CN1054319A - Alternative interference filter and use its optical instrument - Google Patents
Alternative interference filter and use its optical instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1054319A CN1054319A CN 90100843 CN90100843A CN1054319A CN 1054319 A CN1054319 A CN 1054319A CN 90100843 CN90100843 CN 90100843 CN 90100843 A CN90100843 A CN 90100843A CN 1054319 A CN1054319 A CN 1054319A
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Abstract
Optical filter has hierarchy 1, and it each layer 2-5 is the reflecting body of incident light radiation 17, and each layer is by realizing along the periodically equidistant refractive index that changes of the degree of depth.Layer 2-5 be by with monochromatic radiation 6 irradiation of setted wavelength concerning should radiation for transparent, only in irradiation process, just be configured in the element that catoptron 9 preceding photochromicss make and constitute.Described optical filter 68 is as the selection element in the optical instrument, and this optical filter can be with respect to optical radiation 17 rotations of inciding above it.
Description
The present invention relates to optical instrument, relate to alternative interference filter or rather and use its optical instrument.
The present invention can be applicable to spectroscopy, lighting engineering, optics and laser device manufacturing and interplanetary probe.
Known interference filter comprises that two groups or some groups replace overlapping dielectric layer by what the different dielectric substance of refractive index was made, and the optical thickness of each layer equals to incide 1/4th (SU, A, 539284 of the light beam wavelength on the optical filter; SU, A, 881647).
The manufacturing technology complexity of these optical filters also must add protective seam on these optical filters, makes the production process complicated of optical filter extraly, and the optical property of optical filter is degenerated, and that is to say light is seen through.
In addition, the manufacturing of these optical filters also requires to improve the chemical purity of material.
In some known optical filters, wavelength can only be in very narrow scope even regulation.
Known optionally interference filter has hierarchy, from wherein all being reflected into the light that is mapped on the optical filter on each layer.Hierarchy is that the dielectric layer by the phase place half-breadth that plates the multiple with π on metal base plate constitutes, and this dielectric layer is to replace overlapping quarter-wave layer by the even level that the two media that has high index of refraction and low-refraction respectively constitutes.This cover above composite bed its thickness of one deck than the little a lot of metallic absorbing layer of operation wavelength (optics and spectroscopy, the 40th the volume, version in 1976, " science " publishing house, Leningrad,
This known optical filter is gone back the light of reflection wavelength beyond zone of reflections scope except selecting wavelength, be referred to as stray light.In addition, these optical filters have and same shortcoming noted earlier.
Known optical instrument, comprising spectrometer (
Work "
" (spectrometer optics); N in 1975; " machine-building " publishing house; Leningrad; the 5th～10 page); they comprise entrance slit and exit slit, collimator objective and box object lens, be the selective system that main body constitutes with dispersing prism or diffraction grating, for example dispersion system, and receiving trap.This class spectrometer can change operation wavelength equably, but owing to there is narrow entrance slit, has limited the luminous flux density of these instruments, can only analyze intense radiation light.
Know that also some optical instruments comprise the support or the vessel of continuous radiation source, one or two selection element, illuminated object.These instruments can comprise some camera lenses and radiation receiver.Selection element in these instruments or prism or diffraction grating or optical filter (B.B.Leoegeta work " TexHukaonTuleckou cnekmpockonuu " (spectroscopy technology), 1977, Moscow State University publishing house, Moscow, the 166th page).
Adopt prism and diffraction grating then to require to pack into and limit the slit of light intensity.If adopt optical filter as selecting element, then the selection of wavelength is discontinuous, adopts one group of optical filter by wavelength regulation for this reason.Adopt wedge shape optical filter, also require to pack into to limit the slit of light intensity by wavelength regulation.Method by the pure material layer of vacuum deposition wedge shape is made the wedge shape interference filter, also is for the same purpose.This technology is very complicated, and therefore the instrument with the wedge shape optical filter can not be widely adopted.
It is fairly simple to the objective of the invention is to make its manufacture craft, and the selective spike interference filter by wavelength regulation of multiple function is arranged in application.
Task of the present invention is the optical instrument of making alternative interference filter and using this optical filter, can regulate operation wavelength equably in the scope of broad by changing the optical path difference of coherent light when changing angle of incidence of light.
The objective of the invention is to make can be when changing angle of incidence of light in relative broad range the alternative interference filter of even regulation operation wavelength.
Another object of the present invention is to compare with known optical filter to keep band width, reflection coefficient and the contrast factor of optical filter constant.
A further object of the present invention is the background that reduces incident radiation.
A further object of the invention is the scope that further enlarges even regulation.
The objective of the invention is to make the optical filter that to identify the material radiation spectrum.
In addition, the objective of the invention is to make the different band that to tell several wavelength simultaneously.
