CN105444455A - System and method for integrating electricity generation and refrigeration of automobile - Google Patents

System and method for integrating electricity generation and refrigeration of automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105444455A
CN105444455A CN201410428234.6A CN201410428234A CN105444455A CN 105444455 A CN105444455 A CN 105444455A CN 201410428234 A CN201410428234 A CN 201410428234A CN 105444455 A CN105444455 A CN 105444455A
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China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
equipment
methyl alcohol
adsorbing generator
ammonia
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CN201410428234.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
向华
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Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machine Co Ltd
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Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machine Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machine Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machine Co Ltd
Priority to CN201410428234.6A priority Critical patent/CN105444455A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/094988 priority patent/WO2016029603A1/en
Publication of CN105444455A publication Critical patent/CN105444455A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and method for integrating electricity generation and refrigeration of an automobile. The system comprises equipment for producing hydrogen through methanol, equipment for generating electricity through the hydrogen and refrigeration air conditioner equipment. The equipment for producing the hydrogen through the methanol is used for producing the hydrogen and delivering the produced hydrogen to the equipment for generating the electricity through the hydrogen. The equipment for generating the electricity through the hydrogen is used for generating the electricity through the hydrogen and releasing heat energy. The refrigeration air conditioner equipment is used for refrigeration through the heat energy released by the equipment for generating the electricity through the hydrogen. The refrigeration air conditioner equipment comprises a condenser, an evaporator, a plurality of throttle valves, a first adsorption generator and a second adsorption generator. Ammonia-containing mixed liquid is arranged in the first adsorption generator and the second adsorption generator. According to the system and method for integrating electricity generation and refrigeration of the automobile, the heat energy discharged by the equipment for generating the electricity through the hydrogen can be used for refrigeration of the automobile, and thus the temperature of the equipment for generating the electricity is decreased, and the heat energy is effectively used for refrigeration of the automobile; accordingly, the working stability of the system can be improved, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.

Description

The system and method for automobile generating and refrigerating integrated
Technical field
The invention belongs to generating and refrigeration technology field, relate to a kind of generating and refrigeration system, particularly relate to the system of a kind of automobile generating and refrigerating integrated; Meanwhile, the invention still further relates to a kind of method of automobile generating and refrigerating integrated.
Background technology
In numerous new forms of energy, Hydrogen Energy will become the 21 century optimal energy.This is because when burning the coal of identical weight, gasoline and hydrogen, the energy that hydrogen produces is maximum, and the product of its burning is water, does not have lime-ash and waste gas, does not pollute the environment; And coal and oil combustion generate is carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, greenhouse effects and acid rain can be produced respectively.Coal and reserves are limited, and hydrogen is mainly stored in water, and after burning, unique product is also water, can produce hydrogen continuously, be finished never.
Hydrogen is a kind of colourless gas.One gram of Hydrogen Energy of burning discharges your heat of 142 kilojoules, is 3 times of gasoline caloric value.The weight of hydrogen is light especially, and it is all lighter than gasoline, natural gas, kerosene many, and thus carrying, transport conveniently, is the most suitable fuel of the high-speed flight such as space flight, the aviation vehicles.Hydrogen can burn in oxygen, and the temperature of hydrogen flame can up to 2500 DEG C, and thus people commonly use hydrogen cutting or weldable steel iron material.
In the Nature, the distribution of hydrogen is very extensive.Water is exactly large " warehouse " of hydrogen, wherein contains the hydrogen of 11%.There is the hydrogen of 1.5% earth Rio; All contain hydrogen in oil, coal, natural gas, animal and plant body etc.The main body of hydrogen exists with the form of compound water, and earth surface about 70% is covered for water, and very greatly, therefore can say, hydrogen is the energy of " inexhaustible, nexhaustible " to moisture storage capacity.If can with suitable method preparing hydrogen from water, so hydrogen also will be the energy that a kind of price is quite cheap.
Having many uses of hydrogen, applicability is strong.It can not only be used as fuel, and metal hydride has the function that chemical energy, heat energy and mechanical energy change mutually.Such as, hydrogen storage metal has to inhale hydrogen heat release and absorb heat puts the ability of hydrogen, heat storage can be got up, use as heating in room and air-conditioning.
Hydrogen, as gaseous fuel, is first used on automobile.In May, 1976, the U.S. develops a kind of automobile making fuel with hydrogen; Afterwards, Japan also succeeded in developing a kind of take liquified hydrogen as the automobile of fuel; In the latter stage seventies, the Mercedes of front Germany tests hydrogen, and they have only used five kg of hydrogen, just makes running car 110 kilometers.
With hydrogen as motor vehicle fuel, not only totally, easily start at low temperatures, and little to the corrosiveness of engine, the service life of engine can be extended.Because hydrogen and air can Homogeneous phase mixing, vaporizer used on general automobile can be saved completely, thus the structure of existing automobile can be simplified.More interestingly, if add in the oil 4% hydrogen.Use it as automobile engine fuel, just can fuel-economizing 40%, and without the need to doing great improvement to petrol engine.
Hydrogen is easy to become liquid under certain pressure and temperature, thus that it is all very convenient by iron flask car, on-highway tractor or ship transportation.Liquid hydrogen both can be used as the fuel of automobile, aircraft, also can be used as the fuel of rocket, guided missile.The U.S. is flown to the Apollo Personnel investigation Program of the moon " Long March carrier rocket that number spaceship and China launch a man-made satellite., all make fuel with liquified hydrogen.
