CN105422768A - Pin-rope type continuously variable transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pin-rope type continuously variable transmission. The pin-rope type continuously variable transmission comprises V-shaped cone pulley assemblies and pin shaft assemblies, wherein a certain number of grooves with certain depth are distributed on the surfaces of driving V-shaped cone pulleys and driven V-shaped cone pulleys according to certain angles, and the two pairs of concentric V-shaped cone pulley assemblies are arranged coaxially; each pin shaft assembly comprises pin shafts, copper bushes, a pin shaft seat, a compression spring, rope pressing pins and joint-free closed ring steel wire ropes; the pin shaft seat is a block-shaped body on which the pin shafts, the copper bushes, the compression spring and the rope pressing pins are arranged; the rope pressing pins are used for pressing and fixing the joint-free closed ring steel wire ropes on the pin shaft seat; the pin shafts and the compression spring cooperate with each other to move; the pin shafts stretch out under the action of the spring thrust, are inserted into the grooves of the V-shaped cone pulley assemblies, bear and transfer torque, and also can retreat from the grooves of the V-shaped cone pulley assemblies under the action of pushing of the V-shaped cone pulley assemblies or under the action of tensile force of the joint-free closed ring steel wire ropes; and the joint-free closed ring steel wire ropes are used for series connection of the pin shaft assemblies, rotate around the driving V-shaped cone pulleys and the driven V-shaped cone pulleys and transfer torque. The pin-rope type continuously variable transmission has the beneficial effects that transmitted torque is relatively large and reliable, the slipping problem of an automatic continuously variable gearbox is solved completely, and the power transmission efficiency of the automatic continuously variable gearbox can be effectively improved.

Description

Pin rope type stepless speed variator

Technical field

The present invention relates to transmission device, be a kind of can the high-efficiency infinite variable speed device of transmitting large torque.

Background technique

Gearbox is divided into by mode of operation: manual transmission and automatic transmission case two kinds.Automatic transmission case is divided into four kinds: hydraulic automatic gearbox (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission case (CVT), electric-controlled mechanical automatic transmission case (AMT) and dual-clutch transmission (DCT).The core of automatic transmission is exactly while transferring power, realize automatic speed changing or gearshift function.

Traditional manual pinion gearbox is that gears meshing realizes transmission of power, by gear size adjustment rotating speed.Its transmission of power is reliable, and transmitting torque is large, overload-resistant and impact resistance good, can meet large, medium and small or superhigh power transmission.Shortcoming: volume weight is large, speed-change process transmission of power is paused, and velocity variations is unexpected, and not smooth, speed ratio is definite value, and variable speed operation is complicated, and automaticity is low.But it is widely used, as: vehicle, engineer equipment and machinery are all in use.

Multi-step automatic gearbox improves on traditional hand gear type speed changer basis, is mechanical, electrical, the liquid integrated automatic transmission combining both advantages of AT (automatically) and MT (manually).Therefore, it had both had automatic speed changing advantage, remained again the strong point that the gear-driven efficiency of former manual transmission is high and simple to operate.

CVT (continuously variable transmission) to be matched incompatible transferring power realize continuously changing of velocity ratio by the driven wheel that intermediary agency's (driving belt, steel chain, fluid etc.) and working diameter are variable, thus reach the optimum Match of transmission system and engine operating condition.Current, CVT (continuously variable transmission) realizes transmission of power by steel band or steel chain with the phase mutual friction on V-type cone pulley surface, and by steel band or steel chain, present position (radius) difference in V-type cone pulley realizes the stepless change of rotating speed.Its small in volume, transmission of power is continuous, does not occur pausing, and speed changes smooth continuously, and automaticity is high.Shortcoming: friction type transmission of power, easily skids, and speed ratio is unstable, and transmitting torque is little, and efficiency is low, overload-resistant and impact resistance is poor, is applicable to small-power transmission.