The method of finishing being put forward of task is to make alternative interference filter have hierarchy, wherein each layer all is reflected into the optical radiation that is mapped on the optical filter, according to the present invention, layer in the hierarchy is by realizing along the periodically equidistant refractive index that changes of the degree of depth, and these layers are by with the irradiation of the monochromatic radiation of at least a setted wavelength, concerning this radiation for transparent, only in irradiation process, just be configured in element formation that the photochromics before the catoptron makes.
Compare with the interference filter that obtains with the method for the parallel plane pure material layer of vacuum deposition, the characteristics of the optical filter of being recommended are to make operation wavelength even regulation in enough wide scope.
Hierarchy depends on the incident angle that incides this structural light to the reflection of various wavelength.
Relevant by the wavelength regulation scope that hierarchy reflects with the effective refractive index of this structure, and refractive index is big more, and range of adjustment is just narrow more.Simultaneously, reflection coefficient is big more, and band is just narrow more, and the number of plies of structure is many more, and the difference of the refractive index of each layer is just big more.
Elements illuminated can be by making based on the photoemulsion of silver salt or by the gelatin that oozes dichromate or by the polymerisation medium with film recording effect or by photopolymer.
The number of plies that common vacuum deposition is obtained is no more than 30～40 layers, continues to increase the accumulation that the number of plies can cause defective, therefore can not increase reflection coefficient, and band is dwindled.Has the big refractive index n of difference in order under the few condition of the number of plies, to have big reflection coefficient and narrow band, must to adopt
1And n
2Material.Because n
1Can be less than 1.3, n then
2Usually get value greater than 2.The effective refractive index of hierarchical system is approximately 2 or more as a result.
The method for making of the optical filter of being recommended can be produced the optical filter of the number of plies many (about 100～200 layers) under the condition of the precision of the bed thickness (half-wavelength) that keeps automatically being obtained.The effective refractive index of hierarchical system is near the refractive index (being about 1.5 concerning the silver halide photography latex) of original photochromics.Number of plies multipotency guarantees to have high reflectance and band (poor unlike the optical filter that obtains with sedimentation) under the condition of the low modulation level of refractive index, can guarantee the wavelength regulation wide ranges and effective refractive index is little.
Optical filter preferably has base plate, and hierarchy just is configured on the base plate.Hierarchy is configured in optical filter on the base plate and compares with the optical filter of no base plate and have following advantage: bigger intensity is arranged by means of the intensity of base plate; Bigger reflection coefficient; Narrower band and owing to the interference of the light of the boundary reflection of having got rid of " air-hierarchy " has contrast preferably.Decide on baseboard material and operating wavelength range, base plate can rejection ratio the grow tall very big interference of a lot of magnitude wavelength of the operating wave of basic magnitude.
Can reflect at it and dispose hierarchy on faceted pebble, and optical radiation can be incided on any one unconfined faceted pebble of prism with at least one prism as base plate; Perhaps can on an one plane, dispose hierarchy, and optical radiation can be incided on its another plane with at least one optics wedge as base plate; Perhaps base plate can be an element with form of lens.
The range of adjustment that the optical filter energy broadening operation wavelength of lens type base plate is arranged.
Base plate is that optical filter and the base plate of optics wedge is that flat optical filter is compared and had such advantage, be that it is the same with the situation of lens type base plate, not only directly from coherent light, separate from the light that " air-base plate " interface is reflected, and its other reflection direction is arranged.The advantage that has the optical filter of wedge-shaped floor to keep simultaneously plate shaped base plate optical filter is arranged-its physical dimension is little, and the incident faceted pebble is consistent with the outgoing faceted pebble.
Base plate is that the optical filter of lens type is not only optical filter element, and is the optical focus element.
When the element made by photochromics with the irradiation of the different monochromatic radiation of two or more wavelength, hierarchy correspondingly can have the equidistant layer of two or more groups, and wherein each layer is all corresponding to the natural wavelength of monochromatic radiation.
This optical filter is a polychrome.It can reflect the radiation of two or more wavelength simultaneously, and when changing the radiation incident angle that arrives on the optical filter, each wavelength is wherein all readjusted.
The best optical radiation continuous distribution along the directive hierarchy of the equidistant layer group of in the hierarchy each is simultaneously also at space coincidence.
The making of this optical filter is much simpler than similar known optical filter.Each equidistant layer is organized the proportionate relationship that can obtain each setted wavelength at space coincidence with pin-point accuracy in reflected light, and this is because different layer groups itself is that (synchronization) obtains simultaneously.
Show that also the more handy parallel monochromatic radiation light beams of two or more equidistant layer groups form, and hierarchy comprises some independent sectors, these independent sectors are exactly the corresponding equidistant layer group of independent sector with the optical radiation wavefront of directive hierarchy.
This optical filter provides the light beams of different wavelengths along spatial transmission in reflection.
