CN105301221B - A kind of test model for observing rock layer surface displacement and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of test model for observing rock layer surface displacement and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105301221B CN105301221B CN201510604903.5A CN201510604903A CN105301221B CN 105301221 B CN105301221 B CN 105301221B CN 201510604903 A CN201510604903 A CN 201510604903A CN 105301221 B CN105301221 B CN 105301221B
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Abstract
Include at least one block observation glass the invention discloses a kind of test model for observing rock layer surface displacement, including chamber, in the chamber, at least one of which similar rock stratum similar to rock stratum to be exploited is poured in the chamber；Wherein, accommodating cavity is formed between the outer peripheral face and the observation glass of the similar rock stratum, the upper and lower surface of similar rock stratum described in the accommodating cavity insertion；Flexible waterproof layer is filled with the accommodating cavity；Compartment of terrain is disposed with multiple displacement observation parts on the flexible waterproof layer, the displacement observation part include inspection surface and with inspection surface main part connected vertically, the main part is arranged on the flexible waterproof layer, the afterbody of the main part is connected on the upper surface of the similar rock stratum, the inspection surface is close to the observation glass arrangement, and the displacement observation part can be moved with the movement of the similar rock stratum.The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of test model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Mineral Engineering and the technical field of comprehensive utilization of hydraulic engineering, more particularly to one kind is for observing rock
Test model of layer surface displacement and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Coal occupied in China's energy resource structure the principal status of public economy general layout quite long-term in be difficult to change, at the same time I
The environmental problem that the development and utilization of state's coal resources is triggered but becomes increasingly conspicuous.On the one hand, China western richness coal area many places
In arid and semiarid zone, shortage of water resources, while earth's surface ecology fragility；On the other hand, can not in progress of coal mining
Avoid producing mine water, if dealing with the destruction for not only resulting in groundwater resources improperly, while can also cause stream runoff
A series of harm such as reduction, water resource exhaustion, desertification, environmental pollution, surface subsidence.Therefore, water conservation and ground
Table ecological environment, is key subjects that China's western coal development of resources faces.
Groundwater reservoir is built using coal mine gob, realizes that water-retaining production is comprehensive utilization groundwater resources, protects aqueous
The major action that underground water source is recycled after layer, Safety of Coal Mine Production and mine are discarded." green coal " is also national great war
Slightly problem, will list the important research content of national science and technology key special subjects in.In groundwater reservoir is designed and is built, storehouse location and dam
Location, storage capacity and characteristic level of water, underground water regulation and control and water filtration purification, both depend on roof and floor Permeability of rock energy, water guide and split
The dynamic change or variation features and rule of the infiltration coefficient and coefficient of storage and these parameters of gap band and slump body；And this
A little problems are again to depend on the breakage of roof and floor rock mass and cranny development process and Evolution, damaged rock mass during Seam Mining
The physical features such as slump mode, scope, Deposition Types, LUMPINESS DISTRIBUTION, pore size and distribution.Under the conditions of at the scene, it is difficult to straight
Connect observation, viewing, accurately test these physical features and related physical mechanics parameter, tried using large-scale water rock coupling physical model
Testing can realize this purpose.
Under the conditions of water rock coupling physical model test, the embedded complex procedures of model internal sensor, difficulty are big, cost
Height, while excessive laying sensor can also have undesirable effect to the result of model test.How under air-proof condition, to water
The real-time monitored and record that the surface displacement of rock coupling model experiment enters Mobile state overall process are the passes of water rock coupling model experiment
One of key technology problem, the research to coal mine distribution underground reservoir relevant issues is significant.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect of the prior art, there is provided one kind can be under air-proof condition, to rock stratum
Surface displacement enter test model and preparation method thereof of Mobile state observation.
Technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of test model for observing rock layer surface displacement, including chamber, described
Include at least one block observation glass in chamber, at least one of which is poured in the chamber similar to rock stratum to be exploited
Similar rock stratum；Wherein, accommodating cavity is formed between the outer peripheral face and the observation glass of the similar rock stratum, it is described accommodating
The upper and lower surface of similar rock stratum described in cavity insertion；Flexible waterproof layer is filled with the accommodating cavity；Described flexible anti-
Compartment of terrain is disposed with multiple displacement observation parts on water layer, and the displacement observation part includes inspection surface and vertical with the inspection surface connects
The main part for connecing, the main part is arranged on the flexible waterproof layer, and the afterbody of the main part is connected to the similar rock
On the upper surface of layer, the inspection surface is close to the observation glass arrangement, and the displacement observation part can be with described
The movement of similar rock stratum and move.
Further, it is described observation glass around the chamber one circle set, correspondingly, the accommodating cavity around
One circle of the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum is set, institute of multiple displacement observation parts in the described accommodating cavity of annular
The circle for stating flexible waterproof layer is set.
Further, the accommodating cavity is wedge shaped along the vertical section in the similar depth of stratum direction, from described
On the upper surface of similar rock stratum to the direction of lower surface, between the observation glass and the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum
Distance is tapered into.
Further, similar rock stratum described in multilayer, every layer of similar rock stratum and the sight have been poured in the chamber
The accommodating cavity is provided between survey glass, the flexible waterproof layer, every layer are filled with each described accommodating cavity
Multiple displacement observation parts are arranged with the flexible waterproof layer.
Further, the inspection surface is round steel sheet, and the main part is sheet steel disc, on the afterbody of the main part
Tail nail is provided with, the main part is followed closely by the tail and is connected on the similar rock stratum.
Further, layer of paint is set on the inspection surface, and cross phenotypic marker is provided with the layer of paint.
Further, the flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand.
Further, the test model also includes total powerstation or the 3D laser scannings for observing the inspection surface displacement
Instrument.
Further, the similar rock stratum also includes that detachable cavity forms template, and the accommodating cavity is by from described
The cavity removed on similar rock stratum forms template and is formed.
Further, the vertical section of the cavity formation template is wedge shaped.
Technical solution of the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method for observing the test model of rock layer surface displacement, including
Following steps：Step 1：Cavity is installed near the side of observation glass form template in chamber；Step 2：To the experiment
One layer of similar rock stratum is poured in case；Step 3：After the similar rock stratum meets intensity requirement, remove the cavity and form template,
So as to be formed with accommodating cavity between the observation glass and the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum；Step 4：To the accommodating sky
Full flexible waterproof layer is filled in chamber；Step 5：The uniform multiple displacement observation part in compartment of terrain on the flexible waterproof layer, will be described
The inspection surface of displacement observation part is close to the observation glass arrangement, the main part of the displacement observation part is arranged in described soft
On property waterproof layer, the afterbody of the main part is connected on the upper surface of the similar rock stratum；And the displacement is seen
Surveying part can move with the movement of the similar rock stratum.
Further, total powerstation or 3D laser scanners are installed on the outside of the chamber, by the total powerstation or institute
State 3D laser scanners real-time monitored and record the displacement of the inspection surface.
Further, poured successively according to the step 1 to the step 5 in the chamber similar described in multilayer
Rock stratum.
Further, it is described observation glass around the chamber one circle set, correspondingly, the accommodating cavity around
One circle of the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum is set, institute of multiple displacement observation parts in the described accommodating cavity of annular
The circle for stating flexible waterproof layer is set.
Further, the accommodating cavity is wedge shaped along the vertical section in the similar depth of stratum direction, from described
On the upper surface of similar rock stratum to the direction of lower surface, between the observation glass and the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum
Distance is tapered into.
Further, the vertical section of the cavity formation template is wedge shaped.
Further, the inspection surface is round steel sheet, and the main part is sheet steel disc, on the afterbody of the main part
Tail nail is provided with, the main part is followed closely by the tail and is connected on the similar rock stratum.
