CN105385467A - Low-rank coal carbonization process and system - Google Patents
Low-rank coal carbonization process and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105385467A CN105385467A CN201510849265.3A CN201510849265A CN105385467A CN 105385467 A CN105385467 A CN 105385467A CN 201510849265 A CN201510849265 A CN 201510849265A CN 105385467 A CN105385467 A CN 105385467A
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-rank coal carbonization process and system. The low-rank coal carbonization process comprises the following steps: dried and preheated raw coal and a heated heat carrier are mixed for carbonization, pyrolysis is performed to produce hot carbocoal and raw coke oven gas, a part of the hot carbocoal is cooled to be served as a semicoke finished product, a part of the hot carbocoal is heated by being in direct contact with smoke with the temperature of 900-1200 DEG C and the oxygen content of less than or equal to 1.2 percent and not equal to 0, and then serves as the heat carrier, and purification and tar trapping are performed on the raw coke oven gas to obtain a gas finished product and a tar finished product. The problems that finished products produced by a low-rank coal carbonization process and system in the prior art are high in ash content, poor in quality and low in safety and reliability are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal retorting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of low-rank coal distillation process and system.
Background technology
China's low-rank coal aboundresources, the explored coal reserves more than 50% is low-rank coal, and the volatile matter wherein contained is equivalent to the hydrocarbon resources of 1,000 hundred million tons.Due to low-rank coal, to have reactive behavior high, and easy spontaneous combustion, not easily transports for long-distance, the shortcomings such as the large and calorific value of water content is low, therefore at present the coal resources of China exploitation and utilize based on hard coal and bituminous coal, the exploitation of low-rank coal and utilize level lower, it is mainly coal-fired as power plant's power.Along with China is to the continuous increase of energy demand, the resource that hard coal and bituminous coal resource overexploitation cause is nervous, makes low-rank coal development and utilization more and more important, therefore carries out conversion upgrading to low-rank coal and more and more come into one's own.
Low-rank coal distillation process comparatively ripe at present mainly contains: internal thermal upright stove retorting technique and fluidized bed type hot solid carrier devolatilization technology.But, it is low that internal thermal upright stove retorting technique has produced caloric power of gas, inert component content is high, lump coal can only be processed, fine coal can not be processed, and the shortcoming such as single stove treatment capacity is less, it is large then to there is solid thermal carriers internal circulating load in fluidized bed type hot solid carrier devolatilization technology, the mass ratio of general feed coal and solid thermal carriers reaches 1:4-1:7, even higher, cause energy consumption to improve, increase equipment scale, and dust content is high in the tar coal gas produced, material is easily caused to run the not smooth and susceptible to plugging problem of equipment.
For overcoming above-mentioned technical problem, Chinese patent literature CN103589442A provides the rotary type method for destructive distillation and device that a kind of external-heat is combined with solid thermal carriers, method for destructive distillation wherein comprises: be blended in gas retort by destructive distillation according to the ratio of 1-2:1 by the raw coal after thermal barrier and drying and preheating, realize the pyrolysis of raw coal, produce hot semicoke and coal gas, wherein a part of hot semicoke is as semicoke product, the hot semicoke of a part is cleaned after cooled heated by gas as solid thermal carriers, through air blast air conveying with preheating after raw coal be mixed into destructive distillation in gas retort, the flue gas produced during semicoke heating carries out drying and preheating to raw coal.The caloric power of gas that above-mentioned distillation process and related device solve existing vertical coal distillation process existence is low, can not the problem of destructive distillation face coal, reduce solid thermal carriers internal circulating load simultaneously, reduce dust in coal gas to produce, by dust in high-temperature hot carbocoal filtering coal gas, reduce the dust in tar and heavy component, reduce circulation semicoke lift height, save energy, improve external-heating revolving furnace thermal efficiency simultaneously, reduce external-heating revolving destructive distillation due to the equipment size after thermo-efficiency low yield amplification, be convenient to scale operation.But, also there is following defect in technique scheme: as solid thermal carriers hot semicoke by the process that heats the heating medium that uses for purifying cooled coal gas, not only waste the coal gas of high-quality, improve cost, calorific value also due to coal gas is higher, its temperature of combustion is higher, when adopting coal gas to heat hot semicoke, easily cause the sintering of semicoke, affect it as the function of solid thermal carriers and its quality as semicoke finished product, and in heat-processed, if it is improper that combustion air controls for amount, then easily cause the partial combustion of semicoke, thus the ash content increased in finished product semicoke, affect the quality of finished product semicoke, if thermal barrier semicoke particle is thinner simultaneously, also easily cause the danger of dust explosion, safe reliability is low.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect that ash content is high, poor quality, safe reliability are low of the finished product semicoke overcoming low-rank coal distillation process of the prior art and system production, thus provides the low-rank coal distillation process and system that a kind of finished product semicoke ash content is low, best in quality, safe reliability is high.
For this reason, the invention provides a kind of low-rank coal distillation process, comprise the steps:
The raw coal of drying and preheating is mixed with the thermal barrier after heating and carries out destructive distillation, pyrolysis produces hot semicoke and raw gas, the described hot semicoke of a part carries out cooling as semicoke finished product, the described hot semicoke of a part through temperature be 900-1200 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.2% and as described thermal barrier after not being the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of 0, described raw gas carries out purification and tar trapping, obtains coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Described low-rank coal distillation process, the flue-gas temperature heated described hot semicoke is 1100 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.0%.
Described low-rank coal distillation process, also comprises: sieved by raw coal, and the particle diameter sieved out is that the raw coal of >3mm carries out destructive distillation; The hot semicoke that pyrolysis produces is sieved, the particle diameter sieved out is >=the hot semicoke of 4mm is as described thermal barrier.
