CN105414740A - Solid-phase diffusion bonding method for integrated expanded jointing and welding of tube sheet structure - Google Patents
Solid-phase diffusion bonding method for integrated expanded jointing and welding of tube sheet structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105414740A CN105414740A CN201511029233.5A CN201511029233A CN105414740A CN 105414740 A CN105414740 A CN 105414740A CN 201511029233 A CN201511029233 A CN 201511029233A CN 105414740 A CN105414740 A CN 105414740A
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- tube
- pipe
- friction head
- tube sheet
- tube plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid-phase diffusion bonding method for integrated expanded jointing and welding of a tube sheet structure, and aims to solve the problems that a high-temperature joint loosens and crevice corrosion occurs when a tube and a tube plate of a heat exchanger are connected according to an expanded jointing method, a fusion welding method as well as a method integrating the expanded jointing method and the fusion welding method. The solid-phase diffusion bonding method comprises the following steps; (1) surface oxidation films on materials in to-be-welded areas of the tube and the tube plate are removed by polishing at first, and then the surfaces of the tube and the tube plate are scrubbed by adopting an organic solvent or a cleaning agent; (2) when the tube and the tube plate are clamped together, the interval between the outer wall of the tube and an inner hole in the tube plate is e, and the length of the upper end, extending out of the upper end surface of the tube plate, of the tube is k; (3) a high-speed rotating friction head is inserted into an inner hole in the tube at a certain press-in speed, so that the tube is subjected to friction between the friction head and the tube plate, heat is generated due to the friction, and then the tube gradually reaches a thermoplastic state when being deformed to generate heat; when a shaft shoulder of the friction head is pressed in the upper surface of the tube plate at a depth of t, the friction head keeps rotating at a high speed and remains for 5 seconds, and then is lifted at a constant speed, so as to realize atomic diffusion between the tube plate and the tube as well as metallurgical bonding. The solid-phase diffusion bonding method is applicable to tube plate welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of friction welding method, be specifically related to one and utilize frictional heat for thermal source, realize the diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration.
Background technology
Tube plate structure is current most widely used heat exchanger form, after being connected by exchanger tubes and tubesheets, just as device, can realize the function of heat exchange.Heat exchanger occupies critical role in many industrial production such as chemical industry, oil, food, is widely used.Tube plate structure is a kind of integrated structure common in heat exchanger, normal employing expanded joint, welding with expanded and welded tube joint and with mode be connected, due to pipe orifice joint bear axial load that pressure reduction produces pipe for a long time, repeatedly repeatedly cool, heat, the effect such as high pressure and dielectric corrosion fatigue rupture, mouth of pipe weldquality is particularly important, particularly mechanical property and sealing.If there is the defect such as crackle, pore in weld seam, under the effect of alternate stress, easily cause Defect expanding, so that leak.Expanded joint relies on the plastic deformation of pipe to reach sealing and mechanical connection, at high temperature creep release residual stress, and the rigidity of material is declined, and thermal expansion stress increases, and causes joint to occur lax, even comes off.The method of molten solder can ensure the sealing that junction is certain and intensity, but commissure exists stress concentrates, and there is gap between tube hydroforming, easily produces gap (stress) corrosion in corrosive medium.Expanded and welded tube joint with being the method generally used at present, object is to fully utilize expanded joint and the respective advantage of welding, not only proof strength but also can eliminate crevice corrosion.In actual production, the first postwelding of general employing is swollen or the order of first swollen rear weldering, so connection procedure can be made complicated, between tube-to-tube sheet connection, the factors such as coupling, expand tube pressure, welding material, welding parameter of material all can have an impact to quality of connection, particularly for the molten solder of pipe-pipe sheet foreign material, very easily crack, stress concentrate etc. shortcoming, finally cause production efficiency to reduce, cost increase.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be solve utilize expanded joint, high temperature joint that the method for melting welding and combination thereof occurs when realizing being connected between heat exchanger tube with tube sheet is lax, crevice corrosion, complex manufacturing, high in cost of production problem, provides the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration.
The diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint of the present invention integration is realized by following steps:
Step one, preweld cleaning: first treat welding zone material surface oxide-film by mechanical grinding removing pipe and tube sheet, then adopt the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping pipe and tube sheet, wipe oil and metallic dust;
Being installed of step 2, tube-to-tube sheet connection: gap when being installed between tube outer wall and tube sheet endoporus is e, the length that tube sheet upper surface is stretched out in the upper end of pipe is k;
Step 3, friction welding: high speed rotary grinding head penetrates in the endoporus of pipe with certain press-in speed, make pipe frictional heat between friction head and pipe, and pipe deformation heat production reaches hot plastic state gradually; As the shaft shoulder press-in tube sheet upper surface degree of depth t of friction head, friction head keeps High Rotation Speed and stops 1s ~ 10s, at the uniform velocity mentioned by friction head afterwards, atoms permeating between tube sheet and pipe also forms metallurgical binding, thus obtains the heat exchanger tube of the diffusion welding of integration.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
One, the present invention is the diffusion welding method formed under frictional heat between a kind of friction head by on-consumable and tube wall and the strong deformation heat production acting in conjunction of pipe wall material under the pin that rubs rotarily drives.
Two, the diameter of phi 1 of friction pin is greater than the internal diameter a of pipe, and when the pinprick that rubs enters ips, friction pin outwards extrudes pipe, reaches the object of expanded joint; Meanwhile, frictional heat and deformation induced by force under, atom rapid diffusion, forms Diffusion Bonded Joint between tube outer wall and tube sheet inwall.
Three, pipe end extension elongation k with form metallurgical connection and the coefficient region f of mechanical engagement in friction head shaft shoulder interaction process, as shown in Figure 3, both ensure that joint tighness also enhanced joint mechanical property.
Four, the inventive method can be applicable to the tube plate structure of most non-ferrous metal and steel, is not only applicable to the situation that pipe-pipe sheet is same material, also can be used for copper/steel, aluminium/steel, the connection of the foreign materials such as titanium/steel.
Five, the inventive method is solid diffusivity, without melting phenomenon, can avoid the crackle in melting welding, pore, slag inclusion, stress concentrate etc. problem.
Six, the expanded and welded tube joint integration that the inventive method can realize Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger plate structure completes simultaneously, and operation is simple, and production efficiency is high, and without the need to adding material and protection gas etc., cost is low.
Seven, the goods and materials that the inventive method is pernicious to people without arc light, flue dust etc. produce, and are a kind of green, high-quality, efficient new methods.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the inventive method step 2;
Fig. 2 is that in the inventive method step 3, friction head 3 reaches the schematic diagram of hot plastic state with pipe 1 frictional heat;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the shaft shoulder 3-1 press-in tube sheet 2 upper surface degree of depth t of friction head 3 in the inventive method step 3;
Fig. 4 is by schematic diagram that friction head 3 is at the uniform velocity mentioned in the inventive method step 3.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the heat exchanger tube obtaining integrated diffusion welding in the inventive method step 3.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 5 illustrates present embodiment, and present embodiment is realized by following steps:
Step one, preweld cleaning: first treat welding zone material surface oxide-film by mechanical grinding removing pipe 1 and tube sheet 2, then adopt the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping pipe 1 and tube sheet 2, wipe oil and metallic dust;
Being installed of step 2, pipe 1 and tube sheet 2: gap when being installed between pipe 1 outer wall and tube sheet 2 endoporus is e, the length that tube sheet 2 upper surface is stretched out in the upper end of pipe 1 is k, sees Fig. 1;
Step 3, friction welding: high speed rotary grinding head 3 penetrates in the endoporus of pipe 1 with certain press-in speed, make pipe 1 frictional heat between friction head 3 and pipe 1, and pipe 1 deformation heat production reaches hot plastic state gradually, sees Fig. 2; When the shaft shoulder 3-1 of friction head 3 is pressed into tube sheet 2 upper surface degree of depth t, see Fig. 3, friction head 3 keeps High Rotation Speed and stops 1s ~ 10s, afterwards friction head 3 is at the uniform velocity mentioned, see Fig. 4, atoms permeating between tube sheet 2 and pipe 1 also forms metallurgical binding, thus obtains the heat exchanger tube of the diffusion welding of integration, sees Fig. 5.