Further, layer of paint is set on the inspection surface, and cross phenotypic marker is provided with the layer of paint.
Further, the flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand.
Using above-mentioned technical proposal, have the advantages that：
Test model that the present invention is provided and preparation method thereof, displacement is set by between similar rock stratum and observation glass
Observation part, displacement observation part can be moved with the movement of similar rock stratum, so that by observing the dynamic of above-mentioned displacement observation part
State process, you can learn the dynamic overall process of the surface displacement of similar rock stratum.
Test model that the present invention is provided and preparation method thereof, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cost
It is cheap, it is to avoid excessive sensor of laying is adversely affected to model test result inside similar rock stratum.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of the test model that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the schematic diagram that cavity forms template is installed in chamber；
Fig. 3 is to the schematic diagram that similar rock stratum is poured in chamber；
Fig. 4 is to remove the schematic diagram that cavity forms template；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the full flexible waterproof layer of filling in accommodating cavity；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that displacement observation part is disposed with from flexible waterproof layer in terms of observation glass side；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the similar rock stratum of two-layer is poured in chamber；
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of displacement observation part；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that cross phenotypic marker is provided with layer of paint.
The reference table of comparisons：
1- chambers；11- observes glass；The similar rock stratum of 2-；
20- outer peripheral faces；21- displacement transducers；22- upper surfaces；
23- lower surfaces；3- houses cavity；4- flexible waterproof layers；
5- displacement observation parts；51- inspection surfaces；52- main parts；
53- afterbodys；54- tails are followed closely；55- layer of paint；
56- cross phenotypic markers；6- cavitys form template.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate specific embodiment of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Wherein identical parts identical
Reference is represented.It should be noted that the word "front", "rear", "left", "right", the "up" and "down" that are used in description below
The direction in accompanying drawing is referred to, word " interior " and " outward " are referred respectively to towards or away from the direction of particular elements geometric center.
Involved similar rock stratum refers to certain side with the lithosphere to be exploited in process of coal mining in the present invention
The analog material layer that formula is similar to be made, it is made up according to a certain percentage of analog material, its property, shape, construction or structure and
Rock stratum to be exploited is similar, referred to as similar rock stratum.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of test model for observing rock layer surface displacement that one embodiment of the invention is provided, bag
Include chamber 1, at least one block observation glass 11 included in chamber 1, pour in the chamber 1 at least one of which with it is to be exploited
The similar similar rock stratum 2 in rock stratum.
Wherein, accommodating cavity 3 is formed between the outer peripheral face 20 and observation glass 11 of similar rock stratum 2, accommodating cavity 3 is passed through
The upper and lower surface of logical similar rock stratum 2.
Flexible waterproof layer 4 is filled with accommodating cavity 3.Compartment of terrain is disposed with multiple displacements and sees on flexible waterproof layer 4
Survey part 5, displacement observation part 5 include inspection surface 51 and with the main part 52 connected vertically of inspection surface 51, main part 52 is arranged in soft
On property waterproof layer 4, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is connected on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2, and inspection surface 51 is close to observation glass
Glass 11 is arranged, and displacement observation part 5 can be moved with the movement of similar rock stratum 2.
The test model is mainly used in observing the outer surface displacement or movement of rock stratum.The test model bag chamber 1, experiment
At least one block observation glass 11 is provided with case 1, in order to observe the displacement of internal similar rock stratum 2.Poured in chamber 1
The similar rock stratum 2 of at least one of which, and displacement transducer 21 is provided with similar rock stratum 2, for the internal monitoring in similar rock stratum 2
The displacement or movement of similar rock stratum 2.The surface displacement observed result of similar rock stratum 2 can be to the displacement transducer in similar rock stratum 2
21 and numerical result be analyzed, to ensure that result is accurate.