Show that the following practice is favourable, be that hierarchy has some layers, the isometry of these layers is by realizing along a plane of the xsect of hierarchy, this plane is perpendicular to any change direction of one deck and each layer thickness simultaneously, and this plane is to be formed by the radiation with continuous spectrum characteristic.
This optical filter can not only be mapped to the incident angle of the light on the optical filter and can realize the adjusting of wavelength by near the displacement of the lines of optical filter slit light hurdle by change.Compare with the known wedge optical filter made from the method for vacuum deposition wedge shape material layer, above-mentioned optical filter has the very simple feature of manufacture craft.
A pressue device can be installed on hierarchy, and this device guarantees that the thickness of equidistant layer is along the hierarchy linear change.
Therefore in the manufacture craft of optical filter, can guarantee to change refractive index with very simple method.
Prism can have the cross section of rhomboid, the identical hierarchy of configuration on two symmetrical incline face.
Prism can also have two pairs of incline faces with respect to public symmetrical plane self symmetry, can dispose hierarchy on each face of a pair of incline face.
This optical filter both can be by wavelength, also can select by incident angle.Its is the optical radiation of reflection a kind of wavelength of advancing along a definite direction only, and it can also have little physical dimension and weight, and this is because can remove the inoperative part of rhomboid.
To leach light wavelength and incide the incident angle that is the structural light of layer in order to regulate exactly in order to control, the following practice is favourable, be that optical filter will have a shell, on the wall of shell, do two and be respectively going into perforation and leaching the perforation hole of radiation of the radiation incided on the hierarchy.
Hierarchy is installed in the shell, can and/or carry out displacement of the lines with respect to the incident radiation rotation.
In this case, outgoing leach the restriction that radiation can not be subjected to the hole on the shell, promptly when leaching radiation in spatial movement, this structure of optical filter is significant.
Optical filter can also have such shell, its wall is served as by the incident faceted pebble or the optics wedge of prism, and the light hurdle that passes through for the radiation of directive hierarchy can be set on the shell wall over there, and hierarchy can be done to such an extent that can rotate and/or do displacement of the lines relatively each other with the light hurdle.
These optical filters can scan the direction and/or the catoptrical wavelength of light.
Also can finish this task by following method, promptly in being housed, the radiation that is used for from incide instrument tells in the optical instrument of selection element of one or more wavelength, according to the present invention, select element to adopt above-mentioned alternative interference filter, it is mounted to such an extent that can rotate with respect to the optical radiation that is mapped to above it.
This instrument is compared with some known instruments has stronger light transmission.
Described optical filter guarantees to change equably operation wavelength, and narrow band is arranged, hard contrast and big reflection coefficient.
Some other purpose of the present invention and advantage will illustrate by following embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Below with reference to the description of drawings embodiments of the invention, thus explanation the present invention.These accompanying drawings are:
Figure 1 shows that and conform to alternative interference filter of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows that and conform to the same optical filter that the prism-like base plate is arranged of the present invention;
Figure 3 shows that and conform to the same optical filter that optics wedge shape base plate is arranged of the present invention;
Figure 4 shows that and conform to the same optical filter that the lens type base plate is arranged of the present invention;
Figure 5 shows that and conform to the optical filter that several prisms are arranged of the present invention;
Figure 6 shows that and conform to the optical filter that several optics wedges are arranged of the present invention;
Figure 7 shows that and conform to the optical filter that has several groups along the layer of radiation approach continuous distribution of the present invention;
Figure 8 shows that and conform to several groups of optical filters that are distributed in the layer in space that have of the present invention;
Figure 9 shows that and conform to the optical filter that has several groups at the layer of space coincidence of the present invention;
Figure 10 shows that and conform to the optical filter that energy even regulation of the present invention leaches radiation wavelength;
Figure 11 shows that and conform to the optical filter that the pressue device of hierarchy is housed of the present invention;
Figure 12 shows that same a kind of optical filter of compression layer;
Figure 13 shows that and conform to the optical filter that its cross section of the present invention is the base plate of rhomboid;
Figure 14 shows that and conform to the optical filter that its cross section of the present invention is the base plate of isosceles triangle;
Figure 15 shows that the optical filter that conforms to its complex-shaped base plate of the present invention;
Figure 16 shows that and conform to the optical filter that shell is housed of the present invention;
Figure 17 shows that the optical filter that shell is housed that conforms to another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 18 shows that the schematic diagram that conforms to optical instrument of the present invention.
Alternative interference filter has hierarchy 1(Fig. 1), this hierarchy comprises that its refractive index is along the periodically variable equidistant layer 2,3,4 and 5 of the degree of depth.How this optical filter prepares if symbolically being shown among Fig. 1.Get an element of making by transparent photochromics, allow and come out through this element of parallel beam 6 directives of optical system 7 from light source 8.In irradiation process, elements illuminated is placed the front of metallic mirror 9, after irradiation, this catoptron is taken away.At least with a kind of setted wavelength be into monochromatic radiation shine.