In real work, people more need gearbox can realize automatic, stepless rotating speed and change in torque.Hydraulic automatic gearbox (AT), electric-controlled mechanical automatic transmission case (AMT) and dual-clutch transmission (DCT) structurally all belong to automatic multi-stage gear formula gearbox.Only have mechanical stepless automatic transmission case (CVT) close to the expectation more of people, but blemish in an otherwise perfect thing is to transmit less moment of torsion, is not suitable for high pulling torque transmission of power.As: be adapted to the equipment such as motorcycle, sedan car.

The performance evaluation of tradition stepless automatic transmission box technology:

Tradition stepless automatic transmission case: there is the optimum Match that can realize with power train and engine operating condition, numerous superior functions such as transmission of power is continuous, and speed changes smooth, and simple to operate and automaticity is high, substantially reach the peak demand of people to gearbox, be popular in users.But characteristics such as its " easily skid, overload-resistant and impact resistance is poor, transmitting torque are little, and efficiency is low " makes its applicability be subject to larger restriction.

For steel-belt type CVT (continuously variable transmission), to its mechanical structure and principle Analysis: the V-type cone pulley smooth surface of stepless speed variator, the both sides also smoother of steel band, its mutual friction factor is very low; The hydraulic jack push-tight pressure that steel band is subject to by tensioning pulling force during self transmitting torque and V-type cone pulley, jointly makes steel band and V-type cone pulley be close to and forms phase mutual friction transferring power.But the tensioning pulling force of steel band and the push-tight pressure of V-type cone pulley all can not be too large.If these two power too conference cause V-type cone pulley to move when difficulty or steel band exit V-type groove to scratch V-type cone pulley surface.Therefore, the push-tight power of hydraulic jack can not be made in engineering design too large, also will consider to cause because transmitting torque is excessive tightening force to increase the problem making transmission duty difficulty.The above factor of comprehensive consideration, the frictional force between Proper Match V-type cone pulley and steel band is the key point of design stepless automatic transmission case.This factor cause just steel chain type or steel-belt type CVT (continuously variable transmission) transmitting torque little, skid, heating and reliability reduce main cause.Particularly when power train and engine system appear at speed or moment of torsion sharply changes, problem is more outstanding.

Therefore, raising stepless automatic transmission case stability and transmission efficiency are the Focal point and difficult point problems of stepless automatic transmission case development.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of pin rope type stepless speed variator, pin rope not easily skids, transmission efficiency is higher, and transmitting torque is much larger than traditional stepless change.

Technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of pin rope type stepless speed variator, it is characterized in that comprising V-type cone pulley assembly and Assembly of pin, wherein initiatively V-type cone pulley and driven V-type cone pulley surface, by the groove of certain angle, distribution some and certain depth, form four two pairs concentric V-type cone pulley assemblies on coaxial; Assembly of pin is made up of bearing pin, copper sheathing, axis pin base, Compress Spring, pressure rope pin and non-joint closed loop wire rope, axis pin base is the blocks installing bearing pin, copper sheathing, Compress Spring and pressure rope pin, and pressure rope pin is for compressing and non-joint closed loop wire rope being fixed on axis pin base; Bearing pin and Compress Spring cooperatively interact action, bearing pin stretches out under the effect of spring thrust, and inserting in the groove of V-type cone pulley assembly, carrying transmitting torque, also or can exit the groove of V-type cone pulley assembly under the promotion of V-type cone pulley assembly under the pulling force effect of non-joint closed loop wire rope; Non-joint closed loop wire rope, for being connected in series Assembly of pin and rotating around active and driven V-type cone pulley, transmitting torque.

Bearing pin wherein in Assembly of pin can be meshed in any radius with the groove of V-type cone pulley assembly, wedging between a pair V-type cone pulley assembly simultaneously, produces frictional force and engaging force simultaneously, and transmission of power is reliable, improves the ability of speed changer transmitting torque.

Wherein V-type cone pulley assembly can axially move the spacing changing V-type cone pulley assembly under the effect of hydraulic jack and Compress Spring, meets Assembly of pin and freely works in the middle of its V-type cone pulley assembly.

Wherein non-joint closed loop rope capacity is consistent and have many.

