CN105401401A - Preparation method of chemical surface modification easily-dyed polyimide fabric - Google Patents
Preparation method of chemical surface modification easily-dyed polyimide fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN105401401A CN105401401A CN201510896425.XA CN201510896425A CN105401401A CN 105401401 A CN105401401 A CN 105401401A CN 201510896425 A CN201510896425 A CN 201510896425A CN 105401401 A CN105401401 A CN 105401401A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic System
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/76—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon oxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/024—Material containing basic nitrogen using dispersed dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a chemical surface modification easily-dyed polyimide fabric. The method includes the preparation steps of firstly, processing the polyimide fabric in an alkali solution; secondly, washing the polyimide fabric. The polyimide fabric is changed into a fabric capable of being dyed from a fabric not capable of being dyed on the basis of not damaging physical and chemical performance of the polyimide fabric, and the problem that polyimide is difficult to dye is solved; in addition, due to the effect of the alkali solution, a large number of active groups can be formed in the surface of the fabric, amino groups can be combined with dye molecules, a strong sterilization function is achieved, the antibacterial and sterilization functions of the polyimide fabric can be improved, and the application field of the polyimide fabric within the spinning range is widened while the added value of the fabric is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method that a kind of chemical surface modification easily contaminates polyimides fabric, belong to function textile material technical field.
Background technology
Polyimides satisfactory mechanical property, and both can bear the temperature up to 400 DEG C, normal performance can be kept by the ultralow temperature below-200 DEG C again, also have good insulating properties, can say that overall performance is very good.Due to the performance that these are good, the development prospect of polyimides is also very considerable.
According to the difference of the monomer of composition polyimides, the semi-aromatic polyimides that polyimides can be divided into the aliphatic polyimide not containing phenyl ring, a kind of monomer contains phenyl ring and two kinds of monomers are all containing the aromatic polyimide three kinds of phenyl ring.And according to thermal property, then can be divided into thermoplasticity and Thermocurable polyimide.
Polyimides is the polymer containing imide ring structure (formula 1) on molecule main chain.Aromatic polyimide can be made up of diversified monomer, and this makes its structure present variation.And polyimides has outstanding combination property simultaneously, this is that many macromolecular materials are too far behind to catch up.And diversified synthetic method and manufacturing process, make polyimides to produce in a large number and not limit by condition.Multiple advantage makes polyimide material have broad application surface above, and in some high-tech areas as Aero-Space, electronics industry, nanometer, laser etc., polyimides fabric especially great Zhan is honorable.
The chemical constitution of formula 1 imide ring
Aromatic polyimide has excellent combination property due to the chemical constitution of its uniqueness, mainly comprise: good heat endurance, by 3,3 ', 4, the heat decomposition temperature of 4 '-bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and the polyimides prepared by p-phenylenediamine (PPD) (PDA) is up to 600 DEG C; Excellent resistance to low temperature, even if also can not embrittlement in liquid helium; Good DIMENSIONAL STABILITY and mechanical property; Excellent radiation resistance; Good insulating properties and dielectricity; Excellent anti-flammability and low toxicity and good biocompatibility.The excellent properties that polyimides has makes it obtain the extensive concern of people, develops the polyimide of various ways; The polyimide that successful commercialization has been produced at present has: film, fiber and engineering plastics etc.
At field of textiles, polyimide fiber has good prospect, because it has better spinning property, in conjunction with the premium properties of himself, can be applied to togs field.The good heat-proof quality of polyimides makes the protective clothing for proximity fire fighting made by it be through very comfortable with it, and skin and its conformability better.Due to the stability of polyimides, the clothing having polyimides fabric to make is also long for service time, not yielding, very safe again.Meanwhile, the application quantity of polyimides fabric in industrial and protective clothing, demand are all very large, and the much special work position of China, operationally all needs industrial and protective clothing, and the demand of this respect is per year over 350000 covers.Make so many industrial and protective clothings, what need every year has the clothes fiber of heat-resistant fireproof performance up to about 300 tons.Can say that the application of polyimides in clothes has very large advantage.
