CN105321728A - Carbon nanotube composite material, preparation method thereof, electrode and super capacitor - Google Patents
Carbon nanotube composite material, preparation method thereof, electrode and super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon nanotube composite material. The method comprises the steps that S101) a spinning precursor solution containing PAN, PVP and nickel acetate is prepared; S102) the spinning precursor solution is used to prepare PAN/PVP/nickel acetate composite nanometer fibers by a spinning technology; S103) PAN/PVP/nickel acetate composite nanometer fibers are placed in a reacting furnace, PVP, PVA or PEO is also placed in the reacting furnace, and heat treatment is carried out to obtain a carbon nanotube/nickel/carbon fiber composite carbon material; and S104) activation and nickel removal are carried out on the carbon nanotube/nickel/carbon fiber composite carbon material successively to obtain the carbon nanotube composite material. The invention also provides the carbon nanotube composite material prepared by the method, an electrode prepared from the carbon nanotube composite material, and a super capacitor with the electrode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of carbon nano tube compound material, and the preparation method of this carbon nano tube compound material, the invention still further relates to and adopt this carbon nano tube compound material to be a kind of electrode that raw material prepares and the ultracapacitor comprising this electrode.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor (supercapacitor) be again electrochemical capacitor, double-layer capacitor, be the development in recent years one of getting up based on Cathode/Solution Interface electrochemical process, be specifically designed to the extraordinary capacitor of energy storage.Ultracapacitor has higher specific power, the electrolytic capacitor high hundreds of times that power density ratio is traditional; Ultracapacitor has longer cycle life, and charge and discharge circulation life reaches more than 500,000 times.Therefore ultracapacitor is a kind of desirable secondary power supply, in mobile communication, information technology, electric automobile, Aero-Space and science and techniques of defence etc., have of crucial importance and wide application prospect.
Electrode is the key of electrochemical capacitor, decides the main performance index of capacitor.The core of electrochemical capacitor development is exactly the development of its electrode material, and desirable electrode material requires that degree of crystallinity is high, good conductivity, specific area large, micropore concentrates in certain scope (requiring that micropore is greater than 2nm).The electrode material of prior art has porous carbon material, metal oxide containing precious metals, conductive polymer polymer and advanced composite material (ACM) etc.; Porous carbon material comprises activated carbon powder, activated carbon fiber, charcoal-aero gel, carbon nano-tube.Wherein, specific surface area of carbon nanotube is large, and better crystallinity degree, good conductivity is a kind of electrode material of desirable ultracapacitor.But simple carbon nano-tube material is because its diameter is on molecular scale, the gap between carbon nano-tube is less, is difficult to give play to the large characteristic of its specific area.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the preparation method of a kind of carbon nano tube compound material and this carbon nano tube compound material, adopt this carbon nano tube compound material be the application of electrode for preparing of raw material in ultracapacitor, the energy density of ultracapacitor can be improved.
To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A preparation method for carbon nano tube compound material, comprises step:
S101, preparation comprise the spinning precursor solution of PAN, PVP and nickel acetate;
S102, described spinning precursor solution is prepared PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber by spinning technique;
S103, described PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber is put into reacting furnace, and put into PVP, PVA or PEO in reacting furnace, heat-treat, obtain carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material;
S104, described carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material carried out activation processing successively and goes nickel process, obtaining carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber complex carbon material, namely obtain described carbon nano tube compound material.
Preferably, in described spinning precursor solution, the weight percent content of PAN be the weight percent content of 6 ~ 10%, PVP for being greater than 0 and being less than or equal to 2%, the weight percent content of nickel acetate is 1 ~ 5 ‰, and surplus is DMF.
Preferably, in step s 102, described spinning technique is electrostatic spinning process, its process conditions are specially: arranging nozzle diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.7mm, the angle of adjustment nozzle and horizontal plane is 15 ~ 50 °, applies the direct voltage of 9 ~ 15kV, solidification distance 15 ~ 25cm, temperature 10 ~ 40 DEG C, relative humidity is 10 ~ 60%.