Accommodating cavity 3 is formed between the outer peripheral face 20 and observation glass 11 of similar rock stratum 2, the insertion of accommodating cavity 3
The upper and lower surface of similar rock stratum 2, and flexible waterproof layer 4 is filled with the accommodating cavity 3.Flexible waterproof layer 4 is filled full accommodating
Cavity 3, prevents the water in similar rock stratum 2 from being flowed to observation glass, it is to avoid to form water smoke on observation glass 11, improve to play
Observation effect.
The upper surface of flexible waterproof layer 4 can keep concordant with the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 and set, and in similar rock stratum
2 due to vibration etc. reason, when upper surface 22 moves down, flexible waterproof layer 4 can keep fill full phase like rock stratum 2 outer peripheral face 20 and
Accommodating cavity 3 between observation glass 11, holding is played a part of to isolate water.
When similar rock stratum 2 is moved, its upper surface 22 moves down, and its outer peripheral face 20 deforms, so that accommodating cavity 3
Also there is deformation, and the flexible waterproof layer 4 can be moved down with moving down for upper surface 22, the upper surface of flexible waterproof layer 4 is protected
Hold it is concordant with the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 set, and remain able to fill the accommodating cavity 3 of full deformation so that it is any when
Wait, can act as isolating the effect of water.
Flexible waterproof layer 4 is made up of the flexible waterproof material that can be stretched, and it can be using with certain pliability
The waterproof layer constituted with the waterproof material of larger extensibility, waterproof roll, organic waterproof coating, it is also possible to be by its waterproof material
Be made with flexible waterproof layer.
In order to observe the displacement or movement of the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2, compartment of terrain is disposed with many on flexible waterproof layer 4
Individual displacement observation part 5.
The displacement observation part 5 include inspection surface 51 and with the main part 52 connected vertically of inspection surface 51.By the cloth of main part 52
Put on flexible waterproof layer 4, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is connected on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2, inspection surface 51 is tight
Arranged close to observation glass 11, and the displacement observation part 5 can be moved with the movement of similar rock stratum 2.
So as to monitor movement or the position of inspection surface 51 through observation glass 11, you can draw the similar rock stratum 2 of observation
The displacement of upper surface 22 or situation of movement.By the dynamic process for observing displacement observation part 5, you can learn the upper of similar rock stratum 2
The dynamic overall process of the displacement of surface 22.
Thus, the test model that the present invention is provided, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cheap, keeps away
Exempt from the excessive sensor of laying inside similar rock stratum to adversely affect model test result.
It is preferred that observation glass 11 is set around a circle of chamber 1, correspondingly, cavity 3 is housed around similar rock stratum 2
Outer peripheral face 20 one circle set, multiple displacement observation parts 5 around annular accommodating cavity 3 in flexible waterproof layer 4 a circle
Set, expand observation scope, surface displacement that can be to similar rock stratum 2 in the range of 360 ° is observed.
It is preferred that as illustrated in figures 4-5, it is wedge shaped along the vertical section of the thickness direction of similar rock stratum 2 to house cavity 3, from
On the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 to the direction of lower surface 23, observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2 between away from
From tapering into.So that the vertical section of the flexible waterproof layer 4 being filled in accommodating cavity 3 is also wedge shaped, near upper surface
Width at 22 is more than the width at lower surface 23, so that ensure, in accommodating cavity 3 as the surface of similar rock stratum 2 is moved
When moving and deforming, flexible waterproof layer 4 can downwards fill up accommodating cavity 3.
It is preferred that as shown in fig. 6-7, the similar rock stratum 2 of multilayer, every layer of similar rock stratum 2 and observation glass have been poured in chamber 1
Accommodating cavity 3 is provided between glass 11, flexible waterproof layer 4, every layer of flexible waterproof layer 4 are filled with each accommodating cavity 3
On be arranged with multiple displacement observation parts 5, with simulating reality as much as possible rock stratum distribution and displacement, improve observation effect.
