CN105333952A - Spectral measurement CCD (Charge-coupled Device) module for improving detection sensitivity - Google Patents
Spectral measurement CCD (Charge-coupled Device) module for improving detection sensitivity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a spectral measurement CCD (Charge-coupled Device) module for improving detection sensitivity, which comprises an optical calibration unit with aberration correction and energy convergence functions. The optical calibration unit is arranged in front of the CCD; the optical calibration unit is a conventional cylindrical lens or a non-conventional cylindrical lens for adjusting a convergence position influencing sensitivity along a spectral height direction and a focusing position influencing resolution along a spectral width direction to a position where a CCD pixel is; and the non-conventional cylindrical lens is a cylindrical lens with curvature invariant and thickness variant gradually or a cylindrical lens with thickness invariant and curvature variant gradually or a doublet cylindrical lens. As the optical calibration unit with the aberration correction and energy convergence functions is arranged, and spectral detection sensitivity and resolution are improved significantly. Further, through a cooling unit, temperature is stably controlled to reduce noise and signal drift.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical detection, analysis field, particularly, relate to a kind of spectral measurement CCD module improving detection sensitivity.
Background technology
CCD, English full name: Charge-coupledDevice, Chinese full name: charge coupled cell, can be called ccd image sensor, also be image controller.Functionally divide, comprise line array CCD and the large class of area array CCD two.
Sensitivity, resolution, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and baseline stability etc. are the important technology performance index of spectral instrument, in the spectral measurement device being receiver with CCD especially line array CCD or instrument, due to CCD pixel limited height, on light spectrum image-forming face, the luminous energy of a big chunk can not be received by CCD photosurface, thus constrain the detectivity of spectrometer to low light signals, namely sensitivity is not high.
On the other hand, the working temperature of CCD directly affects the stability of signal noise and baseline, temperature is lower, noise is less, the size of output signal varies with temperature significantly, therefore, in high-precision spectral measurement application, must freeze and thermostatic control to CCD, make spectral signal keep stable.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of spectral measurement CCD module improving detection sensitivity, adopt the optical correction unit that there is aberration correction and assemble energy function, significantly improve sensitivity and the resolution of detecting light spectrum.
For realizing above object, the invention provides a kind of spectral measurement CCD module improving detection sensitivity, comprising optical correction's unit with aberration correction and energy convergence function, before described optical correction unit is arranged on CCD;
Described optical correction unit is conventional cylindrical mirror or unconventional cylindrical mirror, for the converged position along spectrum short transverse affecting sensitivity and the focal position along spectral width direction affecting resolution being all adjusted to the position at CCD pixel place;
Described unconventional cylindrical mirror is the progressive thickness cylindrical mirror of the constant gradient thickness of curvature, or the gradual curvature cylindrical mirror of thickness not variable curvature gradual change, or two gummed cylindrical mirror.
Preferably, described gradual curvature cylindrical mirror, method for designing is as follows: according to the focal position distribution of spectrometer focusing of light path under without this gradual curvature cylindrical mirror, obtain the distribution coordinate of its each wavelength focus point, spectral condenser is spherical reflector, and the incident rear focal point of directional light is positioned at distance spherical reflector r=1/2R
ballcos α place, wherein, R
ballfor the radius of spherical reflector, α is the angle between parallel input light and concave mirror center normal, can be similar to and think that focus distribution is on circular arc, and the angle residing for different wave length is different, draws the relation curve of wavelength and focal length position;
Getting cylindrical mirror is plano-convex lens, by reach each wavelength focus location track be positioned at one parallel with plano-convex lens plane for the purpose of rectification effect, design the curvature of each position lens, complete the post Lens Design of curvature gradual change, plano-convex lens focal length formula is: f
λ=r
λ/ (n-1), f
λdistribute relevant with focal position, drawn by matching, according to fitting result, design the distribution of cylindrical mirror radius r.
