CN105319050B - The testing ＆ measuring system and its method for measurement of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed - Google Patents
The testing ＆ measuring system and its method for measurement of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention, which provides a kind of testing ＆ measuring system of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, to be included：Tracer grid, filming apparatus and image processing system on the model of riverbank；The coverage of the filming apparatus covers the tracer grid on the riverbank model, and the filming apparatus is connected with described image processing system.On riverbank, lateral erosion, which is caved in, carries out uniform grid mark on model upstream face bank slope, forms equidistant tracer grid；During experiment, IMAQ is carried out by high-precision camera, and pass through binary image segmentation and Digital Image Processing, extract the newest water front grid node locations coordinate after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank, contrasted after Coordinate Conversion and with initial water front position coordinates, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance；Then collapsed with riverbank lateral erosion and move back distance divided by time interval, riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed can be obtained.Metric data of the present invention is accurate, effectively can provide technical support for the further investigation of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism and its forecasting procedure.
Description
Technical field
A kind of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed in being studied the present invention relates to hydraulic engineering river dynamics field basic test
Testing ＆ measuring system and its method for measurement.
Background technology
Riverbank lateral erosion avalanche phenomenon is distributed widely among the major rivers in the world, and the river such as the Changjiang river in China, the Yellow River also passes through
Riverbank lateral erosion avalanche phenomenon can often occur, especially show after flood season and flood and protrude the most, be a kind of very big nature of harm
Disaster.Riverbank lateral erosion avalanche often leads to great dangerous situation, and serious threat the safety of life and property of people across the Straits.In addition, river
Bank lateral erosion avalanche can cause river course to produce transversely deforming toward contact, cause river regime acute variation, give the side such as flood control, navigation channel, harbour
Great adverse effect is caused in face, also brings many difficulties to river controlling projects, and the example of this respect, which is lifted, to be unequal to counting.Thus may be used
See, one of the problem of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche problem is most serious in flood control and river regulation, and pass through experimental study riverbank
The problem of process and its mechanical mechanism of lateral erosion avalanche are one important and urgent, skill can be provided for the prediction of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche
Art supports.
The river-bed deformation of great rivers includes vertical erosion and deposition and the aspect of transversely deforming two triggered by riverbank lateral erosion avalanche.
At present, the achievement in research on the deformation of vertical change in bed level is more also more ripe, and on riverbed caused by the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank
The research of transversely deforming is then relatively fewer, includes understanding, mathematical description mode and the simulation of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche changing rule
Experimental study lags behind vertical change in bed level change.From at this stage in terms of situation, though riverbank lateral erosion avalanche category river engineering field
In the problem of receiving much attention, but experimental study means and method for measurement are inadequate, and conventional change in bed level change experimental study is adopted
Measuring instrument is directed to the vertical Scour and Accretion of underwater bed configuration more, and for the easily and effectively measurement of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche
Instrument and its method for measurement are then short of very much, and this has been increasingly becoming a big technology bottle of research riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism
Neck.
The content of the invention
For this problem, the present invention will propose that a kind of experiment that can easily and effectively measure riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed is surveyed
Amount system and its method for measurement, so as to provide technology branch for the further investigation of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism and its forecasting procedure
Support.
The invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of testing ＆ measuring system of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, including：Tracer grid, filming apparatus on the model of riverbank
And image processing system；The coverage of the filming apparatus covers the tracer grid on the riverbank model, the shooting dress
Put and be connected with described image processing system.
Further, whiteness tracer agent is scribbled on the tracer grid on the riverbank model.
Further, image processing system includes：Image sampling module, image segmentation module, collapse on the bank point identification module, seat
Mark extraction module and coordinate transferring；
Described image sampling module gathers the image information of the filming apparatus shooting；
Described image splits module by carrying out dividing processing to image, forms binary image；
The collapse on the bank point identification module carries out collapse on the bank point identification to the image after segmentation；
The coordinate extraction module extracts the newest water front grid node locations coordinate after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank；
The coordinate transferring is by the newest water front grid node locations coordinate extracted and initial water front position coordinates
Contrast, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance；Then collapsed with riverbank lateral erosion and move back distance divided by time interval, riverbank side can be obtained
Lose avalanche speed.
