CN105363043A - RGD-labeled fluorescent gold nano-cluster preparation method - Google Patents

RGD-labeled fluorescent gold nano-cluster preparation method Download PDF

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CN105363043A
CN105363043A CN201410389874.0A CN201410389874A CN105363043A CN 105363043 A CN105363043 A CN 105363043A CN 201410389874 A CN201410389874 A CN 201410389874A CN 105363043 A CN105363043 A CN 105363043A
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rgd
auncs
bsa
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屈晓超
李奕辰
李蕾
王彦然
梁敬宁
梁继民
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a RGD-labeled fluorescent gold nano-cluster preparation method, which comprises: preparing gold nanoparticles with a particle size of less than 2 nm by using a BSA method; and carrying out an amidation reaction on the prepared gold nano-cluster and RGD having amino to obtain the RGD-labeled fluorescent gold nano-clusters. According to the present invention, the obtained gold nano-cluster (Au Nanoclusters, AuNCs) is the novel precious metal fluorescent nanometer material, and has characteristics of simple preparation conditions, simple preparation steps, near-infrared light emitting under a visible light source, small particle size, good monodispersity, good stability, low toxic-side effect, high safety, stable fluorescent property, and high CT imaging contrast resolution; a small amount of expression of integrin [alpha]v[beat]3 exists in most normal tissues and mature vascular endothelial cells while the over-expression of the integrin [alpha]v[beat]3 exists in a variety of cancer cells and neovessel endothelial cells, and the ligand is called RGD polypeptide sequence; and the RGD is selected as the targeting molecule, and the AuNCs and the RGD polypeptide sequence are conjugated to prepare the RGD-labeled fluorescent gold nano-cluster RGD-AuNCs@BSA.

Description

A kind of preparation method of fluorogold nano-cluster of RGD labelling
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for fluorescence/CT double-mode imaging and can the preparation method of nanometer formulation of targets neoplastic cells, relate to this kind of composite multi-functional nanoparticle further as the application at biomedical sector of fluorescent probe and CT image-forming contrast medium.
Background technology
In order to improve the Diagnosis and Treat effect of tumor, target tumor imaging and medicine transmission become important medical procedure.
CT imaging utilizes different tissues or organ due to self different density and thickness, to X-ray generation attenuation in various degree, form the grey-tone image contrast distribution figure of different tissues or organ, thus judge the medical imaging procedure of the state of an illness with the change of the relative position of focus, shape and size etc.CT imaging technique has that spatial resolution is high, image acquisition time is short, can the advantage of overall imaging, be a kind of medical diagnosis on disease imaging pattern the most general.But the CT imaging technique part that also comes with some shortcomings needs solution badly, there is the problems such as radioactive radiation as in, testing process poor to soft tissue resolution.This just needs to use CT contrast agent to improve the resolution of lesions position, and the CT contrast agent used clinically is at present mainly such as, containing iodine micromolecular compound, amidotrizoic acid and iohexol etc.Human kidney clears up effect fast to having containing iodine micromolecular compound, makes this contrast agent only have very short imaging time, and it also has certain toxic and side effects to kidney.CT contrast agent based on nano-particle can solve the problem, and it can extend imaging time effectively, and the toxic and side effects for kidney is little, and contrasting effects is good.
Fluorescence imaging is a kind of visual inspection technology of directly perceived, original position, for detecting tumor and carrying out spike to nucleus medicine.Compare with other imagings, it more cheaply, more safety and can evanescent light according under fast imaging.These advantages can be convenient to identify tumor in operation process, monitor in real time therapeutic process.But due to light scattering, the absorption to light such as melanin, hemoglobin and water in body, self-luminous formation background is organized to disturb, cause utilizing the penetrance of the fluorescence imaging of ultraviolet-visible to tissue poor, the signal to noise ratio of imaging signal reduces, thus the image obtained only can arrive lower tens microns of epidermis, and and unintelligible.Imaging-PAM based on near-infrared nano-probe can obtain more deep layer living body fluorescent image more clearly, has that ambient interferences is low, little to cell injury, sample penetration is strong, detection sensitivity advantages of higher, shows better application prospect.