Described low-rank coal distillation process, the raw coal temperature after described drying and preheating is 180-240 DEG C; The temperature of the described thermal barrier after heating is 800-1000 DEG C; The temperature of the described hot semicoke that pyrolysis produces is 500-600 DEG C;
Described low-rank coal distillation process, the mass ratio of described raw coal and described thermal barrier is not less than 1:1.
Present invention also offers a kind of low-rank coal distillation system, drying machine and externally heated retort oven is connected with successively along operational path, externally heated retort oven first discharge port that described externally heated retort oven is arranged is connected with cold burnt system, and the raw gas outlet that described externally heated retort oven is arranged is connected with gas purification and tar trapping system; Also comprise:
Thermal medium heater, the thermal medium heater opening for feed that described thermal medium heater is arranged is connected with externally heated retort oven second discharge port that described externally heated retort oven is arranged, and the thermal medium heater discharge port that described thermal medium heater is arranged is connected with the externally heated retort oven opening for feed that described externally heated retort oven is arranged;
Hotblast stove, the hotblast stove air outlet that described hotblast stove is arranged is connected with the thermal medium heater inlet mouth that described thermal medium heater is arranged, the thermal medium heater air outlet that described thermal medium heater is arranged is connected with the inlet end of some fume pipes that described externally heated retort oven sidewall is arranged, and the outlet side of described fume pipe is connected with the hotblast stove inlet mouth that described hotblast stove is arranged.
Described low-rank coal distillation system, the outlet side of described fume pipe is connected with the drying machine inlet mouth that described drying machine is arranged, and the drying machine air outlet that described drying machine is arranged is connected with fly-ash separator.
Described low-rank coal distillation system, the drying machine opening for feed that described drying machine is arranged is connected with the rough coal mouth that vibratory screening apparatus is arranged and duff mouth respectively with the hotblast stove opening for feed that described hotblast stove is arranged; Described externally heated retort oven is provided with trommel screen, and the thin Jiao Kou that described trommel screen is arranged and thick Jiao Kou are connected with described cold burnt system and described thermal medium heater opening for feed respectively.
Described low-rank coal distillation system, described externally heated retort oven side-wall outer side is arranged with external jacket, and described external jacket is communicated with described fume pipe, forms exhaust gases passes between described externally heated retort oven and described external jacket.
Described low-rank coal distillation system, described externally heated retort oven opening for feed is provided with duplex feeder.
Compared to existing technology, tool has the following advantages technical solution of the present invention:
(1) low-rank coal distillation process of the present invention, the raw coal of drying and preheating is mixed with the thermal barrier after heating and carries out destructive distillation, pyrolysis produces hot semicoke and raw gas, the described hot semicoke of a part carries out cooling as semicoke finished product, the described hot semicoke of a part is 900-1200 DEG C through temperature, oxygen level≤1.2% and be not as described thermal barrier after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of 0, described raw gas carries out purification and tar trapping, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product, by will be 900-1200 DEG C through temperature, oxygen level≤1.2% and not to be hot semicoke after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of 0 as solid thermal carriers mix with raw coal carries out destructive distillation, the gas avoided by other heating medium are as high in calorific values such as coal gas heats hot semicoke solid thermal carriers, semicoke is caused to sinter, affect its function as solid thermal carriers and the problem as quality of finished, also avoid in heat-processed simultaneously, when combustion air is improper for amount control, easily cause the partial combustion of semicoke, increase the ash content in finished product semicoke, affect the quality of finished product semicoke, but also avoid when raw coal and thermal barrier particle thinner time, adopt the high gas of other calorific values as easily caused the problem of dust explosion when coal gas carries out Direct Contact Heating, safe reliability is low, the ash content that the present invention is prepared in semicoke finished product by described low-rank coal distillation process is low, the quality of semicoke finished product is high, and process safety reliability is high, solve the poor quality of the finished product semicoke that low-rank coal distillation process of the prior art is produced, the problem that safe reliability is low,
(2) low-rank coal distillation process of the present invention, the flue-gas temperature heated described hot semicoke by control is 1100 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.0%, ash content in further guarantee semicoke finished product is low, and the quality of semicoke finished product is high, and process safety reliability is high;
(3) low-rank coal distillation process of the present invention, by being sieved by raw coal, the particle diameter sieved out is that the raw coal of >3mm carries out destructive distillation; The hot semicoke that pyrolysis produces is carried out the step of sieving, the particle diameter sieved out is >=the hot semicoke of 4mm is as described thermal barrier; By controlling the particle diameter > 3mm carrying out the raw coal of destructive distillation, the dust content in the burnt oil and gas prepared significantly being reduced, improves the quality of coal gas and tar; Simultaneously by described hot semicoke is sieved, the hot semicoke that the particle diameter filtered out is large enters in described thermal medium heater, the hot semicoke that particle diameter is little carries out cooling as semicoke finished product, guarantee that the hot semicoke as solid thermal carriers has certain size, avoid solid thermal carriers particle thinner, cause it and raw coal carries out pyrolysis time, easily there is the problem of dust explosion, security improves, and due to the hot semicoke particle diameter of described solid thermal carriers comparatively large, reduce the dust content in the coal gas of preparation and tar to a certain extent;
