CN105443991B - A kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber - Google Patents
A kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105443991B CN105443991B CN201510761814.1A CN201510761814A CN105443991B CN 105443991 B CN105443991 B CN 105443991B CN 201510761814 A CN201510761814 A CN 201510761814A CN 105443991 B CN105443991 B CN 105443991B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber, including the first light path system, the second light path system, signal processing system and distributed optical fiber sensing system.The first sensor fibre, the first faraday rotation mirror and the second sensor fibre, the second faraday rotation mirror in distributed optical fiber sensing system are connected to form three interferometers with the first light path system；3rd sensor fibre, the 3rd faraday rotation mirror and the 4th sensor fibre, the 4th faraday rotation mirror are connected to form three interferometers with the second light path system；First light path system and the second light path system transmit optical signal into distributed optical fiber sensing system the other way around respectively；Signal processing system is handled the interference light signal of output, locating leaks in pipes position.The present apparatus not only can detect leakage situation along marine riser, can also monitor the event for being likely to result in pipe leakage occurred along pipeline, and send pre-alarm in time and be accurately positioned, and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of marine riser monitoring structural health conditions device, especially a kind of sea of interference type distributed optical fiber
Foreign top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor.
Background technology
Ocean platform standpipe, as the main interface unit between ocean platform and subsea wellheads, is thin in ocean structure system
Sea bed is typically directly touched in one of component of weak rapid wear, its lower end, and upper end then connects with ocean platform or drilled the oil-gas facility of ship.
Top-tensioned standpipe refers to, in riser top application initial tension, make it along arrangement height for tension state, in all kinds
Platform in be all widely used.In real work sea situation, typically there are hydraulic oil or gas to pass through inside marine riser, outside is held
By complex environments such as ocean current, wave, marine growth shock, top floating bodies, while building up for riser systems will make the wave around it
Changed with flow condition, to pipeline local scour, cause pipeline leakage or fracture, occur oil and gas leakage, cause serious
Environmental pollution, and jeopardize safety of other facilities etc..Therefore ocean platform standpipe monitoring problem turns into the focus received much concern.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide at the top of a kind of ocean of interference type distributed optical fiber
Tensioned riser leakage monitor, can be simultaneously by four biographies of this six interferometers by set of device six interferometers of formation
On photosensitive fibre is laid on along pipeline, and an angle of 90 degrees is separated by, realizes the monitorings such as the circumferential leakage of marine riser and fracture, this
The sensitivity of device is high, and false dismissed rate is low, the event for being likely to result in pipe leakage occurred along monitoring pipeline, and sends in time
Pre-alarm and it is accurately positioned, and it is reliable.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：At the top of a kind of ocean of interference type distributed optical fiber
Tensioned riser leakage monitor, including the first light path system, the second light path system, signal processing system and distribution type fiber-optic are passed
Sensing system；First light path system includes the first wideband light source A1, the one 1 × 2nd coupler A2, the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3, the 2nd 2
× 2 coupler A4, the 21 × 2nd coupler A5, the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6, the 21 × 3rd coupler A7, the first delay optical fiber
E5, first phase modulator F1, the second delay optical fiber E6 and second phase modulator F2；Second light path system includes the second broadband
Light source B1, the 31 × 2nd coupler B2, the 32 × 2nd coupler B3, the 42 × 2nd coupler B4, the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 and
31 × 3rd coupler B6, the 41 × 3rd coupler B7, the 3rd delay optical fiber E7, third phase modulator F3, the 4th delay light
Fine E8 and the 4th phase-modulator F4；Signal processing system includes six roots of sensation single-mode fiber G1~G6, the first photodetector module
C5, the second photodetector module C6, the first signal demodulation module C3, secondary signal demodulation module C4, A/D acquisition module C2 and
Computer C1；Distributed optical fiber sensing system includes the first sensor fibre E1, the second sensor fibre E2, the first faraday rotation mirror
D1, the second faraday rotation mirror D2, the 3rd sensor fibre E3, the 4th sensor fibre E4, the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3 and the 4th
Faraday rotation mirror D4, wherein the first sensor fibre E1, the first faraday rotation mirror D1 and the second sensor fibre E2, second farad
Revolving mirror D2 is connected to form three interferometers with the first light path system, the 3rd sensor fibre E3, the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3
It is connected to form three interferometers with the second light path system with the 4th sensor fibre E4, the 4th faraday rotation mirror D4.
