CN105429132B - Method for constructing motor load model - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a motor load model, which comprises the following steps: establishing a motor load model; carrying out accident simulation calculation on the motor load model; frequency characteristic parameters of the motor load model are determined. The construction method of the motor load model accurately determines the frequency parameters of various motor loads, and has important significance for improving the simulation precision of the power system and ensuring the safety and the reliable operation of the normal operation of a power grid; the torque-slip physical mechanism characteristic of the motor is fully considered, and the convergence characteristic and the robustness are good; the method overcomes the defect that the traditional load model can not accurately describe the load frequency characteristic of the asynchronous motor group, improves the reliability of the simulation calculation of the power system, and provides powerful guarantee for scientific planning and safe and stable operation of the power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power system simulation technology, in particular to a method for constructing a motor load model.
Background
With the improvement of the interconnection degree of the power system, the dynamic characteristics of the power grid under the fault condition become more and more complex, and in order to improve the safety of the power grid and prevent the occurrence of a blackout accident, the characteristics of the power grid under a specific state are generally required to be comprehensively known in the planning and operation of the power grid. On one hand, the requirement of the power grid determines that it is impossible to study the stability of the system in an actual power grid through experiments, and on the other hand, the operation state aimed by simulation is often a future predicted situation and does not occur in practice, so that it is also determined that the study on the stability of the power grid in the actual system is impossible. In this case, the simulation becomes an essential tool for the operation, planning and design of the power grid.
In an actually operating power system, a frequency dynamic process curve can be obtained through actual measurement, but a system simulation result and the actually measured frequency dynamic process curve sometimes have a large difference. In 1996, the accident analysis report of the western coordination committee (WSCC) in the united states indicated that simulation using different load models would yield different and even diametrically opposite analysis results, which led people to recognize the impact and importance of load models on simulation calculations.
When a system fails to cause power imbalance, the frequency changes, especially in some independent power grids or micro-grids, the frequency changes are often large when the system fails, and the frequency characteristic of the power grid depends on the load frequency characteristic, so that the load model structure and parameters considering the frequency characteristic are very important for correctly knowing the dynamic characteristic of the system frequency of the micro-grid or the independent power grid. Load models and parameters adopted by the current simulation of the power grid in China are mostly determined based on accident simulation in the last 80 th century or so (local power grids are adjusted continuously). However, with the great changes of scientific and technological development and industrial structure, the load composition and characteristics of the power grid are changed greatly, and particularly with the development of a cross-regional hybrid power grid, the simulation precision of the current load model parameters has a large deviation from reality, so that the current load model parameters cannot accurately describe the dynamic frequency characteristics of the load.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for constructing the motor load model, which overcomes the defect that the parameters of the traditional motor load model cannot accurately describe the frequency characteristics of the dynamic load, improves the reliability of simulation calculation of the power system, and provides powerful guarantee for scientific planning and safe and stable operation of the power system.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for constructing a motor load model, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a motor load model;
step 2: carrying out accident simulation calculation on the motor load model;
and step 3: frequency characteristic parameters of the motor load model are determined.
In step 1, the motor load model is as follows:
wherein, ω is0Represents the initial rotational speed of the motor, and0＝1-s0，s0representing the rotor initial slip; e'dRepresenting motor direct-axis transient potential, E'qRepresenting motor quadrature axis transient potential; i isdRepresenting the d-axis current of the motor, IqRepresents the q-axis current of the induction motor, and IdAnd IqRespectively expressed as:
wherein, VdRepresenting the direct-axis voltage, V, of the motorqRepresenting motor quadrature-axis voltage, RsDenotes the stator resistance, X' denotes the short-circuit reactance when the rotor is stationary, and
Xsdenotes stator leakage reactance, XrDenotes rotor leakage reactance, XmRepresents an excitation reactance;
x represents open-circuit reactance of rotor, and X ═ Xs+Xm；
T0' represents a rotor loop time constant when the stator is open-circuited, and
ωbrepresents synchronous angular velocity, and ωb＝2πfbase，fbaseRepresenting power frequency, and taking 50 Hz; rrRepresenting the rotor resistance;
TJrepresenting the time constant of inertia, TMRepresenting the mechanical torque, T, of the motorERepresents the motor electromagnetic torque, and TMAnd TERespectively expressed as:
TE＝E′dId+E′qIq(6)
wherein: omegarIs the actual rotational speed of the motor, and ωr1-s, s is the actual slip of the rotor; A. b, C denotes the mechanical torque coefficient of the motor, T0Representing the initial mechanical torque of the motor.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1: determining the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient P of a load nodef；
Step 2-2: dividing the load element into a static load and a dynamic load according to load characteristics;
step 2-3: calculating the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of the static loadDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQ；
Step 2-4: determining the operation mode of the power system during an accident and determining an accident simulation mode;
step 2-5: given the mechanical torque coefficient A, B, C of the motor;
step 2-6: and performing simulation calculation by adopting power system simulation software PSD-BPA or PSASP.
