CN105305798B - Current-limiting protection circuit and current limiting protecting method applied to buck converter - Google Patents
Current-limiting protection circuit and current limiting protecting method applied to buck converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN105305798B CN105305798B CN201510675404.5A CN201510675404A CN105305798B CN 105305798 B CN105305798 B CN 105305798B CN 201510675404 A CN201510675404 A CN 201510675404A CN 105305798 B CN105305798 B CN 105305798B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of current-limiting protection circuits and current limiting protecting method applied to buck converter; by the inductive current for sampling buck converter; it is compared with current reference signal; to judge whether inductive current is excessive; when current sampling signal is more than current reference signal; then open current-limiting protection; it is next open arrive constantly when; the master power switch pipe for controlling the buck converter is not turned on; until when the voltage sampling signal for characterizing output voltage is less than the first reference voltage; it is then opened the moment next, master power switch pipe normally；It is higher than the current limit signal of minimum turn-on time therefore, it is possible to generate priority, and effectively reduces inductive current, plays the role of protecting electric elements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power electronics fields, and in particular to a kind of current-limiting protection circuit applied to buck converter
And current limiting protecting method.
Background technology
The buck converter of the prior art generally comprises master power switch pipe (commonly referred to as " upper tube "), continued flow tube (usually
Referred to as " down tube ") and inductance.In the prior art, if limited more than regulation the electric current that upper tube current limliting is the upper tube when upper tube is opened
Flow valuve may turn off upper tube and open down tube.But in the case of minimum turn-on time, upper tube just must first be obeyed in minimum
It works under turn-on time, thus cannot be guaranteed that electric current in time closes upper tube more than cut-off current.
In view of in the prior art, the priority of current-limiting protection is less than minimum turn-on time, so the upper tube limit of the prior art
Stream protection cannot play a role under the conditions of minimum turn-on time.It converts wherein in synchronous buck, works in minimum turn-on time
When, since there are down tube current limlitings to shield, therefore above-mentioned technical problem influences less such buck converter.But
Non-synchronous buck converter only has upper tube current limliting, and when minimum turn-on time works, power tube is likely to damage because electric current is excessive
It is bad.
For the above-mentioned technical problem of non-synchronous buck converter, under the limitation of minimum turn-on time, the prior art is past
It is past to take down conversion process, and the realization of frequency reducing is generally relatively slower.In view of in input voltage saltus step, frequency is not in time for
Reduce and inductive current rises rapidly, still remain may because electric current is excessive damage the technical issues of.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of current-limiting protection circuits and current limliting applied to buck converter
Guard method, to solve it is of the existing technology may because electric current is excessive damage power tube the technical issues of.
Technical solution of the invention is to provide a kind of current-limiting protection electricity applied to buck converter with lower structure
Road, including：
Current sampling circuit, the inductive current for sampling buck converter obtain the electric current for characterizing the inductive current
Sampled signal；
First comparison circuit receives the current sampling signal, and current sampling signal and current reference signal are carried out
Compare, the whether excessive judgement signal of output characterization electric current；
When current sampling signal is more than current reference signal, then signal is judged for effective status, in next open
When being carved into next, the master power switch pipe for controlling the buck converter is not turned on, until the voltage sample letter of characterization output voltage
Number be less than the first reference voltage, then opened the moment next, master power switch pipe normally.
Preferably, the current-limiting protection circuit further includes the second comparison circuit, two of second comparison circuit
Input terminal receives the voltage sampling signal and the first reference voltage, output reset signal, when the voltage sampling signal respectively
When less than the first reference voltage, the reset signal is effective.
Preferably, the current-limiting protection circuit further includes the first trigger, two inputs of first trigger
End receives the judgement signal and the reset signal, and output current limiting signal respectively.
Preferably, using fixed-frequency control pattern, the current limit signal and the clock signal for characterizing switch periods make with it is defeated
Go out the open signal for controlling the conducting of master power switch pipe；Alternatively, using fixed turn-off time control model, the current limliting
Signal and fixed turn-off time signal are made and export the open signal for controlling the conducting of master power switch pipe.
