CN105355776B - Electro-active material and preparation method thereof and the actuator using the electro-active material - Google Patents
Electro-active material and preparation method thereof and the actuator using the electro-active material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105355776B CN105355776B CN201510701094.XA CN201510701094A CN105355776B CN 105355776 B CN105355776 B CN 105355776B CN 201510701094 A CN201510701094 A CN 201510701094A CN 105355776 B CN105355776 B CN 105355776B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/09—Forming piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H10N30/092—Forming composite materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/852—Composite materials, e.g. having 1-3 or 2-2 type connectivity
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of electro-active material, including first material layer, second material layer and the adhesive layer between first material layer and second material layer, the first material layer, adhesive layer and second material layer are stacked, and first material layer is different from the thermal coefficient of expansion of second material layer, the first material layer is carbon nanotube paper, and the second material layer is thin polymer film.Curled electric actuator based on the electro-active material has the characteristics that preparation flow is simple, can prepare on a large scale the short time, has flexibility, and respond rapid, deformation amplitude is big, it can be achieved that the advantages that curling and deformation of the angle of bend more than 360 °, better than the same type actuator reported at present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electro-active material field, more particularly to electro-active material and preparation method thereof and use the electric actuation
The actuator of material.
Background technology
The operation principle of actuator is that other energy are converted to mechanical energy, realize this conversion pass through frequently with approach have
Three kinds：Electrostatic force, i.e. electrostatic drive are converted into by electrostatic field；Magnetic force, i.e. Magnetic driving are converted into by electromagnetic field；Utilize material
Thermal expansion or other thermal characteristics realize the conversion of energy, i.e. thermal drivers.
The actuator of electrostatic drive generally comprises the electric actuation elements of two electrodes and setting between two electrodes, its work
Make process to be injected separately into electric charge on two electrodes, using attracting each other between electric charge and repel, by controlling amount of charge
And electronegativity carrys out the relative motion of electric actuation elements between coordination electrode.But since electrostatic force is inversely proportional to distance between capacitor board
Square, therefore for the general electrostatic force only in electrode spacing very little just than more significant, the requirement of the distance makes the knot of the actuator
Structure design is complex.
The actuator of Magnetic driving generally comprises two magnetic poles and the electric actuation elements being arranged between two magnetic poles, its work
Be by magnetic field attract each other and repulsive interaction makes electric actuation elements between two magnetic poles produce opposite movement, but magnetic drives
The shortcomings that dynamic, is identical with electrostatic drive, i.e., since magnetic fields are limited in scope, cause electric actuation elements two surfaces must up and down
Less distance must be kept, the design requirement of the structure is stringent and also limit the application range of the actuator.
And the shortcomings that overcoming above-mentioned electrostatic drive and magnetic driven actuator using the actuator of thermal drivers, the actuator knot
As long as structure can ensure that obtaining certain thermal energy just can produce corresponding deformation, in addition, relative to electrostatic force and magnetic field force, heat is driven
Power is larger.The prior art discloses a kind of electrothermal actuator, refer to " micro- electrothermal actuator based on thermal expansion effects into
Exhibition ", peaceful etc. a, electronic device of rectifying, vol22, p162 (1999）.The electrothermal actuator is different using two panels thermal coefficient of expansion
Metal be combined into double-decker as electrostriction element, when be passed through electric current it is heated when, due to the thermal expansion amount of piece of metal
More than another, bimetal leaf will be bent to the small side of thermal expansion amount.However, since above-mentioned electro-active material uses metal knot
Structure, its flexibility is poor, causes whole electrothermal actuator thermal response speed slower.
Carbon-based material is the material to receive much attention in recent years, especially carbon nanotubes.Carbon nanotubes has many excellent
Performance, can be applied to numerous areas.Carbon nanotubes is the seamless hollow tube body being rolled into by graphite flake, due to electric in carbon nanotubes
The quantum confinement effect of son, electronics can only be in graphite flake along the axial movement of carbon nanotubes, therefore carbon nanotubes is shown
Unique electric property and thermal property.Research test result shows, the average conductivity of carbon nanotubes can reach 100~
2000S/m（Siemens/rice）.In addition, carbon nanotubes also has excellent mechanical property, e.g., higher intensity and modulus.
