A kind of heating means of chute
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical industry field, particularly a kind of heating means of the chute be applied in smelting procedure.
Background technology
Chute is a kind of conveying equipment utilizing difference in height and liquid deadweight to carry out fluid transfer, profile is generally isosceles trapezoid, inside is generally U-shaped (being lined with refractory material in high-temperature fusant chute), length is not from several meters to tens meters etc., mobilizable chute cover plate is arranged at general chute top, to reduce scattering and disappearing of heat.
The high-temperature fusant (comprising copper coloured glaze, blister copper, anode furnace copper water or other high-temperature metal melt and slag) produced in copper pyrometallurgy and other metallurgical smelting process, usually to be undertaken carrying and transition by chute in each smelting cell processes, and chute is all in environment temperature, when high-temperature fusant is through chute, will inevitably lower the temperature and cool, easily solidify and be bonded on chute, and then have influence on product quality and production efficiency, so need to heat chute and be incubated, to ensure passing through smoothly of high-temperature fusant and normally carrying out of producing.
The heating means of current domestic and international conventional chute are by installing air burner on chute cover plate, heat chute by combustion air and fuel combustion exothermic heat of reaction.Air burner has two kinds of modes usually to realize the mixed combustion of fuel and combustion air: one is premixed, and namely air and fuel (gaseous fuel) first realize mixing by blender, then spray into chute by burner, realizes burning; Be that combustion air and fuel enter a burner by different pipelines, realize fuel combination spraying into chute.No matter be any mixed combustion, because the combustion adjuvant adopted is all normal temperature air, and containing the oxygen of 21% and the nitrogen of 79% and the inert gas of having an appointment in air, wherein really participate in combustion reaction be 21% oxygen, nitrogen and the inert gas of 79% do not participate in combustion reaction, but it is as a part for high-temperature flue gas, but take away a large amount of sensible heats, cause the reduction of combustion thermal efficiency and the increase of fuel consumption.In addition, the rate of heat addition of this combustion system to chute is slow, the heat time long, have impact on manufacturing schedule; Chute is heated uneven, portion temperature near burner is high, portion temperature away from burner is low, be very easy to cause melt in the bonding of chute and remain, affect product quality (particularly casting quality), and residue on chute also need cleaning after just can carry out next round production, improve labor strength and reduce production efficiency.This combustion system also produces a large amount of flue gases, and chute is seen everywhere phenomenon of burning with anger of smoldering, and workman's execute-in-place environment worsens.How reducing chute heating cost, enhance productivity, improve the quality of products, improve execute-in-place environment, is the technical barrier that whole Copper making industry faces.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the problems referred to above existed for prior art, propose a kind of heating means of chute, the method consumption capable of saving fuel, improve the firing rate of chute and heating uniformity, significantly reduce exhaust gas volumn and pollutant emission.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the heating means of chute provided by the present invention, fuel and combustion adjuvant are sprayed into parts by burning and sends into chute, carry out mixed combustion, utilize mixed combustion liberated heat to heat chute, described combustion adjuvant is the gaseous mixture or the oxygen-enriched air that contain high-concentration oxygen.
The heating means of chute of the present invention, be using fuel and as combustion adjuvant containing the mist of high-concentration oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, spray into parts by burning and send into chute, carry out mixed combustion, release heat thus chute heated and is incubated.Replace air of the prior art as combustion adjuvant owing to adopting in method of the present invention containing the mist of high-concentration oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, decrease the nitrogen amount of bringing into, the sensible heat that total exhaust gas volumn and corresponding flue gas are taken away will significantly reduce thereupon, the thermal efficiency improves, thus has fundamentally saved fuel.Further, due to the significantly minimizing of exhaust gas volumn, cause the extended residence time of high-temperature flue gas in chute, mean that flue gas and chute have had more heat-exchange time, this also decreases the thermal loss that flue gas is taken away to a certain extent, is conducive to the saving of fuel.In addition, because oxygen (is mainly CO as the combustion product of combustion adjuvant
2and H
2o) (be mainly N compared with air as the combustion product of combustion adjuvant
2, CO
2and H
2o) heat emissivity coefficient increases substantially, and causes delivered heat faster, thus improves chute firing rate.
