CN105331926A - N-C-Cr-V-RE multi-element co-diffusion material for 45 steel surface strengthening - Google Patents
N-C-Cr-V-RE multi-element co-diffusion material for 45 steel surface strengthening Download PDFInfo
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- CN105331926A CN105331926A CN201510744501.5A CN201510744501A CN105331926A CN 105331926 A CN105331926 A CN 105331926A CN 201510744501 A CN201510744501 A CN 201510744501A CN 105331926 A CN105331926 A CN 105331926A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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Abstract
The invention discloses an N-C-Cr-V-RE multi-element co-diffusion material for 45 steel surface strengthening. The co-diffusion material comprises the following two parts including a J-2 base salt material and a Cr-V-RE co-diffusion material, wherein the Cr-V-RE co-diffusion material is prepared from borax, NaF, K2CO3, V2O5, Cr2O3, aluminum powder and RE. After being subjected to 570 DEG C*4h N-C pre nitrocarburizing, 950 DEG C*6h Cr-V-RE co-diffusion and 550 DEG C*2h tempering, the diffusion layer structure of 45 steel is compact and continuous and high in corrosion resistance and hardness, and surface strengthening properties of corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of plastic molds and various mechanical parts are guaranteed. The process is simple; the operation is convenient; the heat treatment period is short; the controllability is high; the property defects of unit diffusion metal or nonmetal are overcome; the application prospects are quite wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mould and machinery part surface strengthening field, especially relate to a kind of N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements.
Background technology
45 steel are common used materials of mould of plastics and mechanical component, cheap, easily obtain, but normative heat treatment or carburizing, nitriding thermo-chemical treatment surface hardness low, wear no resistance, corrosion-resistant, affect the work-ing life of mould of plastics and mechanical component.
Common plastics mould and machinery part surface intensifying technology are roughly divided into three classes; The first kind is that Surface heat-treatent comprises hard surfacing and thermo-chemical treatment, and hard surfacing has again induction quenching, pulsed quenching, flame quenching etc., and thermo-chemical treatment is as nitriding, carburizing, carbonitriding, boronising, chromising, vanadinizing and be total to cementation of rare-earth etc.; Equations of The Second Kind is plating and electroless plating; 3rd gas-like phase deposition comprises PVC, CVD, PCVD etc.By surface strengthening technology, the surface hardness of mould of plastics and mechanical component can be improved further, wear resistance, solidity to corrosion etc., improve use properties and work-ing life.
The present invention adopts low temperature compound surface strengthen connotation technology, in conjunction with TRD technology, strong nitrogen carbide V and Cr metallic element and RE, N, C is selected to ooze altogether, diffusion layer organization is fine and close, erosion resistance is strong, hardness is high, compensate for the defect of unit metallic cementation or nonmetal performance deficiency, open up the frontier of 45 steel multiple permeations, realize mould of plastics and the short manufacturing processed of machinery part surface treatment cycle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for 45 steel provide that a kind of diffusion layer organization is fine and close, erosion resistance is strong, hardness is high, not only can make up the defect of unit metallic cementation or nonmetal performance deficiency, also shorten the novel method of the surface strengthening in the cycle of mould of plastics and machinery part surface process.
In order to solve the problem, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, and the described material that oozes altogether comprises following two sections of material: J-2 type base salt, Cr-V-RE ooze material altogether.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, being made up of the ion of following weight percent of described J-2 type base salt: M
+44% ~ 46%, CNO
-38% ~ 42%, CO
2- 314% ~ 18%, M
+for Na
+, K
+, Li
+and.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of following raw material: borax, NaF, K
2cO
3, V
2o
5, Cr
2o
3, aluminium powder, RE.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 52 ~ 64 parts, NaF6 ~ 12 part, K
2cO
37 ~ 13 parts, V
2o
56 parts, Cr
2o
32 ~ 4 parts, aluminium powder 4 ~ 9 parts, RE3 ~ 6 part.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 52 parts, NaF6 part, K
2cO
37 parts, V
2o
56 parts, Cr
2o
32 parts, aluminium powder 4 parts, RE3 part.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 58 parts, NaF9 part, K
2cO
310 parts, V
2o
59 parts, Cr
2o
33 parts, aluminium powder 6.5 parts, RE4.5 part.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 64 parts, NaF12 part, K
2cO
313 parts, V
2o
512 parts, Cr
2o
34 parts, aluminium powder 9 parts, RE6 part.