In step 2-1, determining the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient of the load node includes:
let P0The active load initial value of the load node is shown, k is the number of the equipment types contained in the load node, and NiRepresenting the percentage of the active power of the device type i to the active power of the load node, and i is 1. Active power-frequency characteristic coefficient P of device type ifiActive power P representing, then, type i of deviceiExpressed as:
Pi＝Ni×P0(7)
according to formula (7) there are:
wherein, PfRepresenting the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient of the load node.
In the step 2-2, the dynamic load is a motor load, and the dynamic load comprises an air conditioner, a refrigerator and a washing machine;
the static loads are loads other than motor loads, and the dynamic loads include incandescent lamps, water heaters, and televisions.
In the step 2-3, the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of the static load is calculatedDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQThe method comprises the following steps:
let NsiThe active power P of the static load in the equipment type i is the active percentage of the static load in the equipment type iSiComprises the following steps:
PSi＝Ni×NSi×P0(9)
the combined active power P of the static loadSaThe sum of the active power of the static load of each equipment type in the motor load model is as follows:
active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of static loadDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQExpressed as:
wherein, PfiCoefficient of active power-frequency characteristic, Q, representing device type ifiAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient representing the equipment type i.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1: calculating load node active power change percentage K caused by power system frequency change according to power system frequency change and load node active power changepfThe method comprises the following steps:
where Δ f denotes a frequency change amount of the power system, and Δ f ═ f1-f0，f1Indicating that the power system frequency recovers to a stable frequency after an accident, f0Indicating the frequency of the power system at the beginning of the accident;
Δ P represents an active power variation amount of the load node, and Δ P ═ P1-P0，P1Representing the active power of the load node when the frequency of the power system is recovered to be stable after the accident;
step 3-2: comparison KpfActive power-frequency characteristic coefficient P with load nodefIf | Kpf-PfIf the | is more than 0.001, A, B, C is required to be adjusted, and the step 2-6 is returned; otherwise indicating the machine of a given motorThe torque coefficient A, B, C is the frequency parameter of the motor load model.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the load model has important influence on the stable operation characteristic of a large-area interconnected power grid, motor loads are more than 60% of the loads of a power system, and the load dynamic characteristic after the system fails mainly comes from the comprehensive response characteristic of the motor loads;
2) firstly, determining an active power-frequency characteristic coefficient and a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient of a static load in a load node through a statistical synthesis method, and then determining a mechanical torque coefficient A, B, C of an asynchronous motor of the whole load node through a fault synthesis method, so that the frequency characteristic of the motor group load can be accurately described;
3) the invention fully considers the torque-slip physical mechanism characteristic of the motor, and has good convergence characteristic and strong robustness;
4) the invention overcomes the defect that the traditional load model can not accurately describe the load frequency characteristic of the asynchronous motor group, improves the reliability of the simulation calculation of the power system and provides powerful guarantee for scientific planning and safe and stable operation of the power system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a motor load model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a geographic wiring diagram of a 220kV substation in the city and west in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an emulation system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of frequency variation for a system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the active power of a 220kV load node in the city in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for constructing a motor load model, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1: establishing a motor load model;
step 2: carrying out accident simulation calculation on the motor load model;
and step 3: frequency characteristic parameters of the motor load model are determined.