Alternatively, in the heating means of chute provided by the present invention, fuel is gaseous fuel, liquid fuel or solid fuel.Wherein, gaseous fuel can be: the field of metallurgy fuel of the gaseous states such as natural gas, coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas; Liquid fuel can be: the field of metallurgy fuel of the liquid conditions such as heavy oil, diesel oil, coal tar, water-coal-slurry; Solid fuel can be: the field of metallurgy fuel of the solid state such as coal, petroleum coke.In addition, in the heating means of chute provided by the present invention, as combustion adjuvant containing the gaseous mixture of high-concentration oxygen contain specific volume higher than 90% oxygen, surplus is nitrogen and inert gas; Oxygen-enriched air as combustion adjuvant contains the oxygen that volumetric concentration is 21% ~ 90%, and surplus is nitrogen and inert gas.Utilize the above-mentioned gaseous mixture containing high-concentration oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as combustion adjuvant, combustion-supporting gas fuel, liquid fuel or solid fuel, can guarantee that the present invention can reach the above-mentioned object of significantly saving fuel consumption, raising chute firing rate and being heated evenly property of chute, significantly reducing exhaust gas volumn and pollutant emission.
Further, the heating means of chute provided by the present invention, also relate to and fuel and combustion adjuvant sprayed into the structure that burning that chute carries out mixed combustion sprays into parts, this burning sprays into parts and comprises one group of spaced coaxial metal pipe-casing gun be arranged on chute cover plate specifically; Or this burning sprays into parts and comprises one group of spaced metal single tube spray gun be arranged on chute cover plate; Or this burning sprays into parts and comprises one group and be spacedly arranged at coaxial metal pipe-casing gun on chute cover plate and metal single tube spray gun.
Wherein, when burning spray into parts comprise coaxial metal pipe-casing gun time, this coaxial metal pipe-casing gun comprises the metal inner pipe and metal outer pipe that are coaxially nested with, and fuel and combustion adjuvant can spray into chute by described metal inner pipe or metal outer pipe respectively.Preferably, fuel sprays into chute by interior pipe, and combustion adjuvant sprays into chute by outer tube.When above-mentioned burning spray into parts comprise metal single tube spray gun time, fuel and combustion adjuvant can spray into chute by different metal single tube spray guns respectively.
Specifically, fuel in method of the present invention and combustion adjuvant both can spray into chute by one or more tool coaxial metal pipe-casing gun at regular intervals and carry out mixed combustion, also can spray into chute by tool independent Fuel lance at regular intervals and combustion adjuvant spray gun (Fuel lance and combustion adjuvant spray gun all can be many) and carry out mixed combustion, or coaxial metal pipe-casing gun and metal single tube spray gun are combined.Feature or the advantage of coaxial metal pipe-casing gun are: effectively can control flame profile and temperature and improve chute firing rate; Feature or the advantage of metal single tube spray gun are: can realize the dispersed combustion of flame and the uniformity of promotion heating.When burning spray into parts comprise coaxial metal pipe-casing gun time, preferred fuel sprays into chute by interior pipe, and combustion adjuvant sprays into chute by outer tube, can control flame profile and ensure the burning completely of fuel.
The quantity of spray gun depends on the length of heating chute.Experimental data proves, the quantity of spray gun, spray gun spacing, the large young pathbreaker of spray gun rifle head affect burned flame shape, the uniformity of chute temperature and the discharge of nitrogen oxide.
Compared to air nozzle of the prior art, the structure that above-mentioned burning sprays into parts is especially suitable for fuel and combustion adjuvant being sprayed in chute in the present invention carrying out mixed combustion, arrange owing to adopting many spray guns of a determining deviation, thus combustion reaction can be carried out in chute length in substep disperse, thus the uniformity of chute heating-up temperature can be controlled.