Detailed description of the invention two: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that in step one, organic solvent is alcohol or acetone.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the gap e in step 2 between pipe 1 outer wall and tube sheet 2 endoporus is 0.05mm ~ 0.25mm.The numerical value of gap e is chosen according to selected materials and performance.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one or two.
Detailed description of the invention four: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the length k that tube sheet 2 upper surface is stretched out in the upper end of pipe 1 in step 2 is 0 ~ 2mm.The numerical value of length k is chosen according to selected materials and performance.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention three.
Detailed description of the invention five: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 4 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the material of friction head 3 in step 3 is pottery or carbide alloy.Other step and detailed description of the invention one, two or four identical.
Detailed description of the invention six: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment is the friction pin 3-2 of friction head 3 in step 3 is without threaded circular mesa structure, its length L span is 5mm ~ 25mm, and cone angle is 2 ° ~ 10 °, and friction pin 3-2 diameter of phi 1 is 5mm ~ 32mm; The shaft shoulder 3-1 diameter of phi 2 of friction head 3 is 10mm ~ 50mm, and in the shaft shoulder, re-entrant angle β is 3 ° ~ 10 °.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention five.
Detailed description of the invention seven: composition graphs 3 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment be in step 3 when tube sheet 2 with pipe 1 for homogeneous material time, as steel/steel, aluminium/aluminium, titanium/titanium, copper/copper etc., owing to there is not the generation of intermetallic compound, select stronger welding parameter: the rotating speed of friction head 3 is 600r/min ~ 6000r/min, press-in speed is 1mm/s ~ 5mm/s, the compression distance t of shaft shoulder 3-1 is 0 ~ 0.05mm, and friction head 3 time of staying is 2s ~ 8s.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention five.
Detailed description of the invention eight: composition graphs 3 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment be in step 3 when tube sheet 2 with pipe 1 for homogeneous material time, as steel/steel, aluminium/aluminium, titanium/titanium, copper/copper etc., owing to there is not the generation of intermetallic compound, select stronger welding parameter: the rotating speed of friction head 3 is 2000r/min, press-in speed is 2.5mm/s, the compression distance t of shaft shoulder 3-1 is 0.025mm, and friction head 3 time of staying is 5s.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention seven.
Detailed description of the invention nine: composition graphs 3 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment be in step 3 when tube sheet 2 with pipe 1 for foreign material time, as copper/steel, aluminium/steel, titanium/steel etc., for reducing the generation of intermetallic compound, select more weak welding parameter: friction head 3 rotating speed 500r/min ~ 3000r/min, press-in speed is 1mm/s ~ 5mm/s, and the compression distance t of shaft shoulder 3-1 is 0 ~ 0.05mm, and friction head 3 time of staying is 2s ~ 8s.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention five.
Detailed description of the invention ten: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 3 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment be in step 3 when tube sheet 2 with pipe 1 for foreign material time, as copper/steel, aluminium/steel, titanium/steel etc., for reducing the generation of intermetallic compound, select more weak welding parameter: friction head 3 rotating speed 2000r/min, press-in speed is 2.5mm/s, and the compression distance t of shaft shoulder 3-1 is 0.025mm, and friction head 3 time of staying is 5s.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention nine.