The reflection wave of beam reflected 6 and incident wave interfere ， And and form standing wave from the catoptron 9.In the antinode and node 11 places of standing wave, the variations in refractive index difference of photochromics.
The result of shining, the element of being made by photochromics begins to have hierarchy 1.Antinode 10 equidistantly distributes in elements illuminated, and distance each other is λ
0/ 2n the n here is the refractive index of material, therefore makes the equidistant layer 2～5 in the hierarchy 1 corresponding with 2～5 layers periodicity, then the thickness d of a layer=(λ)/(2n) (1)
The maximum of symbolically representing the photochromics refractive index with perpendicular line changes face 12.The number of plies N of the layer 2～5 in the hierarchy 1 is calculated by following formula with the relevant ， And of thickness d of elements illuminated thickness D and each layer 2～5:
N= (D)/(d) = (D·2n)/(λ
O) （2）
Each layer 2～5 all partly is reflected into the optical radiation that is mapped on the hierarchy.The interference of the light that its wavelength that reflects from layer 2～5 equates with the coherent light optical path difference has maximum value.The radiation of this wavelength is being filtered off by described optical filter reflex time.
Elements illuminated is made by transparent photochromics, and this material is to adopt based on the photoemulsion of silver salt or ooze the gelatin of dichromate or the polymerisation medium or the photopolymer of film recording effect are arranged.
Similarly, hierarchy 1 is configured on the faceted pebble 21 of optics wedge 14 (Fig. 3), and its faceted pebble of optical radiation 17 directives 22 also shoots out through this faceted pebble 22 and leach radiation 19.
When adopting lens 15(Fig. 4) time, optical filter has and above-mentioned similar structure, and radiation 17 is filtered, and is collimations if it can also be focused on the focus 23(optical radiation 17 of lens 15).
Radiation reflected 24(Fig. 2～4 from " surrounding medium-optical filter " interface) all schemes of being looked, its direction is all different with the direction that leaches radiation 19.
Base plate can comprise not only a prism 13 or wedge 14, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.And prism 13(and wedge 14) distribute along structure 1, its quantity depends on the length of structure 1.The physical dimension of each prism 13, thereby its weight are all little a lot of when adopting a prism 13 in the scheme shown in Figure 2.All prisms 13 ' weight and physical dimension less than the weight and the physical dimension of prism 13.
Much smaller in total physical dimension of whole optical filter therefore shown in Figure 5 and the weight ratio scheme shown in Figure 2, and can believe that at this moment the structure of whole optical filter is the directrix plane formula.When adopting many wedge 14 ' (Fig. 6), the structure of optical filter is also similar to it.
Elements illuminated can be subjected to the effect of the radiation of two or more different wave lengths.At this moment in element, form the some groups of equidistant layers corresponding with these wavelength.In the hierarchy each layer group can form with diverse ways, and they depend on the task and the effect of the optical filter of being made.
Shown in Figure 8 respectively organize 29,30 and 31 and be dispersed in the space along hierarchy 1, hierarchy all has independent sector, and radiation acts on each part of structure 1 respectively, and its result produces and wavelength X
1, λ
2, λ
3Corresponding is dispersed in the space respectively by each group 29～31 radiation that leach 32,33,34.
Shown in Figure 9 each layer group 29 ', 30 ' and 31 ' coincide in the space, leached by these layers group and wavelength X
1, λ
2, λ
3Corresponding radiation also will coincide in the space.
For the optical filter that obtains symbolically to illustrate, use the continuous radiation illumination elements as Figure 10.Layer 2 ", 3 ", 4 in the hierarchy 35 ", 5 " is distributed in the xsect of representing with plane 36 equidistantly, plane 36 is perpendicular to the direction of the variation in thickness of layer in the layer 2 "～5 " and layer 2 "～5 ", and the thickness of layer 2 "～5 " changes monotonously along hierarchy 35.This optical filter can in careless which type of (not shown) front, slit light hurdle move by making it, obtains analyzed radiation spectrum or the wavelength that leaches radiated wave 19 is regulated.
The optical filter (Figure 11) that the compression set 37 of this structure is housed on hierarchy 1 has the possibility of the similar function of performance.This device comprises cramp frame 38 and is used for changing the screw 39 of the pressure of cramp frame 38.Hierarchy 1 is by the elastic compression material, for example made by the gelatin that oozes dichromate.
The result of compress-layering structure 1, only there is isometry (Figure 12) layer 2 "～5 " wherein in xsect, just as shown in Figure 10 similar.
