CN105340637A - Insect pest control method for medicinal plant cultivation base - Google Patents
Insect pest control method for medicinal plant cultivation base Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340637A CN105340637A CN201510660958.8A CN201510660958A CN105340637A CN 105340637 A CN105340637 A CN 105340637A CN 201510660958 A CN201510660958 A CN 201510660958A CN 105340637 A CN105340637 A CN 105340637A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G11/00—Sterilising soil by steam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/14—Catching by adhesive surfaces
- A01M1/145—Attracting and catching insects using combined illumination or colours and adhesive surfaces
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
- A01M1/226—Killing insects by electric means by using waves, fields or rays, e.g. sound waves, microwaves, electric waves, magnetic fields, light rays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M19/00—Apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals, other than insects, by hot water, steam, hot air, or electricity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/011—Crawling insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an insect pest control method for a medicinal plant cultivation base. The method comprises following steps: (1) performing high-temperature steam sterilization for crushed and mixed soil matrixes so as to reduce eggs in the soil; (2) for platform beds and ground beds of greenhouses, employing lack light lamps to trap and kill insect pests; (3) for field ridges and seedbeds attacked by the insect pests, mixing a chlorpyrifos solution which is diluted by 2000 times with cabbage leaves, and placing the mixture near the field ridges and seedbeds; and (4) for field ridges and seedbeds attacked by fungus gnats, employing yellow boards and blue boards to trap and kill fungus gnat adults. Through the combination of physical control and chemical control, insect pests, such as cutworms, scarabs, sciarid flies and soil root-knot nematodes, which severely do harm to seeds, seedlings and adults of pairs polyphylla and panax japonicas majoris can be targetly and comprehensively controlled, the method is low is cost and is easy to perform, and the method can be used for bases and farmer households on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological technical field, relate to a kind of prevention and controls of medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest particularly.
Background technology
Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Panax Japonicus Var. Major are " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " and " Yunnan Province's drug standards " record kind, and main product Yunnan is famousr and precious Chinese medicine.As important resources of medicinal plant, Part Medicinal Plant cultivation base has carried out introducing a fine variety of scale and has planted and breeding process.Owing to lacking the change of natural enemy and growing environment, the insect pest that the Yunnan Paris polyphylla of introducing and planting and Panax Japonicus Var. Major are encountered by not available for wild environment threatens, mainly comprise cutworm (larva harm), chafer (larva, adult harm), eye fungus gnat (larva harm), soil nematodes etc., to the plant of introducing and planting, sprout seedling and even sowing seed and have and endanger significantly, the plant underproduction can be caused, have no harvest even Large Scale Death.Wherein cutworm is the larva of noctuid, have another name called root eating insect, agrotis, main harm plant stem and radicula, because Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Panax Japonicus Var. Major are single stem perennial vertical herbage, once the killed insect bite of stem is hindered or bites broken, to directly affect the conveying of nutriment and blossom and bear fruit, very harmful, other diseases are also very easily infected in wound, as stem rot etc., so lure cutworm adult and period poison bait cutworm larva by lamp, can escape injury by available protecting plant, chafer, larva has another name called grub, and larva gnaws plant roots and stems in underground, and adult gnaws blade, is the extremely strong common Field Pests of a kind of harmfulness, is all found, lures prevent and treat with larva period poison bait mainly through adult lamp in multiple medicinal material planting base, eye fungus gnat is a kind of insect under Dulicidae eye Sciara, be mainly in the environment of hot humid, and subculture speed is exceedingly fast, within average 15 days, a generation can be bred, many mushroom-cultivating industries receive considerable influence, because Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Panax Japonicus Var. Major mostly are seminal propagation, the usual warm moist of seed germination environment, very easily encroach on by eye fungus gnat, its larva passes through rasping-sucking mouthparts, file leaves seed coat and gnaws endosperm and embryo, very easily Priming Seeds goes rotten, rotten and embryo is downright bad, greatly reduce seed germination rate, also the food new root of seedling and tender shoots can be filed, the seed of especially just having sprouted, a kind of in the newfound important pests in medicinal plant planting base, have no the report that a fungus gnat affects Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Panax Japonicus Var. Major plantation before this, for eye fungus gnat mainly through arranging yellow plate and backboard carries out physics trapping, greatly reduce insect density and reproductive efficiency thereof, the probability that minimizing plant seedlings and seed are gnawed by eye fungus gnat larva, soil nematodes is that a kind of important soil passes insect, adaptive capacity is extremely strong, and very easily follower orofecal, especially with the soil of cultivating for many years morbidity the most very, present price section major part medicinal material planting base and plantation peasant household also remain with the custom of applications of farmyard manure, this considerably increases the probability of plant infection soil nematodes, except itself piercing plant tissue and laying eggs, soil nematodes can also propagate root rot, root knot, stem rot, a series of bacterium such as stem wilt, fungal disease, cause Combined Infection, very harmful, by soil matrix sterilizing, effectively can prevent and treat nematode and worm's ovum in soil, reduce the probability that plant is infected and falls ill.