At nonwoven fabric manufacture view, polyimide fiber also fully develops talents.The clothes that the special industries such as armoured force soldier, racing driver, pilot need a large amount of fire-proof flame-retardant fibres to make at work, the nonwoven fabric having polyimides fabric to spin is the optimal material being applied to this part.The nonwoven fabric often combining nano technology that polyimide fiber manufactures, form high-tech nanometer product, there is thermal property, very comfortable again, the national defence such as military clothes, anti-chemical and biological weapons high-performance apparel, efficient smog protective face mask can be used in, also can come into the life of the people, make the leisure type clothes that some can eliminate abnormal body odour.
But polyimides fabric will well be applied also to be needed to solve following problem:
1, the problem that spinning process electrostatic is large
The electrostatic caused due to friction in comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning and weaving process is larger, and comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning difficulty, build-up of static charges cannot loss.Tentative programme adds the larger humidifier of power in spinning laboratory, makes humidity level reach 60%, and humidifier near comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning device, will make local humidity comparatively large, increase the loss of electric charge simultaneously.If fundamentally will solve electrostatic problem, will carry out antistatic finish to short yarn cutting, concrete grammar is that antistatic additive dilute solution soaks, and seals 24 hours, spins after then drying.
2, Yarn filoplume amount is high
The Yarn filoplume amount obtained at present is higher, unfavorable for weaving, and can't weave, have impact on the range of application of polyimides by knitting method.The cohesive force of yarn can be improved by the research of spinning technique, reduce filoplume amount, suitably can increase finish simultaneously in the process of spinning, reduce filoplume.
3, be difficult to dyeing, textile application is restricted
Current woven fabric porosity is comparatively large, and when measurement, data are unstable, impact the assessment of performance of polyimides fabric.Can different densities be selected to compare in woven process, obtain the fabric that relative cost is moderate compared with low-density.
First and second problems have had enterprise and research unit to carry out research to address now, but the problem that the 3rd problem is difficult to dye is an insoluble problem of puzzlement polyimides application of dress material always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of chemical surface modification is provided easily to contaminate the preparation method of polyimides fabric, aqueous slkali is adopted to carry out chemical modification and process to polyimides fabric, polyimide fiber surface produces a large amount of active groups after treatment, and obtain complex surface, add and the adhesion of dye molecule and dye-uptake, acquisition can contaminate polyimides fabric.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, a kind of chemical surface modification easily contaminates the preparation method of polyimides fabric, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) polyimides fabric alkaline solution treatment: being immersed in completely by polyimides fabric in aqueous slkali and carrying out magnetic agitation, rotating speed is 300-800 rev/min, temperature controls as 25-50 DEG C, and the time is 1-2h;
(2) polyimides fabric washing: the polyimides fabric through alkaline solution treatment is taken out washing 6-10 time and dries, and dry and carry out in 70-100 DEG C of baking oven, drying time is 1-2h.
Also comprise the process of polyimides dyeing fabric: adopt DISPERSE DYES to dye the polyimides fabric after drying, dyeing condition is 130-135 DEG C of water-bath, 0.3-0.5MPa, and dyeing time is 1-2h.
Described aqueous slkali is sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate liquor, and wherein the concentration range of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-5wt%, and the concentration range of sodium carbonate liquor is 1-15wt%.
The concentration range of described sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-2wt%, and the concentration range of sodium carbonate liquor is 1-6wt%.
The present invention makes polyimides fabric become from dyeing on the basis not damaging polyimides fabric process based prediction model can dyed shell fabrics, solve the problem that polyimides is difficult to dye, and the effect due to aqueous slkali makes web surface form a large amount of active groups, amino wherein not only can combine by dye molecule, have more very strong sterilizing function, the antibacterial of polyimides fabric and sterilizing function can be improved, while adding fabric added value, also extend its Application Areas within the scope of weaving.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of comparative example.