In addition, use hydrogen-hydrogen fuel cell Hydrogen Energy directly can also be changed into electric energy, make utilizing of Hydrogen Energy more convenient.At present, this fuel cell is used on spaceship and submarine, and effect is pretty good.Certainly, because cost is higher, be also difficult to generally use for the moment.
The annual production of hydrogen is about 3,600 ten thousand tons in the world now, and wherein the overwhelming majority is produced from oil, coal and natural gas, and this must consume fossil fuel natively very in short supply; Separately have the hydrogen of 4% to be produce by the method for brine electrolysis, but the electric energy consumed is too many, does not calculate very much, therefore, people are trying to explore research hydrogen manufacturing new method.And the energy consumption in Chemical Manufacture can be reduced with methyl alcohol, water reformation hydrogen production and reduce costs, be expected to substitute and be called as the technique of " water electrolysis hydrogen production " of electricity-eating tiger, utilize advanced methanol vapor to reform--pressure swing adsorption making pure hydrogen and be rich in CO 2mist, through further post processing, hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas can be obtained simultaneously.
Methyl alcohol and steam pass through catalyst under certain temperature, pressure condition, under the effect of catalyst, the transformationreation of methanol decomposition reaction and carbon monoxide occurs, generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide, this is the gas solid catalytic reaction system of component more than, many reactions.Reactional equation is as follows:
CH 3OH→CO+2H 2(1)
H 2O+CO→CO 2+H 2(2)
CH 3OH+H 2O→CO 2+3H 2(3)
The H that reforming reaction generates 2and CO 2, then through palladium UF membrane by H 2and CO 2be separated, obtain high-purity hydrogen.The power consumption of pressure swing adsorption method is high, equipment large, and is not suitable for the preparation of small-scale hydrogen.
Prepared by existing hydrogen and in electricity generation system, hydrogen gas generation chance discharges a large amount of heats, causes the temperatures as high 276 DEG C of generator, does not nowadays also have good cool-down method, causes generator operation unstable, reduces service life.
Meanwhile, hydrogen gas generating power generators also can discharge some residual air, mainly comprises the hydrogen, oxygen, steam etc. of not yet fully reaction, be nowadays discharged by these gases, and hydrogen is wherein hazardous gas, there is certain potential safety hazard.Meanwhile, these gases have certain value.
In addition, existing hydrogen gas generating system, normally utilizes the hydrogen gas generation prepared, and namely prepares hydrogen and is separated with hydrogen gas generation.First utilize hydrogen producer to prepare hydrogen, hydrogen is positioned in hydrogen gas buffer, then by the hydrogen gas generation in hydrogen gas buffer.The volume of hydrogen gas buffer is comparatively huge, not Portable belt, and mobility is poor, thus constrains the portability of hydrogen preparation and generating equipment.
In view of this, nowadays in the urgent need to designing a kind of new hydrogen gas generating system, to overcome the above-mentioned defect of existing hydrogen gas generating system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the system providing a kind of automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, and the heat that hydrogen generating equipment can be utilized to discharge is automobile refrigerating, has both reduced the temperature of generating equipment, effectively make use of this heat again.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of method of automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, the heat that hydrogen generating equipment can be utilized to discharge is automobile refrigerating, has both reduced the temperature of generating equipment, effectively make use of this heat again.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A system for automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, described system comprises: hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, hydrogen generating equipment, refrigeration air-conditioner, air pressure adjustment subsystem, Collection utilization subsystem;
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment; Hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy; The thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge;
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment utilization methyl alcohol and water prepare hydrogen, and described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment comprises solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, liquid container, raw material conveying device, device for producing hydrogen, membrane separation device;
Described device for producing hydrogen comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber; Membrane separation device is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the inside of reformer chamber;
Described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, liquid container are connected with device for producing hydrogen respectively; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in liquid container;
Store solid hydrogen in described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, when hydrogen generating system starts, by gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen passes through combustion heat release, for device for producing hydrogen provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of device for producing hydrogen;
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to heat exchanger heat exchange by raw material conveying device, enters vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor after gasification and steam enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300 DEG C ~ 420 DEG C;
The temperature on described reformer chamber top is 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close;
Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Be provided with membrane separator in separation chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separator;
Described raw material conveying device provides power, by the feedstock transportation in liquid container to device for producing hydrogen; Described raw material conveying device provides the pressure of 0.15 ~ 5MPa to raw material, and the hydrogen that device for producing hydrogen is obtained has enough pressure;
After described device for producing hydrogen starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that device for producing hydrogen is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance device for producing hydrogen;
The hydrogen that described device for producing hydrogen obtains is delivered to membrane separation device and is separated, and is more than or equal to 0.7MPa for separating of the difference of pressure inside and outside the membrane separation device of hydrogen;
Described membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75% ~ 78%, and silver accounts for 22% ~ 25%;
Obtained hydrogen is passed through transfer conduit real-time Transmission to hydrogen generating equipment by described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment; Described transfer conduit is provided with air pressure adjustment subsystem, for adjusting the air pressure in transfer conduit; The hydrogen gas generation that described hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment obtained;
Described air pressure adjustment subsystem comprises microprocessor, gas pressure sensor, valve positioner, air outlet valve, outlet pipe; Described gas pressure sensor is arranged in transfer conduit, in order to respond to the barometric information in transfer conduit, and the barometric information of induction is sent to microprocessor; This barometric information received from gas pressure sensor and setting threshold interval are compared by described microprocessor; When the pressure data received is higher than the maximum of setting threshold interval, Microprocessor S3C44B0X valve positioner opens air outlet valve setting-up time, air pressure in transfer conduit is made to be in setting range, one end of outlet pipe connects air outlet valve simultaneously, the other end connects described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, and the firing equipment that needs being hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment by burning heats; When the pressure data received is lower than the minimum of a value of setting threshold interval, hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment described in Microprocessor S3C44B0X accelerates the transporting velocity of raw material;