J-2 type base salt can simultaneously for matrix provides N, C source, and the treatment temp of this base salt is suitable with 45 steel belt roof bolt temperature, is convenient to carry out salt bath and oozes the thermal treatment combined with tempering altogether.Cr-V-RE oozes the borax added in material altogether and at high temperature decomposes generation sodium metaborate, and sodium metaborate can dissolve the original zone of oxidation of matrix surface, thus keeps specimen surface to clean, and is conducive to the active vanadium atom of surface adsorption.NaF can effectively improve salt bath activity as activator, improves the speed of metallic cementation and the effect of some neutral salt.Aluminium in salt bath with V
2o
5, Cr
2o
3reaction generates Al
2o
3, Al
2o
3form the continuation reaction that fine and close film stops other aluminium parcel in aluminium, and NaF can make Al
2o
3there is sodium fusion phenomenon, cause part Al
2o
3duct occurs that melting is caved in, and allows Al can continue to displace the active atomic of V and Cr.The aluminium powder that Cr-V-RE oozes in material altogether can also as reductive agent, and aluminium powder is suitable for the reductive agent used in salt bath reducing power compared with silica flour or other is strong, and aluminium powder can also improve the mobility of salt bath.K
2cO
3be conducive to the mobility improving salt bath, the cleaning of the residual salt of sample is become different, and K
2cO
3the metal oxide decomposed under high temperature, K
2o can promote the dissolving of Cr in salt bath, can play and urge the effect of oozing.V
2o
5and Cr
2o
3all select corresponding oxide powder for chromium for vanadium agent, first alloy and metal powder price comparison expensive, pulverize difficulty, gravity segregation is serious; Next selects alloy and metal powder to be difficult to obtain smooth surface as penetration enhancer, and this is that reason metal gathers in crucible bottom than great easily sinking, and not easily melts completely in salt bath, sinters agglomerating sometimes.Particularly metallic particles reinforces ground weldbonding when specimen surface, can affect the activity on surface, also by fully stirring and taking other adequate measure to solve, will can increase Financial cost and labor capacity.Because oxide compound easily melts in borax bath, be conducive to suspending, can not segregation in crucible bottom and adhere to workpiece surface, can the treatment time be shortened, reduce costs, improve matter type.Institute selects V for chromium for vanadium agent
2o
5, Cr
2o
3powder.RE plays the carrying out accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, provides more active atomic simultaneously, and can accelerate the diffusion of active atomic.