First wideband light source A1 of the first described light path system is distinguished by the one 1 × 2nd coupler A2 two output ends
It is connected with the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 second port and the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 second port, the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3
First port the second photodetector module C6, the 3rd of the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 the are connected to by the first single-mode fiber G1
Port is connected by the first delay optical fiber E5 with the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 first port, and the 4th port is adjusted by first phase
Device F1 processed is connected with the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 second port, the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 the 3rd port and the 21 × 2nd coupling
Clutch A5 second ports are connected, and the 4th port passes through first sensor fibre E1 the first faraday rotation mirrors of connection D1；22 × 2nd
Coupler A4 first ports are connected to the second photodetector module C6, the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 by the second single-mode fiber G2
The 3rd port by second delay optical fiber E6 be connected with the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 first ports, the 4th port passes through the second phase
Position modulator F2 is connected with the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 second ports, the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 the 3rd port and the 21 × 2nd
Coupler A5 the 3rd port connection, the 4th port passes through the second sensor fibre E2 the second faraday rotation mirrors of connection D2, the 2nd 1
× 2 coupler A5 first ports are connected to the second photodetector module C6 by the 3rd single-mode fiber G3；Second light path system
Second ends of the first wideband light source B1 by the 32 × 2nd coupler B2 two output ends respectively with the 32 × 2nd coupler B3
Mouth and the 42 × 2nd coupler B4 second port are connected, and the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 first port passes through the 6th single-mode fiber
G6 is connected to the first photodetector module C5, and the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 the 3rd port passes through the 3rd delay optical fiber E7 and the
31 × 3 coupler B6 first ports are connected, and the 4th port passes through third phase modulator F3 and the 31 × 3rd coupler B6 second
Port is connected, and the ports of the 31 × 3rd coupler B6 the 3rd are connected with the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 second ports, the 31 × 3rd coupling
Device B6 the 4th port passes through the faraday rotation mirror D3 of the 3rd sensor fibre E3 connections the 3rd；42 × 2nd coupler B4 first ends
Mouthful the first photodetector module C5 is connected to by the 5th single-mode fiber G5, the 3rd port passes through the 4th delay optical fiber E8 and the
41 × 3 coupler B7 first ports are connected, and the 4th port passes through the 4th phase-modulator F4 and the 41 × 3rd coupler B7 second
Port is connected, and the ports of the 41 × 3rd coupler B7 the 3rd are connected with the ports of the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 the 3rd, the 41 × 2nd coupling
Clutch B5 first ports are connected to the first photodetector module C5, the 41 × 3rd coupler B7 by the 4th single-mode fiber G4
Four ports pass through the faraday rotation mirror D4 of the 4th sensor fibre E4 connections the 4th；First photodetector mould of signal processing system
Block C5 output ends are connected to A/D acquisition modules C2, the second photodetector module C6 output by the first signal demodulation module C3
End is connected to computer by the secondary signal demodulation module C4 outputs for being connected to A/D acquisition modules C2, A/D acquisition module C2
C1。
Further, four sensor fibres in described distributed optical fiber sensing system are respectively along pipe lengths cloth
Put, be connected with the first light path system and the second light path system and form six interferometers altogether to being monitored along pipeline, four biographies
Photosensitive fibre is separated by an angle of 90 degrees respectively.
Further, first light path system and the second light path system are respectively the other way around to distributing optical fiber sensing
Optical signal is transmitted in system, and the first light path system and the second light path system are placed in sealing container, are laid on marine riser
At head and the tail position.