Beneficial effect of the present invention

The present invention relies on non-joint closed loop wire rope to be connected in series and fixed pin shaft assembly, the bearing pin in Assembly of pin is inserted in the groove of V-type cone pulley, namely forms reliable mesh form transferring power with the groove of V-type cone pulley.Its transmitting torque is larger more reliable, thoroughly solves the slippage problems of stepless automatic transmission case, effectively can improve stepless automatic transmission case power transmission efficiency.

From structure, the present invention is optimized and is improved on the architecture basics of traditional stepless speed variator, fundamentally solves the problem that traditional stepless speed variator " easily skids; overload-resistant and impact resistance is poor; transmitting torque is little, and efficiency is low ", more suits people's actual demand.

As seen from the above table:

1, from stepless automatic transmission characteristic angle, the present invention is except realizing this basic demand of stepless change, and the more important thing is that pin rope not easily skids, transmission efficiency is higher, transmitting torque is also much larger than traditional stepless change.Therefore, the present invention is more suitable for the stepless change of large vehicle, equipment etc.

2, reliability is higher.Because traditional stepless change carrys out transferring power by pure friction, require higher to the processing technology on steel disc and cone pulley surface, the frictional force once institute's transmitting torque (or load) oversteps the extreme limit, then steel band skids, and transmits and loses efficacy.And for the present invention, as long as ensure bearing pin intensity in contiguous block assembly, then can transmit enough large moment of torsion, therefore reliability is also relatively high.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is general assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is Assembly of pin schematic diagram.

Drawing reference numeral: 1-initiatively V-type cone pulley, 2-driven V-type cone pulley, 3-groove, 4-output shaft, 5-input shaft, 6-bearing pin, 7-copper sheathing, 8-axis pin base, 9-Compress Spring, 10-pressure rope pin, 11-non-joint closed loop wire rope

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technological scheme of the present invention is described in detail

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, initiatively grooved cone pulley 1 is connected with motor and power train respectively with driven grooved cone pulley 2, and its surface, by the groove 3 of certain angle, distribution some and certain depth, forms concentric V-type cone pulley assembly on coaxial; Assembly of pin: be made up of bearing pin 6, copper sheathing 7, axis pin base 8, Compress Spring 9, pressure rope pin 10, axis pin base 8 is the blocks installing bearing pin 6, copper sheathing 7, Compress Spring 9 and pressure rope pin 10, and pressure rope pin 10 is for compressing and non-joint closed loop wire rope 11 being fixed on axis pin base 8; Bearing pin 6 and Compress Spring 9 cooperatively interact action, bearing pin 6 stretches out under the effect of spring thrust, and inserting in the groove 3 of V-type cone pulley assembly, carrying transmitting torque, also or can exit the groove 3 of V-type cone pulley assembly under the promotion of V-type cone pulley assembly under the pulling force effect of non-joint closed loop wire rope 11;

Many and the consistent non-joint closed loop wire rope 11 of length, for being connected in series Assembly of pin and around initiatively and the rotation of driven V-type cone pulley, transmitting torque.

First power is input to initiatively V-type cone pulley 1 from input shaft 5, its surface contacts with Assembly of pin, and the bearing pin 6 of part Assembly of pin inserts in the groove 3 of initiatively V-type cone pulley 1, produce frictional force and engaging force, same driven V-type cone pulley 2 also with bearing pin 6 surface contact of Assembly of pin, and part bearing pin 6 inserts in the groove 3 of driven V-type cone pulley 2, also produce frictional force and engaging force.By the dragging of Assembly of pin between active V-type cone pulley 1 and driven V-type cone pulley 2, transmission of power, to driven V-type cone pulley 2, is finally exported by output shaft 4.

Power transmission line (conclusion):

Input shaft 5 → initiatively V-type cone pulley 1 → bearing pin 6 → non-joint closed loop wire rope 11 → driven V-type cone pulley 2 → output shaft 4

Assembly of pin can be meshed in any radius with driving and driven V-type cone pulley, wedging between a pair V-type cone pulley simultaneously, and the feature of therefore transmission is not only by friction but also by engagement, thus transmission of power is reliable, improves the ability of speed changer transmitting torque.