(4) low-rank coal distillation process of the present invention, raw coal temperature after described drying and preheating is 180-240 DEG C, be 180-240 DEG C by controlling the temperature of raw coal drying and preheating, avoid coal drying and preheating temperature too high, cause raw coal generation pyrolytic reaction, separate out part coal gas and tar, cause the loss of coal gas and tar, the flue gas simultaneously carrying tar secretly is discharged in air and then can causes serious atmospheric pollution, brings negative consequence;
(5) low-rank coal distillation system of the present invention, drying machine and externally heated retort oven is connected with successively along operational path, externally heated retort oven first discharge port that described externally heated retort oven is arranged is connected with cold burnt system, and the raw gas outlet that described externally heated retort oven is arranged is connected with gas purification and tar trapping system, thermal medium heater, the thermal medium heater opening for feed that described thermal medium heater is arranged is connected with externally heated retort oven second discharge port that described externally heated retort oven is arranged, and the thermal medium heater discharge port that described thermal medium heater is arranged is connected with the externally heated retort oven opening for feed that described externally heated retort oven is arranged, hotblast stove, the hotblast stove air outlet that described hotblast stove is arranged is connected with the thermal medium heater inlet mouth that described thermal medium heater is arranged, the thermal medium heater air outlet that described thermal medium heater is arranged is connected with the inlet end of some fume pipes that described externally heated retort oven sidewall is arranged, and the outlet side of described fume pipe is connected with the hotblast stove inlet mouth that described hotblast stove is arranged, by connecting described thermal medium heater in described externally heated retort oven outside, the hot semicoke of part that pyrolysis in described externally heated retort oven produces can be delivered in described thermal medium heater and heat, then the hot semicoke after heating is delivered to enter in gas retort after described externally heated retort oven opening for feed mixes with raw coal as solid thermal carriers and pyrolysis of coal occurs reacts, owing to utilizing hot semicoke as solid thermal carriers, make described raw coal heat-up rate fast, substantially reduce the heating-up time of raw coal, improve pyrolysis efficiency, also greatly reduce the internal circulating load of solid thermal carriers simultaneously, save the energy, reduce equipment scale, again by arranging hotblast stove, the coal-fired flue-gas adopting hotblast stove to produce carries out Direct Contact Heating to hot semicoke, because flue gas calorific value is moderate, and there is suitable oxygen level, can be good at the thermal source as hot semicoke solid thermal carriers, not only hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are heated to the temperature of needs, also avoid because heating medium calorific value is high, temperature of combustion is higher, hot semicoke is easily caused to sinter, and when heating medium is gas, if wherein oxygen level control is improper, then easily cause semicoke partial combustion, thus the ash content increased in finished product semicoke, affect the quality of finished product semicoke, and avoid when raw coal and thermal barrier particle thinner, the problem of dust explosion is caused when adopting other gases to carry out Direct Contact Heating, safe reliability significantly improves, the ash content overcoming the finished product semicoke that low-rank coal distillation system of the prior art is produced is high, poor quality, the defect that safe reliability is low,
(6) low-rank coal distillation system of the present invention, the outlet side of described fume pipe is connected with the drying machine inlet mouth that described drying machine is arranged, and the drying machine air outlet that described drying machine is arranged is connected with fly-ash separator, by the outlet side of described fume pipe is communicated with described drying machine, can utilize and be with the flue gas had surplus heat to carry out preheating and drying to raw coal, make use of remaining heat in flue gas fully, save energy, described drying machine air outlet is connected with fly-ash separator, moisture is carried to the flue gas after raw coal carries out preheating and drying and fine powder is discharged by described drying machine air outlet, discharge after fly-ash separator dedusting, on the one hand the partial fume circulated in system is discharged, make flue gas pressures in pyrolysis of coal reactive system moderate further, guarantee that system can steady in a long-termly be run, dust is effectively avoided on the one hand easily to cause equipment pipe to block and the large problem of follow-up oil gas product dedusting workload.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The structural representation of low-rank coal distillation system of Fig. 1 for providing in the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the low-rank coal distillation system for providing in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10-drying machine, 101-drying machine opening for feed, 102-discharge hole of drying machine, 103-drying machine inlet mouth, 104-drying machine air outlet, 11-externally heated retort oven, 111-externally heated retort oven first discharge port, 112-externally heated retort oven second discharge port, 113-raw gas exports, 114-externally heated retort oven opening for feed, 115-fume pipe, 12-thermal medium heater, 121-thermal medium heater opening for feed, 122-thermal medium heater discharge port, 123-thermal medium heater inlet mouth, 124-thermal medium heater air outlet, 13-hotblast stove, 131-hotblast stove opening for feed, 132-hotblast stove inlet mouth, 133-hotblast stove air outlet, 14-vibratory screening apparatus, 15-trommel screen, 16-high temperature lift, 17-duplex feeder, 18-roller slag cooler, 19-fly-ash separator, 20-run coal bin, 21-surge bunker.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as term " " center ", " on ", D score, "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " interior ", " outward " they be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship; be only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization; instead of instruction or imply the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, particular case above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood.
In addition, if below in the described different embodiment of the present invention involved technical characteristic do not form conflict each other and just can be combined with each other.