Further, the first signal demodulation module C3 and secondary signal demodulation module C4 in described signal processing system
Signal is demodulated using phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation method；First photodetector module C5, the second photodetection
Device module C4, the first signal demodulation module C3, secondary signal demodulation module C4, A/D acquisition module (C2), computer C1 are laid on
On ocean platform, marine riser operation conditions is monitored in real time.
The advantage of the device is：The system employs two pairs of double-lined type Sagnac fibre coherence techniques and marine riser is entered
Row monitoring in real time, whole transducing part constitutes by four independent sensor fibres and (formed six interferometers), can lay respectively and
At the position that axially spaced 90 degree of pipeline, when solving using simple optical fiber, when caliber is larger or leakage hole deviates from optical fiber direction
When, it is more difficult to monitor pipe leakage problem；Bidirectional test is carried out to marine riser using the first light path system and the second light path system,
So that positioning is more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
The ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor schematic diagram of Fig. 1 interference type distributed optical fibers；
Fig. 2 pipe leakage point schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber of the invention, bag
Include the first light path system 1, the second light path system 2, signal processing system 3 and distributed optical fiber sensing system 4；First light path system
1 includes the first wideband light source A1, the one 1 × 2nd coupler A2, the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3, the 22 × 2nd coupler A4, the 2nd 1
× 2 coupler A5, the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6, the 21 × 3rd coupler A7, the first delay optical fiber E5, first phase modulator
F1, the second delay optical fiber E6 and second phase modulator F2；Second light path system 2 includes the second wideband light source B1, the 31 × 2nd
Coupler B2, the 32 × 2nd coupler B3, the 42 × 2nd coupler B4, the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 and the 31 × 3rd coupler
B6, the 41 × 3rd coupler B7, the 3rd delay optical fiber E7, third phase modulator F3, the 4th delay optical fiber E8 and the 4th phase
Modulator F4；Signal processing system 3 includes six roots of sensation single-mode fiber G1~G6, the first photodetector module C5, the second photoelectricity and visited
Survey device module C6, the first signal demodulation module C3, secondary signal demodulation module C4, A/D acquisition module C2 and computer C1；Distribution
Formula optical fiber sensing system 4 include the first sensor fibre E1, the second sensor fibre E2, the first faraday rotation mirror D1, second farad
Revolving mirror D2, the 3rd sensor fibre E3, the 4th sensor fibre E4, the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3 and the 4th faraday rotation mirror
D4, wherein the first sensor fibre E1, the first faraday rotation mirror D1 and the second sensor fibre E2, the second faraday rotation mirror D2 with
The connection of first light path system 1 forms three interferometers, the 3rd sensor fibre E3, the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3 and the 4th sense light
Fine E4, the 4th faraday rotation mirror D4 are connected three interferometers of formation with the second light path system 2.