A kind of experiment method for measurement of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, comprises the following steps：
S1, experiment prepare, and riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model, the riverbank lateral erosion are accurately produced with the deeper model sasnd of color
Avalanche model side is the ladder type with inclination angle；Then uniform grid mark is carried out with whiteness tracer agent on upstream face bank slope,
Equidistant tracer grid is formed, the water stirring that whiteness tracer agent is mixed 20~40% or so by talcum powder forms, then by white
Tracer loads in plastic bottle, and opens an aperture with needle point on bottle cap so that whiteness tracer agent can squeeze injection and be defined, uniformly
Grid is marked by ruler on bank slope with fine rule in advance, is then indicated one by one with whiteness tracer agent again, so as to be formed
The whiteness tracer grid of spacing, wherein longitudinal network ruling are arranged to vertical flow direction as far as possible, that is, are collapsed parallel to riverbank lateral erosion
Move back direction；Finally, filming apparatus is arranged in above the water surface, and it is vertical with slope, and use longer focal length camera lens to ensure net
Trrellis diagram distortion of image is smaller, and high-definition camera is connected with computer measurement system by transmission line；
S2, lateral erosion avalanche experiment is carried out, collection model grid gray level image carries out binary conversion treatment；In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche
During experiment, acted on by current scour, upstream face bank slope, which constantly collapses, to move back, the soil body comprising whiteness tracer grid constantly cave in into
In water and it is pulled away, camera continuous acquisition model meshes gray level image is controlled by computer, and enter line distortion school to image
Just；In order to extract grid image, it is necessary first to carry out binary image segmentation by following formula：
G (i, j) >=T (i, j), G (i, j)=255
G (i, j) ＜ T (i, j), G (i, j)=0
In above formula, G (i, j) is the gray value that pixel coordinate is (i, j) place in image, and intensity value ranges are (0-255), 0
It is white for black, 255；T (i, j) is the threshold value for carrying out binarization segmentation；When the threshold value is set, it is ensured that grid it is continuous
Property, while picture noise is also removed as far as possible；
S3, each longitudinal network ruling collapse on the bank point position is searched one by one；By to image calibration, determining every grid lines in advance
Image transverse and longitudinal coordinate excursion；Assuming that the abscissa excursion of kth bar longitudinal network ruling is (M1＜ Ik＜ M2), indulge and sit
Mark excursion is (N1＜ Jk＜ N2)；First from (N1~N2) row progress longitudinal searching, i.e., from water side is crossed gradually to inner side bank slope
Direction is searched for, to jth row (N1＜ j ＜ N2) pixel, in (M1＜ i ＜ M2) in the range of pixel searched for one by one, if
Meet following condition：
G (i, j)=255, (M1＜ i ＜ M2,N1＜ j ＜ N2)
The then avalanche point coordinates X of kth bar longitudinal network rulingk=i, Yk=j；
Image coordinate and model coordinate ratio S can be determined in advance, identified avalanche point and extracted the point coordinates (Xk, Yk)
Afterwards, with image and model origin (X0, Y0) compare, model collapse on the bank point coordinates can be converted to by following formula：
xk=(Xk-Xo)×S
yk=(Yk-Yo)×S；
Back speed rate is collapsed in S4, calculating riverbank lateral erosion, carries out image procossing, extraction to every longitudinal network ruling in model successively
Go out mesh point coordinate after collapse on the bank, and with the initial water front position (x of corresponding longitudinal network ruling0, y0) contrast, calculate every longitudinal direction
Then divided by time interval Δ t the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche displacement L of grid lines, riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed v can be obtained, i.e.,：
V=L/ Δs t.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Measurement data of the present invention is accurate and effective, can be riverbank lateral erosion avalanche mechanical mechanism
And its further investigation of forecasting procedure provides technical support.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention
Apply example to be used to explain the present invention together, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is one preferred embodiment model side view of present system；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 top view；
Fig. 3 is typical grid bianry image during the lateral erosion avalanche experiment of riverbank.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, testing ＆ measuring system forms as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, mainly includes：Tracer net on the model of riverbank
Lattice, high-definition camera, image processing system.
Measuring principle：Using the whiteness tracer agent distinct with dark model sasnd color contrast, on riverbank, lateral erosion is caved in model
Uniform grid mark is carried out on upstream face bank slope, forms equidistant tracer grid；IMAQ is carried out by high-precision camera, and
By binary image segmentation and Digital Image Processing, the newest water front grid node locations after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank are extracted
Coordinate, and being contrasted with initial (or any last moment) water front position coordinates, calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance；Then river is used
Bank lateral erosion, which is collapsed, moves back distance divided by time interval, can obtain riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed.
