A monomers occur hydrolysis and can be discharged into environment.It is right since bisphenol-A has serious influence to environment and human health
The fast and effectively detection of bisphenol-A is food-safe and environment measuring has very important significance.Bisphenol-A is detected at present
Method has：Gas-chromatography, liquid chromatogram, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, LC-MS and high performance liquid chromatography etc., however, these methods are all
There can be following one or more shortcomings：Method is complicated, equipment is expensive, stability is poor, sensitivity is not high, selectivity is general, consumption
When etc..Therefore, convenience is sought, succinct, quick, sensitive and high specific bisphenol-A test method causes analysis worker's
Interest.
Zinc oxide can be as a kind of critically important N-shaped transition metal oxide, energy gap 3.37eV, bound exciton
60 meV, are easily excited at room temperature, have been now subjected to extensive concern.Nano zine oxide can be applied to UV emitter,
High-performance nano sensor, photochemical catalyst, solar cell, piezoelectric nano generator etc..However, nano zine oxide band gap
Wider, substantially visible light utilization efficiency is low, and the high recombination rate of photo-generate electron-hole pair largely limits its light and urges
Change and photoelectron conversion is in following application in practice.In order to solve this problem, many methods, including hydrogenation have been attempted recently
Method, doping method and method for coating other materials etc..
Optical electro-chemistry detection is a kind of novel analyzing detecting method, and Photochemical method and electrochemical methods phase
There is obvious advantage than photoelectrochemical assay method, because optical electro-chemistry detection is combined by separated light source and electrochemical workstation
Form, measurement is electric current caused by light excitation, its background signal is than relatively low.Optical electro-chemistry detection method is led based on light excitation
Electron-hole pair separation is caused, realizes that electronics is quick on measured object, semiconductor and electrode under conditions of appropriate inclined current potential
Transmit, so as to there is photo-signal output.For the structure of bisphenol-A optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor, gold/zinc oxide is explored
Relation between compositely proportional and photoelectric current, while the aptamer of modification bisphenol-A is realized on gold/zinc oxide composite
Detection to bisphenol-A is to build the direction that high specific, hypersensitive, environmental-friendly and easy optical electro-chemistry sensor are made great efforts.
The content of the invention
It is a kind of multiple based on gold/zinc oxide it is an object of the invention to provide structure in order to overcome deficiency of the prior art
The method of the optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor of condensation material；It is another object of the present invention to provide one kind to use above-mentioned photoelectricity
Quick, sensitive detection method of the chemical aptamer sensor to bisphenol-A.
Technical solution：The structure of optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor of the present invention based on gold/zinc oxide composite
Method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: preparing gold/zinc oxide composite, and dropped on clean ITO electro-conductive glass；
Step 2: the aptamer of bisphenol-A is dissolved in Tris-EDTA buffer solutions under the conditions of 35 ~ 40 C, 1 is made into
μmol L-1Adaptation liquid solution；
Step 3: the aptamers that the gold/zinc oxide built in step 1 /ITO electro-conductive glass is immersed to step 2 preparation are molten
In liquid, aptamers is attached in gold nano, the electrode is rinsed with Tris-HCL buffer solutions；
Step 4: drop coating mercaptoethanol solution is to block non-spy in the aptamers/gold/zinc oxide/ITO electrode assembled
The site that the opposite sex combines, is then alternately cleaned several times with absolute ethyl alcohol and pure water and is dried up with nitrogen, final optical electro-chemistry adaptation
Body sensor structure is completed；
Its base sequence of the aptamer of the bisphenol-A is：5'-(SH)-(CH2)6-CCGGTGGGTG-
GTCAGGTGGGATAGCGTTCCGCGTATGGCCCAGCGCATCACGGGTTCGCAC-CA-3'；
Preferably, the mass ratio of Au is 1 %-10 % in the gold/zinc oxide composite prepared in step 1.
