CN105384161A - Preparation method and application of graded porous carbon material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of graded porous carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105384161A CN105384161A CN201510815456.8A CN201510815456A CN105384161A CN 105384161 A CN105384161 A CN 105384161A CN 201510815456 A CN201510815456 A CN 201510815456A CN 105384161 A CN105384161 A CN 105384161A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a graded porous carbon material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sufficiently grinding a reaction raw material, obtaining a carbon precursor material having a core-shell structure by virtue of solid-phase reaction, carbonizing the carbon precursor material in one step at high temperature in an inert atmosphere, and removing a template to obtain the graded porous carbon material. The prepared graded porous carbon material is large in specific surface area and has an adjustable micropore-mesoporous graded porous structure; when being applied to the fields such as super-capacitors and lithium-sulfur batteries, the graded porous carbon material is excellent in electrochemical properties. The method is simple in process, environment-friendly and capable of realizing low-cost large-scale preparation of the graded porous carbon material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nano material and technical field of electrochemistry, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of classifying porous carbon material.
Background technology
Classifying porous carbon material has the plurality of advantages such as large specific surface area, the pore structure of classification, excellent electron conduction, chemical stability and thermostability.Graded porous carbon materials application can ensure the volumetric expansion of charge and discharge process intermediate ion fast transport in the electrodes, buffer electrode material and the dissolving of inhibit activities material when electrochemical energy storing device electrode, therefore has important using value in electrochemical energy storing device fields such as ultracapacitor, lithium-sulfur cell, lithium ion battery, lithium-air battery, fuel cells and receives and pay close attention to widely.
At present, the method preparing classifying porous carbon material comprises activation method and template.What report was at most and the most ripe is chemical activation method, chemical activation method prepares classifying porous carbon material, usually high-temperature calcination after different carbon matrix precursor and activator (being generally potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide etc.) fully being mixed, can prepare the classifying porous carbon material of Different Pore Structures by the regulation and control of the selection of carbon matrix precursor, soak time and activation temperature.Chinese patent CN102107863A(publication date 2011.6.29) with biomass fish scale be presoma, potassium hydroxide to have prepared for activator and had classifying porous carbon material, its specific surface area can reach 1000 ~ 2300m
2g
-1, pore size distribution range is 2 ~ 30nm.But chemical activation is difficult to realize the pattern of classifying porous carbon material, the Effective Regulation of pore size distribution.During as energy storage device electrode material, electrolyte ion cannot fully infiltrate, and is therefore difficult to the effective utilization realizing specific surface.In addition, adopt chemical activation method to prepare graded porous carbon materials process too loaded down with trivial details, need to use the activator with severe corrosive, this can increase production cost undoubtedly.Template passes through the self-assembly of carbon matrix precursor material and template, then obtains classifying porous carbon material through steps such as high temperature cabonization, template removings.Can realize the finely regulating to carbon material pattern and duct by the pattern and size regulating and controlling template, conventional template has polystyrene spheres, polystyrene opal, silicon-dioxide opal, nano SiO 2 particle etc.WuLimin(Chem.Mater., 2010,22,3433 – 3440) etc. people adopt polymer microballoon opal, nano SiO 2 particle to be template, sucrose is that carbon source has prepared the porous carbon materials with hierarchy.But the preparation process of the templates such as polymkeric substance opal, nano SiO 2 particle is loaded down with trivial details, extremely not easily prepares porous carbon materials on a large scale.In addition, chemical activation and template all need tedious steps such as cleaning product, dry, are very unfavorable for suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of classifying porous carbon material, and the method is based on solid state reaction and certainly sacrifices template.The method technique is simple, environmental friendliness, without the need to using solvent, without the need to using after any activator, high temperature cabonization without the need to cleaning, can realizing graded porous carbon material low cost, preparing on a large scale in preparation process; Further, the regulation and control by regulating the pattern of the ratio of raw material, ball milling condition, material oxidation zinc or zinc hydroxide can realize carbon material pore structure and pattern.Prepared classifying porous carbon material all has great using value in ultracapacitor, lithium sulphur battery electrode.