Preferably, described device comprises further: the heat dissipation box playing sealing and thermolysis, there is optical transmission window the upper end of described heat dissipation box, and optical correction's unit is arranged at this optical transmission window, and in described heat dissipation box, surrounding is filled with thermal insulation material.
More preferably, the bottom of described heat dissipation box becomes pectination flap-type structure to increase surface area, be beneficial to heat radiation, in heat dissipation box, semiconductor chilling plate, heat-conducting block, temperature sensor and CCD are upwards placed successively by bottom in center, and heat-conducting block inside imbedded by described temperature sensor; There is wire hole the side of described heat dissipation box, and the wiring of described semiconductor chilling plate, temperature sensor and CCD is all drawn from this wire hole.
More preferably, the material selection aluminium alloy of described heat dissipation box or copper.
More preferably, described semiconductor chilling plate, heat-conducting block, between temperature sensor and CCD each surface of contact all by heat conductive silica gel intimate contact.
More preferably, the material selection red copper of described heat-conducting block or aluminium alloy.
More preferably, thermistor selected by described temperature sensor.
In the present invention, on the one hand, according to spectral instrument principle, complex light enters monochromator through slit, collimated by collimating mirror and become directional light, then by grating or prism dispersion, after dispersion, light is assembled through focus lamp, different wavelengths of light is finally imaged on the different pixel positions of CCD, add that optical system exists aberration because slit has certain altitude, corresponding band has certain height, when adopting line array CCD Received signal strength, because pixel height limit, often can only receive wherein a part of spectral energy, the detection sensitivity of result derivative spectomstry instrument is low, more weak spectral signal cannot be measured.Although adopt the method for general condenser to improve detection sensitivity, meanwhile spectral resolution will decline.The present invention adopts optical correction's unit (conventional cylindrical mirror, or unconventional cylindrical mirror) with aberration correction and energy convergence function to can solve this problem.
On the other hand, the refrigeration control temperature unit that the present invention adopts CCD and heat dissipation box to form further, realizes stability contorting temperature with noise decrease and signal drift, significantly improves sensitivity and the resolution of detecting light spectrum.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention adopts optical correction's unit effectively can improve the detection sensitivity of spectrometer, keeps higher spectral resolution simultaneously;
In the present invention, by sealing and the heat dissipation box of thermolysis, the semiconductor chilling plate, heat-conducting block, temperature sensor and the CCD that are upwards placed successively by bottom in box, and the closed CCD refrigeration structure of the optical correction's unit composition being fixed on heat dissipation box upper end optical transmission window is compact, do not need to vacuumize process, just can meet the even refrigeration demand of CCD, this structure effectively can completely cut off moisture, CCD and extraneous heat interchange can be reduced, the surperficial impact of tying mist, frosting of CCD that CCD causes because of moist can be reduced again.
The present invention proposes a kind of multi-functional CCD modularity of CCD and refrigeration control temperature unit, the optical correction unit with aberration correction and energy convergence function being combined and modular structure, not only can enhanced spectrum detection sensitivity, higher spectral resolution can be kept again.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the invention structural representation;
In figure: heat dissipation box 1, semiconductor chilling plate 2, heat-conducting block 3, temperature sensor 4, CCD5, thermal insulation material 6, wire hole 7, optical correction's unit 8;
Fig. 2 is that one embodiment of the invention spectrum line is at meridian and sagittal surface focal imaging figure;
Fig. 3 is that one embodiment of the invention spectrum line is at meridian and sagittal surface image space curve map;
Fig. 4 be one embodiment of the invention meridional focus and sagittal focus distance Curve and once with quadratic fit curve schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 (a) is the r of one embodiment of the invention variable curvature cylindrical mirror
λcurve synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 (b) is one embodiment of the invention variable curvature cylindrical mirror schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, for a preferred implementation of the present invention, concrete, a kind of spectral measurement CCD module improving detection sensitivity, comprise: play sealing and the heat dissipation box 1 of thermolysis, and thermal insulation material 6 and optical correction's unit 8, wherein: there is optical transmission window the upper end of described heat dissipation box 1, optical correction's unit 8 is arranged at this optical transmission window, and in described heat dissipation box 8, surrounding is filled with thermal insulation material 6.