First, novel metal nano-cluster (Au, Ag and Pt etc.) is made up of to about 100 atoms several, is the bridge block connecting atom and nanoparticle.Wherein, the particle diameter major part of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) is all less than 2nm, because the size of nano-cluster is close to electronics Fermi wavelength, makes the Continuous Energy intensity of state resolve into discrete energy level, result in optics and the electrochemical properties of its uniqueness.This ultra-small grain size also imparts its characteristic being different from Conventional nano particle and organic fluorescent dye, the such as strong characteristics of luminescence, large Stokes shift, high emissivity and good light stability more.Be different from the fluorescence quantum (QDs) be made up of the heavy metal particles of bio-toxicity, gold nanoclusters can be obtained by easy water solublity method, can combine with different bio-ligands, thus as biocompatible fluorescent group, be widely used in the aspects such as biomarker.Metal nanometre cluster, as a kind of nano material with ultra-small grain size, hypotoxicity, distinct optical and physicochemical property, is desirable target tumor imaging fluorescent nano material.Meanwhile, current CT contrast agent mostly based on iodine (atomic number=53), half-life very short (<10min) in its blood, and atom number also can affect its CT contrasting effects.Because can not be coupled with biomarker, diodone does not have selectively targeted effect to tumor, and the cleaning effect of kidney also makes its imaging time very short.In sum, a kind of novel CT contrast agent of necessary exploitation.Gold nanoclusters has very large X-ray absorption coefficient, is used to the ideal chose doing CT contrast agent.Therefore, based on the tumor locus fluorescence/CT double-mode imaging of gold nanoclusters, can effectively detect early cancer's tissue and tumor in situ form size etc.
In order to can more effectively realize gold nanoclusters in body diagnosing tumor or treatment, it is necessary for selecting a kind of suitable bio-ligand to make gold nanoclusters optionally can be passed to tumor cell.α vβ 3integrin is the specific marker thing of overexpression in a kind of endotheliocyte activating and breed, and is often considered to the mark of malignant tumor.Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) is a seed amino acid short data records, can targeting α vβ 3integrin receptor.Ring rgd peptide has better resistance to Proteolytic enzyme, and has better affinity to target.In the present invention, we are by RGD and AuNCs covalent bond, then carry out cancer target optics/CT double-mode imaging with the AuNCs of RGD labelling.
Current major part all only relate to the Synthesis and applications of golden nanometer particle or gold nanoclusters about the patent of gold nano-material.As, Chinese invention patent " stablize the formation method of gold nanoclusters, containing compositions and the goods of stablizing gold nanoclusters " (CN102150034A) disclose gold nanoclusters formation method and for measure mercury ion existence in the sample to which whether with the assay method of concentration; It is the preparation method that 1.5 ± 0.2nm has the water-soluble gold nano cluster of polymolecularity that Chinese invention patent " preparation method of water-soluble gold nano cluster " (CN101406961A) discloses a kind of particle diameter; Chinese invention patent " the fluorogold nano-cluster magnetic resonance of paramagnetic metal complex functionalization and fluorescence imaging contrast agent " (CN102366632A) discloses a kind of magnetic resonance of fluorogold nano-cluster and fluorescence imaging contrast agent of paramagnetic metal complex functionalization; Chinese invention patent " a kind of preparation method of fluorogold nano-cluster of fluorescent probe folic acid functionalization " (CN103627386A) discloses a kind of folic acid that utilizes as the method for the fluorogold nano-cluster of reducing agent synthesis folic acid functionalization.And the technique of the fluorogold nano-cluster of RGD labelling prepared by the present invention yet there are no relevant report, especially have no report by a kind of method doing the fluorescent nano probe of targeting part with RGD.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of fluorogold nano-cluster (RGD-AuNCs@BSA) of RGD targets neoplastic cells, it is high that the gold nanoclusters that the method is prepared has fluorescent emission efficiency, good biocompatibility, the little and targets neoplastic cells efficiency advantages of higher of cytotoxicity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of near-infrared fluorescence imaging probe.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of CT contrast agent of high-resolution ct imaging.