It is preferred that as Figure 8-9, inspection surface 51 is round steel sheet, main part 52 is sheet steel disc, the tail of main part 52
Tail nail 54 is provided with portion 53, main part 52 is followed closely 54 and is connected on similar rock stratum 2 by tail.
Displacement observation part 5 is set to be made up of steel disc, its inspection surface 51 is round steel sheet, its main part 52 is steel sheet
Piece, and tail nail 54 is set on afterbody 53, following closely 54 by tail is arranged on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 main part 52.Such as
This is set, and steel sheet structure intensity is high, will not with similar rock stratum 2 move when bend, it is to avoid influence test effect, and
It is easy to manufacture.
It is preferred that as Figure 8-9, layer of paint 55 is set on inspection surface 51, and be provided with layer of paint 55 cross
Mark 56, is easy to external monitoring personnel or monitoring device to observe the displacement of the inspection surface 51.
Preferably, flexible waterproof layer 4 is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand, is easy to materials, and ensure that in accommodating sky
When chamber 3 deforms, the flexible waterproof layer 4 ensure that the full accommodating cavity 3 of filling, and the moment plays water proof effect.
Waterproof layer of sand is made up of the Waterproof sand with waterproof action, and it plays waterproof action.Anti- watercolor layer of sand is by with anti-
The anti-watercolor sand composition of water effect, to have water to enter fashionable running into for it, it may occur that color change, to remind operating personnel to have water to ooze
Enter.
It is preferred that test model also includes the total powerstation or 3D laser scanners for observing the displacement of inspection surface 51.It is logical
Erection total powerstation and/or 3D laser scanners are crossed, surface displacement observation system is built, the displacement to inspection surface 51 are monitored,
Realize entering the surface displacement of similar rock stratum 2 real-time monitored and record of Mobile state overall process, be easy to operation.
Total powerstation, i.e. whole station type electronic distance meter, be it is a kind of integrate light, mechanical, electrical high-tech measuring instrument, be collection
Horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance (oblique distance, flat away from), vertical survey function are in the instrument of surveying and mapping system of one.
3D laser scanners, also referred to as three-dimensional laser scanner, with high efficiency, high-precision unique advantage, its energy
Enough three dimensional point clouds that scanning body surface is provided, the digital terrain model for obtaining high-accuracy high-resolution.
It is preferred that as Figure 2-3, similar rock stratum 2 also includes that detachable cavity forms template 6, house cavity 3 by from
The cavity removed on similar rock stratum 2 forms template 6 and is formed.
As in Figure 2-4, the generation type for housing cavity 3 is as follows：
First, install cavity near the side of observation glass 11 in chamber 1 and form template 6.
Afterwards, to pouring one layer of similar rock stratum 2 in chamber 1.
Afterwards, after similar rock stratum 2 meets intensity requirement, remove cavity and form template 6, so as in observation glass 11 and phase
Accommodating cavity 3 is formed with like between the outer peripheral face 20 of rock stratum 2.
It is preferred that as Figure 2-3, the vertical section that cavity forms template 6 is wedge shaped, in the upper surface from similar rock stratum 2
On the direction of 22 to lower surface 23, the width that cavity forms template 6 is gradually reduced, i.e., its vertical section is narrow shape under preceding, with shape
The accommodating cavity 3 of wedgewise.
To sum up, the test model that the present invention is provided, displacement observation part is laid by between similar rock stratum and observation glass, and
Can realize and the displacement of inspection surface is monitored using total powerstation and/or 3D laser scanners, realize to similar rock stratum
Surface displacement enters the real-time monitored and record of Mobile state overall process, is easy to operation.
Displacement observation part is poured to similar rock stratum to be carried out successively, and easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cost
It is cheap, it is to avoid excessive sensor of laying is adversely affected to model test result in similar rock stratum, while observed result
Can be analyzed to displacement transducer and numerical result in similar rock stratum.
As Figure 1-5, what one embodiment of the invention was provided is a kind of for observing the test model of rock layer surface displacement
Preparation method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Cavity is installed near the side of observation glass 11 form template 6 in chamber 1.