So far, the prevention and controls of chafer, cutworm and soil nematodes is related in prior art, mostly be the chemistry poisoning method of spraying pesticide, in actual production, adopt physics+chemical synthesis trapping and specific aim control have not been reported, the present invention is the method for integrated control of a kind of medicinal plant (Yunnan Paris polyphylla, Panax Japonicus Var. Major) cultivation base insect pest, according to actual insect pest, targetedly, multi-method, carrying out stage by stage prevent and treat, avoid agricultural chemicals and blindly use the agriculture ghost sound brought, ensure plant breeding, healthy growth.In addition, also do not relate to the report of a fungus gnat infringement Yunnan Paris polyphylla, Panax Japonicus Var. Major seed, the present invention is by simple, easy and harmless method, effectively reduce the injury of a fungus gnat larva to plant seed and seedling, ensure the growth of Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed and seedling, improve plant propagation efficiency, for resource Sustainable Development and Utilization provides scientific basis and technical support.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A prevention and controls for medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest, draw together following steps:
(1) by the soil matrix high-temp steam sterilizing through pulverizing mix, egg counts in soil is reduced, effectively control chafer larva, cutworm worm's ovum, eye fungus gnat larva and meloidogyne;
(2) for platform bed and the groundbed of green house, adopt black light lamps, can effectively prevent and treat cutworm adult, reduce its reproductive efficiency, average killing rate reaches more than 90%;
(3) for field and seedbed that insect pest occurs, use 2000 times of chlopyrifos solution diluted with Chinese cabbage leaf mix, be positioned near field and seedbed, can effectively trap and kill cutworm larva, average killing rate reaches more than 80%;
(4) for field and seedbed that the insect pest of eye fungus gnat occurs, yellow plate and backboard are set, trapping eye fungus gnat adult, on average within every 15 days, change a champac version, local encroaches on serious region can increase replacement frequency, reduces insect density and reproductive efficiency thereof, the probability that minimizing plant seedlings and seed are gnawed by eye fungus gnat larva, the method effectively can trap and kill a fungus gnat adult, and average killing rate reaches more than 85%;
As preferred technical scheme, soil matrix high-temp steam sterilizing 2 hours in described step (1).
As preferred technical scheme, in described step (2), every mu arranges a black light lamp.
As preferred technical scheme, in described step (3), trapping material is changed once every day, replacing construction about 6 in the afternoon.
As preferred technical scheme, according to 5m interval in described step (4), yellow plate and backboard are set.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention passes through experimental study, reported first eye fungus gnat larva, to the harm of Yunnan Paris polyphylla, Panax Japonicus Var. Major seed and seedling, for the insect pest in this medicinal plant cultivation base, proposes effectively preventing method, cost is lower and convenient and easy, can be used for base and plantation family spread.
(2) relative to prior art, spraying by means of only single agricultural chemicals large area suppresses insect pest to occur, very easily develop immunity to drugs and pollution is brought to plant environment, the present invention targetedly, overall control each quasi-representative medicinal plant planting base insect, take physical method+chemical method, Rational Application, reduce the impact of poison bait on environment.