Specifically comprise the following steps: take the first raw material and the second raw material in proportion, described first raw material and the second raw material prepare the persursor material with nucleocapsid structure by high-energy ball milling to carry out solid state reaction; The persursor material obtained is carried out carbonization under protection of inert gas, temperature from ambient is incubated 1 ~ 10h after being raised to 200oC, then is warmed up to 900 ~ 1200oC, insulation 5 ~ 24h, temperature rise rate is 1 ~ 10oC/min, and namely Temperature fall obtains classifying porous carbon material to room temperature; When the mixture of the first raw material and the second raw material carries out ball milling, be cross-linked zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide or the zinc subcarbonate generation solid state reaction in small molecules and the first raw material, generate the organometallics containing zinc at its surface in situ, thus obtain the carbon matrix precursor material with nucleocapsid structure.In high temperature cabonization process, organometallics shell can be converted to agraphitic carbon and zinc oxide.When temperature raises further, zinc oxide and core generation carbothermic reduction form microporous carbon and metallic zinc, and when temperature arrives boiling point (907oC) of zinc, metallic zinc is volatilized gradually and left in carbon material inside abundant mesoporous, thus forms graded porous structure.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described first raw material and the second raw material carry out solid state reaction by high energy ball mill method, and ball milling condition is ball milling 4 ~ 48h under the rotating speed of 100 ~ 400 revs/min.
Another kind of improvement, the mol ratio of described first raw material and the second raw material is 2:1 ~ 1:16.By changing the feed ratio of the first raw material and the second raw material, can to regulate and control the first converting feedstock be metal-organic ratio to Ball-milling Time, the i.e. thickness of nucleocapsid structure center, shell, thus realize the thickness of carbon wall in graded porous carbon and the regulation and control of inner mesoporous size.
Another kind of improvement, described zinc oxide comprises one or more in Zinc oxide nanoparticle, zinc oxide nano rod, Zinc oxide nano sheet, zinc oxide nano array, zinc oxide micrometer particle; Described zinc hydroxide comprises one or more in zinc hydroxide nano particle, zinc hydroxide nanometer rod, zinc hydroxide nanometer sheet, zinc hydroxide nano-array; The described matrix material containing zinc oxide comprises one or more in zinc oxide/carbon composite, zinc oxide/conducting polymer composite material, zinc oxide/biomass composite, zinc oxide/polyacrylonitrile matrix material, zinc oxide/polyacrylonitrile matrix material, zinc oxide phenolic resin composite; The described matrix material containing zinc oxide comprises one or more in zinc hydroxide/carbon composite, zinc hydroxide/conducting polymer composite material, zinc hydroxide/biomass composite, zinc oxide/hydroxide matrix material, zinc hydroxide/polyacrylonitrile matrix material, zinc hydroxide phenolic resin composite.
Another kind of improvement, described imidazoles organic molecule comprises one or more in imidazoles, 1-Methylimidazole, glyoxal ethyline, 1-ethyl imidazol(e), benzoglyoxaline; Described benzoic acids molecule comprises one or more in phenylformic acid, terephthalic acid, the amino terephthalic acid of 1-, the amino terephthalic acid of 2-; Described many alkanol molecules comprise Virahol, glycerol.By selecting containing heteroatomic second raw material, the classifying porous carbon material of Heteroatom doping can be prepared.
Another kind of improvement, described rare gas element is N
2, one or more in Ar, He.
Another kind of improve, the zinc oxide included by described first raw material, zinc hydroxide, zinc subcarbonate, the matrix material containing zinc oxide, the matrix material containing zinc hydroxide, composite gauge containing zinc subcarbonate is different, pattern is also different.Select the first raw material of different-shape can prepare the classifying porous carbon material of different-shape.
Graded porous carbon materials application prepared by the preparation method of the classifying porous carbon material of technique scheme is in electrode material for super capacitor, lithium sulphur battery electrode.
The preparation method of the classifying porous carbon material of the present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) simple, the environmental friendliness of the inventive method technique, prepare in presoma process without the need to using solvent, carbonization process without the need to using after any activator, carbonization without the need to cleaning, drying step, greatly simplifie the preparation flow of classifying porous carbon material, graded porous carbon material low cost can be realized, prepare on a large scale.
(2) the inventive method can by the regulation and control changing reaction raw materials ratio, preparation condition realizes the pore structure of classifying porous carbon material.By the classifying porous carbon material selecting the first raw material of different-shape can obtain different-shape.Select the classifying porous carbon material can preparing Heteroatom doping containing heteroatomic second raw material.