In step 1, the motor load model is as follows:
wherein, ω is0Represents the initial rotational speed of the motor, and0＝1-s0，s0representing the rotor initial slip; e'dRepresenting motor direct-axis transient potential, E'qRepresenting motor quadrature axis transient potential; i isdRepresenting the d-axis current of the motor, IqRepresents the q-axis current of the induction motor, and IdAnd IqRespectively expressed as:
wherein, VdRepresenting the direct-axis voltage, V, of the motorqRepresenting motor quadrature-axis voltage, RsDenotes the stator resistance, X' denotes the short-circuit reactance when the rotor is stationary, and
Xsdenotes stator leakage reactance, XrDenotes rotor leakage reactance, XmRepresents an excitation reactance;
x represents open-circuit reactance of rotor, and X ═ Xs+Xm；
T0' represents a rotor loop time constant when the stator is open-circuited, and
ωbrepresents synchronous angular velocity, and ωb＝2πfbase，fbaseRepresenting power frequency, and taking 50 Hz; rrRepresenting the rotor resistance;
TJrepresenting the time constant of inertia, TMRepresenting the mechanical torque, T, of the motorERepresents the motor electromagnetic torque, and TMAnd TERespectively expressed as:
TE＝E′dId+E′qIq(6)
wherein: omegarIs the actual rotational speed of the motor, and ωr1-s, s is the actual slip of the rotor; A. b, C denotes the mechanical torque coefficient of the motor, T0Representing the initial mechanical torque of the motor.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1: determining the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient P of a load nodef；
Step 2-2: dividing the load element into a static load and a dynamic load according to load characteristics;
step 2-3: calculating the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of the static loadDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQ；
Step 2-4: determining the operation mode of the power system during an accident and determining an accident simulation mode;
step 2-5: given the mechanical torque coefficient A, B, C of the motor;
step 2-6: and performing simulation calculation by adopting power system simulation software PSD-BPA or PSASP.
In step 2-1, determining the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient of the load node includes:
let P0The active load initial value of the load node is shown, k is the number of the equipment types contained in the load node, and NiRepresenting the percentage of the active power of the device type i to the active power of the load node, and i is 1. Active power-frequency characteristic coefficient P of device type ifiActive power P representing, then, type i of deviceiExpressed as:
Pi＝Ni×P0(7)
according to formula (7) there are:
wherein, PfRepresenting the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient of the load node.
In the step 2-2, the dynamic load is a motor load, and the dynamic load comprises an air conditioner, a refrigerator and a washing machine;
the static loads are loads other than motor loads, and the dynamic loads include incandescent lamps, water heaters, and televisions.
In the step 2-3, the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of the static load is calculatedDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQThe method comprises the following steps:
let NsiThe active power P of the static load in the equipment type i is the active percentage of the static load in the equipment type iSiComprises the following steps:
PSi＝Ni×NSi×P0(9)
the combined active power P of the static loadSaThe sum of the active power of the static load of each equipment type in the motor load model is as follows:
active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of static loadDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQTo representComprises the following steps:
wherein, PfiCoefficient of active power-frequency characteristic, Q, representing device type ifiAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient representing the equipment type i.
In the steps 2-4, the operation mode of the power system during the accident comprises the operation mode during the accident according to the data recorded by the automatic system, the operation mode is used as the tide stabilizing calculation data for accident simulation, the tide calculation result is basically consistent with the actually-measured tide result, the operation conditions of the generator excitation system, the speed regulation system, the power system stabilizer and other control equipment during the accident are investigated, and the static load frequency factor of the load node is considered in the load model to establish the stabilizing calculation data;
the accident simulation mode comprises the steps of determining accident cutting time and short circuit impedance according to an accident recording curve, and determining how to simulate the disturbances in simulation according to measured data if the disturbances of cutting machine and load shedding occur in the test process.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1: calculating load node active power change percentage K caused by power system frequency change according to power system frequency change and load node active power changepfThe method comprises the following steps:
where Δ f denotes a frequency change amount of the power system, and Δ f ═ f1-f0，f1Indicating that the power system frequency recovers to a stable frequency after an accident, f0Indicating the frequency of the power system at the beginning of the accident;
Δ P represents the loadActive power variation of a node, and Δ P ═ P1-P0，P1Representing the active power of the load node when the frequency of the power system is recovered to be stable after the accident;
step 3-2: comparison KpfActive power-frequency characteristic coefficient P with load nodefIf | Kpf-PfIf the | is more than 0.001, A, B, C is required to be adjusted, and the step 2-6 is returned; otherwise, it indicates that the mechanical torque coefficient A, B, C of the given motor is the frequency parameter of the motor load model.