For reaching the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved:
Step 1, the preparation method of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Step 1.1, measuring mass fraction is 1% chlorauric acid solution 1.7mL, adds 3.3mL deionized water, obtains 5mL, 10mM chlorauric acid solution, vigorous stirring;
Step 1.2, takes 250mgBSA, is dissolved in 5mL deionized water, obtains 5mL, 50mgmL -1bSA solution;
Step 1.3, takes 20mgNaOH, is dissolved in 0.5mL deionized water, obtains 1MNaOH aqueous solution;
Step 1.4, adds the chlorauric acid solution of vigorous stirring by BSA solution, temperature control 37 DEG C, Keep agitation 30 minutes;
Step 1.5, adds NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5-5mL) in above-mentioned mixed liquor;
Step 1.6, continuing vigorous stirs above-mentioned reactant, temperature control 37 DEG C, persistent period 12-24h;
Step 1.7, is cooled to room temperature by the product obtained, and put in regenerated fiber bag filter, extracellular fluid dialysis water, is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerators the 12-48h that dialyses;
Step 1.8, the super filter tube of the solution 10kDa after dialysis centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), obtains 4mL fluorogold nano-cluster;
Step 2, the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Step 2.1, get 2mL ultrafiltration centrifugal after gold nanoclusters be added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), add 40-60mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min;
Step 2.2, adds the NHS of 30-50mg, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h;
Step 2.3, pours c (RGDfk) solution (1-10mL, 4mgmL in mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12-24h;
Step 2.4, reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
It should be noted that, described in step 1.5, the volume of NaOH solution is 0.5-5mL; Stirring persistent period 12-24h described in step 1.6; Duration of dialysing described in step 1.7 is 12-48h; Activation AuNCs described in step 2.1 EDC used is 40-60mg; Activation AuNCs described in step 2.2 NHS used is 30-50mg; C (RGDyK) solution addition described in step 2.3 is 1-10mL; After activation described in step 2.3, AuNCs and the RGD response time is 12-24h; The α of the RGD target tumor blood vessel on gold nanoclusters surface in step 2 vβ 3receptor, carries out specific binding to tumor.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following significantly beneficial effect:
The simple synthetic method arrived involved in the present invention is easy to operate, and it is little that nanoparticle has particle diameter, and cytotoxicity is low, the characteristic that targeting is good.
Nano-probe synthesized by the present invention has stable fluorescent characteristic and good CT contrast characteristics simultaneously.
Nano-probe synthesized by the present invention can the functional group of the multiple kind of compound on its surface, for biomedical applications provides the preparation method of multiple multi-functional composite nanoparticle.
Nano-probe synthesized by the present invention has important using value, especially in tumor and soft-tissue imaging and treatment, shows good application prospect and economic worth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the Principle of Process figure of the gold nanoclusters of preparation RGD labelling.Know that synthetic method involved in the present invention is simple to operation by figure.
The transmission electron microscope picture of the gold nanoclusters of Fig. 2 obtained by example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy figure that the made gold nanoclusters of example 5 of the present invention and example 8 and RGD modify gold nanoclusters.
Fig. 4 is the fluorescent emission collection of illustrative plates that the made gold nanoclusters of example 5 of the present invention and example 8 and RGD modify gold nanoclusters.As seen from the figure, peak value is had to move by the gold nanoclusters fluorescence spectrum after RGD labelling.
Fig. 5 is the Zeta electric potential comparison diagram that the made gold nanoclusters of example 5 of the present invention and example 8 and RGD modify the different time points of gold nanoclusters.As seen from the figure, the gold nanoclusters Zeta electric potential of RGD labelling rises.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Prepare aqueous solution of chloraurate (10mM, 5mL) and BSA aqueous solution (50mgmL respectively -1, 5mL); Aqueous solution of chloraurate is added in BSA aqueous solution, 37 degrees Celsius of lower constant temperature vigorous stirring 30 minutes; Preparation NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5mL), adds in gold chloride BSA mixed solution, Keep agitation 12h at 37 DEG C after 30 minutes; Reacted product is dialysed 12h in deionized water, then uses 10kDa super filter tube centrifugal.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Prepare aqueous solution of chloraurate (10mM, 5mL) and BSA aqueous solution (50mgmL respectively -1, 5mL); Aqueous solution of chloraurate is added in BSA aqueous solution, 37 degrees Celsius of lower constant temperature vigorous stirring 30 minutes; Preparation NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5mL), adds in gold chloride BSA mixed solution, Keep agitation 16h at 37 DEG C after 30 minutes; Reacted product is dialysed 12h in deionized water, then uses 10kDa super filter tube centrifugal.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Prepare aqueous solution of chloraurate (10mM, 5mL) and BSA aqueous solution (50mgmL respectively -1, 5mL); Aqueous solution of chloraurate is added in BSA aqueous solution, 37 degrees Celsius of lower constant temperature vigorous stirring 30 minutes; Preparation NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5mL), adds in gold chloride BSA mixed solution, Keep agitation 24h at 37 DEG C after 30 minutes; Reacted product is dialysed 12h in deionized water, then uses 10kDa super filter tube centrifugal.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Prepare aqueous solution of chloraurate (10mM, 5mL) and BSA aqueous solution (50mgmL respectively -1, 5mL); Aqueous solution of chloraurate is added in BSA aqueous solution, 37 degrees Celsius of lower constant temperature vigorous stirring 30 minutes; Preparation NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5mL), adds in gold chloride BSA mixed solution, Keep agitation 24h at 37 DEG C after 30 minutes; Reacted product is dialysed 24h in deionized water, then uses 10kDa super filter tube centrifugal.