Specific measurement process is as follows：
(1) riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model and measuring system installation prepare.The first step, first with the deeper model sasnd essence of color
Riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model really is produced, as shown in figure 1, the model side is the ladder type with certain inclination angle；Second step, then
Uniform grid mark is carried out with whiteness tracer agent on upstream face bank slope, equidistant tracer grid is formed, as shown in Fig. 2 wherein
The water stirring that whiteness tracer agent is mixed 20~40% or so by talcum powder forms, and makes it have certain toughness and is defined, then
It is loaded into plastic bottle (mineral water bottle), and an aperture is opened with needle point on bottle cap so that whiteness tracer agent can squeezes injection
It is defined, uniform grid is marked by ruler on bank slope with fine rule in advance, is then indicated one by one with whiteness tracer agent again, from
And equidistant whiteness tracer grid is formed, wherein longitudinal network ruling is arranged to vertical flow direction as far as possible, that is, parallel to river
Bank lateral erosion, which is collapsed, moves back direction；Finally, high-definition camera is arranged in above the water surface, and it is vertical with slope, and use longer focal length mirror
Head is smaller to ensure grid image deformation, and high-definition camera is connected with computer measurement system by transmission line.
(2) lateral erosion avalanche experiment is carried out, collection model grid gray level image carries out binary conversion treatment.In riverbank lateral erosion avalanche
During experiment, acted on by current scour, upstream face bank slope, which constantly collapses, to move back, the soil body comprising whiteness tracer grid constantly cave in into
In water and it is pulled away, camera continuous acquisition model meshes gray level image is controlled by computer, and enter line distortion school to image
Just.In order to extract grid image, it is necessary first to carry out binary image segmentation by following formula：
G (i, j) >=T (i, j), G (i, j)=255
G (i, j) ＜ T (i, j), G (i, j)=0
In above formula, G (i, j) is the gray value that pixel coordinate is (i, j) place in image, and intensity value ranges are (0-255), 0
It is white for black, 255.T (i, j) is the threshold value for carrying out binarization segmentation.When the threshold value is set, it is ensured that grid it is continuous
Property, while picture noise is also removed as far as possible.Typical binaryzation grid image such as Fig. 3 institutes during the lateral erosion avalanche experiment of riverbank
Show, (note is only formed by white grid lines and black background：Text display needs, and is black grid lines and white background in Fig. 3).
(3) each longitudinal network ruling collapse on the bank point position is searched one by one.Typical binaryzation during the lateral erosion avalanche experiment of riverbank
Grid image by white grid lines and black background as shown in figure 3, only form (note：Text display needs, and is black net in Fig. 3
Ruling and white background).By the image transverse and longitudinal coordinate excursion for image calibration, determining every grid lines in advance.It is false
If the abscissa excursion of kth bar longitudinal network ruling is (M1＜ Ik＜ M2), ordinate excursion is (N1＜ Jk＜ N2), such as
Shown in Fig. 3.First from (N1~N2) row progress longitudinal searching, i.e., from water side is crossed gradually to the search of inner side bank slope direction, to jth row
(N1＜ j ＜ N2) pixel, in (M1＜ i ＜ M2) in the range of pixel searched for one by one, if meeting following condition：
G (i, j)=255, (M1＜ i ＜ M2,N1＜ j ＜ N2)
The then avalanche point coordinates X of kth bar longitudinal network rulingk=i, Yk=j.
Image coordinate and model coordinate ratio S can be determined in advance, identified avalanche point and extracted the point coordinates (Xk, Yk)
Afterwards, with image and model origin (X0, Y0) compare, model collapse on the bank point coordinates can be converted to by following formula：
xk=(Xk-Xo)×S
yk=(Yk-Yo)×S
(4) calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse back speed rate.Above-mentioned image procossing is carried out to every longitudinal network ruling in model successively,
Extract mesh point coordinate after collapse on the bank, and with initial (or any last moment) water front position (x of corresponding longitudinal network ruling0, y0)
Then divided by time interval Δ t contrast, the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche displacement L of every longitudinal network ruling is calculated, riverbank can be obtained
Lateral erosion avalanche speed v, i.e.,：
V=L/ Δs t
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to foregoing reality
Apply example the present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing each implementation
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic.All essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of experiment method for measurement of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, experiment prepare, and riverbank lateral erosion avalanche model, the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche are accurately produced with the deeper model sasnd of color
Model side is the ladder type with inclination angle；Then uniform grid mark is carried out with whiteness tracer agent on upstream face bank slope, is formed
Equidistant tracer grid, then loads whiteness tracer agent in plastic bottle, and open an aperture with needle point on bottle cap so that white
Tracer can squeeze injection and be defined, and uniform grid is then marked by ruler on bank slope with fine rule in advance, is then shown again with white
Track agent is indicated one by one, and so as to form equidistant whiteness tracer grid, wherein longitudinal network ruling is arranged to vertical water as far as possible
