CN105337481A - LCL type grid-connected inverter control method - Google Patents
LCL type grid-connected inverter control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105337481A CN105337481A CN201510685322.9A CN201510685322A CN105337481A CN 105337481 A CN105337481 A CN 105337481A CN 201510685322 A CN201510685322 A CN 201510685322A CN 105337481 A CN105337481 A CN 105337481A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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Abstract
The invention discloses an LCL type grid-connected inverter control method. The method comprises: comparing a grid access current command signal igrid for an LCL type grid-connected inverter with the detected grid access current signal i for the LCL type grid-connected inverter, obtaining a first error signal, wherein the first error signal takes actions through a first controller so that an output signal iL is obtained; comparing the output signal iL with the detected capacitance current signal for an LCL filter, obtaining a second error signal, wherein the second error signal takes actions through a second controller so that a voltage modulation signal Uab for the LCL type grid-connected inverter is obtained; and driving a switch device of the LCL type grid-connected inverter through high frequency PWM, and obtaining the expected inverter grid access current. The LCL type grid-connected inverter control method can improve the quality of the grid access current for the grid-connected inverter, and can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the grid access current.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power electronic equipment control technology field, particularly relate to a kind of LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter.
Background technology
Combining inverter is by DC side electric energy with the device of the mode feed-in electrical network of sine-wave current, and it is a kind of form of inverter applications.The inverter applications be incorporated into the power networks is extensive, as all needed grid-connected inverters to run, by intrasystem electric energy feedback in electrical network in the occasion of alternating current electronic load, the generating of regenerative resource large-scale grid connection.But in order to avoid the grid-connected current of poor quality pollutes electrical network, the waveform quality of grid-connected current has strict requirement, and electric current is the sine wave with voltage with same frequency and reversed-phase, and meets IEC.As follows to the current specification of combining inverter feed-in electrical network in the world: waveform is sinusoidal, and total harmonic distortion factor THD is less than 5%, and each harmonic is less than 3%.
Corresponding filter construction and suitable grid-connected control method is selected to be the keys of the current quality determining combining inverter feed-in electrical network according to different workplaces.The performance of combining inverter is directly connected to the quality of the middle electric energy that is connected to the grid, and the energy conversion efficiency of distributed generation system.The effect of combining inverter is the energy of form of communication by the power conversion of the DC form of distributed generation unit and tank voltage, thus carry out being connected and energy exchange with external electrical network.Now, the control objectives of inverter is generally active power of output and output reactive power.
The control mode of combining inverter is divided into voltage control and Current Control two kinds.Voltage control is equivalent to inverter is equivalent to a voltage source, and by controlling to make its output voltage phase place, frequency is equal to line voltage completely, the amplitude of amplitude tracking line voltage, and essence is equivalent to two voltage source parallel connections.But because line voltage probably produces distortion or larger harmonic wave in the process run, inverter can be caused to export and accurately cannot follow the tracks of line voltage, making to control difficulty increases.In addition, this control mode indirectly controlling grid-connected current by control inverter output voltage can not make grid-connected current reach preferable quality.
Combining inverter Direct Current Control mode is mainly divided into Hysteresis control and triangular wave to control.Wherein, Hysteresis control adopts hysteresis comparator, and the deviation with reference to electric current and actual grid-connected current inputs as it, and hysteresis comparator produces pwm signal, controls grid-connected current by the break-make controlling inverter circuit switching power devices.If setting hysteresis comparator ring width is 2h, just grid-connected current can be controlled within the scope of+h and-h, i.e. the track reference electric current of grid-connected current indentation.For this control method, arranging systematic influence of h is comparatively large, and when ring width is wider, the frequency of switch motion reduces, but error increases, and harmonic wave is very large; When ring width is narrower, error reduces, and harmonic wave reduces, but switch motion frequency is too high, and switching loss increases.For the above-mentioned shortcoming of hysteresis comparator, a kind of solution adopts synchro switch method, i.e. time-controlled instantaneous value manner of comparison.
Hysteresis comparator is due to the contradiction between its switching frequency and precision, and high order harmonic component is more, and electromagnetic interference is comparatively large, limited use in actual applications.Current application more widely control mode is triangle control mode.Triangle control mode can adopt different controllers to complete control to system, as PI controls, and Repetitive controller, track with zero error etc.The waveform that current error via controller draws after regulating and triangular wave compare, and generate SPWM ripple, control the break-make of device for power switching.Triangular wave control mode power switch frequency equals carrier frequency, and noise is low, depressed designing filter, and various ways can be taked to control, and reduces error.