Embodiment 1
Low-rank coal distillation process described in this enforcement, comprises the steps:
(1) raw coal is carried out drying and preheating by rotary drying stove, raw coal directly to be contacted or indirect contact is heated to 150 DEG C, the moisture content of raw coal is reduced to less than 8%, then opening for feed raw coal being delivered to described rotary dry distillation stove is that 1:1.5 mixes with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers according to mass ratio, described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers be through excess temperature be 1000 DEG C, temperature is the hot semicoke of 750 DEG C after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.2%;
(2) then raw coal and described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are together delivered in described rotary dry distillation stove and carry out destructive distillation, indirect contact heating is carried out to described rotary dry distillation stove, the temperature controlling pyrolytic reaction is 550 DEG C, react 1 hour, generate semicoke and raw gas, described semicoke temperature is 500 DEG C, wherein a part of hot semicoke carries out indirect or direct contact cooling, as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of a part is 1000 DEG C through excess temperature, after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.2%, temperature is that the hot semicoke of 750 DEG C is delivered to gas retort opening for feed as solid thermal carriers, described raw gas is through dedusting and condensation, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Embodiment 2
Low-rank coal distillation process described in this enforcement, comprises the steps:
(1) raw coal is carried out drying and preheating by rotary drying stove, raw coal directly to be contacted or indirect contact is heated to 245 DEG C, the moisture content of raw coal is reduced to less than 5%, then the opening for feed described raw coal being delivered to described rotary dry distillation stove is that 1:0.1 mixes with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers according to mass ratio, described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers be through excess temperature be 1200 DEG C, temperature is the hot semicoke of 1050 DEG C after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 0.1%;
(2) then raw coal and described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are together delivered in described rotary dry distillation stove and carry out destructive distillation, indirect contact heating is carried out to described rotary dry distillation stove, the temperature controlling pyrolytic reaction is 650 DEG C, react 25 minutes, generate semicoke and raw gas, described semicoke temperature is 600 DEG C, wherein a part of hot semicoke carries out indirect or direct contact cooling, as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of a part is 1200 DEG C through excess temperature, after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.2%, temperature is that the hot semicoke of 1050 DEG C is delivered to gas retort opening for feed as solid thermal carriers, described raw gas is through dedusting and condensation, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Embodiment 3
Low-rank coal distillation process described in this enforcement, comprises the steps:
(1) raw coal is carried out drying and preheating by rotary drying stove, high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out Direct Contact Heating to 180 DEG C to raw coal, the moisture content of raw coal is reduced to less than 5%, then the opening for feed described raw coal being delivered to described rotary dry distillation stove is that 1:1 mixes with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers according to mass ratio, described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers be through excess temperature be 1100 DEG C, temperature is the hot semicoke of 800 DEG C after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.0%, the particle diameter of described hot semicoke is more than 4mm;
(2) then raw coal and described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are together delivered in described rotary dry distillation stove and carry out destructive distillation, high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out indirect contact heating to described rotary dry distillation stove, the temperature controlling pyrolytic reaction is 600 DEG C, react 45 minutes, generate semicoke and raw gas, described semicoke temperature is 550 DEG C, wherein a part of hot semicoke carries out indirect or direct contact cooling, as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of a part sieves, the particle diameter sieved out is that the hot semicoke being less than 4mm carries out indirect or direct contact cooling as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of the particle diameter >=4mm sieved out is 1100 DEG C through excess temperature, the hot semicoke being 800 DEG C to temperature after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.0% is delivered to gas retort opening for feed as solid thermal carriers, described raw gas is through dedusting and condensation, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Embodiment 4
Low-rank coal distillation process described in this enforcement, comprises the steps:
(1) raw coal is sieved, the raw coal of particle diameter≤3mm sends in described hotblast stove the high-temperature flue gas of generation of burning as the thermal source in subsequent technique, the raw coal that particle diameter is greater than 3mm carries out drying and preheating by rotary drying stove, described high-temperature flue gas carries out Direct Contact Heating to 240 DEG C to raw coal, the moisture content of raw coal is reduced to less than 5%, then the opening for feed described raw coal being delivered to described rotary dry distillation stove is that 1:0.5 mixes with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers according to mass ratio, described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers for through excess temperature be 1100 DEG C, after the described high-temperature flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.0%, temperature is the hot semicoke of 1000 DEG C, the particle diameter of described hot semicoke is more than 5mm,
(2) then raw coal and described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are together delivered in described rotary dry distillation stove and carry out destructive distillation, high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out indirect contact heating to described rotary dry distillation stove, the temperature controlling pyrolytic reaction is 600 DEG C, react 30 minutes, generate semicoke and raw gas, described semicoke temperature is 580 DEG C, wherein a part of hot semicoke carries out indirect or direct contact cooling, as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of a part sieves, the particle diameter sieved out is that the hot semicoke of <5mm carries out indirect or direct contact cooling as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of the particle diameter >=5mm sieved out is 1100 DEG C through excess temperature, flue gas Direct Contact Heating to the temperature of oxygen level 1.0% is that the hot semicoke of 1000 DEG C is delivered to gas retort opening for feed as solid thermal carriers, described raw gas is through dedusting and condensation, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Embodiment 5
Low-rank coal distillation process described in this enforcement, comprises the steps:
(1) raw coal is sieved, the raw coal of particle diameter≤3mm sends in described hotblast stove the high-temperature flue gas of generation of burning as the thermal source in subsequent technique, the raw coal that particle diameter is greater than 3mm carries out drying and preheating by rotary drying stove, described high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out Direct Contact Heating to 200 DEG C to raw coal, the moisture content of raw coal is reduced to less than 5%, then the opening for feed described raw coal being delivered to described rotary dry distillation stove is that 1:0.8 mixes with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers according to mass ratio, described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers for through excess temperature be 1100 DEG C, after the described high-temperature flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.0%, temperature is the hot semicoke of 900 DEG C, the particle diameter of described hot semicoke is more than 10mm,
(2) then raw coal and described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are together delivered in described rotary dry distillation stove and carry out destructive distillation, high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out indirect contact heating to described rotary dry distillation stove, the temperature controlling pyrolytic reaction is 580 DEG C, react 30 minutes, generate semicoke and raw gas, described semicoke temperature is 550 DEG C, wherein a part of hot semicoke carries out indirect or direct contact cooling, as semicoke finished product, , the hot semicoke of a part sieves, the particle diameter sieved out is that the hot semicoke of < 10mm carries out indirect or direct contact cooling as semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of the particle diameter >=10mm sieved out is 1100 DEG C through excess temperature, after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of oxygen level 1.2%, temperature is that the hot semicoke of 900 DEG C is delivered to gas retort opening for feed as solid thermal carriers, described raw gas is through dedusting and condensation, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Embodiment 6
Low-rank coal distillation process described in embodiment of the present invention 1-5 is realized by following low-rank coal distillation system:
Low-rank coal distillation system described in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, drying machine 10 and externally heated retort oven 11 is connected with successively along operational path, externally heated retort oven first discharge port 111 that described externally heated retort oven 11 is arranged is connected with cold burnt system, and the raw gas outlet 113 that described externally heated retort oven 11 is arranged is connected with gas purification and tar trapping system; Also comprise, thermal medium heater 12, the thermal medium heater opening for feed 121 that described thermal medium heater 12 is arranged is connected with externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 that described externally heated retort oven 11 is arranged, and the thermal medium heater discharge port 122 that described thermal medium heater 12 is arranged is connected with the externally heated retort oven opening for feed 114 that described externally heated retort oven 11 is arranged; Hotblast stove 13, the hotblast stove air outlet 133 that described hotblast stove 13 is arranged is connected with the thermal medium heater inlet mouth 123 that described thermal medium heater 12 is arranged, the thermal medium heater air outlet 124 that described thermal medium heater 12 is arranged is connected with the inlet end of some fume pipes 115 that described externally heated retort oven 11 sidewall is arranged, and the outlet side of described fume pipe 115 is connected with the hotblast stove inlet mouth 132 that described hotblast stove 13 is arranged.