A kind of detection side based on gold/zinc oxide composite to the optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor of bisphenol-A to bisphenol-A
Method, step are as follows：
Step 1: using the aptamers/gold/zinc oxide/ITO electro-conductive glass prepared as working electrode, platinum filament as pair
Three electrodes are inserted into the 0.1mol L containing a certain concentration bisphenol-A by electrode, saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode-1PBS,
PH is in 7.0 buffer solutions；
Step 2: using the three-electrode system of step 1, m- electric current test technology during use, inclined current potential is 0.2V, in mould
Intend the lower progress photosignal detection of sunlight irradiation；
Step 3: corresponding to photocurrent values according to different bisphenol A concentrations, bisphenol A concentration-photoelectric current quantitative relationship side is drawn
Journey；
Step 4：The photocurrent values of sample to be tested, the quantitative relationship equation drawn with reference to step 3 are tested, test sample is treated in measuring and calculating
The concentration of bisphenol-A in product.
Preferably, the detection range to bisphenol-A is 1-1000 nmol L-1 。
The principle of the present invention：Noble metal can effectively improve valence state and separate and cause in visible region surface plasma
Resonance body, in the recent period, noble metal decorated zinc oxide have caused very big attention.In these noble metals, due to gold nano grain
Performance stablize relatively, and there is catalytic activity and optical sensibility, therefore become a better choice object.Nucleic acid is fitted
Ligand has been successfully used in identifying target molecule, such as amino acid, protein and one as a kind of special molecular recognition original paper
A little small molecules.Aptamer is compared with immunological technique apparent advantage, such as easy artificial synthesized process, and size is more
It is small and more stable.Since the gold atom and sulfydryl of nanogold have stronger compatibility, can be formed with reference to the very strong Au-Sization of power
Key is learned, this strong bonding action can be such that sulfhydryl compound firmly adsorbs on gold nano grain very much, according to this principle,
Thus DNA sequence dna can be made to be attached in nanogold the one of DNA sequence dna terminal modified upper sulfydryl.
Testing result is shown, with the increase of bisphenol A concentration, photoelectric current is into downward trend, and in the range of a certain concentration
The logarithm of the difference and concentration of photoelectric current during without bisphenol-A and photoelectric current during containing a certain amount of bisphenol-A is linear.It is double
Under the conditions of phenol A is existing, aptamer specifically combines bisphenol-A, and the structure of aptamers is changed into G- tetrads, this makes adaptation
Body long-channel is closed, and subsequent electronics is passed through mouth and is also switched off, and causes electronics can not pass to electrode surface, and final photoelectric current reduces, root
The degree declined according to photoelectric current can calculate the concentration of bisphenol-A.
Advantageous effects：（1）The present invention synthesizes bar-shaped gold/zinc oxide composites as optical telecommunications using two-step method
Mark, and by regulating and controlling the ratio of dopant gold, the mass ratio for making Au is 1 %-10 %, prepares the photoelectricity beacon of excellent performance,
Optical electro-chemistry detection sensitivity is improved, particularly photoelectric current is maximum when the mass ratio of gold is 7%, can pass through the change of photoelectric current
Change and the concentration of bisphenol-A is effectively detected；（2）The bisphenol-A light based on gold/zinc oxide composite is prepared in the present invention
Equipment used in electrochemical aptamer sensor is simple, and sample handling processes are easier, has in cost, easily makes, efficiency
And the advantages of high sensitivity；（3）The detection mechanism of the present invention is made based on the corresponding aptamer specificity of bisphenol-A
With, and measured by interference experiment, the interference of other similar medicines is eliminated, improves the selectivity of its photoelectrochemical method detection.