Described Collection utilization subsystem connects the Vent passageway of hydrogen generating equipment, hydrogen, oxygen, water is collected respectively from the gas of discharging, utilize collect hydrogen, oxygen for hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment or/and hydrogen generating equipment, the water collected as the raw material of hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, thus recycles;
Described Collection utilization subsystem comprises hydrogen/oxygen separator, hydrogen separator, hydrogen check-valves, oxygen separator, oxygen check valve, by hydrogen and oxygen separation, is then separated with water by hydrogen respectively, oxygen is separated with water;
Described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Being provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor, is ammonia-ammino mixture-water mixed liquid or for ammonia-phosphoric acid hydrogen ammonia-water mixed liquid containing ammonia mixed liquor;
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller;
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
A system for automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, described system comprises: hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, hydrogen generating equipment, refrigeration air-conditioner;
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment; Hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy; The thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Be provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor;
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller;
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described is ammonia-ammino mixture-water mixed liquid or for ammonia-phosphoric acid hydrogen ammonia-water mixed liquid containing ammonia mixed liquor.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment utilization methyl alcohol and water prepare hydrogen, and described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment comprises liquid container, raw material conveying device, device for producing hydrogen, membrane separation device;
Described device for producing hydrogen comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber; Membrane separation device is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the inside of reformer chamber; Described liquid container is connected with device for producing hydrogen respectively; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in liquid container;
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to heat exchanger heat exchange by raw material conveying device, enters vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor after gasification and steam enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300 DEG C ~ 420 DEG C;
The temperature on described reformer chamber top is 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close;
Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Be provided with membrane separator in separation chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separator;
Described raw material conveying device provides power, by the feedstock transportation in liquid container to device for producing hydrogen; Described raw material conveying device provides the pressure of 0.15 ~ 5MPa to raw material, and the hydrogen that device for producing hydrogen is obtained has enough pressure;
After described device for producing hydrogen starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that device for producing hydrogen is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance device for producing hydrogen;
The hydrogen that described device for producing hydrogen obtains is delivered to membrane separation device and is separated, and is more than or equal to 0.7MPa for separating of the difference of pressure inside and outside the membrane separation device of hydrogen;
Described membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75% ~ 78%, and silver accounts for 22% ~ 25%;
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment also comprises solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, and solid hydrogen reservoir vessel is connected with device for producing hydrogen;
Store solid hydrogen in described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, when hydrogen generating system starts, by gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen passes through combustion heat release, for device for producing hydrogen provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of device for producing hydrogen.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, obtained hydrogen is passed through transfer conduit real-time Transmission to hydrogen generating equipment by described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment; Described transfer conduit is provided with air pressure adjustment subsystem, for adjusting the air pressure in transfer conduit; The hydrogen gas generation that described hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment obtained;
Described air pressure adjustment subsystem comprises microprocessor, gas pressure sensor, valve positioner, air outlet valve, outlet pipe; Described gas pressure sensor is arranged in transfer conduit, in order to respond to the barometric information in transfer conduit, and the barometric information of induction is sent to microprocessor; This barometric information received from gas pressure sensor and setting threshold interval are compared by described microprocessor; When the pressure data received is higher than the maximum of setting threshold interval, Microprocessor S3C44B0X valve positioner opens air outlet valve setting-up time, air pressure in transfer conduit is made to be in setting range, one end of outlet pipe connects air outlet valve simultaneously, the other end connects described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, and the firing equipment that needs being hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment by burning heats; When the pressure data received is lower than the minimum of a value of setting threshold interval, hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment described in Microprocessor S3C44B0X accelerates the transporting velocity of raw material.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described Collection utilization subsystem connects the Vent passageway of hydrogen generating equipment, hydrogen, oxygen, water is collected respectively from the gas of discharging, utilize collect hydrogen, oxygen for hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment or/and hydrogen generating equipment, the water collected as the raw material of hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, thus recycles;
Described Collection utilization subsystem comprises hydrogen/oxygen separator, hydrogen separator, hydrogen check-valves, oxygen separator, oxygen check valve, by hydrogen and oxygen separation, is then separated with water by hydrogen respectively, oxygen is separated with water.
Utilize generating and the refrigerating method of the system of above-mentioned automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, described method comprises the steps:
Hydrogen preparation process: described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment;
Generation steps: hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy;
Refrigeration step: the thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Be provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor;
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller;
Described refrigeration step comprises:
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the system and method for the automobile generating that the present invention proposes and refrigerating integrated, and the heat that hydrogen generating equipment can be utilized to discharge is automobile refrigerating, has both reduced the temperature of generating equipment, and effectively make use of again this heat is automobile refrigerating; Thus system works stability can be improved, the service life of lifting means.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of the system of automobile generating of the present invention and refrigerating integrated.
Fig. 2 is another composition schematic diagram of the system of automobile generating of the present invention and refrigerating integrated.
Fig. 3 is the composition schematic diagram of refrigeration air-conditioner in system.