(3) realization of medicinal plant cultivation base of the present invention pest control method, vital effect is served to minimizing medicinal plant (Yunnan Paris polyphylla, Panax Japonicus Var. Major) insect pest, have fewer environmental impacts, for effective prevention and elimination of disease and pests provides scientific basis and technical support simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A prevention and controls for medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest, draw together following steps:
(1) by the soil matrix high-temp steam sterilizing 2 hours through pulverizing mix, egg counts in soil is reduced, effectively control chafer larva, cutworm worm's ovum, eye fungus gnat larva and meloidogyne;
(2) for platform bed and the groundbed of green house, adopt 40 watts of black light lamps, every mu arranges a black light lamp, and can effectively prevent and treat cutworm adult, reduce its reproductive efficiency, average killing rate reaches more than 90%;
(3) for field and seedbed that insect pest occurs, use 2000 times of chlopyrifos solution diluted with Chinese cabbage leaf mix, be positioned near field and seedbed, trapping material is changed once every day, replacing construction about 6 in the afternoon, can effectively trap and kill cutworm larva, average killing rate reaches more than 80%;
(4) for field and seedbed that the insect pest of eye fungus gnat occurs, according to 5m interval, yellow plate and backboard are set, trapping eye fungus gnat adult, on average within every 15 days, change a champac version, local encroaches on serious region can increase replacement frequency, reduce insect density and reproductive efficiency thereof, the probability that minimizing plant seedlings and seed are gnawed by eye fungus gnat larva, the method effectively can trap and kill a fungus gnat adult, and average killing rate reaches more than 85%.
The technology of the present invention superiority is proved below by concrete test example:
Test example 1:
One, materials and methods
Test in May, 2014 to June in Lijing Zhi Yuan biotechnology development corporation, Ltd.'s medicinal material planting base (main plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla and seedling breed) as pilot region, select Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed, seedling and for many years cultivation seedlings are as subjects, high-temp steam sterilizing is carried out for soil matrix, matrix paving after sterilizing is spilt on the seedbed of 1.2m*30m, cladding thickness 10cm, on each seedbed, subregion is sowed simultaneously, seedling replanting and tree transplanted process, select onesize undressed seedbed in contrast, after 1 month, observe seed insect pest, seedling insect pest and seedlings insect pest.
Two, results and analysis
Table one soil high-temperature steam sterilizing is to the experimental result of Yunnan Paris polyphylla insect pest
As can be seen from table one, by the soil matrix of high-temp steam sterilizing, soil nematodes relative density declines greatly, and high-temperature steam effectively can prevent and treat nematode and worm's ovum in soil, in order to avoid soil nematodes is on the impact of plant, should take the method that matrix is sterilized; Pass through high-temp steam sterilizing, there is decline to a certain degree in the larval density of cutworm, but because its adult can circle in the air, scope of activities is larger, within 70-80 days, a generation can be bred, for the soil matrix after sterilizing still have that secondary causes harm may, so other modes should be assisted to eliminate the insect pest impact of cutworm; Eye fungus gnat subculture speed is exceedingly fast, and the short time can produce a large amount of offspring, and adult also can circle in the air, and add the chance that insect pest is propagated, after high-temp steam sterilizing, soil is after a period of time, and eye fungus gnat density does not have significant change, should take other means of prevention for it.As can be seen from different planting area, cutworm and chafer major effect scope are based on seedling and seedlings, and eye fungus gnat, then based on seed and seedling, based on this, should take different prevention and controls for the plant of different larval instar.
Test example 2:
One, materials and methods
Test in June, 2014 to August in Lijing Zhi Yuan biotechnology development corporation, Ltd.'s medicinal material planting base (main plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla and seedling breed) as pilot region, select Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed and seedling as subjects, to the soil matrix that the morbidity of eye fungus gnat is comparatively concentrated, adhere to adult Statistics of Density preliminary experiment by yellow plate and backboard, calculate champac version and the cycle is set; Afterwards by sowing seedbed (1.2m*25m) and hardening seedbed (1.2m*25m), according to 5m spacing, arrange yellow plate and backboard, and contrast is set, through one month, observe eye fungus gnat and prevent and treat result.