On the other hand, the change of this speed, transmission is that the different radius relying on non-joint closed loop wire rope 11 to be in V-type cone pulley obtains.By the effect of hydraulic control system, when active V-type cone pulley 1 is separated, driven V-type cone pulley 2 is adjacent to each other, and at this moment the radius of clean-up of Assembly of pin on active V-type cone pulley 1 reduces and the radius of clean-up on driven V-type cone pulley 2 increases, and output shaft 4 rotating speed then steadily reduces; Otherwise output shaft 4 rotating speed steadily increases, so the rotating speed of output shaft 4 is determined by the engagement diameter ratio of driving and driven V-type cone pulley and Assembly of pin.

Hydraulic control system is made up of jointly oil pressure sensor, speed probe, torque sensor, position transducer, electronic control valve and control CPU, gather the data-signals such as oil pressure, rotating speed and moment of torsion respectively and pass to control CPU, oil pressure and control valve is regulated voluntarily by control CPU, realize the positioning control to active and driven V-type cone pulley position degree, finally reach the effect of automatic stepless speed change.

Stand test and test:

1, normative reference, standard:

QC/T568-1999 automotive mechanical transmission stand test test method, QC/T29063-1992 automotive mechanical transmission assembly technical specifications, GB443-1989 machinery oil (L-AN total loss system oil).

2, content of the test:

1) test conditions:

During test, adopt the rotating speed of adjustable bow curved roll speed motor simulated engine, and then the method for the speed of operation of simulated automotive.In addition, loading section adopts electric power feedback control to regulate the size of loading torque, with the throttle opening of simulated engine, thus forms different gear shift operating modes; And under different operating modes, the pressure of each hydrovalve and solenoid valve is measured, to judge that whether its working condition normal.

The moment of torsion of the moment of torsion that the control of moment of torsion is measured by the torque rotary speed sensor being arranged on input end and default compares, and automatically regulates feedback current to reach the object of control torque by electric power feedback control.

2) test needs measurement parameter:

3) test procedure:

4) test data (when input speed n1 is 1000r/min each parameter value)

A: load performance test data:

When input torque is 750Nm, the mean value of output torque:

${\stackrel{\‾}{T}}_1=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\Σ}}{T}_i}{K}=711N\·m$

Mechanical efficiency ${\mathrm{\η}}_1=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{T_1}}{T1}=94.8\%$

When input torque is 1125Nm, the mean value of output torque:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_2}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\Σ}}{T}_i}{K}=1053N\·m$

Mechanical efficiency ${\mathrm{\η}}_2=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{T_2}}{T1}=93.6\%$

When input torque is 1500Nm, the mean value of output torque:

${\stackrel{\‾}{T}}_3=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\Σ}}{T}_i}{K}=1\mathrm{416}N\·m$

Mechanical efficiency ${\mathrm{\η}}_3=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{T_3}}{T1}=94.4\%$

B: overload performance test data:

${\stackrel{\‾}{T}}_4=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\Σ}}{T}_i}{K}=\mathrm{1687}\mathrm{.05}N\·m$

Mechanical efficiency ${\mathrm{\η}}_4=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{T_4}}{T1}=93.7\%$

Drawn by above test data, about mechanical transmission efficiency eta=94% of the present invention (traditional stepless speed variator is 92%), and under the enough condition of bearing pin intensity in Assembly of pin, its transmitting torque, than traditional stepless speed variator larger (traditional stepless speed variator maximum delivered moment of torsion is 300Nm), transmits more reliable.

Part verify calculation:

1) input shaft verification:

Input shaft material selection 40Cr, [τ]=50MPa in the present invention, its input torque T=1500Nm

$d\≥\sqrt[3]{\frac{T}{0.2\[\mathrm{\τ}\]}}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{1500}{0.2\×50\×{10}^6}}m=53mm$

2) bearing pin verification in Assembly of pin

In the present invention, because it mainly leans on the engaging force between the bearing pin of Assembly of pin and the groove on cone pulley surface to carry out transferring power, therefore, only need ensure the intensity of bearing pin.