First wideband light source A1 of the first described light path system 1 is distinguished by the one 1 × 2nd coupler A2 two output ends
It is connected with the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 second port and the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 second port, the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3
First port the second photodetector module C6, the 3rd of the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 the are connected to by the first single-mode fiber G1
Port is connected by the first delay optical fiber E5 with the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 first port, and the 4th port is adjusted by first phase
Device F1 processed is connected with the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 second port, the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 the 3rd port and the 21 × 2nd coupling
Clutch A5 second ports are connected, and the 4th port passes through first sensor fibre E1 the first faraday rotation mirrors of connection D1；22 × 2nd
Coupler A4 first ports are connected to the second photodetector module C6, the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 by the second single-mode fiber G2
The 3rd port by second delay optical fiber E6 be connected with the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 first ports, the 4th port passes through the second phase
Position modulator F2 is connected with the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 second ports, the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 the 3rd port and the 21 × 2nd
Coupler A5 the 3rd port connection, the 4th port passes through the second sensor fibre E2 the second faraday rotation mirrors of connection D2, the 2nd 1
× 2 coupler A5 first ports are connected to the second photodetector module C6 by the 3rd single-mode fiber G3；Second light path system 2
Second ends of the first wideband light source B1 by the 32 × 2nd coupler B2 two output ends respectively with the 32 × 2nd coupler B3
Mouth and the 42 × 2nd coupler B4 second port are connected, and the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 first port passes through the 6th single-mode fiber
G6 is connected to the first photodetector module C5, and the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 the 3rd port passes through the 3rd delay optical fiber E7 and the
31 × 3 coupler B6 first ports are connected, and the 4th port passes through third phase modulator F3 and the 31 × 3rd coupler B6 second
Port is connected, and the ports of the 31 × 3rd coupler B6 the 3rd are connected with the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 second ports, the 31 × 3rd coupling
Device B6 the 4th port passes through the faraday rotation mirror D3 of the 3rd sensor fibre E3 connections the 3rd；42 × 2nd coupler B4 first ends
Mouthful the first photodetector module C5 is connected to by the 5th single-mode fiber G5, the 3rd port passes through the 4th delay optical fiber E8 and the
41 × 3 coupler B7 first ports are connected, and the 4th port passes through the 4th phase-modulator F4 and the 41 × 3rd coupler B7 second
Port is connected, and the ports of the 41 × 3rd coupler B7 the 3rd are connected with the ports of the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 the 3rd, the 41 × 2nd coupling
Clutch B5 first ports are connected to the first photodetector module C5, the 41 × 3rd coupler B7 by the 4th single-mode fiber G4
Four ports pass through the faraday rotation mirror D4 of the 4th sensor fibre E4 connections the 4th；First photodetector of signal processing system 3
It is defeated that module C5 output ends are connected to A/D acquisition modules C2, the second photodetector module C6 by the first signal demodulation module C3
Go out end and computer is connected to by the secondary signal demodulation module C4 outputs for being connected to A/D acquisition modules C2, A/D acquisition module C2
C1。
Four sensor fibres in described distributed optical fiber sensing system 4 are arranged along pipe lengths respectively, with
One light path system 1 and the second light path system 2 are connected forms six interferometers to being monitored along pipeline altogether, four sensor fibres
An angle of 90 degrees is separated by respectively.
The light path system 2 of first light path system 1 and second is respectively the other way around into distributed optical fiber sensing system 4
Optical signal is transmitted, and the first light path system 1 and the second light path system 2 are placed in sealing container, are laid on marine riser head and the tail
At position.
First signal demodulation module C3 and secondary signal demodulation module C4 use phase in described signal processing system 3
Position generation carrier wave PGC demodulation methods are demodulated to signal；First photodetector module C5, the second photodetector module C4,
First signal demodulation module C3, secondary signal demodulation module C4, A/D acquisition module C2, computer C1 are laid on ocean platform,
Marine riser operation conditions is monitored in real time.