Further, the front end of coaxial metal pipe-casing gun and described metal single tube spray gun is provided with the lance head be threaded, and controls speed and the direction of ejection air-flow.Control speed and the direction of ejection air-flow with lance head, the air-flow of ejection can be made before complete mixed combustion controllably to entrainment combustion product, thus reduce burned flame peak temperature, improve the uniformity of heating.
Further, burning sprays into parts and is located at chute cover plate central authorities, and and the length direction formation angle of inclination of chute.The selection at angle of inclination is by the size according to chute, the melt depth that flows through, and the height of chute cover plate is optimized adjustment.Controlling angle of inclination can make combustion reaction have enough combustion spaces, and contributes to the uniformity of burning and the temperature completely of fuel.
Embodiment of the present invention in terms of existing technologies, its remarkable advantage is, air is instead of as combustion adjuvant containing the gaseous mixture of high-concentration oxygen or oxygen-enriched air owing to adopting, decrease the thermal loss that nitrogen is taken away, improve the thermal efficiency, significantly save fuel consumption, experiment proof can reduce fuel consumption 40 ~ 50%; Spray into part design owing to have employed unique burning and the installation site of parts and the optimization of angle are sprayed into burning simultaneously, improve the firing rate of chute and being heated evenly property, decrease because of cleaning melt bonding and the residual idle cost caused, decrease labor strength, improve product quality and production efficiency; And due to significantly minimizing (can 60 ~ 70% be reduced) and the controlled NOx emission of exhaust gas volumn, substantially improve execute-in-place environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that burning of the present invention sprays into parts and is installed on schematic diagram on chute cover plate;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the method heating chute in the first embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the method heating chute in the second embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram according to the method heating chute in the 3rd embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail.But, persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that in each embodiment of the present invention, proposing many ins and outs to make reader understand the application better.But, even without these ins and outs with based on the many variations of following embodiment and amendment, each claim of the application technical scheme required for protection also can be realized.
The heating means of the chute involved by the first embodiment of the present invention, using natural gas as fuel, be that the oxygen mixture (surplus is nitrogen and inert gas) of 99.6% is as combustion adjuvant using oxygen-containing gas volume concentrations, above-mentioned fuel and combustion adjuvant are sprayed into parts 6 by burning to be sent in chute, carry out mixed combustion, with the heat that mixed combustion produces, chute is heated.In present embodiment, the concrete structure that burning sprays into parts 6 is set to: cover plate 4 central authorities in length being the chute 5 of 10 meters, become the angle of 45 degree that 6 coaxial metal pipe-casing guns have been installed with the spacing of 1.5 meters with cover plate 4 along chute 5 length direction, this coaxial metal pipe-casing gun comprises the metal outer pipe 1 and metal inner pipe 2 that are coaxially nested with, oxygen mixture sprays in chute by metal outer pipe 1, and natural gas is sprayed in chute by metal inner pipe 2.Coaxial metal pipe-casing gun in present embodiment can the distance with regulating spray gun to stretch into chute for convenience detach.
Present embodiment is to the selection of spray gun quantity, spray gun spacing and spray gun setting angle, depend on that the length of heating chute, temperature homogeneity require and NOx emission requirement, compare with the air-natural gas combustion nozzle of routine, saving of fuel 40 ~ 50%, firing rate improves 30 ~ 50%.
There is the rifle head determining jet-impingement speed and injection direction the spray gun front end of present embodiment, rifle head adopts and is threaded, the air velocity of rifle head ejection and direction will affect the uniformity of chute heating, in present embodiment, the air velocity of coaxial metal spray gun rifle head ejection is 20 ~ 250 meters per second, emission direction is that direct current sprays, and the uniformity that chute is heated reaches best effect.
In order to ensure the safety of mixed combustion; Fuel lance is equipped with automatic ignition and flame detecting device; all fuel through spray gun and oxygen (oxygen-enriched air) all need the control carrying out flow, pressure, safety interlocking etc. through flow control valve group and PLC automatic control system, then enter spray gun.