Fig. 2 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 4.
Fig. 6 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 5.
Fig. 7 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 6.
Fig. 8 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 7.
Fig. 9 is the electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 8.
Figure 10 is that before and after dyeing, polyimides fabric compares through broadwise ultimate strength.
Figure 11 is that before and after dyeing, polyimides fabric compares through broadwise extension at break.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1-8: a kind of chemical surface modification easily contaminates the preparation method of polyimides fabric, comprises the following steps:
(1) polyimides fabric alkaline solution treatment: being immersed in completely respectively by polyimides fabric in aqueous slkali as shown in table 1 and carrying out magnetic agitation, rotating speed is 300-800 rev/min, temperature controls as 25-50 DEG C, and the time is 1-2h;
(2) polyimides fabric washing: the polyimides fabric through alkaline solution treatment is taken out washing 6-10 time and dries, and dry and carry out in 70-100 DEG C of baking oven, drying time is 1-2h.
Table 1
Test case 1: sem test
Carry out sem test to the sample of embodiment 1-8 and comparative example respectively, result is respectively as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 9.As can see from Figure 1, smooth without the fiber surface in the polyimides fabric of alkaline solution treatment, can see from Fig. 2-9, the fiber surface after NaOH and sodium carbonate liquor process presents complicated.Complicated surface more easily makes dye molecule upload, and improves the dye-uptake of fabric; And the active group that the fiber surface after alkaline solution treatment produces due to the fracture of macromolecular chain is as carboxyl and amino, has very strong activity, can be combined with dye molecule, adds the COLOR FASTNESS of fabric.
Test case 2: Washing is checked
The polyimides fabric of embodiment 1-8 and comparative example is dyeed, to judge alkali treatment effect.Adopt DISPERSE DYES, dyeing condition is 130-135 DEG C of water-bath, 0.3-0.5MPa, and dyeing time is 1-2h.Concrete dye well auxiliary agent, dyeing heating process as Table 2,3:
Table 2 color additive
| Dye well auxiliary agent | Ratio/mass percentage concentration (%) |
| 100％S_4RL | 0.0755 |
| 100％_5BL | 0.079 |
| HGL is dark blue | 0.198 |
| 98% glacial acetic acid | 0.8 |
| TF-212 levelling agent | 0.2 |
| DM_1364 degreaser | 0.5 |
Table 3 dyes heating process
| Temperature | Speed | Insulation (dividing) |
| 30℃-85℃ | 2 DEG C/minute | 5 |
| 80℃-115℃ | 1.5 DEG C/minute | 5 |
| 115℃-130℃ | 2 DEG C/minute | 15 |
| 130℃-110℃ | 1.5 DEG C/minute | 5 |
| 110℃-45℃ | 1.5 DEG C/minute |
As shown in table 4 to the Washing assay after polyimides dyeing fabric.
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the more undressed polyimides fabric of polyimides fabric Washing through alkaline solution treatment will be improved, and that is after alkaline solution treatment, the dyeability of polyimides fabric is improved to some extent.
Test case 3: tension failure strength test
In order to understand the change of mechanical property after polyimides dyeing fabric, existing the tension failure brute force of the polyimides fabric of embodiment 4 after dyeing to be tested.
What examination bar and clamp method thereof adopted China's standard to specify pulls limit sliver sample method.Test apparatus is YG026A type electronic fabric strength tester.Polyimides fabric is chosen cloth cover smooth, without the cloth specimen of surface-defect, cut out the cloth specimen 5 pieces of the cloth specimen 5 pieces of warp-wise 6 cm x broadwise 35 centimetres, broadwise 6 cm x warp-wise 35 centimetres.Employing is pulled limit sliver sample method and cloth specimen is pulled into the cloth specimen of warp-wise 5 cm x broadwise 35 centimetres, the cloth specimen of broadwise 5 cm x warp-wise 35 centimetres.
This test parameters is set to: mode: 0, length: 100mm, speed: 100mm/min.
Test result is as shown in Figure 10,11.