The present invention adopts low temperature compound surface strengthen connotation technology, in conjunction with TRD technology, strong nitrogen carbide V and Cr metallic element and RE, N, C is selected to ooze altogether, diffusion layer organization is fine and close, erosion resistance is strong, hardness is high, compensate for the defect of unit metallic cementation or nonmetal performance deficiency, open up the frontier of 45 steel multiple permeations, realize mould of plastics and the short manufacturing processed of machinery part surface treatment cycle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the tissue topography that N-C oozes co-penetration layer after 3h altogether;
Fig. 2 is the tissue topography that N-C oozes co-penetration layer after 4h altogether;
Fig. 3 is the tissue topography that N-C oozes co-penetration layer after 5h altogether;
Fig. 4 is the weight fraction that Cr-V-RE oozes raw material is altogether lower N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer tissue pattern in limited time;
The N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer tissue pattern that Fig. 5 is weight fraction that Cr-V-RE oozes raw material altogether when being mid point;
Fig. 6 is the weight fraction that Cr-V-RE oozes raw material is altogether upper N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer tissue pattern in limited time;
Fig. 7 is N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer material phase analysis;
Fig. 8 is N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer microhardness.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification sheets word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
First to polish successively 45 steel curved beam with the sand paper of 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000#, then wash sample with acetone, alcohol and water successively.Adopt J-2 type base salt to ooze N-C in advance, technique is 570 DEG C × 3h, and technique is 570 DEG C × 4h, and technique is 570 DEG C × 5h, oil cooling.Oozing the N-C time is in advance respectively 3h, 4h and 5h, different ooze in advance under the time diffusion layer organization
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively the diffusion layer organization of 45 steel after oozing N-C3h, 4h and 5h in advance, and diffusion layer organization is tectorium and tight zone as seen from the figure, and tight zone dominant is Fe mutually
3n.Infiltration layer under the more different time of oozing in advance is known, under being the condition of 4h in the time of oozing in advance of embodiment 2 to ooze effect in advance best, show as tight zone thicker, continuity is good, is mingled with few.
Embodiment 2
For the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material of 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 52 parts, NaF6 part, K
2cO
37 parts, V
2o
56 parts, Cr
2o
32 parts, aluminium powder 4 parts, RE3 part.
N-C oozes in advance: first to polish successively 45 steel curved beam with the sand paper of 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000#, wash sample successively subsequently with acetone, alcohol and water.Adopt J-2 type base salt pair 45 steel to ooze N-C in advance, technique is: 570 DEG C × 4h, oil cooling.The tectorium jettisoning of N-C sample will be oozed in advance, and then wash with acetone, alcohol and water successively and ooze sample in advance.
Cr-V-RE oozes altogether: resistance furnace is warming up to 850 DEG C, starts to add borax; Interval 10min is by NaF and K
2cO
3mixing adds in borax, regulates borax mobility.By V after the 10min of interval
2o
5and Cr
2o
3mixing adds in borax, is pressed into aluminium powder bag (aluminium powder is inflammable need be wrapped up with aluminium foil) and restores V after stirring
2o
5and Cr
2o
3in V, Cr atom.Add rare earth after the 10min of interval, rare earth can play the carrying out accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, provides more active atomic, and can accelerate the diffusion of active atomic.Fused salt stirs and adds sample by interval 10min, is warming up to 950 DEG C, takes out oil cooling after insulation 6h, subsequently with the residual salt being attached to specimen surface as removing in boiling water.
Tempering: finally put into through oozing the style after process altogether 550 DEG C of double temperings that air stove carries out 2h.
By oozing in advance through N-C, Cr-V-RE blends the sample after temper altogether successively with the cleaning of acetone, alcohol and water.Measure N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer respectively from surface to the microhardness of matrix and the tissue topography of observation after 5% nital corrosion.
Embodiment 3
For the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material of 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 58 parts, NaF9 part, K
2cO
310 parts, V
2o
59 parts, Cr
2o
33 parts, aluminium powder 6.5 parts, RE4.5 part.
N-C oozes in advance: to polish successively 45 steel curved beam with the sand paper of 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000#, wash sample successively subsequently with acetone, alcohol and water.Adopt J-2 type base salt pair 45 steel to ooze N-C in advance, technique is: 570 DEG C × 4h, oil cooling.The tectorium jettisoning of N-C sample will be oozed in advance, and then wash with acetone, alcohol and water successively and ooze sample in advance.