The operation principle of the invention is：The light that the broadband continuous light source A1 of first light path system is sent is through the one 1 × 2nd coupling
Device A2 presses power 1:1 is divided into two-way (forming three interferometers), and wherein first via light enters the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 by power
Than 1:1 is divided into two beams, and wherein light beam is transferred into the first sense light through the first delay optical fiber E5 and the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6
The light transmitted in fine E1, the first sensor fibre E1 reaches the first faraday rotation mirror D1, is reflected through the first faraday rotation mirror D1
Afterwards, and along the first sensor fibre E1 reverse transfers to the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6, power is pressed in the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 output
1:1:1 is divided into three beams, and wherein light beam travels to the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3, another beam optical transport through first phase modulator F1
To the 21 × 2nd coupler A5, meet dry wherein only transmitting to the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 and the 21 × 2nd coupler A5 light
Relate to condition (other light are not considered)；It is divided into two beams into the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 light in addition, wherein another beam is through the
One phase-modulator F1 and the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 are transferred into what is transmitted in the first sensor fibre E1, the first sensor fibre E1
Light reaches the first faraday rotation mirror D1, after being reflected through the first faraday rotation mirror D1, and is reversely passed along the first sensor fibre E1
The one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 is transported to, power 1 is pressed in the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, and wherein light beam is through
One delay optical fiber E1 is propagated to after the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 and the above-mentioned reflection from the first faraday rotation mirror D1 through first phase
The light that modulator F1 returns to the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3 converges interference, another beam optical transport at the one 2 × 2nd coupler A3
21 × 2 coupler A5；Second road light enters the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 and presses power ratio 1:1 is divided into two beams, and wherein light beam is through
Two delay optical fiber E6 and the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 are transferred into the light transmitted in the second sensor fibre E2, the second sensor fibre E2
The second faraday rotation mirror D2 is reached, after being reflected through the second faraday rotation mirror D2, and along the second sensor fibre E2 reverse transfers
To the 21 × 3rd coupler A7, power 1 is pressed in the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, and wherein light beam is through second
Phase-modulator F2 travels to the 22 × 2nd coupler A4, and another two-beam respectively enters the 21 × 2nd coupler A5 and second phase
Modulator, wherein only transmitting to the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 and the 21 × 2nd coupler A5 light, to meet interference condition (other
Light is not considered)；The light into the 22 × 2nd coupler A4 is divided into two beams in addition, wherein another beam is through second phase modulator
F2 and the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 are transferred into the light transmitted in the second sensor fibre E2, the second sensor fibre E2 and reach the second method
Revolving mirror D2 is drawn, after being reflected through the second faraday rotation mirror D2, and along the second sensor fibre E2 reverse transfers to the 21 × 3rd
Power 1 is pressed in coupler A7, the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, wherein a branch of pass through the second delay optical fiber E2
The 22 × 2nd coupler A4 is multicast to returning to the 2nd 2 through second phase modulator after the above-mentioned reflection from the second faraday rotation mirror D2
× 2 coupler A4 light converges interference at the 22 × 2nd coupler A4, and another two-beam is transmitted separately to the 21 × 2nd coupler
The delay optical fiber E2 of A5 and second, after being reflected wherein in first via light by the first faraday rotation mirror D1, through the first sensor fibre E1
Transmit into the one 1 × 3rd coupler A6 and the second road light after being reflected by the second faraday rotation mirror D2, through the second sensor fibre E2
Transmit to the 21 × 3rd coupler A7 light and form interference at the 21 × 2nd coupler A5；Three beams interference light respectively enters second
Photodetector module C6 converts optical signals into electric signal, after electric signal is demodulated processing through secondary signal demodulation module C4
Signal spectral analysis is carried out through A/D modules C2 feeding computers C1, the pre-alarms such as pipe leakage and fracture and positioning is realized.
The light that wideband light source B1 in second light path system is sent is through the 31 × 2nd coupler B2 by power 1:1 is divided into two-way
(forming three interferometers), wherein first via light enter the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 and press power ratio 1:1 is divided into two beams, wherein a branch of
Light is transferred into the 3rd sensor fibre E3, the 3rd sensor fibre E3 through the 3rd delay optical fiber E7 and the 31 × 3rd coupler B6 and passed
Defeated light reaches the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3, after being reflected through the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3, and anti-along the 3rd sensor fibre E3