Carbon nanotube paper, as its name suggests, be by carbon nanotubes by some steps be prepared as film, sheet macroscopical material
Material.At present, the preparation method of carbon nanotube paper mainly including the selection of carbon nanotubes, solution system disperses, filters and drying forming
Etc. basic step.Due to needing first to disperse carbon nanotubes in the solution, carbon in the carbon nanotube paper obtained by the preparation method
The orientation of nanotube can not determine that the density of carbon nanotubes is relatively low in carbon nanotube paper, so as to leverage carbon nanotube paper
Performance, and be unfavorable for mass producing.A kind of preparation method of existing new carbon nanotube paper is can be from carbon nano-pipe array
Carbon nano-tube film is pulled out with dry method in row, is then stacked up film layer, that is, being formed has what is be arranged of preferred orient
Carbon nanotube paper.
The existing electric actuator based on carbon nanotubes still suffers from following shortcoming：
1st, required driving voltage is higher, it is still necessary to which tens volts of voltage is driven；
2nd, the response time is longer, it is necessary to the big tens seconds even minute orders of magnitude；
3rd, the mode of generally use in-situ polymerization prepares or needs solution to be aided in, and required time is longer, is unfavorable for work
Industry metaplasia is produced；
4th, the deformation quantity of actuator still needs to be further improved.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of flexible electro-active material and quick preparation
Method, and a kind of low voltage drive, thermal response speed are exceedingly fast, the electric actuator of large deformation.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of electro-active material, including first material layer, second material layer and positioned at first material layer and the second material
Adhesive layer between layer, the first material layer, adhesive layer and second material layer be stacked, and first material layer and the
The thermal coefficient of expansion of two material layers is different, and the first material layer is carbon nanotube paper, and the second material layer is polymer thin
Film.
The first material layer and second material layer are stacked by way of adhesive layer is using bonding, pressing.
The thickness of the first material layer is 0.1 μm~1mm, and the thickness of the second material layer is 1 μm~5mm, described
The thickness of adhesive layer 14 is 1 μm~0.5mm.
The carbon nanotube paper includes at least one layer of carbon nano-tube film.The carbon nano-tube film is received including multiple carbon
Mitron, the multiple carbon nanotubes are joined end to end by Van der Waals force, and the axial direction of the multiple carbon nanotubes is substantially along same side
To being arranged of preferred orient.
The binding agent of the adhesive layer is using optic-solidified adhesive, heat-curable glue, one kind in non-conductive solidification glue or two
The combination of the kind above.
The binding agent of the adhesive layer is polyvinyl alcohol, α-cyanoacrylate, acrylic glue, optic-solidified adhesive and heat
One or more of combinations in solidification glue.
The second material layer is Biaxially oriented polypropylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, silicon rubber, fluorine silicone rubber, poly- methyl-prop
E pioic acid methyl ester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyethyl acrylate, butyl polyacrylate, polyphenyl
One or more of combinations in ethene, polybutadiene and polyacrylonitrile.
The thermal coefficient of expansion of the carbon nanotube paper is less than the thermal coefficient of expansion of the thin polymer film
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of electro-active material, it comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Form one and first material layer is formed by carbon nanotube paper；
Step 2：Form a second material layer being made of the thin polymer film for having polymerize completion；
Step 3：Using as the binding agent uniform fold of adhesive layer in the second material layer that thin polymer film is formed；
Step 4：Used adhesive layer and bond, carbon nanotube paper is formed into first material layer with gathering by way of pressing
The second material layer stacked combination that compound film is formed is together.
The method for forming the thin polymer film is gathered including polycondensation reaction, poly- plus reaction, Raolical polymerizable, anion
Reaction and cationic polymerization are closed, choosing corresponding method according to the difference of second material layer polymer monomer species forms institute
State thin polymer film.
Method adhesive layer being evenly distributed in second material layer includes spin-coating method, czochralski method and semar technique.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of curled electric actuator, it includes one and uses the electro-active material, and at least 1 the
One electrode and an at least second electrode, an at least first electrode are arranged at intervals at the electric actuation with an at least second electrode
On material, and it is electrically connected with the electro-active material；
When the first electrode and second electrode are powered, the curled electric actuator is to the surface of carbon nanotube paper
Direction is bent.
The curled electric actuator realizes that angle of bend is more than 360 ° of coiled-type deformation.
