CN105445185A - A method of accurately measuring distribution uniformity of a second phase with segregation in a material - Google Patents
A method of accurately measuring distribution uniformity of a second phase with segregation in a material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105445185A CN105445185A CN201410428916.7A CN201410428916A CN105445185A CN 105445185 A CN105445185 A CN 105445185A CN 201410428916 A CN201410428916 A CN 201410428916A CN 105445185 A CN105445185 A CN 105445185A
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Abstract
A method of accurately measuring distribution uniformity of a second phase with segregation in a material is provided. The method includes abstracting the second phase as a mass point the mass of which is centralized at the center, quantitatively materializing and numeralizing the degree of uniformity of the second phase in a matrix by means of a mathematical manner, writing the mathematical manner into a program, directly acquiring a uniformity result by inputting coordinate data from a terminal by a user, summarizing the obtained results by the user and making a chart. Metallographic phase analysis through semi-quantitative methods at present and a large quantity of numerical statement are overcome by the method. Based on statistical methods of randomly distributed second phases, and aiming at distribution uniformity of the second phase with segregation or directional distribution in the matrix, the novel method is provided for quantitatively representing distribution uniformity of the second phase with segregation in the matrix. The method is characterized by being objective, simple, convenient and accurate, and has no limit to the number of particles in a metallographic phase field.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of metallographic detection, is specifically related to the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in a kind of accurate determination of material.
Background technology
Second-phase space distribution situation in the base can be divided into qualitatively be uniformly distributed, stochastic distribution, segregation distribute three types, wherein segregation distribution can be divided into assemble agglomerating, be gathered into line and be gathered into the polytypes such as face (layered distribution), as Figure 1-4.
In practical structures and functional material, second-phase distributes in the base seldom can according to distribution uniform sequential shown in Fig. 1, and most of second-phase in the base with random or segregation distributions in matrix.Such as, after mild carbon steel annealing in process, second-phase is all to be randomly distributed in matrix; In fibre reinforced composites, fiber cross-sectional to distribute stochastic distribution at matrix, as shown in Figure 2; After the thermal treatment of (alpha+beta) biphase titanium alloy, second-phase is agglomerating around primary alpha phase phase interface segregation; Titanium alloy, superalloy powder after hydrostatic profile and thermal treatment second-phase around prima facies interface forming core, grow up, and segregation is around prima facies interface, as shown in Figure 3; To cold drawing wirework, processing streamline distributes in the axial direction; α or (alpha+beta) titanium alloy after monophase field Quench and temper process, second-phase mainly at lath interface forming core, magnify, and on lath interface segregation distribution, as shown in Figure 3.
For the second-phase of stochastic distribution in material matrix, a lot of researchers has launched the work of being correlated with, but for having the problem of segregation second-phase, also not providing direct method and carrying out adding up and describing.In conjunction with the experiment condition of oneself, scientific research task group belonging to inventor to second-phase in the base distributing homogeneity carried out the description of system.In the patent application document that " measures the method for intracrystalline second-phase distributing homogeneity in the base " previously, can solve for the agglomerating phenomenon of segregation, but the phenomenon that segregation is agglomerated into line can not be added up.
For previous deficiency, people expect that obtaining additive method describes the second-phase with the second segregation phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for the excellent quantitative measurement segregation second-phase of a kind of technique effect distributing homogeneity in the base.
The method of segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in accurate determination of material of the present invention; It is characterized in that: second-phase is abstracted into particle; Then go quantitative second-phase homogeneity degree in the base being specialized by means of mathematical method, quantize; Then mathematical method is written as program, user only needs, in terminal input data, directly can obtain the result wanted.The result that program obtains by end user gathers together, is organized into chart.Utilize chart data can reflect the distributing homogeneity degree of second-phase in material intuitively.
In described accurate determination of material, the requirement of the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity is: the first centre coordinate of all substrates second-phase in acquisition field of view, then calculates second-phase uniformity results in the base according to coordinate information.