Preferably, the current-limiting protection circuit further includes sampling hold circuit, described in the sampling hold circuit reception
Current sampling signal, export peak hold signal, the peak hold signal and current reference signal inputted first respectively
Comparator exports the judgement signal.
Preferably, the sampling hold circuit includes diode and the first capacitance, the cathode of the diode and
One end of one capacitance connects, the other end ground connection of the first capacitance, common end and the first ratio of the diode and the first capacitance
It is connected compared with device.
Preferably, the current-limiting protection circuit further includes filter circuit, and the filter circuit receives the electric current
Sampled signal obtains filtered current sampling signal, and the filtered current sampling signal is accessed sampling hold circuit.
Preferably, the current-limiting protection circuit further includes discharge switch, the output end of second comparator and electric discharge
The control terminal of switch connects, one end of discharge switch and the first capacitance connection, other end ground connection.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of current limliting guarantor applied to buck converter with lower structure
Maintaining method includes the following steps：
The inductive current for sampling buck converter, obtains the current sampling signal for characterizing the inductive current；
The current sampling signal is received, current sampling signal is compared with current reference signal, output characterization
The whether excessive judgement signal of electric current；
When current sampling signal is more than current reference signal, then signal is judged for effective status, in next open
When being carved into next, the master power switch pipe for controlling the buck converter is not turned on, until the voltage sample letter of characterization output voltage
Number be less than the first reference voltage, then opened the moment next, master power switch pipe normally.
Circuit structure using the present invention and method have the following advantages compared with prior art：Become by sampling decompression
The inductive current of parallel operation, is compared with current reference signal, to judge whether inductive current is excessive, when current sampling signal is big
When current reference signal, then open current-limiting protection, it is next open arrive constantly when, control the buck converter
Master power switch pipe is not turned on, until when characterize output voltage voltage sampling signal be less than the first reference voltage when, then under
One is opened the moment, master power switch pipe normally；Therefore, it is possible to generate the current limliting letter that priority is higher than minimum turn-on time
Number, and inductive current is effectively reduced, play the role of protecting electric elements.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram for the current-limiting protection circuit embodiment one that the present invention is applied to buck converter；
Fig. 2 is the working waveform figure for the buck converter that the current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention is not used；
Fig. 3 is the working waveform figure for the buck converter that the current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention is added；
Fig. 4 is the circuit structure diagram for the current-limiting protection circuit embodiment two that the present invention is applied to buck converter；
Fig. 5 is the circuit structure diagram for the current-limiting protection circuit embodiment three that the present invention is applied to buck converter；
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not restricted to these
Embodiment.The present invention covers any replacement made in the spirit and scope of the present invention, modification, equivalent method and scheme.
In order to make the public have thorough understanding to the present invention, it is described in detail in following present invention preferred embodiment specific
Details, and description without these details can also understand the present invention completely for a person skilled in the art.
The present invention is more specifically described by way of example with reference to attached drawing in the following passage.It should be noted that attached drawing is adopted
Use with more simplified form and non-accurate ratio, only to it is convenient, lucidly aid in illustrating the embodiment of the present invention
Purpose.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 1, illustrating the embodiment one that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit of buck converter.It is described
Buck converter include inductance L, power switch tube NMOS and continued flow tube Do, the power switch tube NMOS the first termination
Input voltage vin is received, second end is then connect with one end of inductance L, and the other end of inductance L and the output end of buck converter connect
It connects, the output voltage of the output end of buck converter is Vout, and output capacitance Co is also connected to output end.In power switch tube
The common end of NMOS and inductance L carries out current sample by current sampling circuit Ri, obtains current sampling signal IL_sense.Electricity
Pressure sample circuit is made of resistance RH and resistance RL, obtains output voltage sampled signal FB, the output voltage sampled signal
FB and the second reference signal ref2 distinguish input offset circuit, and signal Vc, compensation letter are compensated after compensated processing
Number Vc and current sampling signal IL_sense is compared, and ramp signal Slope is used as slope compensation, obtains characterization power switch
Pipe turns off the cut-off signals at moment, and the cut-off signals are made with minimum turn-on time with after, and final cut-off signals are obtained
Rst is used for switch-off power switching tube NMOS.Power switch tube NMOS is by taking the metal-oxide-semiconductor of N-type as an example.