Cr-V-RE oozes altogether: resistance furnace is warming up to 850 DEG C, starts to add borax; Interval 10min is by NaF and K
2cO
3mixing adds in borax, regulates borax mobility.By V after the 10min of interval
2o
5and Cr
2o
3mixing adds in borax, is pressed into aluminium powder bag (aluminium powder is inflammable need be wrapped up with aluminium foil) and restores V after stirring
2o
5and Cr
2o
3in V, Cr atom.Add rare earth after the 10min of interval, rare earth can play the carrying out accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, provides more active atomic, and can accelerate the diffusion of active atomic.Fused salt stirs and adds sample by interval 10min, is warming up to 950 DEG C, takes out oil cooling after insulation 6h, subsequently with the residual salt being attached to specimen surface as removing in boiling water.
Tempering: finally put into through oozing the style after process altogether 550 DEG C of double temperings that air stove carries out 2h.
By oozing in advance through N-C, Cr-V-RE blends the sample after temper altogether successively with the cleaning of acetone, alcohol and water.Measure N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer respectively from surface to the microhardness of matrix and the tissue topography of observation after 5% nital corrosion.
Embodiment 4
For the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material of 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction: borax 64 parts, NaF12 part, K
2cO
313 parts, V
2o
512 parts, Cr
2o
34 parts, aluminium powder 9 parts, RE6 part.
N-C oozes in advance: to polish successively 45 steel curved beam with the sand paper of 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000#, wash sample successively subsequently with acetone, alcohol and water.Adopt J-2 type base salt pair 45 steel to ooze N-C in advance, technique is: 570 DEG C × 4h, oil cooling.The tectorium jettisoning of N-C sample will be oozed in advance, and then wash with acetone, alcohol and water successively and ooze sample in advance.
Cr-V-RE oozes altogether: resistance furnace is warming up to 850 DEG C, starts to add borax; Interval 10min is by NaF and K
2cO
3mixing adds in borax, regulates borax mobility.By V after the 10min of interval
2o
5and Cr
2o
3mixing adds in borax, is pressed into aluminium powder bag (aluminium powder is inflammable need be wrapped up with aluminium foil) and restores V after stirring
2o
5and Cr
2o
3in V, Cr atom.Add rare earth after the 10min of interval, rare earth can play the carrying out accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, provides more active atomic, and can accelerate the diffusion of active atomic.Fused salt stirs and adds sample by interval 10min, is warming up to 950 DEG C, takes out oil cooling after insulation 6h, subsequently with the residual salt being attached to specimen surface as removing in boiling water.
Tempering: finally put into through oozing the style after process altogether 550 DEG C of double temperings that air stove carries out 2h.
By oozing in advance through N-C, Cr-V-RE blends the sample after temper altogether successively with the cleaning of acetone, alcohol and water.Measure N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer respectively from surface to the microhardness of matrix and the tissue topography of observation after 5% nital corrosion.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation process of 45 steel through embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, and the tissue topography after corroding with 5% nital.Integrated comparative is known, and the infiltration layer of embodiment 3 is fine and close and continuity is good, and it is best to ooze effect altogether.Show thus, 45 steel are by the borax 58 parts of weight fraction, NaF9 part, K
2cO
310 parts, V
2o
59 parts, Cr
2o
33 parts, the Cr-V-RE that makes of aluminium powder 6.5 parts, the RE4.5 part raw material N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation effect of oozing altogether under material is best.
Fig. 7 is the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation layer material phase analysis collection of illustrative plates of embodiment 3.As shown in Figure 7, main containing CrN, VN, VC, V in infiltration layer
6c
5, V
8c
7etc. phase, wherein CrN can improve nitrided layer hardness and corrosion resistance, the nitrogen carbide of vanadium then can improve the wear resistance of infiltration layer, rotproofness, toughness, intensity, ductility and the over-all properties such as hardness and thermal fatigue resistance, and these thing mutual-assistance infiltration layers in co-penetration layer are provided with more superior performance.
Curve a in Fig. 8, curve b and curve c be respectively 45 steel after the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation process of embodiment 3, embodiment 2 and embodiment 4 by infiltration layer to the microhardness of matrix, as shown in Figure 8, curve a, curve b are consistent with the nitrided layer hardness variation tendency of curve c, namely reduce gradually from surface and be transitioned into matrix hardness, and under the same terms, the microhardness of embodiment 3 and the hardness of curve a the highest, show that its intensity is the highest.