Preferably, in step s 102, also comprise: the PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber obtained is heated to 270 ~ 280 DEG C, heat-treats 1 ~ 3h in air atmosphere; Wherein the speed of heat temperature raising is 1 ~ 3 DEG C/min.
Preferably, in step s 103,1 ~ 3 times of the quality that the amount putting into PVP, PVA or PEO in reacting furnace is added PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber.
Preferably, in step s 103, the process conditions of heat-treating are specially: under inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere, at the temperature of 850 ~ 1000 DEG C, heat-treat 2 ~ 3h.
Preferably, in step S104, the process conditions of carrying out activation processing are specially: the ratio being 1:3 ~ 5 in mass ratio by carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material and potassium hydroxide mixes, under inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere, first be heated to the reaction 30 ~ 60min of 200 ~ 250 DEG C, then be heated to 700 ~ 800 DEG C of reaction 1 ~ 2h; Wherein the speed of heat temperature raising is 3 ~ 5 DEG C/min; The process conditions of carrying out nickel process are specially: it is in the salpeter solution of 5 ~ 10M that the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material after activation is put into concentration, removing nickel.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of carbon nano tube compound material, the carbon nano-tube comprising a large amount of carbon fibers and be grown on described carbon fiber, wherein, the length of described carbon fiber is 10 μm ~ 10mm, the diameter of described carbon nano-tube is 20 ~ 50nm, and length is 500nm ~ 1 μm.
Preferably, in described carbon nano tube compound material, the weight ratio of carbon fiber and carbon nano-tube is: 1:0.5 ~ 3.
Another aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of electrode, and the material of described electrode comprises carbon nano tube compound material as above.
Another aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of ultracapacitor, comprise the first electrode and the second electrode that are oppositely arranged and the barrier film between described first electrode and the second electrode, electrolyte is filled with between described first electrode and the second electrode, described first electrode and the second electrode are connected to connecting electrode, it is characterized in that, described first electrode and the second electrode adopt electrode as above.
Preferably, described electrolyte is aqueous electrolyte or il electrolyte.
Preferably, the sodium hydroxide solution of described aqueous electrolyte to be concentration be 1 ~ 3M, described il electrolyte is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate.
Beneficial effect:
In the preparation method of the carbon nano tube compound material provided in the embodiment of the present invention, solid-phase carbon source PVP, PVA, PEO etc. of safety are adopted to carry out carbon nano-tube, and the hydrocarbon that the carbon source preparing carbon nano-tube in prior art all adopts the chemical property such as ethene, acetylene, methane more active, it is all inflammable and explosive chemicals, therefore compared to prior art, technical scheme provided by the invention requires low to equipment and instrument, and fail safe is higher.
The carbon nano tube compound material provided in the embodiment of the present invention is the carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy, compared with carbon fiber, there is larger specific area, adopt this material to prepare electrode and be applied in ultracapacitor, when the electrolyte of capacitor is aqueous electrolyte, ultracapacitor can obtain close to 7.5Wh/Kg energy density, is far longer than the energy density (4.8Wh/Kg) of simple carbon fiber or carbon nano-tube.
More it is worth noting, in other embodiment of the present invention, when the electrolyte of capacitor is il electrolyte, ultracapacitor energy density at room temperature brings up to 70.7Wh/Kg widely, and 60 DEG C time, the energy density that it exports even can reach ~ 100Wh/Kg, hardly differs with lithium ion battery.The more important thing is, after 20000 circulations, its capacity still can remain on more than 97%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The process chart of the preparation method of the carbon nano tube compound material that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The structural representation of the ultracapacitor that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube compound material that the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 prepares.
Fig. 4 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube compound material that the embodiment of the present invention 3 prepares.
Fig. 5 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube compound material that the embodiment of the present invention 4 prepares.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, technical scheme of the present invention provide firstly a kind of preparation method of carbon nano tube compound material, comprises step:
S101, preparation comprise the spinning precursor solution of PAN (polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile), PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinylpyrrolidone) and nickel acetate.Wherein, in described spinning precursor solution, the weight percent content of PAN is 6 ~ 10%, the weight percent content of PVP is for being greater than 0 and being less than or equal to 2%, the weight percent content of nickel acetate is 1 ~ 5 ‰, and surplus is DMF (DMF, N, N-Dimethylformamide); Particularly, PAN, PVP and DMF mix and blend is obtained clear solution, then adds nickel acetate, mix and blend is until form the spinning precursor solution of green transparent.