Fig. 4 is the composition schematic diagram of hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment in system.
Fig. 5 is the composition schematic diagram of hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment in embodiment three.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the first starting drive in embodiment three.
Detailed description of the invention
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, present invention is disclosed the system (can certainly be used for other field) of a kind of automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, described system comprises: hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment 100, hydrogen generating equipment 300, refrigeration air-conditioner 500, air pressure adjustment subsystem 200, Collection utilization subsystem 400.
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment; Hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy; The thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.
[hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment]
Incorporated by reference to Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment utilization methanol-water prepares hydrogen, and described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment comprises solid hydrogen reservoir vessel 80, liquid container 10, raw material conveying device 50, device for producing hydrogen 20, membrane separation device 30.
Described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel 80, liquid container 10 are connected with device for producing hydrogen 20 respectively; Store liquid first alcohol and water in liquid container 10, in described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel 80, store solid hydrogen.
When hydrogen generating system starts, by gasification module, the solid hydrogen in solid hydrogen reservoir vessel 80 is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen passes through combustion heat release, for device for producing hydrogen 20 provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of device for producing hydrogen 20.Certainly, solid hydrogen reservoir vessel 80 is not necessaries of the present invention, can start device for producing hydrogen 20 by other energy.
Described raw material conveying device 50 provides power, by the feedstock transportation in liquid container 10 to device for producing hydrogen 20; Described raw material conveying device 50 provides the pressure of 0.15 ~ 5MPa (as providing the pressure of 0.2MPa or 1.1MPa or 1.2MPa or 1.5MPa or 5MPa) to raw material, makes the obtained hydrogen of device for producing hydrogen 20 have enough pressure.After described device for producing hydrogen 20 starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that device for producing hydrogen 20 is obtained is or/and residual air is run (certainly, the operation of device for producing hydrogen 20 can also pass through other energy) by burning maintenance device for producing hydrogen 20.
The hydrogen that described device for producing hydrogen 20 obtains is delivered to membrane separation device 30 and is separated, and is more than or equal to 0.7MPa (as inside and outside membrane separation device 30, pressure is 0.7MPa or 1.1MPa or 1.2MPa or 1.5MPa or 5MPa) for separating of the difference of pressure inside and outside the membrane separation device 30 of hydrogen.
In the present embodiment, described membrane separation device 30 is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75% ~ 78%, and silver accounts for 22% ~ 25%.The preparation technology of described membrane separation device 30 comprises the steps:
Step 1, porous ceramics is arranged in the vacuum chamber of magnetic control sputtering device;
Step 2, utilize magnetic control sputtering device magnetic field generation mechanisms produce magnetic field, make metallic target produce offset current, metallic target as negative pole, thus makes porous ceramic surface with magnetosphere body; The material of described metallic target is sputtering precious metal, and described precious metal is palladium-silver, and mass percent palladium accounts for 75% ~ 78%, and silver accounts for 22% ~ 25%;
Step 3, produce while offset current at metallic target, heat the vacuum chamber of magnetic control sputtering device, temperature controls at 350 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C;
Step 4, the gas extracted out in vacuum chamber, the vacuum when vacuum indoor is less than 10 -2during Pa, in vacuum chamber, be filled with the argon gas of setting concentration;
Step 5, pass into electric current to metallic target, carry out sputter coating; The ion that metallic target produces accelerates to fly in the process of porous ceramic surface to collide with ar atmo under the effect of electric field, and ionize out a large amount of argon ions and electronics, electronics flies to porous ceramic surface; Argon ion accelerates to bombard metallic target under the effect of electric field, sputters a large amount of metallic target target atom or molecule, and the target atom in neutrality or molecule deposition, on porous ceramic surface, form the precious metal film of 1 ~ 15 μm;
Wherein, in the process of sputter coating, argon concentration detecting step is also comprised; Detect the argon concentration in vacuum chamber in real time or with setting-up time interval, when argon concentration opens argon gas charging valve automatically lower than during setting threshold value, in vacuum chamber, be filled with argon gas, until the argon concentration in vacuum chamber meets setting threshold range;
Air pressure detecting step is also comprised in the process of sputter coating; Detect the air pressure in vacuum chamber in real time or with setting-up time interval, when the air pressure of vacuum indoor is not at setting threshold interval, the air pressure in adjustment vacuum chamber is to setting threshold interval;
Step 6, in vacuum chamber, pass into air, take out workpiece.
Preferably, described hydrogen producer comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber; Membrane separation device is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the top of reformer chamber.
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to heat exchanger heat exchange by raw material conveying device, enters vaporizer gasification after heat exchange; Methanol vapor after gasification and steam enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 350 DEG C ~ 409 DEG C; The temperature on described reformer chamber top is 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close; Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Be provided with membrane separator in separation chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separator.
Be described above the composition of methanol-water hydrogen producer, the present invention also discloses a kind of hydrogen production process utilizing above-mentioned methanol-water hydrogen producer, and described hydrogen production process comprises:
Solid hydrogen is stored in [step 0] described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, when hydrogen generating system starts, by gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen passes through combustion heat release, for hydrogen producer provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of hydrogen producer;
[step 1] described raw material conveying device provides power, by the feedstock transportation in liquid container to hydrogen producer; Described raw material conveying device provides the pressure of 0.15 ~ 5MPa to raw material, and the hydrogen that hydrogen producer is obtained has enough pressure;
Hydrogen prepared by [step 2] hydrogen producer; Specifically comprise:
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to heat exchanger heat exchange by raw material conveying device, enters vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor after gasification and steam enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300 DEG C ~ 420 DEG C;
The temperature on described reformer chamber top is 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close;
Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Be provided with membrane separator in separation chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separator.