Bearing pin material selection 40Cr in the present invention, [τ]=50MPa, known input shaft input torque T=1500Nm, suppose to only have a pin=axle to be meshed with the groove on cone pulley surface, then when seamless closed loop steel wire rope component is in when minimum position (r=60mm), stressed maximum, now shearing force suffered by bearing pin

$F=\frac{T}{r}=25000N$

Then bearing pin minimum sectional area is

$A=\frac{F}{\[\mathrm{\τ}\]}=\frac{25000}{50\×{10}^6}=5\×{10}^{-4}{m}^2$

Draw bearing pin minimum diameter thus

$d\≥\sqrt{\frac{4\×5\×{10}^{-4}}{3.14}}m=2.52\×{10}^{-2}m=25.2mm$

If there is two or more bearing pin to participate in engagement during design simultaneously, then pin diameter can proportional corresponding reduction.

3) non-joint closed loop lineoutofservice signal pull

In the present invention, the largest circumference power F=T/r=25000N that non-joint closed loop steel wire rope component will be transmitted, if its tight side tension is F ₁, slack list pulling force is F ₂, initial tension is F ₀, then

F ₁+F ₂＝2F ₀F＝F ₁-F ₂

Ignore the impact of centrifugal force, represent can obtain by Euler's formula:

$F=2F_0(1-\frac{2}{e^{f_v\mathrm{\α}}+1})$

Wherein, the end (e=2.718) of e---natural logarithm;

F _v---the equivalent coefficient of friction between non-joint closed loop steel wire rope component and cone pulley;

Equivalent coefficient of friction f _v=f/sin (ψ/2)=0.39 (wherein f=0.1, ψ=30 °)

α---cornerite (α=138 °)

Initial tension F can be calculated thus ₀=28555.85N

Then non-joint closed loop steel wire rope component:

Tight side tension F ₁=41055.85N slack list tensile force f ₂=16055.85N.

Claims (4)

1. a pin rope type stepless speed variator, it is characterized in that comprising V-type cone pulley assembly and Assembly of pin, wherein initiatively V-type cone pulley (1) and driven V-type cone pulley (2) surface, by the groove (3) of certain angle, distribution some and certain depth, form four two pairs concentric V-type cone pulley assemblies on coaxial;

Assembly of pin is made up of bearing pin (6), copper sheathing (7), axis pin base (8), Compress Spring (9), pressure rope pin (10) and non-joint closed loop wire rope (11), axis pin base (8) is the blocks installing bearing pin (6), copper sheathing (7), Compress Spring (9) and pressure rope pin (10), and pressure rope pin (10) is for compressing and non-joint closed loop wire rope (11) being fixed on axis pin base (8); Bearing pin (6) and Compress Spring (9) cooperatively interact action, bearing pin (6) stretches out under the effect of spring thrust, and insert in the groove (3) of V-type cone pulley assembly, carrying transmitting torque, also or can exit the groove (3) of V-type cone pulley assembly under the promotion of V-type cone pulley assembly under the pulling force effect of non-joint closed loop wire rope (11); Non-joint closed loop wire rope (11), for being connected in series Assembly of pin and rotating around active and driven V-type cone pulley, transmitting torque.

2. pin rope type stepless speed variator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the bearing pin (6) in Assembly of pin can be meshed in any radius with the groove (3) of V-type cone pulley assembly, wedging between a pair V-type cone pulley assembly simultaneously, produce frictional force and engaging force simultaneously, transmission of power is reliable, improves the ability of speed changer transmitting torque.

3. pin rope type stepless speed variator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that V-type cone pulley assembly can axially move to change the spacing of V-type cone pulley assembly under the effect of hydraulic jack and Compress Spring (9), meet Assembly of pin and freely work in the middle of its V-type cone pulley assembly.

4. pin rope type stepless speed variator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that non-joint closed loop wire rope (11) length is consistent and has many.