Examples
By carrying out detailed investigation on 220kV substations in cities and west of Zhejiang, and carrying out statistical analysis and calculation on investigation data of the substations (a wiring diagram is shown in FIG. 2), the types of equipment involved in the 220kV substations in cities and west in a large load mode and the occupied ratio of the types of the equipment can be determined, for example, as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Serial number | Type of load | The ratio of the load type (%) |
| 1 | Industrial large motor | 42.31 |
| 2 | Industrial small motor | 1.21 |
| 3 | Fluorescent lamp with improved luminous efficiency | 12.84 |
| 4 | Sodium lamp | 4.4 |
| 5 | Refrigeration type air conditioner | 5.44 |
| 6 | Water heater | 7.72 |
| 7 | Colour TV set | 7.01 |
| 8 | Refrigerator with a door | 3.99 |
| 9 | Washing machine | 3.49 |
| 10 | Electromagnetic oven | 2.07 |
| 11 | Electric stove | 6.88 |
| 12 | Computer with a memory card | 2.64 |
According to the detailed statistical data of the loads of the urban 220kV transformer substation, the loads in all the equipment types are comprehensively calculated, and the active frequency factor P of the urban transformer load can be obtainedf3.3 percent, and the mechanical torque coefficients of the city and west variable step motor group are respectively as follows: a is 0.69, B is 0, C is 0.31. Finally, a comprehensive load model (SLM) of the urban and western transformer considered distribution network can be obtained as shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
Wherein Tj represents a motor inertia time constant, Rs represents a motor stator resistance, Xs represents a motor stator reactance, Xm represents a motor exciting reactance, Rr represents a motor rotor resistance, Xr represents a motor rotor reactance, R represents a distribution network branch resistance, X represents a distribution network branch reactance, ZP% represents a constant impedance component in a static active load configuration, ZQ% represents a constant impedance component in a static reactive load configuration, IP% represents a constant current component in a static active load configuration, IQ% represents a constant current component in a static reactive load configuration, PP% represents a constant power component in a static active load configuration, and PQ% represents a constant power reactance component in a static reactive load configuration. The same is as follows. The motor load factor is 40%.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the method for constructing the motor load model, the load model parameters currently adopted by 220kV substations in cities and west, the load model parameters generated by adopting the method and an original system (including a 110kV and 35kV distribution network, a reactive compensation and a system of 110kV, 35kV, 10kV and 6kV load nodes in a Hancheng transformer load area, as shown in figure 2) are used for simulation comparison, and the effectiveness of the method for constructing the motor load model is verified and verified.
Referring to fig. 3, a power generating set supplies power to the urban transformer and the Bus 4 through a double-circuit line, wherein the active load of the urban transformer is 167MW, and the active load of the Bus 4 is 40 MW.
Simulation conditions are as follows: when the simulation system runs for 0.1 second, the Bus 4 node increases 40MW active load.
The system of the urban and western 220kV transformer substation 110kV and below, the equivalent SLM model and the east China existing load model shown in FIG. 2 are connected to the load bus shown in FIG. 3 for simulation, and the frequency change curve of the system and the active power curve of the urban and western 220kV load node are obtained and shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. By comparing and analyzing the frequency change curve and the active power curve, the fitting effect of the simulation curve of the SLM model and the detailed system is obviously better than that of the existing load model parameters. Therefore, compared with the current load model parameters, the method can better describe the frequency characteristics of the motor, enables the system characteristics in simulation calculation after the fault to be closer to the real system behavior, improves the reliability of simulation calculation analysis, and provides guarantee for making scientific operation and control schemes for the power system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications or equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments, and such modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for constructing a motor load model is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a motor load model;
step 2: carrying out accident simulation calculation on the motor load model;
and step 3: determining a frequency characteristic parameter of a motor load model;
in step 1, the motor load model is as follows:
wherein, ω is0Represents the initial rotational speed of the motor, and0＝1-s0，s0representing the rotor initial slip; e'dRepresenting motor direct-axis transient potential, E'qRepresenting motor quadrature axis transient potential; i isdRepresenting the d-axis current of the motor, IqRepresents the q-axis current of the induction motor, and IdAnd IqRespectively expressed as:
wherein, VdRepresenting the direct-axis voltage, V, of the motorqRepresenting motor quadrature-axis voltage, RsDenotes the stator resistance, X' denotes the short-circuit reactance when the rotor is stationary, and
Xsdenotes stator leakage reactance, XrDenotes rotor leakage reactance, XmRepresents an excitation reactance;