The hydrogen that [step 3] described hydrogen producer obtains is delivered to membrane separation device and is separated, and is more than or equal to 0.7MPa for separating of the difference of pressure inside and outside the membrane separation device of hydrogen;
In the present embodiment, separation chamber is arranged at the top of reformer chamber by hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, the temperature that middle part and bottom are compared in reformer chamber top is higher, reformer chamber and separation chamber is connected by connecting line, the gas that connecting line can utilize the high-temperature heating on reformer chamber top to carry in the process of conveying, play pre-heat effect, mode of heating is very convenient simultaneously.Pipeline between reformer chamber and separation chamber, as preheating temperature control mechanism, can heat the gas exported from reformer chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close; Thus the low temperature requirements of reformer chamber catalyst can be ensured respectively, and the high temperature requirement of separation chamber, and then improve hydrogen preparation efficiency.
[refrigeration air-conditioner]
Described refrigeration air-conditioner 500 comprises condenser 51, evaporimeter 52, first adsorbing generator 53, second adsorbing generator 54, the reversible pump housing 55, and some choke valves 561,562,563,564; Being provided with containing ammonia mixed liquor in described first adsorbing generator 53, second adsorbing generator 54, is ammonia-ammino mixture-water mixed liquid or for ammonia-phosphoric acid hydrogen ammonia-water mixed liquid containing ammonia mixed liquor.
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment 300 connects the first adsorbing generator 53, second adsorbing generator 54 respectively; Described first adsorbing generator 53 is connected condenser 51 with the second adsorbing generator 54 respectively by first throttle valve 561, second throttle 562; Described first adsorbing generator 53 is connected evaporimeter 52 with the second adsorbing generator 54 respectively by the 3rd choke valve 563, the 4th choke valve 564; Condenser 51 is connected with evaporimeter 52 by the 5th choke valve 565; First adsorbing generator 53 is connected by two pipelines with the second adsorbing generator 54, forms loop; In a pipeline, the reversible pump housing 55 is set wherein.Described first throttle valve 561, second throttle 562, the 3rd choke valve 563, the 4th choke valve 564, the 5th choke valve 565 control its break-make by throttle valve controller.
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator 53 is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment 300, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is condensed into liquid ammonia, releasing heat through condenser 51, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; Liquid ammonia enters evaporimeter 52 by the 5th choke valve 55 and is evaporated to gaseous ammonia, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator 54, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex.
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator 54 is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment 300, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is condensed into liquid ammonia, releasing heat through condenser 51, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; Liquid ammonia enters evaporimeter 52 by the 5th choke valve and is evaporated to gaseous ammonia, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator 53, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
[air pressure adjustment subsystem]
As shown in Figure 1, described air pressure adjustment subsystem 200 comprises microprocessor 21, gas pressure sensor 22, valve positioner 23, air outlet valve 24, outlet pipe 25.Described gas pressure sensor 22 is arranged in transfer conduit, in order to respond to the barometric information in transfer conduit, and the barometric information of induction is sent to microprocessor 21; This barometric information received from gas pressure sensor 22 and setting threshold interval are compared by described microprocessor 21, and control the switch of air outlet valve 24 with this.When the pressure data received is higher than the maximum of setting threshold interval, air outlet valve setting-up time opened by microprocessor 21 by-pass valve control controller 23, air pressure in transfer conduit is made to be in setting range. preferably, one end of outlet pipe 25 connects air outlet valve 24, the other end connects described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment 100, and the firing equipment (as reformer chamber) that needs being hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment 100 by burning heats; When the pressure data received is lower than the minimum of a value of setting threshold interval, microprocessor 21 controls the transporting velocity that described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment 100 accelerates raw material, thus improves hydrogen manufacturing speed.
[Collection utilization subsystem]
As shown in Figure 2, described Collection utilization subsystem 400 comprises hydrogen separator 401, hydrogen check-valves 402, the Vent passageway of hydrogen generating equipment 300 connects the entrance of hydrogen separator 401, is provided with hydrogen check-valves 402, prevents hydrogen from pouring in down a chimney in the pipeline that hydrogen separator 401 exit connects; Described hydrogen separator 401 is for separating of hydrogen and water.In addition, described Collection utilization subsystem also comprises hydrogen/oxygen separator, for separating of hydrogen and oxygen; Hydrogen/oxygen separator is arranged between described hydrogen generating equipment Vent passageway and hydrogen separator.
In the present embodiment, described Collection utilization subsystem 400 also comprises oxygen separator 411, oxygen check valve 412, for collecting oxygen.The hydrogen that described Collection utilization subsystem 400 is collected and oxygen, for hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment 100, also can hydrogen supply generating equipment 300 use.In addition, the oxygen collected can be deposited in setting container, for people's oxygen uptake; The water collected can be used for people to drink.
Because described Collection utilization subsystem comprises moisture trap (as above-mentioned hydrogen separator, oxygen separator), therefore water can be collected (than the also many several times of the moisture in raw material, because also containing hydrogen atom in methyl alcohol, water is obtained with oxygen reaction) after obtained hydrogen, water is delivered to hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment 100, raw water can recycle, without the need to other interpolation.
Therefore, present system can collect the utilities such as hydrogen, oxygen, water from the residual air of hydrogen generating equipment, can improve the generating efficiency of system, simultaneously conservation (water).