Figure 10 is that before and after dyeing, polyimides fabric compares through broadwise ultimate strength.Abscissa is cloth specimen, and ordinate is ultimate strength, unit N.Wherein, a is warp-wise ultimate strength before dyeing, b for after dyeing through to ultimate strength, c is broadwise ultimate strength before dyeing, and d is broadwise ultimate strength after dyeing.
Figure 11 is that before and after dyeing, polyimides fabric compares through broadwise extension at break.Abscissa is cloth specimen, and ordinate is extension at break, unit mm.Wherein, e is warp-wise extension at break before dyeing, f for after dyeing through to extension at break, g is broadwise extension at break before dyeing, and h is broadwise extension at break after dyeing.
Known by Figure 10 and Figure 11, the mechanical property of polyimides fabric have dropped about 10% after alkaline solution treatment, and polyimides itself is a kind of high-performance fiber, the application index of the far super textiles for general use of its mechanical property, although therefore mechanical property declines to some extent, but other are functional does not all lose, and increase and can contaminate the function with sterilization.
Claims (4)
1. chemical surface modification easily contaminates a preparation method for polyimides fabric, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) polyimides fabric alkaline solution treatment: being immersed in completely by polyimides fabric in aqueous slkali and carrying out magnetic agitation, rotating speed is 300-800 rev/min, temperature controls as 25-50 DEG C, and the time is 1-2h;
(2) polyimides fabric washing: the polyimides fabric through alkaline solution treatment is taken out washing 6-10 time and dries, and dry and carry out in 70-100 DEG C of baking oven, drying time is 1-2h.
2. chemical surface modification as claimed in claim 1 easily contaminates the preparation method of polyimides fabric, it is characterized in that: also comprise the process of polyimides dyeing fabric: adopt DISPERSE DYES to dye the polyimides fabric after drying, dyeing condition is 130-135 DEG C of water-bath, 0.3-0.5MPa, dyeing time is 1-2h.
3. chemical surface modification as claimed in claim 1 easily contaminates the preparation method of polyimides fabric, it is characterized in that: described aqueous slkali is sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate liquor, the concentration range of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-5wt%, and the concentration range of sodium carbonate liquor is 1-15wt%.
4. chemical surface modification as claimed in claim 3 easily contaminates the preparation method of polyimides fabric, and it is characterized in that: the concentration range of described sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-2wt%, the concentration range of sodium carbonate liquor is 1-6wt%.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105603719A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-05-25 | 江南大学 | Preparation method of easy-to-dye polyimide fabric employing chemical reduction method |
| CN106012081A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 江南大学 | Preparation method for hyperbranched compound modified dyeable polyimide fiber |
| CN106333569A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-18 | 浙江真爱毯业科技有限公司 | Polyimide Raschel blanket and non-aqueous solvent dyeing method thereof |
| CN110468582A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-19 | 江苏工程职业技术学院 | A kind of polyimide nonwoven fabric from color changing method |
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| US20030046771A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | Kimbrell William C. | Chemical modification of hydrolizable polymer-containing textile articles |
| CN103541214A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-29 | 绍兴文理学院 | Method for improving basic dye dyeing property of polyimide fiber |
| CN104532622A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 东华大学 | Method for dyeing aromatic polyimide fiber with disperse dye |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105603719A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-05-25 | 江南大学 | Preparation method of easy-to-dye polyimide fabric employing chemical reduction method |
| CN106012081A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 江南大学 | Preparation method for hyperbranched compound modified dyeable polyimide fiber |
| CN106333569A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-18 | 浙江真爱毯业科技有限公司 | Polyimide Raschel blanket and non-aqueous solvent dyeing method thereof |
| CN106333569B (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-08-22 | 浙江真爱毯业科技有限公司 | A kind of polyimides Rachael blanket and its non-aqueous solvent dyeing method |
| CN110468582A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-19 | 江苏工程职业技术学院 | A kind of polyimide nonwoven fabric from color changing method |
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