According to the present invention, prism can have rhomboid 40(Figure 13) cross section or isosceles triangle 41(Figure 14) the cross section, the latter is that the part by rhomboid constitutes, and therefore needn't set forth its performance separately.On the incline face 42,43 of two symmetries of prism 40 (Figure 13), disposing two hierarchies 1 and 44.The idle faceted pebble 45 of optical radiation 17 directives just shoots out from another idle faceted pebble 46 after the continuous reflection on hierarchy 1 and 44 and leach radiation 19.Angle γ between the idle faceted pebble 45 and 46 is selected by following relationship:
If β≤90 °, then γ=2 β
If β＞90 °, then γ=360 °-2 β (3)
Angle between the faceted pebble 42 and 43 of β in the formula-have respectively above it hierarchy 1 and 44.
In more common embodiment, prism 47(Figure 15) complicated shape is arranged, have two pairs of incline faces 48,49 and 50,51 of symmetry in pairs at least, their plane of symmetry is public; Hierarchy 1,44 is configured on a pair of incline face 48,49, and each is chosen by relational expression (3) respectively angle β between faceted pebble 48,49 and 50,51 and γ.The idle faceted pebble 50 ， And of optical radiation 17 directives from structure 44 and 1 reflection, penetrate from idle faceted pebble 51 and leach radiation 19 continuously.
Optical filter shown in Figure 16 comprises the hierarchy 1 that is arranged on the prism 13, and this optical filter has a shell 52, and shell is provided with going into perforation 53 and leaching the perforation hole 54 of radiation 19 usefulness of incident radiation 17 usefulness.Go into perforation 53 and be included within 55,56 these systems of hole, constitute the light hurdle, this light hurdle for example can be a photoconductive tube arbitrarily.
Shell 52 ' (Figure 17) can be contained in the outside of optical filter, and its wall is served as by the incident faceted pebble 16 of prism 13.Shell 52 ' opposite walls 62 on the light hurdle that is made of the hole 53,55 that is arranged in sleeve pipe 63 and 56 these systems is housed.The displacement of the lines mechanism of prism 13 comprises sleeve pipe 63 interactional screw 64 and the springs 65 with the light hurdle, and both assurances of back make light hurdle and prism 13 do linear moving mutually, is mapped to incident angle on the hierarchy 1 thereby change radiation 17.Shell 52 by changing bellows-type ' shape, guarantee to make the prism 13 that is fixed on the rotating base 66 to rotate.Leaching radiation 19 penetrates through faceted pebble 20 from optical filter.
The optical instrument of making according to alternative interference filter (Figure 18) comprises as this kind optical filter of selecting element.Optical instrument comprises that its frame is used as collimation lens 66, optical filter 68 and the radiation receiver 69 into perforation.The optical instrument of this structure is a kind of do not have slit, monochromator that printing opacity is strong.
In order to enlarge the function of optical instrument, the radiation source 70 of in it constitutes, packing into and having the continuous spectrum characteristic.In this case, instrument is as the tilted mono-color reflector of wavelength-tunable.
The principle of work of alternative interference filter is as follows.
λ＝2dncosα （4）
Change the incident angle α of the light on the optical filter, can change the wavelength of reflected radiation 19.
The photochromics of in fact illuminated element is to select for use setted wavelength λ
0Be material transparent, simultaneously its refractive index changes very littlely under the effect of light, and enough resolution (homogeneity of material internal should less than λ/15) is arranged for the formation hierarchy.
Having on the optical filter of base plate, radiation reflected 24 straightly with radiation reflected from layer 2～5 19 separately even is propagated along other direction from " air-optical filter " interface.Therefore it can not interfere with radiation 19, can not destroy interference image yet.
If base plate adopts prism or optics wedge, then radiation reflected 24 is an angle separately from " air-optical filter " interface, and the range of adjustment of wavelength wide during than the plane parallel base plate.
When adopting lens 15(Fig. 4) time, in reflected radiation 19, will observe the maximum value of a certain wavelength, and if to incide on the optical filter be the plane parallel light beam, then monochromatic light will focus on the focus 23 of lens 15.
Several layers group 25 and 26 are arranged; 29,30 and 31 optical filter, when the radiation 17 with continuous spectrum characteristic is incided above it, light that will two or more wavelength of reflection, and each layer group can or be dispersed in space (29,30,31) at space coincidence (29 ', 30 ' and 31 ').
When radiation 17 is incided on the different piece of the different optical filter of as shown in Figure 8 bed thickness, each several part will reflect different wave length λ
1, λ
2, λ
3Light.
When the incident ray displacement toward each other (displacement is X) of optical filter and optical radiation, and during the invariable incident angle on the directive optical filter, catoptrical wavelength will change.And, also can change catoptrical wavelength by changing the incident angle of the light on the optical filter.The structure of the optical filter shown in Figure 11,12 can be used to change d λ/dX value, just the dispersion interaction of optical filter.