Be described above the composition of automobile generating of the present invention and refrigerating integrated system, the present invention is while announcement said system, and also disclose a kind of generating and the refrigerating method that utilize the system of above-mentioned automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, described method comprises the steps:
[step S1] hydrogen preparation process: described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment.
[step S2] generation steps: hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy.
[step S3] refrigeration step: the thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.Refrigeration step specifically comprises:
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex.
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
Embodiment two
In the present embodiment, the system of automobile generating and refrigerating integrated comprises: hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, hydrogen generating equipment, refrigeration air-conditioner.Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment; Hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy; The thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.
Described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Be provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor; Described containing ammonia mixed liquor can be ammonia-ammino mixture-water mixed liquid or be ammonia-phosphoric acid hydrogen ammonia-water mixed liquid.
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller.
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
Embodiment three
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment one is, in the present embodiment, hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment does not arrange solid hydrogen reservoir vessel 80, refers to Fig. 5, and hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment comprises: liquid container 10, raw material conveying device 50, device for rapidly starting, device for producing hydrogen 20, membrane separation device 30.Described device for rapidly starting provides the startup energy for hydrogen producer; Described device for rapidly starting comprises the first starting drive 40, second starting drive 60.
As shown in Figure 6, the internal diameter that described first starting drive 40 comprises housing 41, first heating arrangements 42, first gasification pipe 43, first gasification pipe 43 is 1 ~ 2mm, and the first gasification pipe 43 is closely wound on the first heating arrangements 42; First heating arrangements 42 can be electrically heated rod, utilizes alternating current or battery, dry cell.
One end of described first gasification pipe 43 connects liquid container 10, and methyl alcohol is admitted in the first gasification pipe 43; The other end of the first gasification pipe 43 exports vaporized methyl alcohol, then by ignition mechanism ignition; Or the other end of the first gasification pipe 43 exports vaporized methyl alcohol, and the methanol temperature exported reaches self-ignition point, and methyl alcohol exports rear direct spontaneous combustion from the first gasification pipe 43.
Described second starting drive 60 comprises the second gasification pipe, and the main body of the second gasification pipe is arranged at described reformer chamber, and the second gasification pipe is reformer chamber heating (can also be the heating of other unit of hydrogen generating system).First gasification pipe 43 is or/and the methyl alcohol that the second gasification pipe exports is heat the second gasification pipe, by the methanol gasifying in the second gasification pipe while reformer chamber heats.
First, the methyl alcohol needing the first gasification pipe 43 to export heats the second gasification pipe, setting-up time after the methyl alcohol that the second gasification pipe can continue generation gasification, can select closedown first starting drive 40, and the methyl alcohol exported by the second gasification pipe is the second gasification pipe heating; The dependence to extra power can be reduced so further.
Referring to Fig. 6, in order to improve the firing rate of hydrogen producer, being provided with heating pipe line 21 at the reformer chamber inwall of described device for producing hydrogen 20, in heating pipe line 21, be placed with catalyst (as can by heating and temperature control at 380 DEG C ~ 480 DEG C); Described device for rapidly starting 40 is reformer chamber heating by the described heating pipe line 21 of heating, can improve the efficiency of heating surface.
After described hydrogen generating system starts, hydrogen generating system provides the energy needed for operation by the hydrogen that hydrogen producer obtains; Now, device for rapidly starting can be closed.
Be described above the composition of Methanol water hydrogen production system of the present invention, the present invention is while the above-mentioned hydrogen generating system of announcement, and also disclose a kind of hydrogen production process of above-mentioned Methanol water hydrogen production system, described method comprises the steps:
[step S1] be setting up procedure fast; Described hydrogen generating system utilizes device for rapidly starting to provide the startup energy to start.Specifically comprise:
First heating arrangements energising setting-up time of the first starting drive, reaches after design temperature until the first heating arrangements and passes into methyl alcohol to the first gasification pipe; Because the first gasification pipe is closely wound on the first heating arrangements, methanol temperature progressively raises; First gasification pipe exports vaporized methyl alcohol, then by ignition mechanism ignition; Or the first gasification pipe exports vaporized methyl alcohol, and the methanol temperature exported reaches self-ignition point, directly spontaneous combustion after methyl alcohol exports from the first gasification pipe;
The methyl alcohol of gasification passes through combustion heat release, for hydrogen producer provides the startup energy; Meanwhile, the methyl alcohol burning that the first gasification pipe exports is also the second gasification pipe heating of the second starting drive, by the methanol gasifying in the second gasification pipe;
After exporting the methyl alcohol of gasification in the second gasification pipe, close the first starting drive, the methyl alcohol exported by the second gasification pipe of the second starting drive is that reformer chamber heats, and heats the second gasification pipe, by the methanol gasifying in the second gasification pipe simultaneously; Described reformer chamber inwall is provided with heating pipe line, is placed with catalyst in heating pipe line; Described device for rapidly starting is reformer chamber heating by the described heating pipe line of heating.
After [step S2] system starts, hydrogen generating system provides the energy needed for operation by the hydrogen that hydrogen producer obtains; Treat that hydrogen generating system runs obtained enough hydrogen, close device for rapidly starting; The hydrogen partial obtained by hydrogen producer is or/and residual air maintains hydrogen producer operation by burning.