Described optical correction unit 8 is conventional cylindrical mirror or unconventional cylindrical mirror, for the converged position along spectrum short transverse affecting sensitivity and the focal position along spectral width direction affecting resolution being all adjusted to the position at CCD pixel place; Described unconventional cylindrical mirror is the progressive thickness cylindrical mirror of the constant gradient thickness of curvature, or the gradual curvature cylindrical mirror of thickness not variable curvature gradual change, or two gummed cylindrical mirror.
As a preferred implementation, the bottom of heat dissipation box 1 becomes pectination flap-type structure to increase surface area, is beneficial to heat radiation; The semiconductor chilling plate 2 that in heat dissipation box 1, center is upwards placed successively by bottom, heat-conducting block 3, temperature sensor 4 and CCD5, each face is by heat conductive silica gel intimate contact; Better, heat-conducting block 3 inside imbedded by described temperature sensor 4; The side of described heat dissipation box 1 has wire hole 7, and the wiring of described semiconductor chilling plate 2, temperature sensor 4 and CCD5 is all drawn from wire hole 7; The upper end of described heat dissipation box 1 has optical transmission window, and described optical correction unit 8 is fixed on this optical transmission window.
CCD combines with refrigeration control temperature unit by the present invention, can realize stability contorting temperature; Close CCD refrigeration structure compact, do not need to vacuumize process, just can meet the even refrigeration demand of CCD, this structure effectively can completely cut off moisture, CCD and extraneous heat interchange can be reduced, the surperficial impact of tying mist, frosting of CCD that CCD causes because of moist can be reduced again.
General, as shown in Figure 2, in figure, left one side of something is the effect that meridian ellipse focuses on to the aberration schematic diagram of the meridian focus point of spectrum line imaging and sagittal focusing point, the right is the effect that sagittal surface focuses on, and meridian focuses on A position, is roughly a camber line, sagittal surface is similar, focuses on B position.Because meridian focal plane is separated with sagitta of arc focal plane, add the reason of the limited height of ccd detector, ccd detector can only receive very limited a part of luminous energy, and derivative spectomstry sensitivity is low, and resolution is also low.
As a preferred implementation, in order to improve the detection sensitivity of spectrometer, and guarantee as far as possible high spectral resolution, optical correction of the present invention unit can adopt cylindrical mirror or unconventional cylindrical mirror.Described unconventional cylindrical mirror is the progressive thickness cylindrical mirror of the constant gradient thickness of curvature, or the gradual curvature cylindrical mirror of thickness not variable curvature gradual change, or two gummed cylindrical mirror, object is all adjusted on the position at CCD pixel place with the focal position along spectral width direction affecting resolution by the converged position along spectrum short transverse affecting sensitivity.Particularly:
Scheme one, before CCD place one assemble cylindrical mirror, the spectral energy distributed along short transverse is more converged on CCD pixel, CCD receiving plane due to spectrometer is generally linear array or face battle array, therefore can once linear matching meridian focal position be used, the overall position preferably of spectral range resolution is obtained through once linear matching by meridian focal position, determine the angle that CCD puts and position accordingly, the angles of CCD is the angle that fitting a straight line slope provides, and the position that CCD puts is fitting a straight line position.
Can show that before CCD, do not increase convergence cylindrical mirror meridian focuses on and sagittal focusing positional distance difference curved line relation through optical simulation software, as shown in Figure 3.This positional distance difference is compensated by the cylindrical mirror added, and meridian focal position is adjusted in sagittal focusing position.CCD receiving plane due to spectrometer is generally linear array or face battle array, therefore can use once linear matching meridian focal position, as shown in Figure 4, obtains the overall position preferably of spectral range resolution by meridian focal position through once linear matching.