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in, statistical indicator be to measure in two-dimensional field of view each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the spacing of second-phase and each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the slope of second-phase, then comprehensively analyze; Specific requirement is as follows successively:
First, metallographic sample and metallographic observation is prepared; Metallographic sample surface requirements: contrast is clearly demarcated, and outline line is evenly clear, and flatness, cleanliness factor, homogeneity will be got well;
Then, metallographic examination software or image analysis software is utilized to obtain each Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (X in visual field
iy
i), and each coordinate figure is saved in text;
Finally, according to Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (X each in visual field
iy
i), utilize the software of the mensuration second-phase distributing homogeneity write in person, only need above-mentioned text be copied in the text of requirement, calculate all second phase particles on average nearest, secondary nearest or other definition spacing in two dimensional surface in this visual field
with corresponding standard deviation
t, provide the slope y ' of each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous the most contiguous, secondary second-phase simultaneously, and slope converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction;
By integrating the data under all visual fields, make
and σ
twith the chart of sample position, the homogeneity that reflection second-phase distributes at whole two-dimensional space; Make the change curve of numbers of particles/percentage composition with angle theta in different angle theta interval, whether reflection second-phase has segregation phenomenon.
The requirement preparing metallographic sample and metallographic observation is as follows:
1) sample is chosen: for enabling measurement data reflect truth value really, and same material selects 3-5 parallel sample in its really representative position, comprising the end of sample, center and 1/2 place; The alloy that alloy even tissue gender gap is larger should increase the number of sample or do special statistics and calculating to uneven position; Vertical and be parallel to oriented direction plane of organizing as the flour milling of metallographic specimen to organizing the directive Material selec-tion of tool;
2) sample grinding and polishing: after cutting sample line, 150# is used successively in surface, 320#, 800#, 2000# abrasive paper for metallograph polishes, and is then the silicon dioxide polishing solution polishing of 50 μm by granularity
3) sample corrosion: etching pit method is specially one of the following or a combination thereof: chemical corrosion method, electrochemical erosion method, decoration method.In order to improve the accuracy of measurement data, when etching pit, not only will show details and the feature of each tissue in alloy, also want the contrast of each tissue display clearly demarcated, outline line is evenly clear, and the flatness of whole sample, cleanliness factor, homogeneity all will be got well.
4) Storage of sample: after etching pit completes, rinsed well by sample surfaces with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol successively, cool breeze dries up, and then seals preservation.
5) metallographic observation: for same metallographic specimen, should choose all kinds of representational measurement field positions, specifically comprise sample marginal position, center; And measure visual field and should have randomness and statistically, ensure to comprise more than 100 second phase particles in visual field.Concrete metallographic observation method is: bright field illumination, oblique illumination, dark ground illumination, polarized light, interference technique, fluorescence microscopy, ultraviolet microtechnic.