Two, results and analysis
The different replacement cycle champac plate of table two is to the trapping result of eye fungus gnat adult
As can be seen from table two, use champac version to be arranged alternately and more effectively can trap and kill a fungus gnat adult, also can trap and kill other insects such as chafer, class Diabrotica simultaneously.Can find out by arranging the cycle, by 5-15 day, champac version adheres to eye fungus gnat adult and becomes positive correlation with setup times, because the eye fungus gnat breeding cycle is about about 15 days, so after 15 days in soil eye fungus gnat larval density have obvious decline; Adhesive capacity did not comparatively obviously rise on the 15th on 20th, too high mainly due to adhesion density, caused by champac version viscosity declines, is arranged alternately, and is once advisable in replacing on the 15th so should be champac version by the optimum condition of champac version trapping eye fungus gnat adult.
Table three champac version arranges the result of the test to Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed and seedling eye fungus gnat insect pest
As can be seen from table three, be arranged alternately by champac plate, effectively reduce eye fungus gnat larval density, average killing rate reaches about 85%, decreases a fungus gnat larva to the infringement of Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed and seedling.
Test example 3:
One, materials and methods
Test in June, 2015 to August in Lijing Zhi Cheng biotechnology development corporation, Ltd.'s medicinal material planting base (main plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Panax Japonicus Var. Major) and Lijing CHIGO biotechnology development corporation, Ltd. medicinal material planting base (main plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla seedlings) as pilot region, Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling and perennial seedling is selected to be subjects, for the field and seedbed (groundbed) that produce cutworm and chafer insect pest, adopt 40 watts of black light lamps, according to 667m
2(one mu) arranges a black light lamp, and below arranges the explosive barrel filling washing powder solution, changes weekly, through a month viewing test result.The chlopyrifos solution diluted by using 2000 times, with Chinese cabbage leaf mix, is positioned near field and seedbed, according to 5m
2arrange a poison bait, trapping cutworm larva, 18:00 changed trapping material, through two weeks viewing test results every day.
Two, results and analysis
Table four black light lamp and period poison bait cutworm and chafer result of the test
As can be seen from table four, the adult of black light lamp to cutworm has good preventive and therapeutic effect, and average preventive effect can reach more than 83%; Poison bait is to the good preventive and therapeutic effect of cutworm larva, and average preventive effect can reach more than more than 86%; Used by two kinds of Combination of Methods, can improve cutworm children control efficiency further, preventive effect can reach more than 90%.
The present invention is combined by physical control and chemical control, the insect pest of the serious harm Yunnan Paris polyphylla such as targeted integrated control cutworm, chafer, eye fungus gnat and meloidogyne and Panax Japonicus Var. Major seed, seedling and seedling.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a prevention and controls for medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) by the soil matrix high-temp steam sterilizing through pulverizing mix, egg counts in soil is reduced, effectively control chafer larva, cutworm worm's ovum, eye fungus gnat larva and meloidogyne;
(2) for platform bed and the groundbed of green house, adopt black light lamps, can effectively prevent and treat cutworm adult, reduce its reproductive efficiency, average killing rate reaches more than 90%;
(3) for field and seedbed that insect pest occurs, use 2000 times of chlopyrifos solution diluted with Chinese cabbage leaf mix, be positioned near field and seedbed, can effectively trap and kill cutworm larva, average killing rate reaches more than 80%;
(4) for field and seedbed that the insect pest of eye fungus gnat occurs, yellow plate and backboard are set, trapping eye fungus gnat adult, on average within every 15 days, change a champac version, local encroaches on serious region can increase replacement frequency, reduces insect density and reproductive efficiency thereof, the probability that minimizing plant seedlings and seed are gnawed by eye fungus gnat larva, the method effectively can trap and kill a fungus gnat adult, and average killing rate reaches more than 85%;
2. the prevention and controls of medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest according to claim 1, is characterized in that, soil matrix high-temp steam sterilizing 2 hours in described step (1).
3. the prevention and controls of medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), every mu arranges a black light lamp.
4. the prevention and controls of medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), trapping material is changed once every day, replacing construction about 6 in the afternoon.
5. the prevention and controls of medicinal plant cultivation base insect pest according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to 5m interval in described step (4), arranges yellow plate and backboard.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112314284A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-05 | 淄博市蔬菜办公室 | Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of greenhouse vegetables |
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