CN105406095B - A kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system - Google Patents
A kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105406095B CN105406095B CN201510989410.8A CN201510989410A CN105406095B CN 105406095 B CN105406095 B CN 105406095B CN 201510989410 A CN201510989410 A CN 201510989410A CN 105406095 B CN105406095 B CN 105406095B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system, comprise the following steps：Parking toll and startup are controlled.The present invention is in parking toll, fuel cell is maintained to be in larger reaction gas supply, purging can be played a part of, remove the remaining aqueous water of fuel battery inside, and maintain fuel cell to be in relatively low interval load electric current simultaneously, interval moisturizing can be carried out to the PEM of fuel cell again, prevent it from the excessive situation of PEM dehydration occur.The present invention is in fuel cell start-up, fuel cell utilizes autoreactivity exotherm, heated without extra supplementary energy, and carrying out loading startup using the initial conditions and current density corresponding with parking last handling process, it is ensured that the cold-starting process of fuel cell system can successful implementation.The present invention can control fuel cell to be in appropriate state after stopping at low ambient temperatures, and can be quickly again started up with the state at low ambient temperatures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technical field, a kind of achievable cold-starting is more particularly related to
The control method of fuel cell system
Background technology
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (calling fuel cell in the following text) with hydrogen, air (or oxygen) be reaction raw materials, external
Product water is generated during energy supply, and discharges heat.As efficient, clean energy conversion apparatus, fuel cells applications in
Power train in vehicle application system is, it is necessary to meet the application requirement for adapting to low temperature environment.Fuel cell generates product water in the process of running, and
And, its PEM needs to ensure certain water content, to realize its internal proton conductive process.Therefore, fuel cell
Under low temperature (be less than 0 DEG C) environment using when, stop and be faced with when being again started up how water and such as inside treatment of battery
What obtains the problem of heat realizes heating.
At present, the Patents on fuel cell cold-starting are mainly controlled to start-up course, to docking process
Rare description.Such as, Chinese patent CN 100527510C offers are a kind of uses additional dc power supply to realize the fuel of cold-starting
Cell apparatus and method, the heating of battery, Chinese patent CN are realized in cold-starting using additional dc power supply
102386430 B provide a kind of fuel cell system for being related to three groups of electrical heating wires and two groups of water pumps etc. and cold-starting side
Method, by controlling the flow of recirculated water and the method for heating to realize the cold-starting of system, the U of Chinese patent CN 202712345
Then provide a kind of fuel cell system containing air heating wire structure, the cold-starting for realizing battery, above-mentioned patent
Implementation method to cold-starting process is described in detail and illustrated, only CN 100527510C and CN
202712345 U are when providing a kind of fuel-cell device of cold-starting and method, and briefly touch upon needs after system shutdown
Fuel battery negative pole and anode flow field are purged using air or nitrogen, to remove inside battery residual water.
Low-temperature startup device and method that above-mentioned patent is provided, are the presence of accessory power supply or heater block
The cold-starting of lower realization, the shortcoming of the above method is the part for adding assistant starting, also increases fuel cell system
Complexity, while additional power supply and heater block also increases auxiliary of the fuel cell system during cold-starting
Energy expenditure, i.e.,：The method of offer and starting from what heat release was realized without assisted cryogenic for non-used pile, and method lacks
Control to the last handling process after parking.It is important to note that battery needs to realize opening certainly for no auxiliary at low ambient temperatures
It is dynamic, the control method of designing fuel cell system and start-up course is not only needed, it is treated that the last time before its startup stops
Journey is also most important, in the method that above-mentioned patent is provided, and does not provide corresponding low temperature parking method, and in practical application mistake
Cheng Zhong, the control method for stopping of lack of targeted, the low temperature environment after parking easily causes the membrane electrode of battery to damage, and causes low
Startup temperature can not be realized.
The content of the invention
To solve the above mentioned problem that prior art is present, the present invention will design a kind of cold-starting control of fuel cell system
Method processed, i.e.,：A kind of self-stopping n at low ambient temperatures to start-up course next time control method, it is adaptable to fuel cell system
Parking at low ambient temperatures and it is again started up.
The present invention also aims to fuel cell system at low ambient temperatures without assistant starting, i.e., without extra power
Or heat, the heat only reacted by fuel cell realizes the rise of its temperature.
The present invention includes fuel cell system realization and starts corresponding quick parking process method and quick without assisted cryogenic
Start control method.
Fuel cell system at low ambient temperatures without auxiliary self-starting process, the condition that need to be met is：Fuel cell is certainly
Body reaction can release enough heats (considering the heat leakage to environment), make the cooling of fuel cell itself and its circulatory system
Liquid temperature degree is increased to more than 0 DEG C.And be that fuel cell can be run when ensureing to start, it need to ensure that fuel cell initially has in startup
Appropriate state, it is not it is critical that the gas delivery passage of fuel battery inside is blocked, and PEM contains in right amount
Water can guarantee that proton transport.Therefore, the parking last handling process of fuel cell system is most important at low ambient temperatures, and it is closed
Key is that the processing for cell liquid water is appropriate, should remove the aqueous water participated in inside battery, prevent water knot
Ice blocks the reaction gas transmission channel of flow field and gas diffusion layers, moreover it is possible to ensure that fuel cell endoplasm proton exchange has suitably
Water content, the PEM of fuel cell has appropriate proton conductivity during ensureing to be again started up, i.e.,：Fuel cell
System shutdown post processing will be accomplished to the controllable of inside battery water, be at the appropriate state that can be again started up.