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in, second-phase uniformity meets following requirement:
1) convert metallograph to gray level, contrast difference between adjustment second-phase and matrix, make the outline line of second-phase obvious, contrast is clearly demarcated;
2) metallographic examination software or conventional image analysis software is utilized to obtain each Second Phase Particle Geometric center coordinates (X in visual field
iy
i), and each coordinate figure is saved in text;
3) above-mentioned text is copied in demand file, can obtain all second phase particles in this visual field on average nearest, secondary recently or other specify Spacing
with corresponding standard deviation
t;
4) calculate the slope of the most contiguous, secondary vicinity or other two particles required under each visual field, and slope is converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction;
5) in conjunction with the data that other visual fields obtain, all spacing
and standard deviation
tdata are made a two-dimentional broken line graph, and wherein the numerical value of standard deviation can reflect the homogeneity of second-phase local distribution in the base, and average headway can reflect with the change of visual field chosen position the homogeneity that second-phase distributes in whole material;
To be evenly distributed in second-phase matrix sex chromosome mosaicism for the second-phase with segregation distribution, can by
and σ
ton the basis of two dimension broken line graph, make the change curve of numbers of particles/percentage composition with angle theta in different angle theta interval, two groups of data be combined with each other, and can characterize the second-phase with segregation phenomenon;
For the numbers of particles/ratio in different angle theta interval with the change curve of angle theta, if second-phase stochastic distribution in material matrix, then curve can be approximately horizontal line, shows that second-phase is distributed in different directions and is evenly distributed; If second-phase is segregation distribution in material matrix, then there is several maximum value in curve, shows that second-phase has segregation phenomenon in extreme value place direction, and segregation degree is characterized by the size of Curve Maximization, number;
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in the mathematical method used as follows:
The formula of Second Phase Particles spacing t:
Average arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing
formula:
The standard deviation of arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing
tformula:
The slope y ' of arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing:
Wherein (x
1, y
1) and (x
2, y
2) distribution is the position coordinates of Second Phase Particles 1 and 2; t
1: with the particle spacing of Second Phase Particles 1 arest neighbors in visual field, t
2, t
3... t
nas t
1; N: one total N number of Second Phase Particles.
Advantage of the present invention: this method overcomes and existingly utilizes semiquantitative method to analyze metallographic and a large amount of statistical works, on the basis of stochastic distribution second-phase statistical method, there is directivity second-phase to be evenly distributed in the base sex chromosome mosaicism for having segregation or distribution, propose the sign segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in the base that a kind of new method can be quantitative.There is more objective, easy, feature accurately, and the numbers of particles of metallographic visual field is not limited.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and the embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1 is second-phase equally distributed schematic diagram in the base;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of second-phase stochastic distribution in the base;
Fig. 3 is the second-phase schematic diagram that segregation is agglomerating in the base;
Fig. 4 be second-phase in the base segregation become the schematic diagram of line;
Fig. 5 is the distribution plan of spherical graphite second-phase in spheroidal-graphite cast iron;
Fig. 6 is the change curve of average headway with sample position of arest neighbors spherical graphite second-phase in spheroidal-graphite cast iron;
Fig. 7 is the change curve of the angle of the straight line and X-axis positive dirction crossing arest neighbors graphite second-phase in the spheroidal-graphite cast iron percentage composition in different angle theta interval with angle theta;
Fig. 8 is second-phase when being uniformly distributed, and the percentage composition in different angle theta interval is with the change curve of angle theta;
Fig. 9 be second-phase segregation agglomerating time, the percentage composition in middle different angle theta interval with change curve Figure 10 of angle theta be second-phase segregation become line time, the percentage composition in different angle theta interval is with the change curve of angle theta;
Figure 11 is the wire distribution plan of Zr-Nb alloy second-phase after distortion and thermal treatment;
Figure 12 is that the average headway of arest neighbors second-phase in Zr-Nb alloy is with sample position change curve;
Figure 13 is in second-phase shown in Figure 11, and in different angle theta interval, the percentage composition of second-phase is with the change curve of angle theta.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The method of segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in the present embodiment accurate determination of material: the particle that second-phase is abstracted into; Then go quantitative second-phase homogeneity degree in the base being specialized by means of mathematical method, quantize.
In described accurate determination of material, the requirement of the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity is: the first centre coordinate of all substrates second-phase in acquisition field of view, then calculates second-phase uniformity results in the base according to coordinate information.
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in, statistical indicator be to measure in two-dimensional field of view each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the spacing of second-phase and each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the slope of second-phase, then comprehensively analyze; Specific requirement is as follows successively:
First, metallographic sample and metallographic observation is prepared;
Then, analysis obtains each Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (X in visual field
iy
i), and each coordinate figure is preserved;
Finally, according to Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (X each in visual field
iy
i), calculate all second phase particles on average nearest, secondary nearest or other definition spacing in two dimensional surface in this visual field
with corresponding standard deviation
t, provide simultaneously each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the slope y ' of second-phase, and slope is converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction;
By integrating the data under all visual fields, make
and σ
twith the chart of sample position, the homogeneity that reflection second-phase distributes at whole two-dimensional space; Make the change curve of numbers of particles/percentage composition with angle theta in different angle theta interval, whether reflection second-phase has segregation phenomenon.