By connecting described thermal medium heater 12 in described externally heated retort oven 11 outside, the hot semicoke of part that pyrolysis in described externally heated retort oven 11 produces is delivered in described thermal medium heater 12 and heats, then the hot semicoke after heating is delivered to enter in gas retort after described externally heated retort oven opening for feed 114 mixes with raw coal as solid thermal carriers and pyrolysis of coal occurs reacts, owing to utilizing hot semicoke as solid thermal carriers, make described raw coal heat-up rate fast, substantially reduce the heating-up time of raw coal, improve pyrolysis efficiency, also greatly reduce the internal circulating load of solid thermal carriers simultaneously, save the energy, reduce equipment scale, again by arranging hotblast stove 13, the coal-fired flue-gas adopting described hotblast stove 13 to produce carries out Direct Contact Heating to hot semicoke, because flue gas calorific value is moderate, and there is suitable oxygen level, can be good at the thermal source as hot semicoke solid thermal carriers, not only hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are heated to the temperature of needs, also avoid because heating medium calorific value is high, temperature of combustion is higher, hot semicoke is easily caused to sinter, and when heating medium is gas, if wherein oxygen level control is improper, then easily cause semicoke partial combustion, thus the ash content increased in finished product semicoke, affect the quality of finished product semicoke, and avoid when raw coal and thermal barrier particle thinner, the problem of dust explosion is caused when adopting other gases to carry out Direct Contact Heating, safe reliability significantly improves.Same, described thermal medium heater air outlet 124 is connected with the inlet end of some fume pipes 115 that described externally heated retort oven 11 sidewall is arranged, by to the flue gas after described thermal barrier heating, described rotary dry distillation stove 11 is heated, achieve the recycle of flue gas on the one hand, save resource, on the one hand because flue gas calorific value is moderate, avoid causing the semicoke sintering that pyrolysis in gas retort produces, affect the quality of semicoke finished product.The outlet side of described fume pipe 115 is connected with described hotblast stove inlet mouth 132, is entered by the flue gas utilized in described hotblast stove 13 and mixes with the new flue gas produced in described hotblast stove 13, control the temperature of flue gas, and realize the recycle of flue gas, save energy.
Further, the outlet side of described fume pipe 115 is connected with the drying machine inlet mouth 103 that described drying machine 10 is arranged, and the drying machine air outlet 104 that described drying machine 10 is arranged is connected with fly-ash separator.By the outlet side of described fume pipe 115 is communicated with described drying machine 10, can utilize and be with the flue gas had surplus heat to carry out preheating and drying to raw coal, make use of remaining heat in flue gas fully, save energy, described drying machine air outlet 104 is connected with fly-ash separator, moisture is carried to the flue gas after raw coal carries out preheating and drying and fine powder is discharged by described drying machine air outlet 104, discharge after the dedusting of described fly-ash separator 19, on the one hand the partial fume circulated in system is discharged, make flue gas pressures in pyrolysis of coal reactive system moderate further, guarantee that system can steady in a long-termly be run, dust is effectively avoided on the one hand easily to cause equipment pipe to block and the large problem of follow-up oil gas product dedusting workload.
Further, the drying machine opening for feed 101 described drying machine 10 arranged is connected with the rough coal mouth that vibratory screening apparatus 14 is arranged and duff mouth respectively with the hotblast stove opening for feed 131 that described hotblast stove 13 is arranged.Sieved by described vibratory screening apparatus 14, described raw coal is sieved, the rough coal that particle diameter is large enters in described drying machine 10 through rough coal mouth, the duff that particle diameter is little enters in described hotblast stove 13 as fuel through duff mouth, on the one hand effectively avoid dust to enter in described drying machine 10 causing equipment pipe to block and the large problem of follow-up oil gas product dedusting workload, on the other hand using fine breeze as fuel source, greatly reduce cost.
Further, trommel screen 15 is provided with in described externally heated retort oven 11, the thin Jiao Kou that described trommel screen 15 is arranged is connected with described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 respectively by described externally heated retort oven first discharge port 111 with thick Jiao Kou, sieved by described trommel screen 15, described hot semicoke is sieved, the hot semicoke that the particle diameter filtered out is large enters in described thermal medium heater 12 through thick Jiao Kou and described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112, the hot semicoke that particle diameter is little enters cold burnt system through thin Jiao Kou and described externally heated retort oven first discharge port 111 and carries out cooling as semicoke finished product, ensure that the hot semicoke as solid thermal carriers has certain size, avoid solid thermal carriers particle thinner, cause it and raw coal carries out pyrolysis time, easily there is the problem of dust explosion, security improves.