The present invention uses above technical scheme, and the beneficial effect of the application is：Compared with prior art, the electricity
Actuating material has the following advantages：First, preparation flow is simple, the production time is short, can be prepared on a large scale with the short time；Second,
Using flexible polymer and carbon nanotube paper as main material so that the electric actuator has flexibility, and has carbon nanometer concurrently
Manage good electricity and mechanical property；Third, the electric actuator response is rapid, deformation amplitude is big, it can be achieved that angle of bend is big
In 360 ° of curling and deformation, performance is much better than the same type actuator reported at present.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is described in further details below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments；
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the electro-active material of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the curled electric actuator of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the actuation effect schematic diagram after the energization of the curled electric actuator of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
As shown in one of Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the present invention provides a kind of electro-active material 10, and the electro-active material 10 includes the
One material layer 13, adhesive layer 14 and second material layer 15.First material layer 13, adhesive layer 14, second material layer 15 have
Identical length and width, and they are stacked, first material layer is different from the thermal coefficient of expansion of second material layer.
The first material layer 13 is carbon nanotube paper.The carbon nanotube paper includes at least one layer of carbon nano-tube film, when
When affiliated carbon nanotube paper 13 includes multilayer carbon nanotube films, the number of plies of the carbon nano-tube film is unlimited, the plurality of carbon nanometer
Pipe film can be arranged side by side or be stacked, and film includes multiple carbon nanotubes, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes is substantially parallel to each other
And parallel to the surface of carbon nanotube paper.Specifically, multiple carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube paper pass through Van der Waals force head and the tail
It is connected, and the axial direction of the multiple carbon nanotubes is arranged of preferred orient in the same direction substantially.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the first material layer 13 can be 0.1 μm~1mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the carbon nanotube paper is 7 μm, is 400 layers comprising the carbon nano-tube film number of plies.
The binding agent of the adhesive layer 14 can be polyvinyl alcohol, α-cyanoacrylate, acrylic glue, photocuring
One or more of combinations in glue, heat-curable glue, non-conductive solidification glue etc., but it is not limited to these materials.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the adhesive layer 14 can be 1 μm~0.5mm.
Preferably, binding agent is acrylic glue, and thickness is 5 μm.
The second material layer 15 is polymer, can be Biaxially oriented polypropylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, silicon rubber, fluorine
It is silicon rubber, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyethyl acrylate, poly-
One or more of combinations in butyl acrylate, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyacrylonitrile etc., but it is not limited to these materials
Material.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the second material layer can be 1 μm~5mm.
Preferably, polymer is Biaxially oriented polypropylene, and thickness is 35 μm.
The thickness ratio of 13 carbon nanotube paper of first material layer and 15 thin polymer film of second material layer can be 1:2~1:
200, it is preferable that the thickness ratio is 1:5~1:10.
The preparation method of electro-active material 10 of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Form one and first material layer is formed by carbon nanotube paper；
Carbon nanotube paper as described in step 1, the method for preparing the carbon nanotube paper are given birth to chemical vapour deposition technique
Long carbon nano pipe array, then with the method for direct membrane, extracts carbon nano-tube film out, finally by carbon from carbon nano pipe array
Nano-tube film stacked in multi-layers gets up to obtain carbon nanotube paper.
Step 2：Form a second material layer being made of the thin polymer film for having polymerize completion；
Thin polymer film as described in step 2, forms the method for the thin polymer film according to second material layer polymer
The difference of monomeric species is divided into including polycondensation reaction, poly- plus reaction, Raolical polymerizable, anionic polymerisation or cation
Polymerisation.In the present embodiment, polypropylene film is formed using polycondensation reaction, then biaxial tension is carried out to polypropylene film,
Form bidirectional stretching polypropylene film.
Step 3：Using as the binding agent uniform fold of adhesive layer in the second material layer that thin polymer film is formed；
Adhesive layer as described in step 3, method adhesive layer being evenly distributed in second material layer include spin coating
Method, czochralski method, semar technique etc., but it is not only limited to the above method.In the present embodiment, it is using czochralski method that acrylic glue is uniform
It is covered on bidirectional stretching polypropylene film, forms adhesive layer.
Step 4：Used adhesive layer and bond, carbon nanotube paper is formed into first material layer with gathering by way of pressing
The second material layer stacked combination that compound film is formed is together.
The present invention provides a kind of curled electric actuator 100, it includes first electrode 11, second electrode 12 and described electroluminescent
Dynamic material 10.