The present invention originally provides a kind of bisphenol-A aptamers optical electro-chemistry sensing built based on gold/zinc oxide composite
The method of device, and the detection method to bisphenol-A.For gold/zinc oxide composites, gold nano grain can effectively improve valence state
Separate and cause in visible region surface plasma body resonant vibration, zinc oxide valence band is narrowed, electronics is easier transition, photoelectricity
Stream increase；Further, since the gold atom and sulfydryl of nanogold have stronger compatibility, can be formed with reference to the very strong Au-S chemistry of power
Key, so nanogold is also used as the binding site of mercapto-modified aptamers.When containing bisphenol-A in solution, aptamers
Structure be changed into G- tetrads, this closes aptamers long-channel, and subsequent electronics is passed through mouth and is also switched off, and causes electronics not pass to
Electrode surface, final photoelectric current reduce, and bisphenol-A is detected according to this principle.Detection to bisphenol-A is lower based on light excitation
Photoelectric current is as output signal, and detection signal background is low, without costly instrument and equipment and complicated sample treatment, stability
Good, detection sensitivity is high；In addition without enzyme modified electrode, cost easily makes than relatively low, and the whole efficiency of detection is high.This hair
The bisphenol-A aptamers optical electro-chemistry sensor experiment the results show of bright gold/zinc oxide composite is wide with the range of linearity（1-
1000 nmol L-1）, detection line it is low（0.5nmol L-1）, high specific, it is environmental-friendly the features such as.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope picture of gold/zinc oxide composite；
Fig. 2 is zinc oxide of the present invention（a）With gold/zinc oxide composite（b）X-x ray diffration pattern x；
Fig. 3 is the quantitative relationship fit equation figure that the photoelectrochemical method based on gold/zinc oxide composite detects bisphenol-A；
Fig. 4 is the photocurrent curve of different quality gold/zinc oxide composites.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
（One）The structure of optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor based on gold/zinc oxide composite,
First, ITO electro-conductive glass is cut into the cm of 1 cm × 4, the use of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water volume ratio is 1:
1:50 mixed solutions are cleaned, flushing operation, and then naturally dry is stand-by at room temperature.
Then, by 10 mLZn (NO3)2∙6H2O solution（0.5 M）It is molten that 10 mL4 M KOH are added dropwise under magnetic stirring
In liquid, then mixed solution is transferred in the borosilicate glass bottle of 100 mL 12 h are reacted under the conditions of 30 C, it is heavy to be collected by centrifugation
Starch, with absolute ethyl alcohol and pure water alternately washing mixture 3 times, the sediment after washing is dried under 70 C, and pure zirconia is made
Zinc material.
Subsequently, by suitable HAuCl4∙4H2O（0.01 gmL-1）Solution, wherein Au:Mass ratio 7 wt% and 1 of ZnO
ML methanol solutions are added in the pure water of 20 mL, are weighed the zinc oxide obtained by 30 mg and are added in mixed liquor, are slowly stirred 1
Mixed liquor, is then transferred in 50 mL autoclaves and 1 h is reacted under the conditions of 120 C by h, cooled to room temperature, finally
Sediment is collected by centrifugation, replaces washing precipitate 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, the sediment after washing is in 70 C bars
Dried under part, gold/zinc oxide composites are finally made, the transmission electron microscope picture of gold/zinc oxide composite is as shown in Figure 1.Oxidation
Zinc（a）With gold/zinc oxide composite（b）X-x ray diffration pattern x it is as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows that gold/zinc oxide is compound
Material is successfully prepared.
Synthetic gold/the zinc oxide of 4 mg is weighed to pour in separately in the centrifuge tube of 5 mL, then take 4 mL deionized waters inject from
In heart pipe, 30 min of ultrasound, make it be uniformly dispersed, and form 1 mgmL-1Suspension, the suspension for taking 20 μ L scattered drops in place
On the ITO electro-conductive glass managed, the round spot of a diameter of 5 mm is formed, naturally dry forms uniform film, Ran Hou at room temperature
1 h is heat-treated under the conditions of 450 C, cooled to room temperature, makes gold/zinc oxide composites firmly be incorporated in ITO electro-conductive glass
On.
Finally, by the aptamer of bisphenol-A, its base sequence is：5'-(SH)-(CH2)6-CCGGTGGGTG-
GTCAGGTGGGATAGCGTTCCGCGTATGGCCCAGCGCATCACGGGTTCGCAC-CA-3 ' is in 35 ~ 40 C bars
Tris-EDTA buffer solutions are dissolved under part, are made into 1 μm of ol L-1Adaptation liquid solution, the gold/zinc oxide/ITO built is led
Electric glass immerses 1 μm of ol L-1Adaptation liquid solution under the conditions of 4 C overnight, aptamers is attached in gold nano, use
Tris-HCL buffer solutions rinse the electrode, remove aptamers of the physical absorption on surface, then the aptamers assembled/
In gold/zinc oxide/ITO electrode in drop coating 10 μ L, 1 mM mercaptoethanol（MCH）Solution keeps 30 min to make it at room temperature
The site of non-specific binding is blocked, is then alternately cleaned several times and is dried up with nitrogen, final photoelectricity with absolute ethyl alcohol and pure water
Chemical aptamer sensor is built successfully.