Further, described externally heated retort oven 11 side-wall outer side is arranged with external jacket, and described external jacket is communicated with described fume pipe 115, forms exhaust gases passes between described externally heated retort oven 11 and described external jacket, effectively increase the indirect contact area of coal and flue gas, improve heat transfer efficiencies.
Further, described externally heated retort oven opening for feed 114 is provided with duplex feeder 17, is conveniently mixed with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers by raw coal, makes raw coal rapid temperature increases, improves heat transfer efficiencies.
Further, described cold burnt system is roller slag cooler 18, and described roller slag cooler 18 adopts recirculated cooling water indirectly to cool hot semicoke as heat-eliminating medium.
Further, described externally heated retort oven 11 is arranged on below described thermal medium heater 12, described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 is connected with described thermal medium heater opening for feed 121 by high temperature lift 16, and the hot semicoke that described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 is discharged promotes through described high temperature lift 16 and is delivered in described thermal medium heater 12.
Further, described discharge hole of drying machine 102 is connected with surge bunker 21, and the discharge port of described surge bunker 21 is positioned at the top of described duplex feeder 17 opening for feed.
Further, the rough coal discharge end of described vibratory screening apparatus 14 is connected with run coal bin 20, and described run coal bin 20 is connected with described drying machine opening for feed 101.
Further, the bottom of described fly-ash separator 19 is connected with described surge bunker 21, is convenient to the dry coal that described fly-ash separator 19 is collected to send in described surge bunker 21, in order to avoid waste.
Further, described thermal medium heater 12 is internal-heated rotary furnace, and described externally heated retort oven 11 is external-heating revolving gas retort, and described drying machine 10 is rotary drying stove, and described cold burnt system is dedusting drum cooling system.
The working process of described low-rank coal distillation system is as follows: raw coal sieves through described vibratory screening apparatus 14, particle diameter is≤raw coal of 3mm to be entered in described hotblast stove 13 as the flue gas of fuel combustion as the thermal source in system by described hotblast stove opening for feed 131 through duff mouth, particle diameter is that the raw coal of >3mm enters in described run coal bin 20 through rough coal mouth, enter in described drying machine 10 through described drying machine opening for feed 101 and carry out drying and preheating, the flue gas produced by described hotblast stove 13 is successively to described thermal medium heater 12, flue gas after described externally heated retort oven 11 heats is as thermal source, enter described drying machine 10 by the flue gas of being discharged by described fume pipe 115 outlet side via described drying machine inlet mouth 103 to heat, after control drying and preheating, the temperature of raw coal is 180-240 DEG C, the raw coal of drying and preheating enters in described surge bunker 21 through described discharge hole of drying machine 102, the flue gas of discharging through described drying machine air outlet 104 is emptying through the dedusting of described fly-ash separator 19, the dry coal that described fly-ash separator 19 is collected enters in described surge bunker 21 through the bottom of described fly-ash separator 19, raw coal in described surge bunker 21 fall into that described duplex feeder 17 and described thermal medium heater discharge port 122 discharge through temperature be 900-1200 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.2% and not to be temperature after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of 0 the be hot semicoke mixing of 800-1000 DEG C, together enter in described externally heated retort oven 11 and carry out destructive distillation, flue gas after the flue gas produced by described hotblast stove 13 heats described thermal medium heater 12 is as thermal source, the flue gas of being discharged by described thermal medium heater air outlet 124 to be entered in described fume pipe 115 by described fume pipe 115 inlet end and by the additional cover that is communicated with described fume pipe 115, indirect heating is carried out to described externally heated retort oven 11, flue gas after heating enters in described hotblast stove 13 or described drying machine 10 by the outlet side of described fume pipe 115 via described hotblast stove inlet mouth 132 or described drying machine inlet mouth 103, the temperature controlling the described hot semicoke that pyrolysis produces is 500-600 DEG C, the raw gas that pyrolysis produces enters bulging cooling system through described externally heated retort oven air outlet 113 and carries out dedusting and cold Jiao, collection obtains coal gas and tar, described hot semicoke sieves through the described trommel screen 15 be arranged in described externally heated retort oven 11, the particle diameter sieved out be less than 4mm hot semicoke through the thin Jiao Kou of described trommel screen 15, discharged by described externally heated retort oven first discharge port 111 and enter described roller slag cooler 18, recirculated cooling water is adopted indirectly to cool hot semicoke as heat-eliminating medium, obtain semicoke finished product, the particle diameter sieved out is >=the hot semicoke of 4mm is through the thick Jiao Kou of described trommel screen 15, described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 is discharged, then being delivered to described thermal medium heater opening for feed 121 by described high temperature lift 16 lifting enters in described thermal medium heater 12, by described hotblast stove 13 produce through temperature be 900-1200 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.2% and be not 0 flue gas entered in described thermal medium heater 12 by described thermal medium heater inlet mouth 123 Direct Contact Heating carried out to described hot semicoke, the temperature controlling hot semicoke is 800-1000 DEG C, hot semicoke after heating is sent in described externally heated retort oven 11 through described thermal medium heater discharge port 123, flue gas after heating is discharged to enter in described fume pipe 115 by described thermal medium heater 124 and is heated described externally heated retort oven 11.