Embodiment 5
The preparation of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Prepare aqueous solution of chloraurate (10mM, 5mL) and BSA aqueous solution (50mgmL respectively -1, 5mL); Aqueous solution of chloraurate is added in BSA aqueous solution, 37 degrees Celsius of lower constant temperature vigorous stirring 30 minutes; Preparation NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5mL), adds in gold chloride BSA mixed solution, Keep agitation 24h at 37 DEG C after 30 minutes; Reacted product is dialysed 48h in deionized water, then uses 10kDa super filter tube centrifugal.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 40mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 30mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (1mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 50mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 40mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (3mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 8
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 50mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 40mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (5mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 9
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 50mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 40mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (8mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 10
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 50mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 40mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (10mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 11
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 50mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 40mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (5mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 24h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 12
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 60mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 50mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (5mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
Embodiment 13
The preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Gold nanoclusters after centrifugal for 2mL ultrafiltration is added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), adds 60mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min; Then the NHS of 50mg is added, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h; C (RGDfk) solution (5mL, 4mgmL is poured in the most backward mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 24h; Reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method for the fluorogold nano-cluster of RGD labelling, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Step 1, the preparation method of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA):
Step 1.1, measures the chlorauric acid solution 1.7mL that mass fraction is 1%, adds 3.3mL deionized water, obtain 5mL, 10mM chlorauric acid solution, vigorous stirring;
Step 1.2, takes 250mgBSA, is dissolved in 5mL deionized water, obtains 5mL, 50mgmL -1bSA solution;
Step 1.3, takes 20mgNaOH, is dissolved in 0.5mL deionized water, obtains 1MNaOH aqueous solution;
Step 1.4, adds the chlorauric acid solution of vigorous stirring by BSA solution, temperature control 37 DEG C, Keep agitation 30 minutes;
Step 1.5, adds NaOH aqueous solution (1M, 0.5-5mL) in above-mentioned mixed liquor;
Step 1.6, continuing vigorous stirs above-mentioned reactant, temperature control 37 DEG C, persistent period 12-24h;
Step 1.7, is cooled to room temperature by the product obtained, and put in regenerated fiber bag filter, extracellular fluid dialysis water, is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerators the 12-48h that dialyses;
Step 1.8, the super filter tube of the solution 10kDa after dialysis centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), obtains 4mL fluorogold nano-cluster;
Step 2, the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA:
Step 2.1, get 2mL ultrafiltration centrifugal after gold nanoclusters be added in 8mLPBS buffer (PH=7.4,20mM), add 40-60mgEDC, under lucifuge condition room temperature, react 20min;
Step 2.2, adds the NHS of 30-50mg, in the dark vigorous stirring 1h;
Step 2.3, pours c (RGDfk) solution (1-10mL, 4mgmL in mixed liquor -1), stirred at ambient temperature reaction 12-24h;
Step 2.4, reaction afterproduct interception is the super filter tube of 10kDa centrifugal (3000 × g, 20min), and remove excess reactant, the product obtained is dissolved in 2mLPBS buffer (PH7.4,10mM).
2. the preparation method of gold nanoclusters according to claim 1 (AuNCs@BSA), is characterized in that, the volume of NaOH solution described in step 1.5 is 0.5-5mL.
3. gold nanoclusters according to claim 1 (AuNCs@BSA) preparation method, is characterized in that, the stirring persistent period 12-24h described in step 1.6.
4. the preparation method of gold nanoclusters according to claim 1 (AuNCs@BSA), it is characterized in that, duration of dialysing described in step 1.7 is 12-48h.
5. the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the EDC used of the activation AuNCs described in step 2.1 is 40-60mg.
6. the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the NHS used of the activation AuNCs described in step 2.2 is 30-50mg.
7. the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA according to claim 1, is characterized in that, c (RGDyK) the solution addition described in step 2.3 is 1-10mL.
8. the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after the activation described in step 2.3, AuNCs and the RGD response time is 12-24h.
9. the preparation method of RGD-AuNCs@BSA according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the α of the RGD target tumor blood vessel on gold nanoclusters surface in step 2 vβ 3receptor, carries out specific binding to tumor.
CN201410389874.0A 2014-08-08 2014-08-08 RGD-labeled fluorescent gold nano-cluster preparation method Pending CN105363043A (en)

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