The first electrode 11 is arranged at intervals with second electrode 12 and is fixed on the surface of first material layer 13.The present embodiment
Middle first electrode 11 is electrically connected with second electrode 12 with first material layer 13, for inputting foreign current to first material layer 13
In.
In the present embodiment, the first electrode 11, second electrode 12 can be bar-shaped, strip, bulk or other two dimensions
And 3D shape, the shape in its section can be circular, square, trapezoidal, triangle, polygon or other irregular shapes.Should
The material of first electrode 11 and second electrode 12 may be selected to be gold, silver, copper, copper alloy, platinum, platinum alloy, tellurium, steel, iron, zinc, tungsten,
Molybdenum, aluminium oxide, tin indium oxide, zinc oxide, electric conductive polymer, graphite or other conductive carbon materials, other can be used for solid
Conductive material etc..
Preferably, shape is strip, and material is copper.
In the present embodiment, the first electrode 11, the material of second electrode 12 is copper, and shape is strip, and width is
1mm, length 18mm, spacing 70mm；The first material layer 13 is carbon nanotube paper, length 70mm, width 18mm,
Thickness is 7 μm；The adhesive layer 14 is acrylic glue, and length 70mm, width 18mm, thickness is 5 μm；Second material
The polymer of the bed of material 15 is Biaxially oriented polypropylene, and length 70mm, width 18mm, thickness is 35 μm.
The curled electric actuator 100 is in use, voltage is put on by first electrode 11 and second electrode 12
The both ends of the first material layer 13 of the curled electric actuator 100, electric current can be transmitted by above-mentioned first material layer 13.By
It is high in 13 thermal conductivity of first material layer, and joule heating effect is so that the temperature of second material layer 15 quickly raises, heat from
Rapidly spread around the first material layer 13 to whole electric actuator, due to first material layer 13 and second material layer 15
Between thermal coefficient of expansion it is different so that the length of materials at two layers elongation is inconsistent, and 13 and second material of first material layer
The bed of material 15 is closely linked by adhesive layer, so will not be produced relative sliding by during thermal stretching, and because of the first material
The thermal coefficient of expansion of layer 13 is small, and then causes the curled electric actuator 100 to bend to 13 side of first material layer.
In addition, supply voltage is put on 100 both ends of curled electric actuator by the present embodiment by conducting wire, and to described
The deformation degree of curled electric actuator 100 measures.
In the present embodiment, when being not powered on, the initial bending angle of the curled electric actuator 100 is 21 °（Radius of curvature
For 0.06cm-1）；As shown in figure 3, applying 5 V DC voltages to it, after the time is 10 s, its angle of bend is 389 ° of (curvature half
Footpath is 1.03cm-1)；Angle of bend difference is more than 360 ° before and after energization, realizes curling and deformation.Compared to current same type electric actuation
The advantages that device, its deformation nature is especially excellent, fast response time, and has flexibility, frivolous, and the short time prepares on a large scale.
The preparation method of curled electric actuator 100 of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Form one and first material layer is formed by carbon nanotube paper；
Carbon nanotube paper as described in step 1, the method for preparing the carbon nanotube paper are given birth to chemical vapour deposition technique
Long carbon nano pipe array, then with the method for direct membrane, extracts carbon nano-tube film out, finally by carbon from carbon nano pipe array
Nano-tube film stacked in multi-layers gets up to obtain carbon nanotube paper.
Step 2：Form a second material layer being made of the thin polymer film for having polymerize completion；
Thin polymer film as described in step 2, forms the method for the thin polymer film according to second material layer polymer
The difference of monomeric species is divided into including polycondensation reaction, poly- plus reaction, Raolical polymerizable, anionic polymerisation or cation
Polymerisation.In the present embodiment, polypropylene film is formed using polycondensation reaction, then biaxial tension is carried out to polypropylene film,
Form bidirectional stretching polypropylene film.
Step 3：Using as the binding agent uniform fold of adhesive layer in the second material layer that thin polymer film is formed；
Adhesive layer as described in step 3, method adhesive layer being evenly distributed in second material layer include spin coating
Method, czochralski method, semar technique etc., but it is not only limited to the above method.In the present embodiment, it is using czochralski method that acrylic glue is uniform
It is covered on bidirectional stretching polypropylene film, forms adhesive layer.
Step 4：Used adhesive layer and bond, carbon nanotube paper is formed into first material layer with gathering by way of pressing
The second material layer stacked combination that compound film is formed is together.