As interchangeable embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 is connected with trommel screen 15, the thin Jiao Kou that described trommel screen 15 is arranged is connected with described cold burnt system and described thermal medium heater opening for feed 121 respectively with thick Jiao Kou, sieved by described trommel screen 15, described hot semicoke is sieved, the hot semicoke that the particle diameter filtered out is large enters in described thermal medium heater 12 through thick Jiao Kou, the hot semicoke that particle diameter is little enters cold burnt system through thin Jiao Kou and carries out cooling as semicoke finished product, ensure that the hot semicoke as solid thermal carriers has certain size, avoid solid thermal carriers particle thinner, cause it and raw coal carries out pyrolysis time, easily there is the problem of dust explosion, security improves.
The working process of described low-rank coal distillation system is as follows: raw coal sieves through described vibratory screening apparatus 14, particle diameter is≤raw coal of 3mm to be entered in described hotblast stove 13 as the flue gas of fuel combustion as the thermal source in system by described hotblast stove opening for feed 131 through duff mouth, particle diameter is that the raw coal of >3mm enters in described run coal bin 20 through rough coal mouth, enter in described drying machine 10 through described drying machine opening for feed 101 and carry out drying and preheating, the flue gas produced by described hotblast stove 13 is successively to described thermal medium heater 12, flue gas after described externally heated retort oven 11 heats is as thermal source, enter described drying machine 10 by the flue gas of being discharged by described fume pipe 115 outlet side via described drying machine inlet mouth 103 to heat, after control drying and preheating, the temperature of raw coal is 180-240 DEG C, the raw coal of drying and preheating enters in described surge bunker 21 through described discharge hole of drying machine 102, the flue gas of discharging through described drying machine air outlet 104 is emptying through the dedusting of described fly-ash separator 19, the dry coal that described fly-ash separator 19 is collected enters in described surge bunker 21 through the bottom of described fly-ash separator 19, raw coal in described surge bunker 21 fall into that described duplex feeder 17 and described thermal medium heater discharge port 122 discharge through temperature be 900-1200 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.2% and not to be temperature after the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of 0 the be hot semicoke mixing of 800-1000 DEG C, together enter in described externally heated retort oven 11 and carry out destructive distillation, flue gas after the flue gas produced by described hotblast stove 13 heats described thermal medium heater 12 is as thermal source, the flue gas of being discharged by described thermal medium heater air outlet 124 to be entered in described fume pipe 115 by described fume pipe 115 inlet end and by the additional cover that is communicated with described fume pipe 115, indirect heating is carried out to described externally heated retort oven 11, flue gas after heating enters in described hotblast stove 13 or described drying machine 10 by the outlet side of described fume pipe 115 via described hotblast stove inlet mouth 132 or described drying machine inlet mouth 103, the temperature controlling the described hot semicoke that pyrolysis produces is 500-600 DEG C, the raw gas that pyrolysis produces enters bulging cooling system through described externally heated retort oven air outlet 113 and carries out dedusting and cold Jiao, collection obtains coal gas and tar, described hot semicoke is discharged through described externally heated retort oven first discharge port 111 and described externally heated retort oven first discharge port 112, the hot semicoke of being discharged by described externally heated retort oven first discharge port 111 enters described roller slag cooler 18, recirculated cooling water is adopted indirectly to cool hot semicoke as heat-eliminating medium, obtain semicoke finished product, the hot semicoke of being discharged by described externally heated retort oven second discharge port 112 sieves through described trommel screen 15, the particle diameter sieved out is that the hot semicoke being less than 4mm enters described roller slag cooler 18 through the thin Jiao Kou discharge of described trommel screen 15, recirculated cooling water is adopted indirectly to cool hot semicoke as heat-eliminating medium, obtain semicoke finished product, the particle diameter sieved out is >=the hot semicoke of 4mm discharges through the thick Jiao Kou of described trommel screen 15, then being delivered to described thermal medium heater opening for feed 121 by described high temperature lift 16 lifting enters in described thermal medium heater 12, by described hotblast stove 13 produce through temperature be 900-1200 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.2% and be not 0 flue gas entered in described thermal medium heater 12 by described thermal medium heater inlet mouth 123 Direct Contact Heating carried out to described hot semicoke, the temperature controlling hot semicoke is 800-1000 DEG C, hot semicoke after heating is sent in described externally heated retort oven 11 through described thermal medium heater discharge port 123, flue gas after heating is discharged to enter in described fume pipe 115 by described thermal medium heater 124 and is heated described externally heated retort oven 11.
Comparative example 1
Low-rank coal distillation process described in this enforcement, comprises the steps:
(1) raw coal is sieved, the raw coal of particle diameter < 1mm sends in described hotblast stove the high-temperature flue gas of generation of burning as the thermal source in subsequent technique, the raw coal of particle diameter >=1mm carries out drying and preheating by rotary drying stove, described high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out Direct Contact Heating to 200 DEG C to raw coal, the moisture content of raw coal is reduced to less than 5%, then the opening for feed described raw coal being delivered to described rotary dry distillation stove is that 1:0.8 mixes with hot semicoke solid thermal carriers according to mass ratio, described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are that temperature is the hot semicoke of 900 DEG C after high combustion value coal gas firing direct heating, the particle diameter of described hot semicoke is more than 1mm,
(2) then raw coal and described hot semicoke solid thermal carriers are together delivered in described rotary dry distillation stove and carry out destructive distillation, high-temperature flue gas is adopted to carry out indirect contact heating to described rotary dry distillation stove, the temperature controlling pyrolytic reaction is 580 DEG C, react 30 minutes, generate semicoke and raw gas, described semicoke temperature is 550 DEG C, wherein a part of hot semicoke carries out indirect or direct contact cooling, as semicoke finished product, , the hot semicoke of a part sieves, the particle diameter sieved out is that the hot semicoke of < 1mm carries out indirect or direct contact cooling as semicoke finished product, hot semicoke temperature after high combustion value coal gas firing direct heating of the particle diameter >=1mm sieved out is that the hot semicoke of 900 DEG C is delivered to gas retort opening for feed as solid thermal carriers, described raw gas is through dedusting and condensation, obtain coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
Experimental example
Technical analysis is carried out to the semicoke of the preparation in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1 and tar finished product, measures the parameter in described semicoke and tar finished product, to investigate the quality of described semicoke and tar finished product.