If having the optical radiation of any spectral characteristic incides on the optical filter with arbitrarily angled, then the optical filter shown in Figure 13,14 only reflects a kind of light of wavelength, and the light of just thinking this wavelength just be reflected when inciding on the optical filter (parameter of prism is selected like this, so that radiation on telling along the normal incidence of incident faceted pebble 31 to optical filter) with certain angle.
The optical filter of its result shown in Figure 15,16,17 only told the light along its normal incidence, this is because for example light hurdle (Figure 16,17) do not allow the light of oblique incidence pass through, and when light hurdle and hierarchy 1 were in an orientation each other, optical filter only leached a kind of light of wavelength.Change the mutual bearings of light hurdle and hierarchy 1, can make optical filter aim at the light of any wavelength in the given range.Change the orientation of optical filter, can scan, just determine to aim at the direction of setted wavelength light source (not shown) along different angles.
Comprise that described optical instrument as optical filter, collimating element and the radiation receiver of selecting element can be used as no slit, monochromator that printing opacity is strong, utilizes it can analyze the spectrum of any radiation, comprising the spectrum of weak radiation source.Light is from light source directive object lens, and the wavelength ， And that optical filter 1 reflection is selected delivers to optical receiver with it.The rotating filtering sheet promptly carries out the transition to another wavelength.
If in the formation of the optical instrument of the optical filter of the conduct of recommending comprising selection element, packing into has the radiation source of continuous spectrum characteristic, then instrument can be used to shine various objects.In this case, be mapped on the collimation lens, leach by optical filter from the light in continuous spectrum source.Obtain the monochromatic radiation that irradiation object is used at perforation hole.
Enumerate the specific embodiments of some described optical filters below.
Example 1:
The hierarchy that the useful photoemulsion that contains silver bromide of alternative interference filter is made.The thickness of hierarchy is 18 pms (MKM).Wherein be no less than 85 layers.Change the refractive index from 1.52 to 1.60.Utilize wavelength X
0=633 millimicrons helium-neon laser obtains hierarchy.Leach radiation wavelength λ between 480 to 633 millimicrons.The reflectivity of green spectral regions reaches 40%.In whole wavelength regulation scope, the band width is 8～10 millimicrons.
Example 2:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy that the gelatin (containing ammonium dichromate) handled with bromination is made.The thickness of hierarchy is 10 pms.Wherein be no less than 60 layers.Change the refractive index from 1.50 to 1.60.Utilize wavelength X
0=488 millimicrons argon laser obtains hierarchy.Leach radiation wavelength between 380 to 488 millimicrons.The reflectivity in indigo plant-green light spectrum district reaches 70%.Spectral bandwidth is 5～6 millimicrons.
Example 3:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from the polymerisation medium of the film recording effect of the record oxide isolation type that contains anthracene.The thickness of hierarchy is 1 millimeter.Wherein be no less than 4500 layers.Utilize wavelength X
0=633 millimicrons helium-neon laser obtains hierarchy.Leach radiation wavelength between 475 to 633 millimicrons.The reflectivity of green spectral regions reaches 10%.Spectral bandwidth is 0.1～0.2 millimicron.
Example 4:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from liquid polymer.Polymkeric substance comprises with the vinyl monomer of atomic group form polymerization and stable compound.Being layer thickness of structure is 20 pms.Utilize wavelength X
0=442 millimicrons He-Cd laser obtains that 130 layers structure is arranged approximately.Leach radiation wavelength between 350 to 442 millimicrons.Reflection coefficient is 15%, and spectral bandwidth is 3～4 millimicrons.
Example 5:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from the photoemulsion that contains silver bromide.The thickness of hierarchy is 21 pms.Wherein be no less than 100 layers.Utilize wavelength X
0=633 millimicrons He-Ne Lasers obtains hierarchy.Hierarchy is configured in angle and is respectively on 90 °, 45 °, 45 ° the slant edge face of right-angle triangle prism.Leach radiation wavelength between 360 to 610 millimicrons reflection coefficient from red and purple spectral region 40% to 70% of green spectral regions.Spectral bandwidth is 8～10 millimicrons.
Example 6:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from the photoemulsion that contains silver bromide, and the thickness of hierarchy is 21 pms.Wherein be no less than 100 layers.Utilize wavelength X
0=633 millimicrons helium-neon laser obtains hierarchy.It is on 30 ° the faceted pebble of laser optics wedge that hierarchy is configured in angle.Leach radiation wavelength between 570 to 633 millimicrons.Reflection coefficient is about 60%.
Example 7:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from the photoemulsion that contains silver bromide.The thickness of hierarchy is 21 pms.Utilize wavelength X
0=633 millimicrons helium-neon laser forms hierarchy on the part of the thin slice made from photoemulsion, then utilize wavelength X on another part
02=488 millimicrons argon laser forms hierarchy.