Claims (10)
1. a diffusion welding method for tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration, is characterized in that: described method is realized by following steps:
Step one, preweld cleaning: first remove pipe (1) by mechanical grinding and welding zone material surface oxide-film treated by tube sheet (2), adopt the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping pipe (1) and tube sheet (2) again, wipe oil and metallic dust;
Step 2, being installed of pipe (1) and tube sheet (2): gap when being installed between pipe (1) outer wall and tube sheet (2) endoporus is e, the length that tube sheet (2) upper surface is stretched out in the upper end of pipe (1) is k;
Step 3, friction welding: high speed rotary grinding head (3) penetrates with certain press-in speed in the endoporus of pipe (1), make pipe (1) frictional heat between friction head (3) and pipe (1), pipe (1) deformation heat production reaches hot plastic state gradually; When the shaft shoulder (3-1) of friction head (3) is pressed into tube sheet (2) upper surface degree of depth t, friction head (3) keeps High Rotation Speed and stops 1s ~ 10s, afterwards friction head (3) is at the uniform velocity mentioned, atoms permeating between tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) also forms metallurgical binding, thus obtains the heat exchanger tube of the diffusion welding of integration.
2. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 1 integration, is characterized in that: in described step one, organic solvent is alcohol or acetone.
3. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 1 and 2 integration, is characterized in that: the gap e in described step 2 between pipe (1) outer wall and tube sheet (2) endoporus is 0.05mm ~ 0.25mm.
4. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 3 integration, is characterized in that: in described step 2, the length k of tube sheet (2) upper surface is stretched out in the upper end of pipe (1) is 0 ~ 2mm.
5. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 1,2 or 4, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: in described step 3, the material of friction head (3) is pottery or carbide alloy.
6. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 5 integration, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, the friction pin (3-2) of friction head (3) is without threaded circular mesa structure, its length L span is 5mm ~ 25mm, cone angle is 2 ° ~ 10 °, and friction pin (3-2) diameter of phi 1 is 5mm ~ 32mm; The shaft shoulder (3-1) diameter of phi 2 of friction head (3) is 10mm ~ 50mm, and in the shaft shoulder, re-entrant angle β is 3 ° ~ 10 °.
7. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 5 integration, it is characterized in that: in described step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are for homogeneous material, select stronger welding parameter: the rotating speed of friction head (3) is 600r/min ~ 6000r/min, press-in speed is 1mm/s ~ 5mm/s, the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0 ~ 0.05mm, and friction head (3) time of staying is 2s ~ 8s.
8. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 7 integration, it is characterized in that: in described step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are for homogeneous material, select stronger welding parameter: the rotating speed of friction head (3) is 2000r/min, press-in speed is 2.5mm/s, the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0.025mm, and friction head (3) time of staying is 5s.
9. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 5 integration, it is characterized in that: in described step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are for foreign material, select more weak welding parameter: friction head (3) rotating speed 500r/min ~ 3000r/min, press-in speed is 1mm/s ~ 5mm/s, the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0 ~ 0.05mm, and friction head (3) time of staying is 2s ~ 8s.
10. the diffusion welding method of a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint according to claim 9 integration, it is characterized in that: in described step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are for foreign material, select more weak welding parameter: friction head (3) rotating speed 2000r/min, press-in speed is 2.5mm/s, the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0.025mm, and friction head (3) time of staying is 5s.
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| CN201511029233.5A CN105414740B (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2015-12-30 | A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration |
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| CN201511029233.5A CN105414740B (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2015-12-30 | A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration |
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| CN105414740B CN105414740B (en) | 2017-11-03 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107096991A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-29 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of aluminum bronze multiple tube |
| CN107225318A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | The diffusion welding method of metal telescoping pieces |
| CN107457478A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-12 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of compound solid phase diffusion connection method of groove milling wall panel structure expanded and welded tube joint |
| CN110595103A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-20 | 远大空调有限公司 | High-temperature generator tube plate structure for lithium bromide cold-warm water unit |
| CN117415441A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-01-19 | 江苏金诺化工装备有限公司 | Welding head, welding device and welding process for heat exchanger end plate and heat transfer tube |
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| CN107457478A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-12 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of compound solid phase diffusion connection method of groove milling wall panel structure expanded and welded tube joint |
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| CN117415441B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-03-05 | 江苏金诺化工装备有限公司 | Welding head, welding device and welding process for heat exchanger end plate and heat transfer tube |
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