Current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention includes above-mentioned current sampling circuit Ri and the first comparison circuit comp1, institute
The current sampling circuit Ri stated, the inductive current IL for sampling buck converter obtain the electric current for characterizing the inductive current
Sampled signal IL_sense；The first comparison circuit comp1 receives the current sampling signal IL_sense, will be electric
Stream sampled signal IL_sense is compared with current reference signal Vth, the whether excessive judgement signal Vj of output characterization electric current；
When current sampling signal IL_sense is more than current reference signal Vth, then signal Vj is judged for effective status, current limliting is believed at this time
Number I_limit is invalid, then it is next open arrive constantly when, control the master power switch pipe NMOS of the buck converter not
Conducting, until when characterize output voltage voltage sampling signal FB be less than the first reference voltage ref1 when, then next open-minded
Moment, master power switch pipe NMOS normallies.Concrete implementation is as follows：It will determine that the set of signal Vj input rest-set flip-flops
End, voltage sampling signal FB and the first reference voltage ref1 input the second comparator comp2, obtain reset signal Vres respectively,
Reset signal Vres inputs to the reset terminal of rest-set flip-flop, rest-set flip-flop output current limiting signal I_limit,As rest-set flip-flop
Output end.In the present embodiment, using fixed-frequency control pattern, the current limit signal I_limit and characterization switch periods when
Clock signal CLK inputs and Men Zuoyu, it is described to export the open signal set be connected for controlling master power switch pipe NMOS with door.
Open signal set and cut-off signals rst inputs a rest-set flip-flop respectively, and output pwm signal to drive module is driving master
Power switch tube NMOS.The first reference signal ref1 is less than the second reference signal ref2, could be provided as ref1=
0.9*ref2 can keep FB under normality to be more than the first reference signal ref1 in this way.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 2, illustrating the working waveform figure that current-limiting protection is not added.Decompression transformation in embodiment one
In the case of current-limiting protection circuit of the invention is not added, the open-minded of power switch tube NMOS is controlled by clock signal clk for device,
In the prior art, when saltus step occurs for Vin, then inductive current IL is increased and is more than threshold value, may then be damaged power during this period and be opened
Guan Guan.The prior art would generally reduce turn-on time by the size of frequency reducing or change thermal compensation signal Vc, to play limit
The effect of stream, but due to the presence of minimum turn-on time, buck converter still can keep minimum turn-on time, therefore still may be used
Can there is a situation where that electric current is excessive；And the feedback for changing thermal compensation signal Vc is relatively slow, cannot timely and effectively reduce inductance
Electric current.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 3, illustrating the working waveform figure after the current-limiting protection that the present invention is added.With current-limiting protection
In the embodiment one of circuit, when Vin saltus steps occur, inductive current IL can be stepped up, and pass through current sampling signal IL_
Sense characterize inductive current IL, when IL_sense be more than current reference signal Vth when, i.e., corresponding inductive current IL also above
Cut-off current, at this time current limit signal I_limit overturnings are low level, are made with after with clock signal clk so that during this period, when
Clock signal CLK does not work, i.e., not will produce open signal set in next cycle.During current limliting, due to master power switch
Pipe NMOS is not turned on, therefore inductive current IL can decline therewith, and output voltage is also accordingly fallen after rise, is reflected in voltage sampling signal FB
Falling on.When voltage sampling signal FB falls back to the first reference signal ref1, inductive current IL also falls back to normal value, leads to
Crossing reset signal Vres makes current limit signal I_limit overturnings be high level, then arrives constantly in next open of clock signal clk
When, can generate open signal set makes master power switch pipe normally.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 4, illustrating the embodiment two that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit of buck converter.Implement
Most of structure of example two is identical as embodiment one, the two the difference is that：Embodiment two is controlled using the fixed turn-off time
Molding formula, the current limit signal I_limit and fixed turn-off time signal are made and are exported for controlling master power switch pipe
The open signal set of NMOS conductings.When IL_sense is more than current reference signal Vth, in current limit signal I_limit and fixation
Turn-off time signal is made with after, and during this period, fixed turn-off time signal does not work, i.e., not will produce out in next cycle