Hierarchy is arranged on the plane bottom plate.Leach radiation and comprise two kinds of wavelength in the parallel outgoing beam.If in the approach that leaches radiation one optical screen is set, the luminous point that is made of two kinds of colors then can appear on optical screen.When the incident angle of the optical radiation that makes the directive optical filter from 0 ° change to+35 ° the time, will cause above-mentioned two kinds of wavelength change, what its medium wavelength was short will change to 488 millimicrons from 380 millimicrons, and wavelength long will change to 633 millimicrons from 570 millimicrons.
Example 8:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from the photoemulsion that contains silver bromide.The thickness of hierarchy is 42 pms.Hierarchy is to be λ by wavelength
0'=633 millimicrons and λ
0" two kinds of laser of=488 millimicrons are realized.Each layer Accounting that is obtained by first kind of laser is according to half of sheet thickness, and second half of thickness is then by each layer Accounting of the institute certificate that is obtained by second kind of laser.First layer group be positioned on the radiation approach of directive optical filter more nearby.The analysis result that leaches radiation is shown, when with a kind of incident angle directive optical filter, leach radiation and comprise two kinds of wavelength.When changing incident angle, corresponding to λ
0' and λ
0" the wavelength that leaches radiation change to 633 from 570 respectively, and change to 488 millimicrons from 350.
Example 9:
Alternative interference filter comprises the hierarchy made from the photoemulsion that contains silver bromide.Hierarchy is by wavelength X
0=633 millimicrons radiation realizes, and to be configured in angle be that this prism is a kind of special circumstances of rhomboidal prism on two right angle faceted pebbles of Tp of 90 °, 45 °, 45 °.With light source irradiation optical filter, be that 449 millimicrons, spectral bandwidth are 10 millimicrons radiation with leaching wavelength, but this radiation of having only when the directive optical filter is just can take place during along normal direction with continuous spectrum characteristic.When incident angle changes 1 °, leach radiation intensity and will weaken half, and when incident angle changed 2 °, in fact optical filter can not allow radiation pass through.
The optical filter of being recommended is that optionally narrowband wavelength is regulated optical filter.Its making can be quite simple, and have a lot of functions in application.
When the band width was 8 millimicrons, its wavelength regulation scope was that 240 millimicrons adjustable type optical filter can replace 30 non-adjustable type optical filters with same band.If consider the cost of an optical filter, adopt the present invention will receive remarkable economic efficiency so.
The present invention can be applicable to spectroscopy, lighting engineering, optical instrument and laser device manufacturing and carries out interplanetary probe.
Claims (23)
1, alternative interference filter has hierarchy (1), its each layer (2～5) all is the reflecting body that incides the optical radiation (17) on the optical filter, it is characterized by: the layer (2～5) of hierarchy (1) is by realizing along the periodically equidistant refractive index that changes of the degree of depth, and these layers be by with monochromatic radiation (6) irradiation of at least a given wavelength concerning this radiation for transparent, only in irradiation process, just be configured in element formation that the preceding photochromics of catoptron (9) makes.
2, alternative interference filter according to claim 1 is characterized by: elements illuminated is by making based on the photoemulsion of silver salt or by the gelatin that oozes dichromate or by the polymerisation medium that the film recording effect is arranged or by photopolymer.
3, alternative interference filter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized by: it has base plate, disposes hierarchy (1) on base plate.
4, alternative interference filter according to claim 3, it is characterized by: base plate adopts at least one prism (13), on the reflection faceted pebble (16) of this prism, disposing hierarchy (1), and any one idle faceted pebble (18) of optical radiation (17) directive prism (13)
5, alternative interference filter according to claim 3, it is characterized by: base plate adopts at least one optics wedge (14), on a faceted pebble (21) of this wedge, disposing hierarchy (1), and its another faceted pebble (22) of optical radiation (17) directive.
6, alternative interference filter according to claim 3 is characterized by: base plate is an element with lens (15) form.
7, alternative interference filter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized by: when shining the element of making by photochromics with the different monochromatic radiation of two or more wavelength, hierarchy (1) correspondingly has the equidistant layer (2～5 of two or more groups (25,26), 2 '～5 '), wherein each group is all corresponding to the natural wavelength of monochromatic radiation.
8, alternative interference filter according to claim 3, it is characterized by: when shining the element of making by photochromics with the different monochromatic radiation of two or more wavelength, hierarchy (1) correspondingly has the equidistant layer (2～5 of two or more groups (25,26), 2 '～5 '), wherein each group is all corresponding to the monochromatic radiation natural wavelength.
9, alternative interference filter according to claim 7 is characterized by: each the equidistant layer of group (25,26) (2～5,2 '～5 ') in the hierarchy (1) is along optical radiation (17) configuration continuously of directive hierarchy (1).
10, alternative interference filter according to claim 7 is characterized by: each group in the hierarchy (1) (29 ', 30 ', 31 ') equidistant layer of optical radiation (17) configuration continuously along directive hierarchy (1), and at space coincidence.