In sum, the system and method for the automobile generating that the present invention proposes and refrigerating integrated, the heat that hydrogen generating equipment can be utilized to discharge is automobile refrigerating, has both reduced the temperature of generating equipment, and effectively make use of again this heat is automobile refrigerating; Thus system works stability can be improved, the service life of lifting means.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, not wants by scope restriction of the present invention in the above-described embodiments.Distortion and the change of embodiment disclosed are here possible, are known for the replacement of embodiment those those of ordinary skill in the art and the various parts of equivalence.Those skilled in the art are noted that when not departing from spirit of the present invention or substantive characteristics, the present invention can in other forms, structure, layout, ratio, and to realize with other assembly, material and parts.When not departing from the scope of the invention and spirit, can other distortion be carried out here to disclosed embodiment and change.

Claims (10)

1. a system for automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that: described system comprises: hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, hydrogen generating equipment, refrigeration air-conditioner, air pressure adjustment subsystem, Collection utilization subsystem;
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment; Hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy; The thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge;
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment utilization methyl alcohol and water prepare hydrogen, and described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment comprises solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, liquid container, raw material conveying device, device for producing hydrogen, membrane separation device;
Described device for producing hydrogen comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber; Membrane separation device is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the inside of reformer chamber;
Described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, liquid container are connected with device for producing hydrogen respectively; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in liquid container;
Store solid hydrogen in described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, when hydrogen generating system starts, by gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen passes through combustion heat release, for device for producing hydrogen provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of device for producing hydrogen; Or described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment utilization device for rapidly starting provides and starts energy startup; Device for rapidly starting comprises heating arrangements, gasification pipe, and the internal diameter of gasification pipe is 1 ~ 2mm, and gasification pipe is closely wound on heating arrangements; One end of described gasification pipe connects liquid container, is sent into by methyl alcohol in gasification pipe; The other end of gasification pipe exports vaporized methyl alcohol, then by ignition mechanism ignition; Or the other end of gasification pipe exports vaporized methyl alcohol, and the methanol temperature exported reaches self-ignition point, directly spontaneous combustion after methyl alcohol exports from gasification pipe; Described device for rapidly starting provides the startup energy for device for producing hydrogen; Described reformer chamber inwall is provided with heating pipe line, is placed with catalyst in heating pipe line; Described device for rapidly starting is reformer chamber heating by the described heating pipe line of heating;
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to heat exchanger heat exchange by raw material conveying device, enters vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor after gasification and steam enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300 DEG C ~ 420 DEG C;
The temperature on described reformer chamber top is 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close;
Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Be provided with membrane separator in separation chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separator;
Described raw material conveying device provides power, by the feedstock transportation in liquid container to device for producing hydrogen; Described raw material conveying device provides the pressure of 0.15 ~ 5MPa to raw material, and the hydrogen that device for producing hydrogen is obtained has enough pressure;
After described device for producing hydrogen starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that device for producing hydrogen is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance device for producing hydrogen;
The hydrogen that described device for producing hydrogen obtains is delivered to membrane separation device and is separated, and is more than or equal to 0.7MPa for separating of the difference of pressure inside and outside the membrane separation device of hydrogen;
Described membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75% ~ 78%, and silver accounts for 22% ~ 25%;
Obtained hydrogen is passed through transfer conduit real-time Transmission to hydrogen generating equipment by described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment; Described transfer conduit is provided with air pressure adjustment subsystem, for adjusting the air pressure in transfer conduit; The hydrogen gas generation that described hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment obtained;
Described air pressure adjustment subsystem comprises microprocessor, gas pressure sensor, valve positioner, air outlet valve, outlet pipe; Described gas pressure sensor is arranged in transfer conduit, in order to respond to the barometric information in transfer conduit, and the barometric information of induction is sent to microprocessor; This barometric information received from gas pressure sensor and setting threshold interval are compared by described microprocessor; When the pressure data received is higher than the maximum of setting threshold interval, Microprocessor S3C44B0X valve positioner opens air outlet valve setting-up time, air pressure in transfer conduit is made to be in setting range, one end of outlet pipe connects air outlet valve simultaneously, the other end connects described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, and the firing equipment that needs being hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment by burning heats; When the pressure data received is lower than the minimum of a value of setting threshold interval, hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment described in Microprocessor S3C44B0X accelerates the transporting velocity of raw material;
Described Collection utilization subsystem connects the Vent passageway of hydrogen generating equipment, hydrogen, oxygen, water is collected respectively from the gas of discharging, utilize collect hydrogen, oxygen for hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment or/and hydrogen generating equipment, the water collected as the raw material of hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, thus recycles;
Described Collection utilization subsystem comprises hydrogen/oxygen separator, hydrogen separator, hydrogen check-valves, oxygen separator, oxygen check valve, by hydrogen and oxygen separation, is then separated with water by hydrogen respectively, oxygen is separated with water;
Described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Being provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor, is ammonia-ammino mixture-water mixed liquid or for ammonia-phosphoric acid hydrogen ammonia-water mixed liquid containing ammonia mixed liquor;
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller;
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
2. a system for automobile generating and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that, comprising: hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, hydrogen generating equipment, refrigeration air-conditioner;
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment; Hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy; The thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.
3. the system of automobile generating according to claim 2 and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that:
Described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Be provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor;
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller;
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
4. the system of automobile generating according to claim 3 and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that:
Described is ammonia-ammino mixture-water mixed liquid or for ammonia-phosphoric acid hydrogen ammonia-water mixed liquid containing ammonia mixed liquor.