(3) the classifying porous carbon material that prepared by the inventive method has that classification pore passage structure, specific surface area are large, electroconductibility advantages of higher, during as ultracapacitor, lithium sulphur battery electrode material, shows excellent chemical property, has good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffracting spectrum of carbon matrix precursor prepared by embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffracting spectrum of graded porous carbon prepared by embodiment one;
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope photo of graded porous carbon prepared by embodiment one;
Fig. 4 is (a) N of graded porous carbon prepared by embodiment one
2adsorption desorption curve and (b) graph of pore diameter distribution;
Fig. 5 is the high rate performance curve of graded porous carbon application of electrode when the electrode of super capacitor prepared according to embodiment three;
Fig. 6 is the cycle life figure of the graded porous carbon/sulfur electrode prepared according to embodiment four when being applied to lithium sulfur battery anode material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment one
Take 810mg Zinc oxide nanoparticle (the first raw material) and 1.64g2-Methylimidazole (the second raw material), under the rotating speed of 200 revs/min, namely ball milling 8h obtains the persursor material of carbon.By persursor material at N
2under protection of inert gas, after 200oC is incubated 2h, calcines 10h at 950oC, namely obtains the classifying porous carbon material of N doping.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the XRD figure spectrum of the persursor material that embodiment 1 obtains.Product after XRD figure spectrum display ball milling is the matrix material of ZIF-8 and zinc oxide, shows that partial oxidation zinc changes ZIF-8 into.And be compared to raw material, in persursor material, the intensity of the diffraction peak of zinc oxide obviously dies down, peak width at half height increases, and confirms that partial oxidation zinc changes ZIF-8 into further, thus forms nucleocapsid structure.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the XRD figure spectrum of the classification carbon material obtained after embodiment 1 carbonization.In XRD figure spectrum display carbon material, not zinc oxide or metallic zinc is residual, is pure carbon material, further illustrates the inventive method and prepare classifying porous carbon material without the need to washing, drying step.
The transmission electron microscope photo of the classifying porous material that accompanying drawing 3 obtains for embodiment 1.It is obvious graded porous structure that photo shows the classifying porous carbon material obtained, and it is mesoporous that carbon material inside has zinc oxide template to cause, and hole size is about 10 ~ 30nm.
The adsorption desorption curve of the classifying porous material that accompanying drawing 4 obtains for embodiment 1 and graph of pore diameter distribution.Its BET specific surface area is 838m
2g
-1, pore volume is 0.76cm
3g
-1.Graph of pore diameter distribution surface carbon material main manifestations is microvoid structure.In conjunction with TEM photo, the carbon material prepared by the present invention is graded porous structure.
Embodiment two
Take 810mg zinc oxide (the first raw material) and 0.41g2-Methylimidazole (the second raw material), ball milling 8h under the rotating speed of 200 revs/min, then at N
2under protection of inert gas, be incubated after 2h and calcine 10h at 950oC, can obtain classifying porous carbon material at 200oC, the productive rate of graded porous carbon is lower than than embodiment 1.
Embodiment three
Take 810mg zinc oxide (the first raw material) and 13.12g2-Methylimidazole (the second raw material), ball milling 8h under the rotating speed of 200 revs/min, then at N
2under protection of inert gas, be incubated after 2h and calcine 10h at 950oC, can obtain classifying porous carbon material at 200oC, the productive rate of graded porous carbon is higher than than embodiment 1.
Embodiment four
Take 810mg zinc oxide (the first raw material) and 1.64g2-Methylimidazole (the second raw material), ball milling 4h under the rotating speed of 200 revs/min, then at N
2under protection of inert gas, after 200oC is incubated 2h, calcines 10h at 950oC, classifying porous carbon material can be obtained.The productive rate of graded porous carbon is lower than than embodiment 1.
Embodiment five
Take 810mg zinc oxide (the first raw material) and 1.64g2-Methylimidazole (the second raw material), ball milling 48h under the rotating speed of 200 revs/min, then at N
2under protection of inert gas, after 200oC is incubated 2h, calcines 10h at 950oC, classifying porous carbon material can be obtained.The productive rate of graded porous carbon is higher than than embodiment 1.
Embodiment six
Take 342mg alkaline carbonic acid zinc (the first raw material) and 1.64g2-Methylimidazole (the second raw material), ball milling 48h under the rotating speed of 200 revs/min, then at N
2under protection of inert gas, after 200oC is incubated 2h, calcines 10h at 950oC, classifying porous carbon material can be obtained equally.
Embodiment seven
The application of classifying porous carbon material in electrode material for super capacitor: the classifying porous carbon material prepared according to embodiment 1.By graded porous carbon, graphitized carbon black, tetrafluoroethylene in mass ratio 85:10:5 mix, be modulated into paste with distilled water, be applied on nickel foam collector, 10Mpa pressure dry through 60oC rolls.Employing three-electrode system is tested, and saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode, platinum plate electrode is to electrode, using 6MKOH as ionogen, carries out electrochemical property test.Fig. 3 is the specific storage of classifying porous carbon material under different current density, and graded porous carbon shows high specific storage and the high rate performance of excellence.At 0.5Ag
-1current density under, its specific storage reaches 280Fg
-1, and when current density is increased to 20Ag
-1time, specific energy still can remain on 134Fg
-1.