Stream flow direction, that is, collapsed parallel to riverbank lateral erosion and move back direction；Finally, filming apparatus is arranged in above the water surface, and it is vertical with slope,
And longer focal length camera lens is used to ensure that grid image deformation is smaller, and by transmission line by high-definition camera and computer measurement
System is connected；
S2, lateral erosion avalanche experiment is carried out, collection model grid gray level image carries out binary conversion treatment；On riverbank, lateral erosion avalanche is tested
During, acted on by current scour, upstream face bank slope, which constantly collapses, to move back, and the soil body comprising whiteness tracer grid constantly caves in water
And be pulled away, camera continuous acquisition model meshes gray level image is controlled by computer, and distortion correction is carried out to image；For
Extraction grid image, it is necessary first to pass through following formula and carry out binary image segmentation：
G (i, j) >=T (i, j), G (i, j)=255
G (i, j) ＜ T (i, j), G (i, j)=0
In above formula, G (i, j) is the gray value that pixel coordinate is (i, j) place in image, and intensity value ranges are (0-255), and 0 is black
Color, 255 be white；T (i, j) is the threshold value for carrying out binarization segmentation；When the threshold value is set, it is ensured that the continuity of grid, together
When also will as far as possible remove picture noise；
S3, each longitudinal network ruling collapse on the bank point position is searched one by one；By the figure for image calibration, determining every grid lines in advance
As transverse and longitudinal coordinate excursion；Assuming that the abscissa excursion of kth bar longitudinal network ruling is (M1＜ Ik＜ M2), ordinate becomes
Change scope is (N1＜ Jk＜ N2)；First from (N1~N2) row progress longitudinal searching, i.e., from water side is crossed gradually to inner side bank slope direction
Search, to jth row (N1＜ j ＜ N2) pixel, in (M1＜ i ＜ M2) in the range of pixel searched for one by one, if meet
Following condition：
G (i, j)=255, (M1＜ i ＜ M2,N1＜ j ＜ N2)
The then avalanche point coordinates X of kth bar longitudinal network rulingk=i, Yk=j；
Image coordinate and model coordinate ratio S can be determined in advance, identified avalanche point and extracted the point coordinates (Xk, Yk) after, with
Image and model origin (X0, Y0) compare, model collapse on the bank point coordinates can be converted to by following formula：
xk=(Xk-Xo)×S
yk=(Yk-Yo)×S；
Back speed rate is collapsed in S4, calculating riverbank lateral erosion, carries out image procossing to every longitudinal network ruling in model successively, extracts and collapse
Mesh point coordinate after bank, and with the initial water front position (x of corresponding longitudinal network ruling0, y0) contrast, calculate every longitudinal grid
Then divided by time interval Δ t the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche displacement L of line, riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed v can be obtained, i.e.,：
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V=L/ Δs t.
2. the experiment method for measurement of lateral erosion avalanche speed in riverbank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that white is shown in S1
The water stirring that track agent is mixed 20~40% or so by talcum powder forms.
3. a kind of riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed trial measuring system based on test measurement method as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Sign is, including：Tracer grid, filming apparatus and image processing system on the model of riverbank；The shooting model of the filming apparatus
The tracer grid covered on the riverbank model is enclosed, the filming apparatus is connected with described image processing system.
4. riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed trial measuring system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the riverbank model
On tracer grid on scribble whiteness tracer agent.
5. the riverbank lateral erosion avalanche speed trial measuring system according to any one of claim 3-4, it is characterised in that
Image processing system includes：Image sampling module, image segmentation module, collapse on the bank point identification module, coordinate extraction module and coordinate
Modular converter；
Described image sampling module gathers the image information of the filming apparatus shooting；
Described image splits module and carries out dividing processing to image by binaryzation, forms binary image；
The collapse on the bank point identification module carries out collapse on the bank point identification to the image after segmentation；
The coordinate extraction module extracts the newest water front grid node locations coordinate after the lateral erosion avalanche of riverbank；
The coordinate transferring contrasts the newest water front grid node locations coordinate extracted and initial water front position coordinates,
Calculate riverbank lateral erosion and collapse and move back distance；Then collapsed with riverbank lateral erosion and move back distance divided by time interval, riverbank lateral erosion can be obtained and collapsed
Collapse speed.
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| CN111549716B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-06-22 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating and describing river bank collapse mode with binary structure |
| CN111962457A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-20 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Hydraulic model for simulating multi-element structure river bank impedance water flow scouring |
| CN111896366A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-06 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Method for simulating multi-structure river bank impedance water flow scouring |
| CN115391904B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-03-24 | 河海大学 | River bank collapse early warning method and system |
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