For fuel cell system, the fuel cell pile that the fuel cell generally used assembles for more piece list pond,
After low temperature environment parking, a certain amount of gas is used to be purged to remove aqueous water as conventional low temperature parking process method.
However, for fuel cell pile, because joint number is more (usually more than 100 sections), it is difficult to ensure that the single pond of each section in purge
In identical saturation state, the dry and wet difference in diverse location list pond is easily caused, the single pond in part occur still aqueous water residual
And the state of single its PEM of the pond dehydration in part, so as to cause to be again started up being normally carried out.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows：A kind of cold-starting control of fuel cell system
Method, comprises the following steps：
A, parking toll
When fuel cell system stops, by the way of high reaction gas supply, low current interval load, to fuel cell
Interior liquid water is handled, and is comprised the following steps that：
According to current density isp0The reaction gas flow speed of given fuel cell, and according to current density isp1Batch (-type) is carried out to add
Carry, at the same when detecting loading fuel cell pile single battery magnitude of voltage, when in loading procedure, single-unit in fuel cell pile
When battery average voltage is in 0.50-0.65V, fuel cell parking process is completed；Described current density isp0For 200-
500mA/cm2, current density isp1For 50-150mA/cm2；
B, startup control
According to current density ist0The reaction gas flow speed of given fuel cell, according to ist1Start to add as initial current density
Carry, and be progressively loaded onto current density ist0, fuel cell is then maintained in current density ist0Operation, and coolant is opened in pulse
Circulation, when in coolant circulation opening process, detection fuel cell pile coolant is cycling in and out mouthful temperature and rises to 0 DEG C
During the above, fuel cell terminates from the heat engine process that heats up, and fuel cell can enter normal boot-strap process；
Described current density ist0For 200-500mA/cm2, current density ist1For 50-150mA/cm2。
Batch (-type) loading of the present invention, its cycle load time ti onFor 5-60s, its discharge time cycle ti offFor
5-60s；Coolant circulation, its cycle opening time t are opened in described pulsec onFor 1-5s interval ranges, week its shut-in time
Phase tc offFor 5-20s.
Current density i of the present inventionst1≤ current density isp1, current density ist0>=current density isp0。
Reaction gas of the present invention is hydrogen or air.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, the present invention maintains fuel cell to be in larger reaction gas supply, can play purging in parking toll
Effect, remove the remaining aqueous water of fuel battery inside, and maintain fuel cell to be in relatively low interval load electric current simultaneously,
Interval moisturizing can be carried out to the PEM of fuel cell again, prevent it from the excessive situation of PEM dehydration occur.
2nd, the result after fuel cell of the invention parking can be carried out by each section fuel battery voltage after loading
Judge, in the case of relatively low loading current density and larger reaction gas supply, the height change master of fuel battery voltage
To be influenceed by the ohmic polarization as caused by PEM dry and wet degree, so as to just can determine whether by the single-unit voltage of fuel cell
The dry and wet degree of PEM, and the homogeneity of unit voltage is respectively saved by fuel cell pile, also can be overall to pile
Purging effect is judged.
3rd, the present invention is in fuel cell start-up, and fuel cell utilizes autoreactivity exotherm, without extra
Supplementary energy is heated, and is opened using the initial conditions corresponding with parking last handling process and current density progress loading
It is dynamic, it is ensured that the cold-starting process of fuel cell system can successful implementation.
4th, the present invention can control fuel cell to be in appropriate state after stopping at low ambient temperatures, and can be in low temperature
Quickly it is again started up with the state under environment.
5th, the present invention is applicable the fuel cell system that control function is supplied with autonomic response gas, applies also for being fired by more piece
Expect the pile composition of battery composition and with the fuel cell that voltage detecting function is carried out to the often section fuel cell in pile
System.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention only has 1, accompanying drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is a kind of block schematic illustration of fuel cell system.
In figure：1st, fuel cell system, 2, fuel cell pile, 3, hydrogen supply subsystem, 4, air supply subsystem,
5th, coolant circulation system, 6, fuel cell unit voltage inspection, 7, supplementary controlled system, 8, use electric loading.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described through below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In following embodiment is described in detail, Fig. 1 will be combined to the concrete application details of the present invention and apply result
It is described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that in technological frame set forth in the present invention, using similar
Other modes realize the application of this technology.