The requirement preparing metallographic sample and metallographic observation is as follows:
1) sample is chosen: for enabling measurement data reflect truth value really, and same material selects 3-5 parallel sample in its really representative position, comprising the end of sample, center and 1/2 place; The alloy that alloy even tissue gender gap is larger, should increase the number of sample or do special statistics and calculating to uneven position; To organizing the directive material of tool, selecting vertical and being parallel to oriented direction plane of organizing as the flour milling of metallographic specimen;
2) sample grinding and polishing: after cutting sample line, 150# is used successively in surface, 320#, 800#, 2000# abrasive paper for metallograph polishes, and is then the polishing fluid polishing of 50 μm by granularity;
3) sample corrosion: etching pit method is specially one of the following or a combination thereof: chemical corrosion method, electrochemical erosion method, decoration method;
4) Storage of sample: after etching pit completes, rinsed well by sample surfaces with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol successively, cool breeze dries up, and then seals preservation;
5) metallographic observation: for same metallographic specimen, should choose all kinds of representational measurement field positions, specifically comprise sample marginal position, center; And measure visual field and should have randomness and statistically, ensure to comprise more than 100 second phase particles in visual field.Concrete metallographic observation method is: bright field illumination, oblique illumination, dark ground illumination, polarized light, interference technique, fluorescence microscopy, ultraviolet microtechnic.
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in, second-phase uniformity meets following requirement:
1) convert metallograph to gray level, contrast difference between adjustment second-phase and matrix, make the outline line of second-phase obvious, contrast is clearly demarcated;
2) metallographic examination software or conventional image analysis software is utilized to obtain each Second Phase Particle Geometric center coordinates (X in visual field
iy
i), and each coordinate figure is saved in text;
3) above-mentioned text is copied in demand file, can obtain all second phase particles in this visual field on average nearest, secondary recently or other specify Spacing
with corresponding standard deviation
t;
4) calculate the slope of the most contiguous, secondary vicinity or other two particles required under each visual field, and slope is converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction;
5) in conjunction with the data that other visual fields obtain, all spacing
and standard deviation
tdata are made a two-dimentional broken line graph, and wherein the numerical value of standard deviation can reflect the homogeneity of second-phase local distribution in the base, and average headway can reflect with the change of visual field chosen position the homogeneity that second-phase distributes in whole material;
To be evenly distributed in second-phase matrix sex chromosome mosaicism for the second-phase with segregation distribution, by
and σ
ton the basis of two dimension broken line graph, make the change curve of numbers of particles/percentage composition with angle theta in different angle theta interval, two groups of data be combined with each other, and can characterize the second-phase with segregation phenomenon;
For the numbers of particles/ratio in different angle theta interval with the change curve of angle theta, if second-phase stochastic distribution in material matrix, then curve can be approximately horizontal line, shows that second-phase is distributed in different directions and is evenly distributed; If second-phase is segregation distribution in material matrix, then there is several maximum value in curve, shows that second-phase has segregation phenomenon in extreme value place direction, and segregation degree is characterized by the size of Curve Maximization, number;
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in the mathematical method used as follows:
The formula of Second Phase Particles spacing t:
Average arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing
formula:
The standard deviation of arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing
tformula:
The slope y ' of arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing:
Wherein (x
1, y
1) and (x
2, y
2) distribution is the position coordinates of Second Phase Particles 1 and 2; t
1: with the particle spacing of Second Phase Particles 1 arest neighbors in visual field, t
2, t
3... t
nas t
1; N: one total N number of Second Phase Particles.