The technical analysis result of the raw coal in table 1 embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1
| Sequence number | Test item | Analytical results |
| 1 | Moisture Mad% | 21.5 |
| 2 | Ash content Ad% | 4.01 |
| 3 | Volatile matter Vdaf% | 53.15 |
| 4 | Fixed carbon | 48.36 |
| 5 | Dry base full sulphur St, d | 0.44 |
| 6 | Dry base hydrogen Hd | 5.98 |
| 7 | Dry base gross calorific value Qgr, d | 7106 |
| 8 | Net calorific value as received basis Qnet, v, ar | 5103 |
The technical analysis result of the semicoke of preparation in table 2 embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1
The tar analytical results of preparation in table 3 embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1
From the above results table 2 relatively, semicoke ash content prepared by low-rank coal distillation process of the present invention is lower, minimumly reach 5.19%, significantly improve the quality of semicoke finished product, be better than adopting in prior art semicoke finished product prepared by the hot semicoke solid thermal carriers of coal gas Direct Contact Heating, the best in quality of the semicoke finished product that the present invention adopts flue gas to prepare as the hot semicoke solid thermal carriers of Direct Contact Heating is described, obtains remarkable technique effect.
From the above results table 3 relatively, in tar prepared by low-rank coal distillation process of the present invention, ash oontent is lower, minimumly reach 0.43%, and the impurity such as toluene in tar is not tolerant, naphthalene content is lower, toluene is not tolerant minimumly reaches 2.43%, naphthalene content is minimum reaches 1.23%, significantly be better than tar prepared by the method in comparative example 1, illustrate that the present invention is by controlling the particle diameter of raw coal and the particle diameter of solid thermal carriers, greatly reduce the dust impurities in tar finished product, significantly improve the quality of tar, obtain significant technique effect.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly example being described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And thus the apparent change of extending out or variation be still among the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a low-rank coal distillation process, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The raw coal of drying and preheating is mixed with the thermal barrier after heating and carries out destructive distillation, pyrolysis produces hot semicoke and raw gas, the described hot semicoke of a part carries out cooling as semicoke finished product, the described hot semicoke of a part through temperature be 900-1200 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.2% and as described thermal barrier after not being the flue gas Direct Contact Heating of 0, described raw gas carries out purification and tar trapping, obtains coal gas finished product and tar finished product.
2. low-rank coal distillation process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the flue-gas temperature heated described hot semicoke is 1100 DEG C, oxygen level≤1.0%.
3. low-rank coal distillation process according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, also comprise: sieved by raw coal, and the particle diameter sieved out is that the raw coal of >3mm carries out destructive distillation; The hot semicoke that pyrolysis produces is sieved, the particle diameter sieved out is >=the hot semicoke of 4mm is as described thermal barrier.
4. the low-rank coal distillation process according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, the raw coal temperature after described drying and preheating is 180-240 DEG C.
5. the low-rank coal distillation process according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described raw coal and described thermal barrier is not less than 1:1.
6. a low-rank coal distillation system, drying machine (10) and externally heated retort oven (11) is connected with successively along operational path, upper externally heated retort oven first discharge port (111) arranged of described externally heated retort oven (11) is connected with cold burnt system, and upper raw gas outlet (113) arranged of described externally heated retort oven (11) is connected with gas purification and tar trapping system;
It is characterized in that, also comprise:
Thermal medium heater (12), the upper thermal medium heater opening for feed (121) arranged of described thermal medium heater (12) is connected with upper externally heated retort oven second discharge port (112) arranged of described externally heated retort oven (11), and the upper thermal medium heater discharge port (122) arranged of described thermal medium heater (12) is connected with the upper externally heated retort oven opening for feed (114) arranged of described externally heated retort oven (11);
Hotblast stove (13), the upper hotblast stove air outlet (133) arranged of described hotblast stove (13) is connected with the upper thermal medium heater inlet mouth (123) arranged of described thermal medium heater (12), the upper thermal medium heater air outlet (124) arranged of described thermal medium heater (12) is connected with the inlet end of some fume pipes (115) that described externally heated retort oven (11) sidewall is arranged, and the outlet side of described fume pipe (115) is connected with the upper hotblast stove inlet mouth (132) arranged of described hotblast stove (13).
7. low-rank coal distillation system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the outlet side of described fume pipe (115) is connected with the upper drying machine inlet mouth (103) arranged of described drying machine (10), and the upper drying machine air outlet (104) arranged of described drying machine (10) is connected with fly-ash separator.
8. the low-rank coal distillation system according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, the rough coal mouth that the drying machine opening for feed (101) of the upper setting of described drying machine (10) and the upper hotblast stove opening for feed (131) arranged of described hotblast stove (13) are above arranged with vibratory screening apparatus (14) respectively and duff mouth are connected; Described externally heated retort oven (11) is provided with trommel screen (15), the upper thin Jiao Kou arranged of described trommel screen (15) is connected with described cold burnt system and described thermal medium heater opening for feed (121) respectively with thick Jiao Kou.
9. low-rank coal distillation system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described externally heated retort oven (11) side-wall outer side is arranged with external jacket, described external jacket is communicated with described fume pipe (115), forms exhaust gases passes between described externally heated retort oven (11) and described external jacket.
10. the low-rank coal distillation system according to claim 6 or 7 or 9, is characterized in that, described externally heated retort oven opening for feed (114) is provided with duplex feeder (17).
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