The embodiment of parking and the startup of specific fuel cell system 1 is as follows：
For a fuel cell system 1 and the use electric loading 8 of the energy is provided by it as shown in Figure 1, described fuel cell
System 1 supplies subsystem 3, air supply subsystem 4, coolant circulation system 5, fuel cell by fuel cell pile 2, hydrogen
Unit voltage inspection 6 and supplementary controlled system 7, described fuel cell pile 2 save single battery groups into using metal by 100
Bipolar plates, active area is 200cm2。
According to the method for the present invention, described fuel cell system 1 sets hydrogen when environment temperature is -20 DEG C of parkings
And air presses 300mA/cm2Current density condition is supplied, to pressing 50mA/cm with electric loading 82Current density carries out intermittent power supply, electricity
Road turn-on time is 5s, and turn-off time is 20s, during which, and fuel battery voltage inspection 6 detects the respectively section of fuel cell pile 2 all the time
The voltage in single pond, the average electricity in single pond is respectively saved when detecting in fuel cell-powered circuit turn-on time section fuel cells pile 2
When pressure is in 0.60-0.65V, parking process process terminates, and fuel cell system 1, which unloads, stop reaction gas supplying and shut down.
According to the method for the present invention, described fuel cell system 1 sets hydrogen when environment temperature is -20 DEG C of startups
And air presses 400mA/cm2Current density condition is supplied, and does not start coolant circulation system 5 temporarily, sets fuel cell pair
Dissipative load presses 50mA/cm2Current density is powered as initial current, and is progressively loaded onto current density 400mA/cm2,
Maintain operation, and pulse open coolant circulation system 5, coolant circulation system 5 open and the shut-in time be respectively 2s and
10s。
When coolant circulation opening process in, by supplementary controlled system 7 detect fuel cell pile coolant circulate into
Outlet temperature, when temperature rises to more than 0 DEG C, fuel cell system 1 terminates from the heat engine process that heats up, fuel cell system 1
Into normal operating conditions.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
A, parking toll
When fuel cell system (1) stops, by the way of high reaction gas supply, low current interval load, to fuel cell
Interior liquid water is handled, and is comprised the following steps that：
According to current density isp0The reaction gas flow speed of given fuel cell, and according to current density isp1Batch (-type) loading is carried out,
The magnitude of voltage of fuel cell pile (2) single battery when detecting loading simultaneously, when in loading procedure, in fuel cell pile (2)
When single battery average voltage is in 0.50-0.65V, fuel cell parking process is completed；Described current density isp0For 200-
500mA/cm2, current density isp1For 50-150mA/cm2；
B, startup control
According to current density ist0The reaction gas flow speed of given fuel cell, according to ist1Start loading as initial current density,
And progressively it is loaded onto current density ist0, fuel cell is then maintained in current density ist0Run, and pulse is opened coolant and followed
Ring, when in coolant circulation opening process, detection fuel cell pile (2) coolant is cycling in and out a mouthful temperature and rises to 0
When more than DEG C, fuel cell terminates from the heat engine process that heats up, and fuel cell can enter normal boot-strap process；
Described current density ist0For 200-500mA/cm2, current density ist1For 50-150mA/cm2。
2. a kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Batch (-type) is loaded, its cycle load time ti onFor 5-60s, its discharge time cycle ti offFor 5-60s；Described pulse is opened
Coolant is circulated, its cycle opening time tc onFor 1-5s interval ranges, its cycle shut-in time tc offFor 5-20s.
3. a kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Current density ist1≤ current density isp1, current density ist0>=current density isp0。
4. a kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Reaction gas is hydrogen or air.
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| CN201510989410.8A CN105406095B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | A kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system |
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| CN201510989410.8A CN105406095B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | A kind of low-temperature starting control method of fuel cell system |
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| CN105406095A CN105406095A (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| CN105406095B true CN105406095B (en) | 2017-09-01 |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101905951B1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2018-10-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Starting control method at full cell vehicle |
| CN108075154B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for starting and operating hydrogen-air proton exchange membrane fuel cell under non-humidifying condition |
| CN110429303B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2020-11-03 | 深圳国氢新能源科技有限公司 | Cold start method for hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN112310438A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-02 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Low-temperature self-starting method and device for proton exchange membrane fuel cell system |
| CN110957510B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-08-31 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Method for testing startup and shutdown of fuel cell stack rack |
| CN113764701B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2023-03-10 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start method of fuel cell |
| CN111755720A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-09 | 湖北工业大学 | Purging and dewatering low-temperature storage control method for fuel cell engine |
| CN114122462B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2023-08-25 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cold blowing method |
| CN112751056B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-11-26 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell purging system and control method |
| CN113285097B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-11-23 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Low-temperature starting control method for fuel cell |
| CN113793948A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-14 | 大连理工大学 | Fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating |
| CN114188570B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-09-12 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Cold start method and device for fuel cell stack and vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100527510C (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-08-12 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | A method and device for low-temperature start of the fuel battery |
| US20080241608A1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-02 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method of starting up a fuel cell under conditions in which water may freeze |
| CN101752582A (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2010-06-23 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Method for activating fuel cell stack rapidly |
| US20110195324A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Methods and processes to recover voltage loss of pem fuel cell stack |
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