The advantage of the present embodiment: this method overcomes and existingly utilizes semiquantitative method to analyze metallographic and a large amount of statistical works, on the basis of stochastic distribution second-phase statistical method, there is directivity second-phase to be evenly distributed in the base sex chromosome mosaicism for having segregation or distribution, propose the sign segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in the base that a kind of new method can be quantitative.There is more objective, easy, feature accurately, and the numbers of particles of metallographic visual field is not limited.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment content is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and its difference is:
Its specifically in spheroidal-graphite cast iron graphite second-phase to be evenly distributed in the base sex chromosome mosaicism; See accompanying drawing 5-10; Illustrate content as follows:
Choose the visual field of 10 diverse locations in the sample to which, shooting metallograph.And convert metallograph to gray level, contrast difference between adjustment second-phase and matrix.Then utilize image analysis software to obtain each Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (XiYi) in visual field, and coordinate figure is saved in the file of " coordinate file .txt " and (separates with space or enter key between coordinate X, Y).Last working procedure can obtain on average nearest, the secondary nearest spacing of all second phase particles in each visual field
with corresponding standard deviation
t, and cross the straight slope of corresponding two particles, and slope is converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction.All visual fields are obtained
, σ
twith θ data summarization to together with, be organized into chart respectively as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Wherein, Fig. 6 gives the change curve that the average Nearest neighbor distance of graphite second-phase and standard deviation change with sample position, and this part content is described later in detail in the patent method of distributing homogeneity " a kind of Accurate Measurement intracrystalline second-phase in the base "; Fig. 7 gave the straight line of arest neighbors graphite second-phase and the angle theta of X-axis positive dirction, and percentage composition shared by the interval Second Phase Particle of different angle theta is with the change curve of angle θ.As can be seen from Figure 7, within the scope of different angles, the content of second-phase is all between 4% ~ 7%, and this also demonstrates when graphite second-phase distributes in the base from the side close to uniform.
From above-mentioned analysis result, when second-phase distributes close to time even in the base, be consistent from the angle of arest neighbors second-phase spacing with the analysis result from the angle with X-axis positive dirction angle.But when second-phase distribution is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, if only can not analyze the degree of uniformity of second-phase distribution comprehensively, accurately from the angle analysis of arest neighbors second-phase spacing, this just needs further to analyze from the angle with X-axis positive dirction angle.When (as shown in Figure 1) when Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 sets forth second-phase regular distribution, segregation are agglomerating, (as shown in Figure 3) becomes line with segregation (as shown in Figure 4), shared by the interval Second Phase Particle of different angle theta, percentage composition is with the change curve of angle θ.As can be seen from Figure 8, the second-phase of all arest neighbors is all on 0 ° and 90 ° of directions, and this and Fig. 1 are corresponding; As can be seen from Figure 9, the distribution arrangement regularity of the second-phase of arest neighbors is not strong, has distribution in all directions; As can be seen from Figure 10, second-phase segregation on 30 ° ~ 90 ° directions of all arest neighbors.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment content is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and its difference is:
Its specifically Zr-Nb alloy through distortion and thermal treatment after segregation analysis second-phase the sex chromosome mosaicism that is evenly distributed; See accompanying drawing 11-13; Illustrate content as follows:
Choose the visual field of 5 diverse locations in the sample to which, shooting electron scanning micrograph.And convert photo to gray level, contrast difference between adjustment second-phase and matrix.Then utilize image analysis software to obtain each Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (XiYi) in visual field, and coordinate figure is saved in the file of " coordinate file .txt " and (separates with space or enter key between coordinate X, Y).Last working procedure can obtain on average nearest, the secondary nearest spacing of all second phase particles in each visual field
with corresponding standard deviation
t, and cross the straight slope of corresponding two particles, and slope data is converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction.All visual fields are obtained
σ
twith θ data summarization to together with, be organized into chart respectively as Figure 12 and Figure 13.Wherein, Figure 12 gives the change curve that the average Nearest neighbor distance of graphite second-phase and standard deviation change with sample position, and this data analysing method has detailed analytical mathematics in the patent method of distributing homogeneity " a kind of Accurate Measurement intracrystalline second-phase in the base ".Figure 13 gives percentage composition shared by the interval Second Phase Particle of different angle theta with the change curve of angle θ.Can find out that second-phase distributing homogeneity is better from Figure 12 data, on various sample position, second-phase distribution segregation is less, but second-phase distribution plan result is inconsistent in this and Figure 11, therefore for there being the analysis of the second-phase distributing homogeneity of wire segregation to need intuitively to show by change curve shown in Figure 13.As can be seen from Figure 13, second-phase is segregation on direction between-20 ° ~ 20 ° mainly, and it is less to distribute in the other direction.This also demonstrates that second-phase distributes in the base is from the side linear segregation, and segregation angle is between ± 20 °.