S102, described spinning precursor solution is prepared PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber by spinning technique.Further, the PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate obtained is heated to 270 ~ 280 DEG C, heat-treats 1 ~ 3h in air atmosphere; Wherein the speed of heat temperature raising is 1 ~ 3 DEG C/min.
S103, described PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber is put into reacting furnace, and in reacting furnace, put into PVP, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol, or PEO (polyethylene glycol oxide polyvinylalcohol), Polyethyleneoxide), heat-treat, obtain carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material.Wherein, the process conditions of heat-treating are specially: under inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere, at the temperature of 850 ~ 1000 DEG C, heat-treat 2 ~ 3h; 1 ~ 3 times of the quality that the amount putting into PVP, PVA or PEO in reacting furnace is added PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber.
S104, described carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material carried out activation processing successively and goes nickel process, obtaining carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber complex carbon material, namely obtain described carbon nano tube compound material.Wherein, the process conditions of carrying out activation processing are specially: the ratio being 1:3 ~ 5 in mass ratio by carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material and potassium hydroxide mixes, under inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere, first be heated to the reaction 30 ~ 60min of 200 ~ 250 DEG C, then be heated to 700 ~ 800 DEG C of reaction 1 ~ 2h; Wherein the speed of heat temperature raising is 3 ~ 5 DEG C/min; The process conditions of nickel process are gone to be specially: it is in the salpeter solution of 5 ~ 10M that the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material after activation is put into concentration, removing nickel.
In the preparation method of above carbon nano tube compound material, solid-phase carbon source PVP, PVA, PEO etc. of safety are adopted to carry out carbon nano-tube, and the hydrocarbon that the carbon source preparing carbon nano-tube in prior art all adopts the chemical property such as ethene, acetylene, methane more active, it is all inflammable and explosive chemicals, therefore compared to prior art, technical scheme provided by the invention requires low to equipment and instrument, and fail safe is higher.
The carbon nano tube compound material obtained according to preparation method is as above the carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy, the carbon nano-tube that this composite material comprises a large amount of carbon fibers and is grown on described carbon fiber, wherein, the length of described carbon fiber is 10 μm ~ 10mm, the diameter of described carbon nano-tube is 20 ~ 50nm, and length is 500nm ~ 1 μm.Further, in this carbon nano tube compound material, the weight ratio of carbon fiber and carbon nano-tube is: 1:0.5 ~ 3.Because carbon nano tube growth is on carbon fiber, the gap between carbon nano-tube is comparatively large, has given full play to the characteristic that specific surface area of carbon nanotube is large, has adopted this material to prepare electrode and be applied in ultracapacitor, can obtain higher energy density.
In the present embodiment, adopt tablet press machine that described carbon nano tube compound material compressing tablet is formed the electrode of laminated structure.Wherein, the preferred scope of the thickness of the electrode of this laminated structure is 20 ~ 100 μm.
As shown in Figure 2, the electrode of above laminated structure is used for building double electric layers supercapacitor, this ultracapacitor comprises the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 that are oppositely arranged and the barrier film 3 between described first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, electrolyte 4 is filled with between described first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, described first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are connected to connecting electrode 5, wherein, described first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 adopt the electrode of laminated structure described above.
Wherein, described barrier film 3 can be chosen as polypropylene porous membrane, polyethylene porous film or glass fibre porous membrane; The material of described connecting electrode 5 is conducting metal, and described conducting metal is copper, nickel, platinum, silver or golden; Described electrolyte 4 can be chosen as aqueous electrolyte or il electrolyte, such as, the sodium hydroxide solution of described aqueous electrolyte can be concentration be 1 ~ 3M, described il electrolyte can be selected to be 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate.