5. the system of automobile generating according to claim 2 and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that:
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment utilization methyl alcohol and water prepare hydrogen, and described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment comprises liquid container, raw material conveying device, device for producing hydrogen, membrane separation device;
Described device for producing hydrogen comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber; Membrane separation device is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the inside of reformer chamber; Described liquid container is connected with device for producing hydrogen respectively; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in liquid container;
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to heat exchanger heat exchange by raw material conveying device, enters vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor after gasification and steam enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300 DEG C ~ 420 DEG C;
The temperature on described reformer chamber top is 400 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close;
Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C; Be provided with membrane separator in separation chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separator;
Described raw material conveying device provides power, by the feedstock transportation in liquid container to device for producing hydrogen; Described raw material conveying device provides the pressure of 0.15 ~ 5MPa to raw material, and the hydrogen that device for producing hydrogen is obtained has enough pressure;
After described device for producing hydrogen starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that device for producing hydrogen is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance device for producing hydrogen;
The hydrogen that described device for producing hydrogen obtains is delivered to membrane separation device and is separated, and is more than or equal to 0.7MPa for separating of the difference of pressure inside and outside the membrane separation device of hydrogen;
Described membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75% ~ 78%, and silver accounts for 22% ~ 25%.
6. the system of automobile generating according to claim 2 and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that:
Described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment also comprises solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, and solid hydrogen reservoir vessel is connected with device for producing hydrogen;
Store solid hydrogen in described solid hydrogen reservoir vessel, when hydrogen generating system starts, by gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen passes through combustion heat release, for device for producing hydrogen provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of device for producing hydrogen.
7. the system of automobile generating according to claim 2 and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that:
Obtained hydrogen is passed through transfer conduit real-time Transmission to hydrogen generating equipment by described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment; Described transfer conduit is provided with air pressure adjustment subsystem, for adjusting the air pressure in transfer conduit; The hydrogen gas generation that described hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment obtained;
Described air pressure adjustment subsystem comprises microprocessor, gas pressure sensor, valve positioner, air outlet valve, outlet pipe; Described gas pressure sensor is arranged in transfer conduit, in order to respond to the barometric information in transfer conduit, and the barometric information of induction is sent to microprocessor; This barometric information received from gas pressure sensor and setting threshold interval are compared by described microprocessor; When the pressure data received is higher than the maximum of setting threshold interval, Microprocessor S3C44B0X valve positioner opens air outlet valve setting-up time, air pressure in transfer conduit is made to be in setting range, one end of outlet pipe connects air outlet valve simultaneously, the other end connects described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, and the firing equipment that needs being hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment by burning heats; When the pressure data received is lower than the minimum of a value of setting threshold interval, hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment described in Microprocessor S3C44B0X accelerates the transporting velocity of raw material.
8. the system of automobile generating according to claim 2 and refrigerating integrated, is characterized in that:
The system of described automobile generating and refrigerating integrated also comprises Collection utilization subsystem;
Described Collection utilization subsystem connects the Vent passageway of hydrogen generating equipment, hydrogen, oxygen, water is collected respectively from the gas of discharging, utilize collect hydrogen, oxygen for hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment or/and hydrogen generating equipment, the water collected as the raw material of hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment, thus recycles;
Described Collection utilization subsystem comprises hydrogen/oxygen separator, hydrogen separator, hydrogen check-valves, oxygen separator, oxygen check valve, by hydrogen and oxygen separation, is then separated with water by hydrogen respectively, oxygen is separated with water.
9. utilize generating and the refrigerating method of the system of the described automobile generating of one of claim 1 to 8 and refrigerating integrated, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Hydrogen preparation process: described hydrogen from methyl alcohol equipment prepares hydrogen, and obtained hydrogen is delivered to hydrogen generating equipment;
Generation steps: hydrogen generating equipment utilizes hydrogen to send electric energy, and discharges heat energy;
Refrigeration step: the thermal refrigerating that refrigeration air-conditioner utilizes hydrogen generating equipment to discharge.
10. generating according to claim 9 and refrigerating method, is characterized in that:
Described refrigeration air-conditioner comprises condenser, evaporimeter, some choke valves, the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator; Be provided with in described first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator containing ammonia mixed liquor;
The cooling mechanism of described hydrogen generating equipment connects the first adsorbing generator, the second adsorbing generator respectively; Described first adsorbing generator is connected condenser with the second adsorbing generator respectively by first throttle valve, second throttle; Described first adsorbing generator is connected evaporimeter with the second adsorbing generator respectively by the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve; Condenser is connected with evaporimeter by the 5th choke valve; Described first throttle valve, second throttle, the 3rd choke valve, the 4th choke valve, the 5th choke valve control its break-make by throttle valve controller;
Described refrigeration step comprises:
In first work period, the first adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the second adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex;
In second work period, the second adsorbing generator is subject to the heat energy of the cooling mechanism from hydrogen generating equipment, and desorption is gaseous ammonia, is liquid ammonia through condenser condenses, releasing heat, and heat is taken out of by cooling medium; It is gaseous ammonia that liquid ammonia enters evaporator evaporation by the 5th choke valve, and simultaneously stability heat freezes; Gaseous ammonia enters the first adsorbing generator, in the cooling condition with wherein containing ammonia mixed liquor generation complex reaction, generate ammino-complex; Circulation like this.
CN201410428234.6A 2014-08-27 2014-08-27 System and method for integrating electricity generation and refrigeration of automobile Pending CN105444455A (en)

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