Claims (5)
1. the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in accurate determination of material; It is characterized in that: second-phase is abstracted into mass concentration in the particle at center; Then by means of quantitative second-phase homogeneity degree is in the base specialized of mathematical method, quantize; Then mathematical method is written as program, user only needs, in terminal input coordinate data, directly can obtain uniformity results; Acquired results gathers together by end user, is organized into chart.
2. according to the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in accurate determination of material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described accurate determination of material, the requirement of the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity is: the first centre coordinate of all substrates second-phase in acquisition field of view, then calculates second-phase uniformity results in the base according to coordinate information.
3. according to the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in accurate determination of material described in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in, statistical indicator be to measure in two-dimensional field of view each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the spacing of second-phase and each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous, secondary the most contiguous or other require the slope of second-phase, then comprehensively analyze; Specific requirement is as follows successively:
First, metallographic sample and metallographic observation is prepared;
Then, metallographic examination software or image analysis software is utilized to obtain each Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (X in visual field
iy
i), and each coordinate figure is kept in text;
Finally, according to Second Phase Particle centre coordinate (X each in visual field
iy
i), utilize the software measuring second-phase distributing homogeneity, only need by the content replication in above-mentioned text in the text required, namely working procedure calculates all second phase particles on average nearest, secondary nearest or other definition spacing in two dimensional surface in this visual field
with corresponding standard deviation
t, provide the slope y ' of each Second Phase Particle and its most contiguous the most contiguous, secondary second-phase simultaneously, and slope converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction;
By integrating the data under all visual fields, make
and σ
twith the chart of sample position, the homogeneity that reflection second-phase distributes at whole two-dimensional space; Make the change curve of numbers of particles/percentage composition with angle theta in different angle theta interval, to reflect whether second-phase has segregation phenomenon intuitively.
4., according to the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in accurate determination of material described in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the requirement preparing metallographic sample and metallographic observation is as follows:
1) sample is chosen: for enabling measurement data reflect truth value really, and same material selects 3-5 parallel sample in its really representative position, comprising the end of sample, center and 1/2 place; The alloy that alloy even tissue gender gap is larger, should increase the number of sample or do special statistics and calculating to uneven position; To organizing the directive material of tool, selecting vertical and being parallel to oriented direction plane of organizing as the flour milling of metallographic specimen;
2) sample grinding and polishing: after cutting sample line, 150# is used successively in surface, 320#, 800#, 2000# abrasive paper for metallograph polishes, and is then the silicon dioxide polishing solution polishing of 50 μm by granularity;
3) sample corrosion: caustic solution is specially one of the following or a combination thereof: chemical corrosion method, electrochemical erosion method, decoration method; In order to improve the accuracy of measurement data, when etching pit, not only will show details and the feature of each tissue in alloy, also want the contrast of each tissue display clearly demarcated, outline line is evenly clear, and the flatness of whole sample, cleanliness factor, homogeneity all will be got well;
4) Storage of sample: after etching pit completes, rinsed well by sample surfaces with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol successively, cool breeze dries up, and then seals preservation; Prevent metallographic surface oxidation or contaminated, and use metallography microscope sem observation;
5) metallographic observation: for same metallographic specimen, chooses sample marginal position, center; And measure visual field and should have randomness and statistically, select enlargement factor to ensure to comprise in visual field more than 100 second phase particles; In addition, in order to improve the contrast difference between two-phase, concrete metallographic observation method is: bright field illumination, oblique illumination, dark ground illumination, polarized light, interference technique, fluorescence microscopy, ultraviolet microtechnic.