Embodiment 1
By the PAN (150 of 8.9g, 000g/mol) and PVP (1,000, the 000---1 of 1g, 500,000g/mol) mix, add the DMF (DMF) of 90g, magnetic agitation 3 hours, obtain clear solution, then add 0.1g nickel acetate, stir until form the spinning precursor solution of green transparent.Precursor solution, by electrostatic spinning technique, obtains PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber.Wherein, the process conditions of electrostatic spinning are: nozzle diameter 0.5mm, and the angle of adjustment nozzle and horizontal plane is 40 °, apply the direct voltage of 10kV, and solidification distance 20cm, temperature 25 DEG C, relative humidity is 30%.By PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber heat treatment 2h under 275 DEG C of air atmospheres, heating rate is 1 DEG C/min.Be transferred to subsequently in tube furnace, put into the PVP of 2 times of PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber quality in boiler tube, under argon gas (99.99%) atmosphere, 900 DEG C of heat treatment 2h, obtain the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy.Carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber the complex carbon material of hierarchy and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio 1:5) react 30 minutes under 250 degree, be warmed up to 750 degree again and react 1 hour, reaction under an argon atmosphere, heating rate is 5 DEG C/min, obtains the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material of the hierarchy after activating.Carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber the complex carbon material of the hierarchy after activation is put in the salpeter solution of 7M, and removing nickel, obtains the carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy.Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube compound material that the present embodiment prepares.
Adopt tablet press machine that the carbon nano tube compound material compressing tablet prepared above is formed the electrode that thickness is the laminated structure of 40 μm.This pellet electrode is applied in ultracapacitor, assemble according to the structure of ultracapacitor as shown in Figure 2, wherein, first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 adopt the pellet electrode as front prepared, barrier film 3 adopts fibreglass diaphragm, the electrolyte 4 of filling is the sodium hydroxide solution of 1.0M, and the material of connecting electrode 5 is platinum.Through test, this capacity of super capacitor is 7.5Wh/Kg.
Embodiment 2
As different from Example 1, in the present embodiment, when assembling ultracapacitor, the electrolyte of filling is for being 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4).Through test, under the ultracapacitor room temperature obtained, capacity is 70.7Wh/Kg.60 DEG C time, the capacity of super capacitor obtained is 101Wh/Kg, and after carrying out 20000 charge and discharge cycles, its capacity still can remain on 98Wh/Kg, and decay is less than 3%.
Compared with embodiment 1, the ultracapacitor of the present embodiment adopts 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) as electrolyte, EMIMBF4 is a kind of ionic liquid, as can be seen from the result of above contrast, adopt ionic liquid to be applied in ultracapacitor provided by the invention as electrolyte, considerably increase capacity and the useful life thereof of ultracapacitor.
Embodiment 3
By the PAN (150 of 6g, 000g/mol) and PVP (1,000, the 000---1 of 0.8g, 500,000g/mol) mix, add the DMF (DMF) of 93g, magnetic agitation 3 hours, obtain clear solution, then add 0.2g nickel acetate, stir until form the spinning precursor solution of green transparent.Precursor solution, by electrostatic spinning technique, obtains PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber.Wherein, the process conditions of electrostatic spinning are: nozzle diameter 0.3mm, and the angle of adjustment nozzle and horizontal plane is 45 °, apply the direct voltage of 9kV, and solidification distance 15cm, temperature 40 DEG C, relative humidity is 40%.By PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber heat treatment 3h under 270 DEG C of air atmospheres, heating rate is 2 DEG C/min.Be transferred to subsequently in tube furnace, the PVA of 3 times of PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber quality is put in boiler tube, under argon gas (99.99%) atmosphere (also can the atmosphere at other inert gases or nitrogen in), 850 DEG C of heat treatment 3h, obtain the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy.Carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber the complex carbon material of hierarchy and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio 1:3) are reacted 45 minutes under 230 degree, be warmed up to 700 degree again and react 2 hours, reaction under an argon atmosphere (also can in the atmosphere of other inert gases or nitrogen), heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, obtains the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material of the hierarchy after activating.Carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber the complex carbon material of the hierarchy after activation is put in the salpeter solution of 5M, and removing nickel, obtains the carbon pipe/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy.Fig. 4 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube compound material that the present embodiment prepares.