（Two）, based on detection of the gold/zinc oxide composite to the optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor of bisphenol-A, will prepare
Good aptamers/gold/zinc oxide/ITO electro-conductive glass is used as to electrode, saturated calomel electrode conduct as working electrode, platinum filament
Three electrodes are inserted into the 0.1mol L containing a certain concentration bisphenol-A by reference electrode-1PH be 7.0 PBS buffer solutions in.Adopt
Used time m- electric current test technology, inclined current potential are 0.2V, and photosignal detection is carried out under simulated solar irradiation irradiation.According to difference
Bisphenol A concentration corresponds to photocurrent values, draws bisphenol A concentration-photoelectric current quantitative relationship equation, and the results are shown in Figure 3, and test is to be measured
During sample, same system is built, tests the photocurrent values of sample to be tested, with reference to the quantitative relationship equation drawn, test sample is treated in measuring and calculating
The concentration of bisphenol-A in product.
Embodiment 2
Basic step is same as Example 1, and difference lies in by suitable HAuCl4∙4H2O（0.01 gmL-1）Solution, wherein
Au:ZnO, than being added with 1 mL methanol solutions in the pure water of 20 mL, weighs the zinc oxide obtained by 30 mg by certain mass
Add in mixed liquor, be slowly stirred 1 h, then mixed liquor is transferred in 50 mL autoclaves and is reacted under the conditions of 120 C
1 h, cooled to room temperature, is finally collected by centrifugation sediment, replaces washing precipitate 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water,
Sediment after washing is dried under the conditions of 70 C, and gold/zinc oxide composites are finally made.Au in the step:The quality of ZnO
Than for 1wt%.
Embodiment 3
Basic step is same as Example 1, and difference lies in by suitable HAuCl4∙4H2O（0.01 gmL-1）Solution, wherein
Au:ZnO, than being added with 1 mL methanol solutions in the pure water of 20 mL, weighs the zinc oxide obtained by 30 mg by certain mass
Add in mixed liquor, be slowly stirred 1 h, then mixed liquor is transferred in 50 mL autoclaves and is reacted under the conditions of 120 C
1 h, cooled to room temperature, is finally collected by centrifugation sediment, replaces washing precipitate 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water,
Sediment after washing is dried under the conditions of 70 C, and gold/zinc oxide composites are finally made.Au in the step:The quality of ZnO
Than for 3wt%.
Embodiment 4
Basic step is same as Example 1, and difference lies in by suitable HAuCl4∙4H2O（0.01 gmL-1）Solution, wherein
Au:ZnO, than being added with 1 mL methanol solutions in the pure water of 20 mL, weighs the zinc oxide obtained by 30 mg by certain mass
Add in mixed liquor, be slowly stirred 1 h, then mixed liquor is transferred in 50 mL autoclaves and is reacted under the conditions of 120 C
1 h, cooled to room temperature, is finally collected by centrifugation sediment, replaces washing precipitate 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water,
Sediment after washing is dried under the conditions of 70 C, and gold/zinc oxide composites are finally made.Au in the step:The quality of ZnO
Than for 5wt%.
Embodiment 5
Basic step is same as Example 1, and difference lies in by suitable HAuCl4∙4H2O（0.01 gmL-1）Solution, wherein
Au:ZnO, than being added with 1 mL methanol solutions in the pure water of 20 mL, weighs the zinc oxide obtained by 30 mg by certain mass
Add in mixed liquor, be slowly stirred 1 h, then mixed liquor is transferred in 50 mL autoclaves and is reacted under the conditions of 120 C
1 h, cooled to room temperature, is finally collected by centrifugation sediment, replaces washing precipitate 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water,
Sediment after washing is dried under the conditions of 70 C, and gold/zinc oxide composites are finally made.Au in the step:The quality of ZnO
Than for 9wt%.