To transmitting to the 31 × 3rd coupler B6, power 1 is pressed in the 31 × 3rd coupler B6 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, wherein light beam
Travel to the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 through third phase modulator F3, another beam optical transport to the 41 × 2nd coupler B5, wherein
Only transmit to the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 and the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 light and meet interference condition (other light are not considered)；
The light into the 32 × 2nd coupler B3 is divided into two beams in addition, wherein another beam is through third phase modulator F3 and the 31 × 3rd
Coupler B3 is transferred into the light transmitted in the 3rd sensor fibre E3, the 3rd sensor fibre E3 and reaches the 3rd faraday rotation mirror
D3, after being reflected through the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3, and along the 3rd sensor fibre E3 reverse transfers to the 31 × 3rd coupler B6, the
Power 1 is pressed in 31 × 3 coupler B6 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, wherein it is a branch of travel to the 3rd 2 through the 3rd delay optical fiber E3 ×
2 coupler B3 through third phase modulator after the above-mentioned reflection from the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3 with returning to the 32 × 2nd coupler B3
Light converge interference, another beam optical transport to the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 at the 32 × 2nd coupler B3；Second road light enters
42 × 2nd coupler B4 presses power ratio 1:1 is divided into two beams, and wherein light beam is through the 4th delay optical fiber E8 and the 41 × 3rd coupling
Device B7 is transferred into the light transmitted in the 4th sensor fibre E4, the 4th sensor fibre E4 and reaches the 4th faraday rotation mirror D4, warp
After 4th faraday rotation mirror D4 reflections, and along the 4th sensor fibre E4 reverse transfers to the 41 × 3rd coupler B7, the 4th 1 ×
Power 1 is pressed in 3 coupler B7 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, and wherein light beam travels to the 42 × 2nd through the 4th phase-modulator F4
Coupler B4, another two-beam respectively enters the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 and the 4th phase-modulator F4, wherein only transmitting to
42 × 2 coupler B4 and the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 light meets interference condition (other light are not considered)；Enter the 4th in addition
2 × 2 coupler B4 light is divided into two beams, wherein another beam is transmitted through the 4th phase-modulator F4 and the 41 × 3rd coupler B7
Into the 4th sensor fibre E4, the light transmitted in the 4th sensor fibre E4 reaches the 4th faraday rotation mirror D4, through the 4th farad
After revolving mirror D4 reflections, and along the 4th sensor fibre E4 reverse transfers to the 41 × 3rd coupler B7, the 41 × 3rd coupler
Power 1 is pressed in A7 output:1:1 is divided into three beams, wherein it is a branch of through the 4th delay optical fiber E8 travel to the 42 × 2nd coupler B4 with
The 42 × 2nd coupler B4 light is returned to the through the 4th phase-modulator F4 after the above-mentioned reflection from the 4th faraday rotation mirror D4
Converge interference at 42 × 2 coupler B4, another two-beam is transmitted separately to the delay optical fiber E8 of the 41 × 2nd coupler B5 and the 4th,
After being reflected wherein in first via light by the 3rd faraday rotation mirror D3, transmitted through the 3rd sensor fibre E3 to the 31 × 3rd coupler
After being reflected in B6 and the second road light by the 4th faraday rotation mirror D4, transmitted through the 4th sensor fibre E4 to the 41 × 3rd coupler
B7 light forms interference at the 41 × 2nd coupler B5；Three beams interference light respectively enters the first photodetector module C5 by light
Signal is converted into electric signal, and electric signal is sent into through A/D modules C2 after being demodulated processing through the first signal demodulation module C3 and calculated
Machine C1 carries out signal spectral analysis, realizes the pre-alarms such as pipe leakage and fracture and positioning.Finally integrate the first light path system with
The monitoring result of second light path system, the monitoring in real time such as is leaked marine riser and is broken.
As shown in Fig. 2 the pipe leakage and fracture monitoring principle of the system are：When marine riser somewhere occur it is damaged or
During fracture, leakage oil gas produces friction with leakage hole wall, and stress wave (leaking acoustic emission signal) is inspired on tube wall, and this should
Reeb is applied on the sensor fibre of interferometer and the light phase transmitted in sensor fibre is modulated, due to there is delay light
Fibre, makes two beam interferometer light in interferometer different by leakage point P time, phase tune of the leakage acoustic emission signal to two-beam
System is also different, produces phase difference between two-beam, therefore two-beam interferes that (when No leakage occurs, two-beam phase is consistent, no
Produce interference).Interference light signal is demodulated after processing by demodulation module, the position letter for knowing leakage point is fourier transformed
Cease LsWith zero frequency in spectrogram inversely, coefficientObtaining leak point positioning formula is：
Wherein fsFor first zero frequency value, L in spectrogramsFor the distance of leakage point to faraday rotation mirror, n is optical fiber
Fiber core refractive index, c is the light velocity；By frequency-domain analysis, leakage positioning is carried out using first zero frequency.