Adopt tablet press machine that the carbon nano tube compound material compressing tablet prepared above is formed the electrode that thickness is the laminated structure of 20 μm.This pellet electrode is applied in ultracapacitor, assemble according to the structure of ultracapacitor as shown in Figure 2, wherein, first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 adopt the pellet electrode as front prepared, barrier film 3 adopts polypropylene porous membrane, the electrolyte 4 of filling is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, and the material of connecting electrode 5 is silver.Through test, the capacity of super capacitor obtained is 60.7Wh/Kg.
Embodiment 4
By the PAN (150 of 10g, 000g/mol) PVP (1,000, the 000---1 of He O 1.5g, 500,000g/mol) mix, add the DMF (DMF) of 88g, magnetic agitation 3 hours, obtain clear solution, then add 0.5g nickel acetate, stir until form the spinning precursor solution of green transparent.Precursor solution, by electrostatic spinning technique, obtains PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber.Wherein, the process conditions of electrostatic spinning are: nozzle diameter 0.7mm, and the angle of adjustment nozzle and horizontal plane is 20 °, apply the direct voltage of 15kV, and solidification distance 25cm, temperature 50 C, relative humidity is 50%.By PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber heat treatment 1h under 280 DEG C of air atmospheres, heating rate is 3 DEG C/min.Be transferred to subsequently in tube furnace, the PEO of 1 times of PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber quality is put in boiler tube, under argon gas (99.99%) atmosphere, 1000 DEG C of heat treatment 2.5h, obtain the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy.Carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber the complex carbon material of hierarchy and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio 1:4) are reacted 60 minutes under 200 degree, be warmed up to 800 degree again and react 1.5 hours, reaction under an argon atmosphere, heating rate is 4 DEG C/min, obtains the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material of the hierarchy after activating.Carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber the complex carbon material of the hierarchy after activation is put in the salpeter solution of 10M, and removing nickel, obtains the carbon pipe/carbon fiber complex carbon material of hierarchy.Fig. 5 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube compound material that the present embodiment prepares.
Adopt tablet press machine that the carbon nano tube compound material compressing tablet prepared above is formed the electrode that thickness is the laminated structure of 100 μm.This pellet electrode is applied in ultracapacitor, assemble according to the structure of ultracapacitor as shown in Figure 2, wherein, first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 adopt the pellet electrode as front prepared, barrier film 3 adopts polyethylene porous film, the electrolyte 4 of filling is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4), and the material of connecting electrode 5 is gold.Through test, the capacity of super capacitor obtained is 65Wh/Kg.
In above embodiment, carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber the complex carbon material prepared is adopted to prepare electrode and be applied in ultracapacitor, when the electrolyte of capacitor is aqueous electrolyte, such as embodiment 1, ultracapacitor can obtain close to 7.5Wh/Kg energy density, is far longer than the energy density (4.8Wh/Kg) of simple carbon fiber.More it is worth noting, when the electrolyte of capacitor is il electrolyte, ultracapacitor energy density at room temperature improves widely, and such as embodiment 2-4 even can bring up to 70.7Wh/Kg, as in embodiment 2.And 60 DEG C time, the energy density that it exports even can reach ~ 100Wh/Kg, hardly differ with lithium ion battery.The more important thing is, after 20000 circulations, its capacity still can remain on more than 97%.
It should be noted that, in this article, the such as relational terms of first and second grades and so on is only used for an entity or operation to separate with another entity or operating space, and not necessarily requires or imply the relation that there is any this reality between these entities or operation or sequentially.And, term " comprises ", " comprising " or its any other variant are intended to contain comprising of nonexcludability, thus make to comprise the process of a series of key element, method, article or equipment and not only comprise those key elements, but also comprise other key elements clearly do not listed, or also comprise by the intrinsic key element of this process, method, article or equipment.When not more restrictions, the key element limited by statement " comprising ... ", and be not precluded within process, method, article or the equipment comprising described key element and also there is other identical element.
The above is only the embodiment of the application; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the application's principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as the protection range of the application.