11, alternative interference filter according to claim 7, it is characterized by: hierarchy (35) has layer (2 "～5 "), the isometry of each layer is realized by the plane in the xsect of hierarchy (35) (36), this plane is simultaneously perpendicular to the change direction of one deck (2 "～5 ") and layer (2 "～5 ") thickness arbitrarily, and form by the radiation with continuous spectrum feature.
12, alternative interference filter according to claim 7, it is characterized by: the equidistant layer of two or more groups is that the parallel beam by monochromatic radiation forms, and hierarchy (1) comprises several individual portions, and they are the corresponding equidistant layer groups (29,30,31) of independent sector with the wavefront of the optical radiation (17) of directive hierarchy (1).
13, alternative interference filter according to claim 3 is characterized by: be equipped with on hierarchy (1) and guarantee to make the pressue device (37) of the thickness of equidistant layer (2～5) along hierarchy (1) linear change.
14, alternative interference filter according to claim 4 is characterized by: prism has the cross section (40) of rhomboid, is disposing same hierarchy (1,44) on its two symmetrical incline faces (42,43).
15, alternative interference filter according to claim 4, it is characterized by: prism (47) has two pairs of incline faces (48,49 and 50,51) that self symmetry of the public plane of symmetry is arranged, and is disposing hierarchy (1,44) on each incline face (48,49) of a centering.
16, alternative interference filter according to claim 5 is characterized by: be equipped with on hierarchy (1) and guarantee to make the pressue device (37) of the thickness of equidistant layer (2～5) along hierarchy (1) linear change.
17, alternative interference filter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized by: it has shell (52), on shell wall, be provided with two holes (53,54), be respectively the going into perforation and leach the perforation hole of radiation (19) of radiation (17) of directive hierarchy (1).
18, alternative interference filter according to claim 4, it is characterized by: it has shell (52 '), a wall of shell is served as by the incident faceted pebble (16) of prism (13), and the light hurdle that passes through for the radiation (17) of directive hierarchy (1) is housed on the opposite walls (62) of shell (52 ').
19, alternative interference filter according to claim 5, it is characterized by: it has shell (52 '), a wall of shell is served as by the incident faceted pebble (22) of optics wedge (14), and the light hurdle that passes through for the radiation (17) of directive hierarchy (1) is housed on the opposite walls (62) of shell (52 ').
20, according to the described alternative interference filter of claim 17, it is characterized by: hierarchy (1) is arranged on and can rotates and/or do in the shell (52) of linear displacement with respect to incident radiation (17).
21, alternative interference filter according to claim 18 is characterized by: hierarchy (1) and light hurdle are done to such an extent that can rotate and/or do linear displacement mutually.
22, alternative interference filter according to claim 19 is characterized by: hierarchy (1) and light hurdle are done to such an extent that can rotate and/or do linear displacement mutually.
23, the optical instrument that comprises the selection element that is used for from incident radiation, telling a kind of or some kinds of wavelength radiation, it is characterized by: adopt the described alternative interference filter of claim 1 as selecting element, this optical filter is installed to such an extent that can rotate with respect to the optical radiation of inciding above it.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90100843 CN1054319A (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Alternative interference filter and use its optical instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90100843 CN1054319A (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Alternative interference filter and use its optical instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1054319A true CN1054319A (en) | 1991-09-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90100843 Pending CN1054319A (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Alternative interference filter and use its optical instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1054319A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102955187A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-03-06 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Sloped structure, method for manufacturing sloped structure, and spectrum sensor |
| CN107544109A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-05 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Optical filter, camera lens module and imaging modules |
| WO2018075640A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical filters complementary angular blocking regions |
| CN110165533A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-23 | 北京图湃影像科技有限公司 | A kind of frequency swept laser and its implementation |
-
1990
- 1990-02-20 CN CN 90100843 patent/CN1054319A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102955187A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-03-06 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Sloped structure, method for manufacturing sloped structure, and spectrum sensor |
| US9285271B2 (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2016-03-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sloped structure, method for manufacturing sloped structure, and spectrum sensor |
| CN102955187B (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2016-06-29 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Incline structure body, the manufacture method of incline structure body and spectroscopic sensor |
| WO2018075640A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical filters complementary angular blocking regions |
| CN109923445A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-06-21 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical light filter with supplementary angles barrier zones |
| CN109923445B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2022-01-14 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical filter with complementary angular blocking regions |
| US11366257B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2022-06-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical filters complementary angular blocking regions |
| US11899230B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2024-02-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical filters complementary angular blocking regions |
| CN107544109A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-05 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Optical filter, camera lens module and imaging modules |
| CN107544109B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2021-03-19 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Lens module and imaging module |
| CN110165533A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-23 | 北京图湃影像科技有限公司 | A kind of frequency swept laser and its implementation |
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