Marine riser is monitored using three forward direction Sagnac interferometers in the first light path system 1, frequency spectrum is determined
First zero frequency f in figures1, marine riser leakage point position is obtained to being positioned at leak position, now using formula (1)
ForIn conjunction with the monitoring result of three in the second light path system 2 reverse interferometers, first zero point is found in spectrogram
Frequency fs2, reverse-locating marine riser leakage point position isFinally integrate the output knot of two-way interferometer
Really, determine that pipe leakage point position is
Claims (4)
1. a kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber, it is characterised in that：Present apparatus bag
Include the first light path system (1), the second light path system (2), signal processing system (3) and distributed optical fiber sensing system (4)；First
Light path system (1) include the first wideband light source (A1), the one 1 × 2nd coupler (A2), the one 2 × 2nd coupler (A3), the 2nd 2 ×
2 couplers (A4), the 21 × 2nd coupler (A5), the one 1 × 3rd coupler (A6), the 21 × 3rd coupler (A7), the first delay
Optical fiber (E5), first phase modulator (F1), the second delay optical fiber (E6) and second phase modulator (F2)；Second light path system
(2) the second wideband light source (B1), the 31 × 2nd coupler (B2), the 32 × 2nd coupler (B3), the 42 × 2nd coupler are included
(B4), the 41 × 2nd coupler (B5) and the 31 × 3rd coupler (B6), the 41 × 3rd coupler (B7), the 3rd delay optical fiber
(E7), third phase modulator (F3), the 4th delay optical fiber (E8) and the 4th phase-modulator (F4)；Signal processing system (3)
Including six roots of sensation single-mode fiber (G1~G6), the first photodetector module (C5), the second photodetector module (C6), the first letter
Number demodulation module (C3), secondary signal demodulation module (C4), A/D acquisition modules (C2) and computer (C1)；Distribution type fiber-optic is passed
Sensing system (4) include the first sensor fibre (E1), the second sensor fibre (E2), the first faraday rotation mirror (D1), second farad
Revolving mirror (D2), the 3rd sensor fibre (E3), the 4th sensor fibre (E4), the 3rd faraday rotation mirror (D3) and the 4th farad
Revolving mirror (D4), wherein the first sensor fibre (E1), the first faraday rotation mirror (D1) and the second sensor fibre (E2), second
Faraday rotation mirror (D2) is connected three interferometers of formation, the 3rd sensor fibre (E3), the 3rd farad with the first light path system (1)
Revolving mirror (D3) and the 4th sensor fibre (E4), the 4th faraday rotation mirror (D4) are connected formation with the second light path system (2)
Three interferometers；
Two output ends point that the first wideband light source (A1) of described the first light path system (1) passes through the one 1 × 2nd coupler (A2)
It is not connected with the second port of the one 2 × 2nd coupler (A3) and the second port of the 22 × 2nd coupler (A4), the one 2 × 2nd coupling
The first port of clutch (A3) is connected to the second photodetector module (C6), the one 2 × 2nd coupling by the first single-mode fiber (G1)
3rd port of clutch (A3) is connected by the first delay optical fiber (E5) with the first port of the one 1 × 3rd coupler (A6), and first
The second port that 4th port of 2 × 2 couplers (A3) passes through first phase modulator (F1) and the one 1 × 3rd coupler (A6)
Connection, the 3rd port of the one 1 × 3rd coupler (A6) is connected with the 21 × 2nd coupler (A5) second port, the one 1 × 3rd coupling
4th port of clutch (A6) connects the first faraday rotation mirror (D1) by the first sensor fibre (E1)；22 × 2nd coupler
(A4) first port is connected to the second photodetector module (C6), the 22 × 2nd coupler by the second single-mode fiber (G2)
(A4) the 3rd port is connected by the second delay optical fiber (E6) with the 21 × 3rd coupler (A7) first port, the 22 × 2nd coupling