In general, the inverter utilizing power electronic device to form can produce a large amount of current harmonicss, and therefore, the filter that passive device be used to form is to filter these harmonic waves.The filter that combining inverter adopts has two kinds usually: inductance (LC) filter and inductor-capacitor-inductance (LCL) filter.
LC filter, also referred to as passive filter, is traditional harmonic compensation device.Why LC filter is called passive filter, as the term suggests, be exactly that this device does not need additionally to provide power supply.LC filter is generally form by filtering capacitor, reactor and resistor are appropriately combined, in parallel with harmonic source, except strobing, also takes into account the needs of reactive power compensation; LC filter is divided into LC low pass filter, LC band pass filter, high pass filter, LC all-pass filter, LC band stop filter according to function; Several by tuning single tuned filter, double-tuned filter and the three-tuned filter etc. of being divided into again.
LC design of filter flow process mainly consider its resonance frequency and capacitor withstand voltage, the resistance to stream of reactor.In electronic circuit, inductance coil is to the effect of interchange current limiting, and from the induction reactance formula XL=2 π fL of inductance, inductance L is larger, and frequency f is higher, and induction reactance is larger.Therefore inductance coil has logical low frequency, and the effect of resistance high frequency is LC filter circuit example inductance below the filtering principle of Here it is inductance is exactly together with electric capacity in the modal effect of circuit, forms LC filter circuit.The ability that electric capacity has " resistance direct current, logical interchange ", the function that inductance then has " logical direct current, resistance exchanges, and logical low frequency, hinders high frequency ".
If the direct current with many interference signals by LC filter circuit, so, AC influence signal major part will be stoped absorption to become magnetic strength and heat energy by inductance, remaining major part by capacitive bypass to, this just can suppress the effect of interference signal, just obtains purer direct current at output.The principle of filter circuit is actual be L, c element fundamental characteristics combination utilize.Because the capacitive reactance xc=2nfc of capacitor 1 can raise with signal frequency and diminish again, and the induction reactance xl=2f of inductor can raise with signal frequency and increase, if electric capacity, inductance are carried out series, parallel or series-parallel connection application, the impedance of their combinations also can be different and very people occur change mouth this shows with signal frequency, different filter circuit can present very little or very large reactance to certain frequency signal, allow this frequency signal pass through smoothly or to hold it back to pass through with activation, thus play the effect choosing certain frequency signal and certain frequency signal of filtering.
Compared with L-type filter, LCL filter be make use of inductance and electric capacity to different frequency component present the feature of the otherness of impedance, filter adds filter capacitor C
fwith net side filter inductance L
2, under high frequency situations, the impedance of inductive branch is large, and capacitive branch impedance is then little, introduces L
2and C
fafter can carry out parallel impedance shunting, filter capacitor C to the inverter bridge output current inv containing high order harmonic component
ffor HFS provides low impedance path, thus effectively reduce injection power network current i
refin harmonic current components.
Identical in inductance value, when cost is suitable, LCL filter has better filter effect.But LCL filter, as a third-order system, easily produces resonance, causes the instability of system.
Usually, resonance is suppressed to have two kinds of modes: one is passive damped method, and another kind is active damping method.So-called passive damped method is generally in inverter circuit, increase resistance directly to increase the damping of LCL filter, but no matter is series connection or parallel resistance, all can increase the excess loss of system.So-called active damping method, usually the object realizing suppressing resonance to the control of contravarianter voltage electric current is taked, the dicyclo PI control strategy of conventional higher order pole configuration, weighted current average back PI control strategy, and the three ring PI control strategies etc. of grid-connected current, capacitance voltage and inductive current.
But, in above method, although PI controller can make grid-connected inverter system have good performance, when system be subject to external disturbance larger time, its dynamic property also needs to improve further to meet the grid-connected requirement to current waveform and total harmonic distortion factor.The mode that other controllers and PI can be adopted to control to combine improves system robustness.