5., according to the method for segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity in accurate determination of material described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: in described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in, second-phase uniformity meets following requirement:
1) convert metallograph to gray level, contrast difference between adjustment second-phase and matrix, make the outline line of second-phase obvious, contrast is clearly demarcated;
2) metallographic examination software or conventional image analysis software is utilized to obtain each Second Phase Particle Geometric center coordinates (X in visual field
iy
i), and each coordinate figure is saved in text;
3) above-mentioned text is copied in demand file, can obtain all second phase particles in this visual field on average nearest, secondary recently or other specify Spacing
with corresponding standard deviation
t.
4) calculate the slope of the most contiguous, secondary vicinity or other two particles required under each visual field, and slope is converted to the angle theta with x-axis positive dirction;
5) in conjunction with the data that other visual fields obtain, all spacing
and standard deviation
tdata are made a two-dimentional broken line graph, and wherein the numerical value of standard deviation can reflect the homogeneity of second-phase local distribution in the base, and average headway can reflect with the change of visual field chosen position the homogeneity that second-phase distributes in whole material;
To be evenly distributed in second-phase matrix sex chromosome mosaicism for the second-phase with segregation distribution, by
and σ
ton the basis of two dimension broken line graph, make the change curve of numbers of particles/percentage composition with angle theta in different angle theta interval, two groups of data be combined with each other, and can characterize the second-phase with segregation phenomenon;
For the numbers of particles/ratio in different angle theta interval with the change curve of angle theta, if second-phase stochastic distribution in material matrix, then curve approximation is horizontal line, shows that second-phase is distributed in different directions and is evenly distributed; If second-phase is segregation distribution in material matrix, then there is several maximum value in curve, shows that second-phase has segregation phenomenon in extreme value place direction, and segregation degree is characterized by the size of Curve Maximization, number;
In described accurate determination of material segregation second-phase distributing homogeneity method in the mathematical method used as follows:
The formula of Second Phase Particles spacing t:
Average arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing
formula:
The standard deviation of arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing
tformula:
The slope y ' of arest neighbors Second Phase Particles spacing:
Cross the angle theta between the straight line of arest neighbors two Second Phase Particles and horizontal line: θ=arctany,
Wherein (x
1, y
1) and (x
2, y
2) distribution is the position coordinates of Second Phase Particles 1 and 2; t
1: with the particle spacing of Second Phase Particles 1 arest neighbors in visual field, t
2, t
3... t
nas t
1; N: one total N number of Second Phase Particles.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107941834A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-20 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of method for counting the second distributed mutually |
| CN110031600A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-19 | 西北工业大学 | The appraisal procedure of Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy high temperature Long-term Aging Element segregation |
| CN112697693A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for measuring position of flow dividing surface in ring compression process through microhardometer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4836982A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1989-06-06 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Rapid solidification of metal-second phase composites |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107941834A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-20 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of method for counting the second distributed mutually |
| CN110031600A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-19 | 西北工业大学 | The appraisal procedure of Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy high temperature Long-term Aging Element segregation |
| CN112697693A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for measuring position of flow dividing surface in ring compression process through microhardometer |
| CN112697693B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for measuring position of flow dividing surface in ring compression process through microhardometer |
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