Claims (13)
1. a preparation method for carbon nano tube compound material, is characterized in that, comprises step:
S101, preparation comprise the spinning precursor solution of PAN, PVP and nickel acetate;
S102, described spinning precursor solution is prepared PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber by spinning technique;
S103, described PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber is put into reacting furnace, and put into PVP, PVA or PEO in reacting furnace, heat-treat, obtain carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material;
S104, described carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material carried out activation processing successively and goes nickel process, obtaining carbon nano-tube/carbon fiber complex carbon material, namely obtain described carbon nano tube compound material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described spinning precursor solution, the weight percent content of PAN is 6 ~ 10%, the weight percent content of PVP is greater than 0 and is less than or equal to 2%, and the weight percent content of nickel acetate is 1 ~ 5 ‰, and surplus is DMF.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step s 102, described spinning technique is electrostatic spinning process, and its process conditions are specially: arranging nozzle diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.7mm, and the angle of adjustment nozzle and horizontal plane is 15 ~ 50 °, apply the direct voltage of 9 ~ 15kV, solidification distance 15 ~ 25cm, temperature 10 ~ 40 DEG C, relative humidity is 10 ~ 60%.
4. the preparation method according to right 1 or 3, is characterized in that, in step s 102, also comprises: the PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber obtained is heated to 270 ~ 280 DEG C, heat-treats 1 ~ 3h in air atmosphere; Wherein the speed of heat temperature raising is 1 ~ 3 DEG C/min.
5. the preparation method according to right 1, is characterized in that, in step s 103, and 1 ~ 3 times of the quality that the amount putting into PVP, PVA or PEO in reacting furnace is added PAN/PVP/ nickel acetate composite nano fiber.
6. the preparation method according to right 1 or 5, is characterized in that, in step s 103, the process conditions of heat-treating are specially: under inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere, at the temperature of 850 ~ 1000 DEG C, heat-treat 2 ~ 3h.
7. the preparation method according to right 1, it is characterized in that, in step S104, the process conditions of carrying out activation processing are specially: the ratio being 1:3 ~ 5 in mass ratio by carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material and potassium hydroxide mixes, under inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere, first be heated to the reaction 30 ~ 60min of 200 ~ 250 DEG C, then be heated to 700 ~ 800 DEG C of reaction 1 ~ 2h; Wherein the speed of heat temperature raising is 3 ~ 5 DEG C/min; The process conditions of carrying out nickel process are specially: it is in the salpeter solution of 5 ~ 10M that the carbon nano-tube/nickel/carbon fiber complex carbon material after activation is put into concentration, removing nickel.
8. a carbon nano tube compound material, it is characterized in that, described carbon nano tube compound material comprises carbon fiber and is grown on the carbon nano-tube on described carbon fiber, wherein, the length of described carbon fiber is 10 μm ~ 10mm, the diameter of described carbon nano-tube is 20 ~ 50nm, and length is 500nm ~ 1 μm.
9. carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in described carbon nano tube compound material, the weight ratio of carbon fiber and carbon nano-tube is: 1:0.5 ~ 3.
10. an electrode, is characterized in that, the material of described electrode comprises the arbitrary described carbon nano tube compound material of claim 8-9.
11. 1 kinds of ultracapacitors, comprise the first electrode and the second electrode that are oppositely arranged and the barrier film between described first electrode and the second electrode, electrolyte is filled with between described first electrode and the second electrode, described first electrode and the second electrode are connected to connecting electrode, it is characterized in that, described first electrode and the second electrode adopt the arbitrary described electrode of claim 10-11.
12. ultracapacitors according to claim 11, is characterized in that, described electrolyte is aqueous electrolyte or il electrolyte.
13. ultracapacitors according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, the sodium hydroxide solution of described aqueous electrolyte to be concentration be 1 ~ 3M, described il electrolyte is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate.
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| CN110665442B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-02-22 | 北京林业大学 | Composite activated carbon aerogel and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115458337A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-09 | 苏州大学 | Preparation method of carbon nanofiber @ nickel hydroxide nickel oxide nickel sulfide ternary heterogeneous composite material |
| CN115458337B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-02-09 | 苏州大学 | Preparation method of carbon nanofiber @ nickel hydroxide nickel oxide nickel sulfide ternary heterogeneous composite material |
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