But combining inverter is a complicated non linear system, accurate Mathematical Modeling is set up to it often very difficult.And in the design process of controller, usually need to design according to the Mathematical Modeling of system.At present can only obtain for combining inverter the model that is similar to and cannot Accurate Model be accomplished.
If combining inverter seen introduce fuzzy control in that system, then the feature of fuzzy control can the inexactness of partial-compensation system model.Compared with traditional control method, fuzzy control is using control object as "black box", and it does not rely on the Mathematical Modeling of system, but depends on the fuzzy rule just converted to by operating experience, statement, is the one of Based Intelligent Control.Often robustness is high, dynamic property good to add the system of fuzzy control.
Fuzzy control combined with other control methods, be combining inverter control mode many at present, development potentiality is larger.But the controling parameters of traditional fuzzy control mode is fixing, on-line tuning can not be carried out along with the working condition of system.The ratio of PI controller and integral coefficient are constant, this causes in the situations such as system configuration change or parameter fluctuation (break down as external electrical network structure or inner side DC bus-bar voltage acutely raises), inverter cannot accurate tracing control instruction fast, can not regulate the meritorious of input and output and reactive power in time.Reduce stability and the antijamming capability of net inverter
Summary of the invention
The present invention, just based on above one or more problem, provides a kind of LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter, low in order to solve the combining inverter networking current quality existed in prior art, the problem of networking current total harmonic distortion.
Wherein, described LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter, comprising:
LCL type combining inverter networking current command signal i
gridcompared with the LCL type combining inverter networking current signal i detected, obtain the first error signal, described first error signal, by the first controller action, obtains outputing signal i
l;
By described output signal i
lcompared with the LCL filter capacitance current signal detected, obtain the second error signal, described second error signal, by second controller effect, obtains the voltage modulation signal U of LCL type combining inverter
ab;
Modulated the switching device driving LCL type combining inverter by high-frequency PWM, obtain the inverter networking electric current expected.
Further, described first error signal is networking current command signal i
gridwith the difference of networking current signal i;
Described second error signal is described output signal i
lwith the difference of described LCL filter capacitance current signal.
Further, the expression formula of described first controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described first controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described first controller, s is sampling step length.
Further, the expression formula of described second controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described second controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described second controller, s is sampling step length.
Further, the parameter of described LCL type filter is:
l
1> 1.95mh,
wherein, f is the cut-off frequency of LC filter, and π is circumference ratio.
LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter provided by the invention, grid-connected current THD can be effectively reduced, enhance the rejection ability of harmonic components in combining inverter networking Current on Grid harmonic voltage and current command signal, improve combining inverter networking current quality, reduce the distortion of networking current total harmonic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a kind of LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter of the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the LCL type filter of the embodiment of the present invention two;
Fig. 3 is the Systematical control block diagram of the LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.It should be noted that, if do not conflicted, each feature in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment can be combined with each other, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
The embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter, and as shown in Figure 1, the method comprises:
101, LCL type combining inverter networking current command signal i
gridcompared with the LCL type combining inverter networking current signal i detected, obtain the first error signal, described first error signal, by the first controller action, obtains outputing signal i
l.
Wherein, described first error signal is networking current command signal i
gridwith the difference of networking current signal i.
The expression formula of described first controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described first controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described first controller, s is sampling step length.
102, by described output signal i
lcompared with the LCL filter capacitance current signal detected, obtain the second error signal, described second error signal, by second controller effect, obtains the voltage modulation signal U of LCL type combining inverter
ab;
Wherein, described second error signal is described output signal i
lwith the difference of described LCL filter capacitance current signal.
The expression formula of described second controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described second controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described second controller, s is sampling step length.
103, modulated the switching device driving LCL type combining inverter by high-frequency PWM, obtain the inverter networking electric current expected.
LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter provided by the invention, grid-connected current THD can be effectively reduced, enhance the rejection ability of harmonic components in combining inverter networking Current on Grid harmonic voltage and current command signal, improve combining inverter networking current quality, reduce the distortion of networking current total harmonic.
Embodiment two
When inverter power is larger, by the impact of switching speed and power loss, the device for power switching frequency of inverter reduces, and filter adopts single induction structure will increase volume and cost.At present, adopt the application of the grid-connected inverter system of LCL filter more and more extensive.
The LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter that the embodiment of the present invention two provides, adopts LCL type filter construction as shown in Figure 2.
Wherein, L
1---inverter side filter inductance;
L
2---grid side filter inductance;
C---filter capacitor.
Compared with L-type filter, LCL filter be make use of inductance and electric capacity to different frequency component present the feature of the otherness of impedance, filter adds filter capacitor C
fwith net side filter inductance L
2, under high frequency situations, the impedance of inductive branch is large, and capacitive branch impedance is then little, introduces L
2and C
fafter can carry out parallel impedance shunting, filter capacitor C to the inverter bridge output current inv containing high order harmonic component
ffor HFS provides low impedance path, thus effectively reduce injection power network current i
refin harmonic current components.
The present invention is known with LCL type filter by com-parison and analysis L-type filter: when adopting identical total inductance amount, in low-frequency range, the characteristic of LCL type filter is substantially identical with L-type filter, all with the velocity attenuation of-20dB/sec.At high band, the gain reduction speed of L-type filter still maintains-20dB/sec, and LCL type filter is third-order system, increases to-60dB/sec in the high band rate of decay.Therefore, LCL type filter has larger rejection ability to the harmonic wave be near switching frequency, can be good at the harmonic current suppressing combining inverter to be produced by switch motion.LCL type filter not only has better attenuating to high order current harmonics, when switching frequency is lower, the performance of inverter also can be made to meet current harmonics attenuation requirement, therefore, LCL type filter is highly suitable for the inverter of relatively high power, is also more suitable for being applied to grid-connected system.
But, LCL type filter High-frequency and low-frequency section tie point and near, i.e., due to existence and the effect of transfer function limit, there is amplitude gain spike in the resonance frequency place of LCL filter.Because system is three rank, this has a huge impact the design of inverter control system.If gain is excessive, probably cause the vibration of system, therefore must reduce gain.The way of usual employing adopts weakening damping resistance (PassiveDamping).
For the inverter of configuration LCL filter, because the size of filter parameter directly affects entire system performance, therefore, usually following requirement can be considered when carrying out LCL parameter designing:
(1) total inductance quantitative limitation.Impedance drop under rated condition need be less than 10% of line voltage.
(2) to the restriction of filter capacity.Excessive filter capacitor, by producing a large amount of reactive loss, reduces the overall power disposal ability of inverter.
(3) the design restriction of resonance frequency.In order to avoid resonance frequency becomes the restraining factors of inverter current Controller gain variations, the resonance frequency of the LCL filter of General Requirements design is between 10 times of fundamental frequencies and 0.5 times of switching frequency.
(4) when adopting passive damping resistance scheme, to the restriction of damping resistance Rd.When Rd is larger, resonance peak reduces more obvious, but the loss of filter also increases thereupon, and filter also will reduce the filtering performance of high-frequency harmonic simultaneously, generally be taken as 1/3 of resonance frequency place condensance in engineering to damping resistance.
In the present embodiment, as Fig. 2 connect on the capacitive branch of LCL a damping resistance or on net side inductance a damping resistance in parallel.
The capacitive branch impedance adding damping resistance is:
Then ssystem transfer function is:
In the present embodiment, the parameter of LCL type filter is:
Wherein, f is the cut-off frequency of LC filter, and π is circumference ratio.
Get L
1=3mH, then C=20 μ F, L
2=1.5mH.
At present, in the single-phase grid-connected inverter system using LCL type filter, the following several control method of main employing: the double closed-loop control system of grid-connected current outer shroud, capacitive current inner ring; Based on the double-loop control system of higher order pole configuration; Weighted current average back controls; The three close-loop control system etc. of grid-connected current, capacitance voltage, inductive current.
As shown in Figure 3, this LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter, comprising the Systematical control block diagram of the LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter that the present embodiment adopts:
1) LCL type combining inverter networking current command signal i
gridcompared with the LCL type combining inverter networking current signal i detected, obtain the first error signal, described first error signal, by the first controller action, obtains outputing signal i
l.
Wherein, described first error signal is networking current command signal i
gridwith the difference of networking current signal i.
The expression formula of described second controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described second controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described second controller, s is sampling step length.