The heating means of the chute involved by the second embodiment of the present invention, using natural gas as fuel, be that the oxygen of 99.6% is as combustion adjuvant using oxygen-containing gas volume concentrations, above-mentioned fuel and combustion adjuvant are sprayed into parts 6 by burning to be sent in chute, carry out mixed combustion, with the heat that mixed combustion produces, chute is heated.In present embodiment, the concrete structure that burning sprays into parts 6 is set to: cover plate 4 central authorities in length being the chute 5 of 10 meters, with 0.75 meter with become the angle of 45 degree to install 12 metal single tube spray guns 3 with cover plate 4 along chute 5 length direction, combustion adjuvant oxygen and fuel natural gas are sprayed in chute by different metal single tube spray guns 3.Metal single tube spray gun in present embodiment can the distance with regulating spray gun to stretch into chute for convenience detach.
Present embodiment is to the selection of spray gun quantity, spray gun spacing and spray gun setting angle, depend on that the length of heating chute, temperature homogeneity require and NOx emission requirement, to compare with the air-natural gas combustion nozzle of routine, saving of fuel 40 ~ 50%, firing rate improve 30 ~ 50%, nitrogen oxide reduces 70%.
There is the rifle head determining jet-impingement speed and injection direction the spray gun front end of present embodiment, rifle head adopts and is threaded, the air velocity of rifle head ejection and direction will affect the uniformity of chute heating, present embodiment is, the air velocity of rifle head ejection is 20 ~ 250 meters per second, emission direction is that direct current sprays, and the uniformity that chute is heated reaches best effect.
In order to ensure the safety of mixed combustion; Fuel lance is equipped with automatic ignition and flame detecting device; all fuel through spray gun and oxygen (oxygen-enriched air) all need the control carrying out flow, pressure, safety interlocking etc. through flow control valve group and PLC automatic control system, then enter spray gun.
3rd embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of heating means of chute, using natural gas as fuel, be that the oxygen of 99.6% is as combustion adjuvant using oxygen-containing gas volume concentrations, fuel and combustion adjuvant are sprayed into parts 6 by burning to be sent in chute, carry out mixed combustion, with the heat that mixed combustion produces, chute is heated.In present embodiment, the concrete structure that burning sprays into parts 6 is set to: cover plate 4 central authorities in length being the chute 5 of 10 meters, become the angle of 45 degree that 6 coaxial metal pipe-casing guns and 12 metal single tube spray guns 3 are installed with the spacing of 0.5 meter with cover plate 4 along chute 5 length direction, wherein, described coaxial metal pipe-casing gun comprises the metal outer pipe 1 and metal inner pipe 2 that are coaxially nested with, combustion adjuvant oxygen sprays in chute by metal outer pipe 1, fuel natural gas sprays in chute by metal inner pipe 2, this each metal single tube spray gun 3 external, also combustion adjuvant oxygen is had to spray in chute respectively.Coaxial metal pipe-casing gun in present embodiment and metal single tube spray gun for convenience detachly can stretch into chute distance with adjustment spray gun.
Present embodiment is to the selection of spray gun quantity, spray gun spacing and spray gun setting angle, depend on that the length of heating chute, temperature homogeneity require and NOx emission requirement, compare with the air-natural gas combustion nozzle of routine, saving of fuel 40 ~ 50%, firing rate improve 30 ~ 50%, nitrogen oxide reduces 70%, and heating-up temperature is more even.
There is the rifle head determining jet-impingement speed and injection direction the spray gun front end of present embodiment, rifle head adopts and is threaded, the air velocity of rifle head ejection and direction will affect the uniformity of chute heating, present embodiment is, rifle head air velocity is 20 ~ 250 meters per second, emission direction is that direct current sprays, and the uniformity that chute is heated reaches best effect.
In order to ensure the safety of mixed combustion; Fuel lance is equipped with automatic ignition and flame detecting device; all fuel through spray gun and oxygen (oxygen-enriched air) all need the control carrying out flow, pressure, safety interlocking etc. through flow control valve group and PLC automatic control system, then enter spray gun.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the respective embodiments described above realize specific embodiments of the invention, and in actual applications, various change can be done to it in the form and details, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.