x represents open-circuit reactance of rotor, and X ═ Xs+Xm；
T0' represents a rotor loop time constant when the stator is open-circuited, and
ωbrepresents synchronous angular velocity, and ωb＝2πfbase，fbaseRepresenting power frequency, and taking 50 Hz; rrRepresenting the rotor resistance;
TJrepresenting the time constant of inertia, TMRepresenting the mechanical torque, T, of the motorERepresents the motor electromagnetic torque, and TMAnd TERespectively expressed as:
TE＝E′dId+E′qIq(6)
wherein: omegarIs the actual rotational speed of the motor, and ωr1-s, s is the actual slip of the rotor; A. b, C denotes the mechanical torque coefficient of the motor, T0Representing an initial mechanical torque of the motor;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1: determining the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient P of a load nodef；
Step 2-2: dividing the load element into a static load and a dynamic load according to load characteristics;
step 2-3: calculating the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of the static loadDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQ；
Step 2-4: determining the operation mode of the power system during an accident and determining an accident simulation mode;
step 2-5: given the mechanical torque coefficient A, B, C of the motor;
step 2-6: adopting power system simulation software PSD-BPA or PSASP to carry out simulation calculation;
in step 2-1, determining the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient of the load node includes:
let P0The active load initial value of the load node is shown, k is the number of the equipment types contained in the load node, and NiRepresenting the percentage of the active power of the device type i to the active power of the load node, and i is 1. Active power-frequency characteristic coefficient P of device type ifiActive power P representing, then, type i of deviceiExpressed as:
Pi＝Ni×P0(7)
according to formula (7) there are:
wherein, PfTo representThe active power-frequency characteristic coefficient of the load node;
in the step 2-3, the active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of the static load is calculatedDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQThe method comprises the following steps:
let NsiThe active power P of the static load in the equipment type i is the active percentage of the static load in the equipment type iSiComprises the following steps:
PSi＝Ni×NSi×P0(9)
the combined active power P of the static loadSaThe sum of the active power of the static load of each equipment type in the motor load model is as follows:
active power-frequency characteristic coefficient L of static loadDPAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient LDQExpressed as:
wherein, PfiCoefficient of active power-frequency characteristic, Q, representing device type ifiAnd a reactive power-frequency characteristic coefficient representing the equipment type i.
2. The method of constructing a motor load model according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2-2, the dynamic load is a motor load, and the dynamic load comprises an air conditioner, a refrigerator and a washing machine;
the static loads are loads other than motor loads, and include incandescent lamps, water heaters, and televisions.
3. The method of constructing a motor load model according to claim 1, wherein: the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1: calculating load node active power change percentage K caused by power system frequency change according to power system frequency change and load node active power changepfThe method comprises the following steps:
where Δ f denotes a frequency change amount of the power system, and Δ f ═ f1-f0，f1Indicating that the power system frequency recovers to a stable frequency after an accident, f0Indicating the frequency of the power system at the beginning of the accident;
Δ P represents an active power variation amount of the load node, and Δ P ═ P1-P0，P1Representing the active power of the load node when the frequency of the power system is recovered to be stable after the accident;
step 3-2: comparison KpfActive power-frequency characteristic coefficient P with load nodefIf | Kpf-PfIf the | is more than 0.001, A, B, C is required to be adjusted, and the step 2-6 is returned; otherwise, it indicates that the mechanical torque coefficient A, B, C of the given motor is the frequency parameter of the motor load model.
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| CN107633110A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-01-26 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of frequency character of load determination method for parameter and device |
| CN108471121B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-09-01 | 国家电网公司华中分部 | Optimization method for solving unstable balance point of induction motor |
| CN108710434B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2021-07-09 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | Touch vibrator and model parameter value solving method thereof |
| CN110515309B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-09-16 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Identification method for tracing source by dynamic simulation verification error of WAMS data power system |
| CN111030093A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for determining air conditioner load frequency characteristic parameters |
| CN113312749B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2024-04-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Power system simulation method and system considering distributed wind driven generator |
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