Embodiment 5
Get the unit abrasion loss contrast test that N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation sample, modified sample and carbonitriding sample carry out two cycles, test result is as shown in table 1.The experimental result of contrast table 1 finds, multiple permeation sample unit surface abrasion loss is minimum, and total abrasion loss in two cycles is only 11.35mg/cm
2, and the abrasion loss of modified sample is its about 16 times, the abrasion loss of carbonitriding sample is its about 13 times, and the specimen surface wear resistance as seen through multiple permeation process is very good.
The unit abrasion loss situation of table 1N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation sample, modified sample and carbonitriding sample
Embodiment 6
Get N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation sample and common tempering sample and carry out corrosion weight loss and corrosion speed test, test result is as shown in table 2.In experiment, multiple permeation sample main corrosion form is slight spot corrosion, and common tempering specimen surface seriously corroded.As shown in Table 2, no matter be multiple permeation sample or common tempering sample, at 10%H
2sO
4corrode in solution all than seriously corroded in 10%HCl solution, and along with the growth of etching time, corrosion weight loss amount increases.5 ~ 6 times of the corrosion weight loss of common tempering sample in these two kinds of acid the chances are multiple permeation sample, visible multiple permeation specimen surface solidity to corrosion is better.
Table 2N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation sample and modified sample corrode and reduced gravity situations
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification sheets and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (7)
1. for a N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements, it is characterized in that, the described material that oozes altogether comprises following two sections of material: J-2 type base salt, Cr-V-RE ooze material altogether.
2. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements according to claim 1, is characterized in that, being made up of the ion of following weight percent of described J-2 type base salt: M
+44% ~ 46%, CNO
-38% ~ 42%, CO
2- 314% ~ 18%, M
+for Na
+, K
+, Li
+and.
3. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of following raw material: borax, NaF, K
2cO
3, V
2o
5, Cr
2o
3, aluminium powder, RE.
4. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: borax 52 ~ 64 parts, NaF6 ~ 12 part, K
2cO
37 ~ 13 parts, V
2o
56 parts, Cr
2o
32 ~ 4 parts, aluminium powder 4 ~ 9 parts, RE3 ~ 6 part.
5. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: borax 52 parts, NaF6 part, K
2cO
37 parts, V
2o
56 parts, Cr
2o
32 parts, aluminium powder 4 parts, RE3 part.
6. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: borax 58 parts, NaF9 part, K
2cO
310 parts, V
2o
59 parts, Cr
2o
33 parts, aluminium powder 6.5 parts, RE4.5 part.
7. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multiple permeation material for 45 steel surface reinforcements according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described Cr-V-RE oozes material altogether and is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: borax 64 parts, NaF12 part, K
2cO
313 parts, V
2o
512 parts, Cr
2o
34 parts, aluminium powder 9 parts, RE6 part.
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| CN105506545A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Chromizing agent for quickly chromizing 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN materials of ultra-supercritical steam turbines at high temperatures and method for preparing chromizing agent |
| CN107201496A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-26 | 武汉铭高新材料有限公司 | A kind of method for preparing chromium based ceramic metal hardened layer in stainless steel surfaces |
| CN107761048A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-06 | 广西大学 | The method that N C V Mo RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments strengthen steel material surface |
| CN110218968A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-10 | 牡丹江师范学院 | A kind of method that low temperature liquid phase expands infiltration raising steel surface corrosion resistance |
| CN115125477A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-30 | 常州铂林热处理有限公司 | Composite nitriding heat treatment process |
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| CN105506545A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Chromizing agent for quickly chromizing 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN materials of ultra-supercritical steam turbines at high temperatures and method for preparing chromizing agent |
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