Embodiment 6
Basic step is same as Example 1, and difference lies in by suitable HAuCl4∙4H2O（0.01 gmL-1）Solution, wherein
Au:ZnO, than being added with 1 mL methanol solutions in the pure water of 20 mL, weighs the zinc oxide obtained by 30 mg by certain mass
Add in mixed liquor, be slowly stirred 1 h, then mixed liquor is transferred in 50 mL autoclaves and is reacted under the conditions of 120 C
1 h, cooled to room temperature, is finally collected by centrifugation sediment, replaces washing precipitate 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water,
Sediment after washing is dried under the conditions of 70 C, and gold/zinc oxide composites are finally made.Au in the step:The quality of ZnO
Than for 10wt%.
Different quality represents 0%, 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 than a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i respectively
The photocurrent curve of % gold/zinc oxide composites is as shown in figure 4, the results show works as Au:Responded most during 7 wt% of mass ratio of ZnO
It is excellent.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of construction method of the optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor based on gold/zinc oxide composite, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: preparing gold/zinc oxide composite, and dropped on clean ITO electro-conductive glass；Step 2: the core by bisphenol-A
Sour aptamers are dissolved in Tris-EDTA buffer solutions under the conditions of 35 ~ 40 DEG C, are made into 1 μm of olL-1Adaptation liquid solution；Step 3:
Gold/the zinc oxide built in step 1 /ITO electro-conductive glass is immersed in the adaptation liquid solution that step 2 is prepared, make aptamers knot
Close in gold nano, electrode is rinsed with Tris-HCL buffer solutions；Step 4: the aptamers/gold/zinc oxide assembled/
Drop coating mercaptoethanol solution is then clear with absolute ethyl alcohol and pure water alternating to block the site of non-specific binding in ITO electrode
Wash several times and dried up with nitrogen, final light electrochemical aptamer sensor structure is completed.
2. the structure side of the optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor according to claim 1 based on gold/zinc oxide composite
Method, it is characterised in that its base sequence of the aptamer of the bisphenol-A is：5'-(SH)-(CH2)6-CCGGTGGGTG-
GTCAGGTGGGATAGCGTTCCGCGTATGGCCCAGCGCATCACGGGTTCGCAC-CA-3'。
3. the structure side of the optical electro-chemistry aptamer sensor according to claim 1 based on gold/zinc oxide composite
Method, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of Au is 1%-10% in the gold/zinc oxide composite prepared in step 1.
A kind of 4. optical electro-chemistry aptamers according to claim 1 or 2 based on gold/zinc oxide composite to bisphenol-A
The sensor of the construction method structure of sensor is as follows to the detection method of bisphenol-A, step：Step 1: the adaptation that will be prepared
Body/gold/zinc oxide/ITO electro-conductive glass is used as to electrode, saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode as working electrode, platinum filament,
Three electrodes are inserted into the 0.1molL containing a certain concentration bisphenol-A-1PBS, pH be 7.0 buffer solutions in；Step 2: using step
Rapid one three-electrode system, m- electric current test technology during use, inclined current potential is 0.2V, and light is carried out under simulated solar irradiation irradiation
Electrical signal detection；Step 3: corresponding to photocurrent values according to different bisphenol A concentrations, bisphenol A concentration-photoelectric current quantitative relationship is drawn
Equation；Step 4：The photocurrent values of sample to be tested are tested, the quantitative relationship equation drawn with reference to step 3, calculates sample to be tested
The concentration of middle bisphenol-A.
5. a kind of detection method according to claim 4 to bisphenol-A, it is characterised in that the detection range to bisphenol-A is
1-1000nmolL-1。
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| CN106841339A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-06-13 | 吉林大学 | A kind of aptamer sensor for detecting bisphenol-A and preparation method thereof |
| CN107064263B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2019-04-16 | 同济大学 | Aptamer photoelectric sensor and preparation method thereof for detecting Atrazine |
| CN109507255B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-02-12 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method and application of bismuth/carbon nitride photoelectric material |
| CN112710704A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-27 | 安徽大学 | Au nanoparticle loaded porous ZnO nanobelt and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114577871A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-06-03 | 安徽大学 | Application of Au/ZnO composite material in photoelectrochemical sensor electrode |
| CN115165995A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-10-11 | 西北大学 | Detection method of ochracin A and preparation method of electrochemical OTA aptamer sensor |
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