4th port of clutch (A4) is connected by second phase modulator (F2) with the 21 × 3rd coupler (A7) second port, and second
3rd port of 1 × 3 coupler (A7) is connected with the 3rd port of the 21 × 2nd coupler (A5), the 21 × 3rd coupler (A7)
The 4th port pass through the second sensor fibre (E2) connect the second faraday rotation mirror (D2), the 21 × 2nd coupler (A5) first
Port is connected to the second photodetector module (C6) by the 3rd single-mode fiber (G3)；The first of second light path system (2) is wide
Second port with light source (B1) by two output ends of the 32 × 2nd coupler (B2) respectively with the 32 × 2nd coupler (B3)
Connected with the second port of the 42 × 2nd coupler (B4), the first port of the 32 × 2nd coupler (B3) passes through the 6th single-mode optics
Fine (G6) is connected to the first photodetector module (C5), and the 3rd port of the 32 × 2nd coupler (B3) passes through the 3rd delay light
Fine (E7) is connected with the 31 × 3rd coupler (B6) first port, and the 4th port of the 32 × 2nd coupler (B3) passes through third phase
Position modulator (F3) is connected with the 31 × 3rd coupler (B6) second port, the port of the 31 × 3rd coupler (B6) the 3rd and the 4th
1 × 2 coupler (B5) second port is connected, and the 4th port of the 31 × 3rd coupler (B6) is connected by the 3rd sensor fibre (E3)
Connect the 3rd faraday rotation mirror (D3)；42 × 2nd coupler (B4) first port is connected to by the 5th single-mode fiber (G5)
One photodetector module (C5), the 3rd port passes through the 4th delay optical fiber (E8) and the 41 × 3rd coupler (B7) first port
Connection, the 4th port of the 42 × 2nd coupler (B4) passes through the 4th phase-modulator (F4) and the 41 × 3rd coupler (B7) the
Two-port netwerk is connected, and the port of the 41 × 3rd coupler (B7) the 3rd is connected with the port of the 41 × 2nd coupler (B5) the 3rd, and the 4th 1
× 2 couplers (B5) first port is connected to the first photodetector module (C5) by the 4th single-mode fiber (G4), the 4th 1 ×
The port of 3 couplers (B7) the 4th connects the 4th faraday rotation mirror (D4) by the 4th sensor fibre (E4)；Signal processing system
(3) the first photodetector module (C5) output end is connected to A/D acquisition modules by the first signal demodulation module (C3)
(C2), the second photodetector module (C6) output end is connected to A/D acquisition modules by secondary signal demodulation module (C4)
(C2), the output of A/D acquisition modules (C2) is connected to computer (C1).
2. a kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Four sensor fibres in described distributed optical fiber sensing system (4) arrange along pipe lengths respectively,
It is connected with the first light path system (1) and the second light path system (2) and forms six interferometers altogether to being monitored along pipeline, four
Sensor fibre is separated by an angle of 90 degrees respectively.
3. a kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：First light path system (1) is with the second light path system (2) respectively the other way around to distributing optical fiber sensing
Optical signal is transmitted in system (4), and the first light path system (1) and the second light path system (2) are placed in sealing container, are laid on
At marine riser head and the tail position.
4. a kind of ocean top-tensioned standpipe leakage monitor of interference type distributed optical fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：First signal demodulation module (C3) and secondary signal demodulation module in described signal processing system (3)
(C4) signal is demodulated using phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation method；First photodetector module (C5), the second light
Electric explorer module (C4), the first signal demodulation module (C3), secondary signal demodulation module (C4), A/D acquisition modules (C2), meter
Calculation machine (C1) is laid on ocean platform, in real time monitoring marine riser operation conditions.
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