2) by described output signal i
lcompared with the LCL filter capacitance current signal detected, obtain the second error signal, described second error signal, by second controller effect, obtains the voltage modulation signal U of LCL type combining inverter
ab;
Wherein, described second error signal is described output signal i
lwith the difference of described LCL filter capacitance current signal.
The expression formula of described second controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described second controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described second controller, s is sampling step length.
3) modulated the switching device driving LCL type combining inverter by high-frequency PWM, obtain the inverter networking electric current expected.
In actual motion, due to the resonance peak of LCL type filter, grid-connected current is dispersed, and adopts the mode cancellation resonance peak adding damping resistance.When adding 5 Ω, electric current is still unstable.When adding 20 Ω resistance, system stability, but consumed power is excessive.
In actual applications, line voltage can produce distortion usually, and the disturbance of generation can make monocycle control system be a greater impact.Therefore, this monocycle control structure often adopts the mode of voltage feed-forward control to compensate, and to eliminate the impact of grid disturbances on grid-connected current, in addition, by the mode of feedforward, grid-connected system can be approximately an inversion system for no reason at all.
Detailed process is as follows: inverter still can regard gain link P as
wMK.
If the transfer function of PI controller is: G (s)=(K
p+ K
i/ s).
Line voltage is equivalent to the disturbance input of system.At inverter outlet side, had by the relation of inverter output voltage and line voltage:
In control theory, the essence of feedforward compensation adopts the mode of opened loop control to go to compensate external disturbance signal, and compensation is positioned at transfer function and divides subitem, and do not affect the limit of closed-loop system, therefore the stability of feedforward compensation on control system does not affect.From the angle of disturbance suppression, feedfoward control alleviates the burden of FEEDBACK CONTROL, and the gain of feedback control system can suitably reduce.
In order to verify the filter effect of LCL type filter, a single-phase grid-connected inverter system is emulated.LCL filter parameter is:
L
1=3mH, then C=20 μ F, L
2=1.5mH.
System model is set up in MATLAB, draw grid-connected current analysis result: the LCL type combining inverter grid-connected current THD adopting current double closed-loop to control is very little, be only about 0.15%, be significantly less than the situation that system adopts LC filter construction, especially high order harmonic component reduces obviously, conforms to the characteristic of LCL type filter.Because LCL type filter is to Eliminate highter harmonic better effects if, and adopt when filter action is identical inductance less, be particularly useful for large-power occasions, can reduce costs while minimizing electric energy loss.
LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter provided by the invention, grid-connected current THD can be effectively reduced, enhance the rejection ability of harmonic components in combining inverter networking Current on Grid harmonic voltage and current command signal, improve combining inverter networking current quality, reduce the distortion of networking current total harmonic.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the present invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize specification of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter, comprising:
LCL type combining inverter networking current command signal i
gridcompared with the LCL type combining inverter networking current signal i detected, obtain the first error signal, described first error signal, by the first controller action, obtains outputing signal i
l;
By described output signal i
lcompared with the LCL filter capacitance current signal detected, obtain the second error signal, described second error signal, by second controller effect, obtains the voltage modulation signal U of LCL type combining inverter
ab;
Modulated the switching device driving LCL type combining inverter by high-frequency PWM, obtain the inverter networking electric current expected.
2. LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described first error signal is networking current command signal i
gridwith the difference of networking current signal i;
Described second error signal is described output signal i
lwith the difference of described LCL filter capacitance current signal.
3. LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the expression formula of described first controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described first controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described first controller, s is sampling step length.
4. LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the expression formula of described second controller is:
Wherein, K
pfor the scale parameter of described second controller, K
ifor the integral parameter of described second controller, s is sampling step length.
5. LCL type control method of grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the parameter of described LCL type filter is:
l
1> 1.95mh,
wherein, f is the cut-off frequency of LC filter, and π is circumference ratio.
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| CN105720604A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-29 | 天津瑞能电气有限公司 | Over-modulation suppressing method for network-side inverter of power grid during over-voltage |
| CN105955033A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-09-21 | 天津科技大学 | Control method of photovoltaic LCL type grid-connected inverter |
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| CN109586604A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-04-05 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | A kind of the multifrequency passive control method and system of high-order current transformer |
| CN109585215A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-04-05 | 深圳中嘉智联能源科技有限公司 | A kind of vacuum switch arc quenching system and method based on virtual voltage feedforward control |
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