Embodiment eight
Utilize classifying porous carbon material supported elemental sulfur and the application of graded porous carbon in lithium sulfur battery anode material: prepare classifying porous carbon material according to embodiment 1.Take the classifying porous carbon material of 40mg and 60mg elemental sulfur powder fully grinds in agate mortar, then the powder after grinding is loaded in the reaction vessel of sealing, keep 10 hours in 155oC, naturally cool to room temperature, obtain the classifying porous carbon material of sulfur loaded, called after graded porous carbon/sulphur.Prepared graded porous carbon/sulphur matrix material is selected to prepare lithium battery anode, according to level graded porous carbon/sulphur: graphitized carbon black: polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (PVDF)=80:10:10 (mass ratio) is prepared into electrode.Be that negative pole is assembled into 2016 button cells with metallic lithium, electrolytic solution component adopts DOL:DME=1:1,1MLiTFSI as lithium salts, 0.1MLiNO
3additive.The electric current of constant current charge-discharge test is 0.5C (837mAg
-1), voltage range is 1.7 ~ 3V (vsLi
+/ Li).Fig. 6 is the cycle life curve of graded porous carbon/sulfur electrode material.As can be seen from the figure, the loading capacity first of graded porous carbon/sulfur electrode is 1047mAhg
-1, after circulation 50 circle, its specific storage still remains on 603mAhg
-1, and there is high coulombic efficiency.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., such as solid state reaction condition, reactant species, reactant ratio, calcination condition etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in the claims in the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a classifying porous carbon material, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: take the first raw material and the second raw material in proportion, described first raw material and the second raw material prepare the carbon matrix precursor material with nucleocapsid structure by high-energy ball milling to carry out solid state reaction; The persursor material obtained is carried out carbonization under protection of inert gas, temperature from ambient is incubated 1 ~ 10h after being raised to 200oC, then is warmed up to 900 ~ 1200oC, insulation 5 ~ 24h, temperature rise rate is 1 ~ 10oC/min, and namely Temperature fall obtains classifying porous carbon material to room temperature; Described first raw material comprise zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc subcarbonate, the matrix material containing zinc oxide, the matrix material containing zinc hydroxide, containing one or more in the matrix material of zinc subcarbonate; Described second raw material comprises one or more in imidazole derivative, benzoic acids molecule, many alkanol molecules.
2. the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first raw material and the second raw material carry out solid state reaction by high energy ball mill method, and ball milling condition is ball milling 4 ~ 48h under the rotating speed of 100 ~ 400 revs/min.
3. the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described first raw material and the second raw material is 2:1 ~ 1:16.
4. the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described zinc oxide comprises one or more in Zinc oxide nanoparticle, zinc oxide nano rod, Zinc oxide nano sheet, zinc oxide nano array, zinc oxide micrometer particle; Described zinc hydroxide comprises one or more in zinc hydroxide nano particle, zinc hydroxide nanometer rod, zinc hydroxide nanometer sheet, zinc hydroxide nano-array; The described matrix material containing zinc oxide comprises one or more in zinc oxide/carbon composite, zinc oxide/conducting polymer composite material, zinc oxide/biomass composite, zinc oxide/polyacrylonitrile matrix material, zinc oxide/polyacrylonitrile matrix material, zinc oxide/phenolic resin composite; The described matrix material containing zinc oxide comprises one or more in zinc hydroxide/carbon composite, zinc hydroxide/conducting polymer composite material, zinc hydroxide/biomass composite, zinc oxide/hydroxide matrix material, zinc hydroxide/polyacrylonitrile matrix material, zinc hydroxide phenolic resin composite.
5. the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described imidazoles organic molecule comprises one or more in imidazoles, 1-Methylimidazole, glyoxal ethyline, 1-ethyl imidazol(e), benzoglyoxaline; Described benzoic acids molecule comprises one or more in phenylformic acid, terephthalic acid, the amino terephthalic acid of 1-, the amino terephthalic acid of 2-; Described many alkanol molecules comprise Virahol, glycerol.
6. the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rare gas element is N
2, one or more in Ar, He.
7. the preparation method of classifying porous carbon material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the zinc oxide included by described first raw material, zinc hydroxide, zinc subcarbonate, the matrix material containing zinc oxide, the matrix material containing zinc hydroxide, composite gauge containing zinc subcarbonate is different, pattern is also different.
8. the graded porous carbon materials application preparation method of the classifying porous carbon material described in claim 1 to 7 prepared is in electrode material for super capacitor, lithium sulphur battery electrode.
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| CN105819424A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-08-03 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of porous carbon material |
| CN106784687A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 厦门大学 | A kind of carbon nitrogen compound hollow material and its preparation method and application |
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