Messenger set.During current limliting, since master power switch pipe NMOS is not turned on, inductive current IL can decline therewith, output
Voltage is also accordingly fallen after rise, is reflected in the falling of voltage sampling signal FB.When voltage sampling signal FB falls back to first with reference to letter
When number ref1, inductive current IL also falls back to normal value, makes current limit signal I_limit overturnings for high electricity by reset signal Vres
It is flat, then fixed turn-off time signal it is next open arrive constantly when, can generate open signal set makes master power switch pipe
Normally.Further, since the difference of control model, without ramp signal as slope compensation in embodiment two.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 5, illustrating the embodiment three that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit of buck converter.In reality
It applies in example three, the concrete structure and the difference of embodiment one, two of current-limiting protection circuit are larger.Current sampling signal IL_sense is not
Directly compared with current reference signal Vth, current sampling signal IL_sense first passes through filter circuit and is filtered, to filter out one
A little spikes and " burr ", to improve the accuracy compared, the filter circuit includes that resistance R1 and capacitance C2 are formed, then
Filtered signal enters sampling hold circuit, and the sampling hold circuit exports peak hold signal, by the peak holding
Signal Ipeak_hold and current reference signal Vth inputs first comparator comp1 respectively, exports the judgement signal, this
When judgement signal as current limit signal I_limit.It should be noted that the electric current described in each embodiment of the application
Sampled signal IL_sense compared with current reference signal Vth, both include both direct comparison, can also refer to the two or its
One of carry out that treated compares.The sampling hold circuit includes diode D1 and the first capacitance C1, two poles
The cathode of pipe D1 is connect with one end of the first capacitance C1, the other end ground connection of the first capacitance C1, the diode D1 and first
The common end of capacitance C1 is connect with first comparator comp1.The current-limiting protection circuit further includes discharge switch S1, and described
The output end of two comparator comp2 is connect with the control terminal of discharge switch S1, and one end of discharge switch S1 connects with the first capacitance C1
It connects, other end ground connection.Voltage sampling signal FB and the first reference voltage ref1 input the second comparator comp2 respectively, are answered
The position control signal of signal Vres, the reset signal Vres as discharge switch S1.When voltage sampling signal FB is fallen back to
When the first reference signal ref1, inductive current IL also falls back to normal value, by reset signal Vres, is put to sampling hold circuit
Electricity, make current limit signal I_limit overturning be high level, then clock signal clk it is next open arrive constantly when, can generate
Open signal set makes master power switch pipe normally.
Embodiments described above does not constitute the restriction to the technical solution protection domain.It is any in above-mentioned implementation
Modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc., should be included in the protection model of the technical solution made by within the spirit and principle of mode
Within enclosing.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of current-limiting protection circuit applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：Including：
Current sampling circuit, the inductive current for sampling buck converter obtain the current sample for characterizing the inductive current
Signal；
First comparison circuit receives the current sampling signal, current sampling signal is compared with current reference signal,
The whether excessive judgement signal of output characterization electric current；
When current sampling signal is more than current reference signal, then described to judge signal for effective status, the current-limiting protection is electric
When the current limit signal that road exports is invalid state, the current limit signal and clock signal or the fixed shutdown of characterization switch periods
Between signal make with after so that next in the clock signal opens the moment or fixed the next of turn-off time signal is opened
When the logical moment arrives, the master power switch pipe for controlling the buck converter is not turned on, until the voltage of characterization output voltage is adopted
Sample signal is less than the first reference voltage, and the current limit signal of the current-limiting protection circuit output becomes effective status from invalid state,
The current limit signal is made with the clock signal of characterization switch periods or fixed turn-off time signal with after so that in the clock
Next the next of moment or the fixed turn-off time signal of opening of signal is opened when arriving constantly, and master power switch pipe is just
Often conducting.
2. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 1 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：The current limliting
It further includes the second comparison circuit to protect circuit, and two input terminals of second comparison circuit receive the voltage sample respectively
Signal and the first reference voltage, output reset signal, when the voltage sampling signal is less than the first reference voltage, the reset
Signal is effective.
3. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 2 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：The current limliting
It further includes the first trigger to protect circuit, and two input terminals of first trigger receive the judgement signal and institute respectively
Reset signal is stated, and exports the current limit signal.
4. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 3 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：Using determining frequency control
The clock signal of molding formula, the current limit signal and the characterization switch periods is made and is exported for controlling master power switch
The open signal of pipe conducting；Alternatively, using fixed turn-off time control model, when the current limit signal and the fixation turn off
Between signal make with, export for control master power switch pipe conducting open signal.
5. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：Described
Current-limiting protection circuit further includes sampling hold circuit, and the sampling hold circuit receives the current sampling signal, exports peak
Value keeps signal, and the peak hold signal and current reference signal are inputted first comparator respectively, export the judgement
Signal.
6. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 5 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：The sampling
Holding circuit includes diode and the first capacitance, and the cathode of the diode is connect with one end of the first capacitance, the first capacitance
Other end ground connection, the diode connect with the common end of the first capacitance with first comparator.
7. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 6 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：The current limliting
It further includes filter circuit to protect circuit, and the filter circuit receives the current sampling signal, obtains filtered electric current
The filtered current sampling signal is accessed sampling hold circuit by sampled signal.
8. the current-limiting protection circuit according to claim 6 applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：The current limliting
It further includes discharge switch to protect circuit, and the output end of second comparator and the control terminal of discharge switch connect, discharge switch
One end and the first capacitance connection, other end ground connection.
9. a kind of current limiting protecting method applied to buck converter, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
The inductive current for sampling buck converter, obtains the current sampling signal for characterizing the inductive current；
The current sampling signal is received, current sampling signal is compared with current reference signal, output characterization electric current
Whether excessive judgement signal；
It is when current sampling signal is more than current reference signal, then described to judge that signal for effective status, exports invalid state
Current limit signal, and with the clock signal of characterization switch periods or fixed turn-off time signal make with so that believe in the clock
Number next the next of moment or the fixed turn-off time signal of opening open when arriving constantly, control the decompression transformation
The master power switch pipe of device is not turned on, and until the voltage sampling signal of characterization output voltage is less than the first reference voltage, output has
The current limit signal of effect state, and with the clock signal of characterization switch periods or fixed turn-off time signal make with so that in institute
Next the next of moment or the fixed turn-off time signal of opening for stating clock signal is opened when arriving constantly, and main power is opened
Close pipe normally.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510675404.5A CN105305798B (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | Current-limiting protection circuit and current limiting protecting method applied to buck converter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510675404.5A CN105305798B (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | Current-limiting protection circuit and current limiting protecting method applied to buck converter |
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| CN105305798B true CN105305798B (en) | 2018-08-17 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109921378A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-21 | 航天柏克(广东)科技有限公司 | A kind of DC switch circuit and its control method |
| CN112448703B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2023-07-28 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Switching device |
| CN112104229B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-10-12 | 深圳南云微电子有限公司 | BUCK control circuit, control method and reference generation circuit |
| CN114583937B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-26 | 茂睿芯（深圳）科技有限公司 | Overcurrent protection circuit, overcurrent protection method and power supply device of voltage converter |
| CN115313807B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-07-28 | 晶艺半导体有限公司 | Dual-voltage fixed-frequency control circuit, converter and method |
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Address after: 310051 No. 6 Lianhui Street, Xixing Street, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Silergy Semiconductor Technology (Hangzhou ) Co., Ltd. Address before: 310012 Wensanlu Road, Hangzhou Province, No. 90 East Software Park, science and technology building A1501 Patentee before: Silergy Semiconductor Technology (Hangzhou ) Co., Ltd. |
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