Step 5：Two electrodes are combined to form curled electric actuator respectively with carbon nanotube paper with conducting resinl.
In addition, those skilled in the art can also do other changes in spirit of the invention, certainly, these are according to spirit of the invention
The change done, should all be included within scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. electro-active material, it is characterised in that：It includes first material layer, second material layer and positioned at first material layer Adhesive layer between second material layer, the first material layer, adhesive layer and second material layer are stacked, and first Material layer is different from the thermal coefficient of expansion of second material layer, and the first material layer is carbon nanotube paper, the second material layer For thin polymer film.
- 2. electro-active material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The first material layer and second material layer pass through Adhesive layer is stacked by the way of bonding, press；The thickness of the first material layer is 0.1 μm~1mm, described second The thickness of material layer is 1 μm~5mm, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 14 is 1 μm~0.5mm.
- 3. electro-active material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The carbon nanotube paper includes at least one layer of carbon Nano-tube film, the carbon nano-tube film include multiple carbon nanotubes, and the multiple carbon nanotubes passes through Van der Waals force head and the tail It is connected, the axial direction of the multiple carbon nanotubes is arranged of preferred orient in the same direction substantially；The binding agent of the adhesive layer is adopted With combination more than one or both of optic-solidified adhesive, heat-curable glue, non-conductive solidification glue；The second material layer is double To oriented polypropylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, silicon rubber, fluorine silicone rubber, polymethyl methacrylate, poly terephthalic acid second two In alcohol ester, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyethyl acrylate, butyl polyacrylate, polystyrene, polybutadiene and polyacrylonitrile One or more of combinations.
- 4. electro-active material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The thermal coefficient of expansion of the carbon nanotube paper is less than The thermal coefficient of expansion of the thin polymer film.
- 5. a kind of preparation method of electro-active material, it comprises the following steps：Step 1：Form one and first material layer is formed by carbon nanotube paper；Step 2：Form a second material layer being made of the thin polymer film for having polymerize completion；Step 3：Using as the binding agent uniform fold of adhesive layer in the second material layer that thin polymer film is formed；Step 4：Carbon nanotube paper is formed by first material layer and polymer using by way of bonding, pressing adhesive layer The second material layer stacked combination that film is formed is together.
- A kind of 6. preparation method of electro-active material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Form the polymer thin The method of film includes polycondensation reaction, poly- plus reaction, Raolical polymerizable, anionic polymerisation and cationic polymerization, Corresponding method is chosen according to the difference of second material layer polymer monomer species and forms the thin polymer film.
- A kind of 7. preparation method of electro-active material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Adhesive layer is uniformly divided Method of the cloth in second material layer includes spin-coating method, czochralski method and semar technique.
- A kind of 8. curled electric actuator, it is characterised in that：It includes one using any electric actuation of claim 1 to 7 Material, at least a first electrode and an at least second electrode, an at least first electrode are set with an at least second electrode interval It is placed on the electro-active material, and is electrically connected with the electro-active material.
- A kind of 9. curled electric actuator according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：In the first electrode and the second electricity When pole is powered, the curled electric actuator is bent to the surface direction of carbon nanotube paper.
- A kind of 10. curled electric actuator according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The curled electric actuator Realize that angle of bend is more than 360 ° of coiled-type deformation.
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| CN105803403B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-05-15 | 东华大学 | A kind of electric actuation graphene oxide/metal bi film and preparation method thereof |
| CN108493161A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-04 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Semiconductor structure and forming method thereof |
| CN109088563B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-02-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Carbon nanotube fiber composite structure type electromagnetic actuator |
| CN110183704A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-30 | 苏州斯坦得新材料有限公司 | A kind of electrothermal drive film and the frequency switching based on the film |
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| CN101814577A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 清华大学 | Electrostrictive material and preparation method thereof as well as electrothermal type actuator |
| CN101840991A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-22 | 清华大学 | Electrical actuating structure and electrical actuating element |
| CN102201532A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-28 | 清华大学 | Electric actuating material and electric actuating element |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101814577A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 清华大学 | Electrostrictive material and preparation method thereof as well as electrothermal type actuator |
| CN102201532A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-28 | 清华大学 | Electric actuating material and electric actuating element |
| CN101840991A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-22 | 清华大学 | Electrical actuating structure and electrical actuating element |
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