Scheme two, when there being higher requirement to resolution, light refractive index when same Propagation of different wave length is different, so the focus focused on after cylindrical mirror is not in same plane, and adopt unconventional special optical to calibrate eyeglass (unconventional cylindrical mirror), optically focused can be realized to increase sensitivity, keep good spectral resolution simultaneously.
Such as, as far as possible the basic ideas adopting variable curvature cylindrical mirror to strengthen sensitivity in full spectral limit gather on the focal position of meridian ellipse with cylindrical mirror adjustment by focusing on Light distribation sagittal surface affecting longitudinal sensitivity, reduces the impact caused resolution.
In one embodiment, the gradual curvature cylindrical mirror of the thickness not variable curvature gradual change that the present invention proposes, method for designing and process as follows:
According to the focal position distribution of spectrometer focusing of light path under without this optical correction's eyeglass, obtain the distribution coordinate of its each wavelength focus point, usually, spectral condenser is spherical reflector, and the incident rear focal point of directional light is positioned at distance spherical reflector r=1/2R
ballcos α place, wherein, R
ballfor the radius of spherical reflector, α is the angle between parallel input light and concave mirror center normal, can be similar to and think that focus distribution is on circular arc, and the angle residing for different wave length is different, draws the relation curve of wavelength and focal length position.
For citing for simplicity, getting cylindrical mirror is plano-convex lens, by reach each wavelength focus location track be positioned at one parallel with plano-convex lens plane for the purpose of rectification effect, design the curvature of each position lens, complete the post Lens Design of curvature gradual change.Plano-convex lens focal length formula is: f
λ=r
λ/ (n-1), f
λdistribute relevant with focal position, can matching draw, according to fitting result, design the distribution of cylindrical mirror radius r.
Concrete, the design process of variable curvature cylindrical mirror radius r is as follows:
The face supposing cylindrical mirror is plane, i.e. r=∞, by CCD distance cylindrical mirror position L
inrequirement, spectrum line adopts the centre wavelength of spectral range, according to thin lens condition design, can ignore the impact of variation in thickness focusing like this, be designed the curvature r of now cylindrical mirror by software simulation
inand thickness d
inand f
in.
The radius r of variable curvature cylindrical mirror is designed again by the curve of conic fitting in Fig. 4.Particularly, by the meridian sagitta of arc focal position difference Δ Y of conic fitting in Fig. 4
2 λcurve, due to this cylindrical mirror put time, have the angle of inclination requirement of β, so, need alternate position spike Δ Y now
2 λcarry out coordinate transform, the Δ Y turned clockwise according to β under conic fitting
2 λcurve, changes into Δ Y
2 λ' relation curve, then there is the focal length expression of each wavelength of full spectral limit:
F
λ=f
in-(Δ Y
2 λ'-Δ Y
2 in) ≈ f
in-Δ Y
2 λ'+Δ Y
2 in;
By focal distance of thin convex lens formula: f
λ=r
λ/ (n-1), can calculate the curvature value of each wavelength X position, r
λbe the radius value of variable curvature lens.
The r of the variable curvature design lens in the present embodiment
λcurve is as shown in Fig. 5 (a), and the lens schematic diagram drawn is as shown in 5 (b).
Further, CCD and refrigeration control temperature unit, the optical correction unit with aberration correction and energy convergence function organically combine by the present invention, except can stability contorting temperature, and can also the higher spectral resolution of enhanced spectrum detection sensitivity, maintenance.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. improve a spectral measurement CCD module for detection sensitivity, it is characterized in that, comprise optical correction's unit with aberration correction and energy convergence function, before described optical correction unit is arranged on CCD;
Described optical correction unit is conventional cylindrical mirror or unconventional cylindrical mirror, for the converged position along spectrum short transverse affecting sensitivity and the focal position along spectral width direction affecting resolution being all adjusted to the position at CCD pixel place;
Described unconventional cylindrical mirror is the progressive thickness cylindrical mirror of the constant gradient thickness of curvature, or the gradual curvature cylindrical mirror of thickness not variable curvature gradual change, or two gummed cylindrical mirror.
2. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gradual curvature cylindrical mirror, and method for designing is as follows:
According to the focal position distribution of spectrometer focusing of light path under without this gradual curvature cylindrical mirror, obtain the distribution coordinate of its each wavelength focus point, spectral condenser is spherical reflector, and the incident rear focal point of directional light is positioned at distance spherical reflector r=1/2R
ballcos α place, wherein, R
ballfor the radius of spherical reflector, α is the angle between incident light and concave mirror center normal, and the angle residing for different wave length is different, draws the relation curve of wavelength and focal length position;
Getting cylindrical mirror is plano-convex lens, by reach each wavelength focus location track be positioned at one parallel with plano-convex lens plane for the purpose of rectification effect, design the curvature of each position lens, complete the post Lens Design of curvature gradual change, plano-convex lens focal length formula is: f
λ=r
λ/ (n-1), f
λdistribute relevant with focal position, drawn by matching, according to fitting result, design the distribution of cylindrical mirror radius r.
3. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described gradual curvature cylindrical mirror, and the design of radius r is as follows:
The face supposing cylindrical mirror is plane, i.e. r=∞, by CCD distance cylindrical mirror position L
inrequirement, spectrum line adopts the centre wavelength of spectral range, according to thin lens condition design, can ignore the impact of variation in thickness focusing like this, be designed the curvature r of now cylindrical mirror by software simulation
inand thickness d
inand focal distance f
in;
Adopt the curve of conic fitting to design the radius r of variable curvature cylindrical mirror again, by the meridian sagitta of arc focal position difference △ Y of conic fitting
2 λcurve, when this cylindrical mirror is put, has the angle of inclination requirement of β, needs alternate position spike △ Y now
2 λcarry out coordinate transform, the △ Y turned clockwise according to β under conic fitting
2 λcurve, changes into △ Y
2 λ' relation curve, then there is the focal distance f of each wavelength of full spectral limit
λexpression formula:
F
λ=f
in-(△ Y
2 λ '-△ Y
2 in) ≈ f
in-△ Y
2 λ '+ △ Y
2 in;
By focal distance of thin convex lens formula: f
λ=r
λ/ (n-1), calculates the radius-of-curvature value of each wavelength X position, r
λbe the radius value of variable curvature lens.
4. the spectral measurement CCD module of the raising detection sensitivity according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described device comprises further: the heat dissipation box playing sealing and thermolysis, there is optical transmission window the upper end of described heat dissipation box, optical correction's unit is arranged at this optical transmission window, and in described heat dissipation box, surrounding is filled with thermal insulation material.
5. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the bottom of described heat dissipation box becomes pectination flap-type structure to increase surface area, be beneficial to heat radiation, in heat dissipation box, semiconductor chilling plate, heat-conducting block, temperature sensor and CCD are upwards placed successively by bottom in center, and heat-conducting block inside imbedded by described temperature sensor; There is wire hole the side of described heat dissipation box, and the wiring of described semiconductor chilling plate, temperature sensor and CCD is all drawn from this wire hole.
6. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the material selection aluminium alloy of described heat dissipation box or copper.
7. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described semiconductor chilling plate, heat-conducting block, between temperature sensor and CCD each surface of contact all by heat conductive silica gel intimate contact.
8. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the material selection red copper of described heat-conducting block or aluminium alloy.
9. the spectral measurement CCD module of raising detection sensitivity according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, thermistor selected by described temperature sensor.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109348090A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-15 | 华核（天津）新技术开发有限公司 | The infrared line-scan digital camera of accurate temperature controller type and control method |
| CN110866235A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-03-06 | 上海交通大学 | Identity recognition method and device for simultaneously capturing human pulse and vein images |
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