Step 2：To pouring one layer of similar rock stratum 2 in chamber 1.
Step 3：After similar rock stratum 2 meets intensity requirement, remove cavity formed template 6, so as to observation glass 11 with
Accommodating cavity 3 is formed between the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2.
Step 4：To the full flexible waterproof layer 4 of filling in accommodating cavity 3.
Step 5：The uniform multiple displacement observation part 5 in compartment of terrain on flexible waterproof layer 4, by the inspection surface of displacement observation part 5
51 are close to observation glass 11 arranges, the main part 52 of displacement observation part 5 is arranged on flexible waterproof layer 4, by main part 52
Afterbody 53 be connected on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2；And displacement observation part 5 can be with the movement of similar rock stratum 2
It is mobile.
That is to say, the preparation method includes following several steps：
Step 1：Cavity forms installing for template 6：
Before similar rock stratum 2 pours, carry out installing cavity shape using wooden template in the side for closing on observation glass 11
Into template 6, pouring for similar rock stratum 2 is carried out again afterwards.The height and thickness that cavity forms template 6 are poured according to similar rock stratum 2
Thickness determines.When similar rock stratum 2 is poured, a displacement transducer 21 can be arranged inside it, for internally monitoring its position
Shift one's love condition.
Step 2：Flexible waterproof layer 4 is filled：
After similar rock stratum 2 has initial strength, the cavity between similar rock stratum 2 and observation glass 11 is formed template
6 remove, so as to form accommodating cavity 3 between observation outer peripheral face 20 of the glass 11 to similar rock stratum 2.Then, it is flexibility is anti-
Water layer 4 is filled into accommodating cavity 3, until filling up.
Step 3：The laying of displacement observation part 5：
Displacement observation part 5 is laid in flexible waterproof layer 4 according to a determining deviation.Ensure that inspection surface 51 is close to observation simultaneously
Glass 11, afterbody 53 is securely rested within similar rock stratum 2.After displacement observation part 5 lays completion, upper strata can be carried out similar
Rock stratum 2 pours.
The preparation method of the test model that the present invention is provided, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, low cost
It is honest and clean, it is to avoid excessive sensor of laying is adversely affected to model test result inside similar rock stratum.
It is preferred that total powerstation or 3D laser scanners are installed in the outside of chamber 1, by total powerstation or 3D laser scanners
Real-time monitored and the displacement in hourly observation face 51.
The process is the observation as surface displacement：
Pouring for similar rock stratum 2 is carried out successively with the laying of displacement observation part 5, after being fully completed to test model, i.e.,
Surface displacement observation can be carried out.By setting up total powerstation and 3D laser scanners, the displacement to inspection surface 51 is monitored, and realizes
Surface displacement to similar rock stratum 2 enters the real-time monitored and record of Mobile state overall process, is easy to operation.
It is preferred that as shown in fig. 6-7, the similar rock stratum of multilayer has been poured successively according to step 1 to step 5 in chamber 1
2, with rock stratum distribution and displacement in simulating reality as much as possible, improve observation effect.
It is preferred that observation glass 11 is set around a circle of chamber 1, correspondingly, cavity 3 is housed around similar rock stratum 2
Outer peripheral face 20 one circle set, multiple displacement observation parts 5 around annular accommodating cavity 3 in flexible waterproof layer 4 a circle
Set, expand observation scope, surface displacement that can be to similar rock stratum 2 in the range of 360 ° is observed.
It is preferred that as illustrated in figures 4-5, it is wedge shaped along the vertical section of the thickness direction of similar rock stratum 2 to house cavity 3, from
On the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 to the direction of lower surface 23, observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2 between away from
From tapering into.So that the vertical section of the flexible waterproof layer 4 being filled in accommodating cavity 3 is also wedge shaped, near upper surface
Width at 22 is more than the width at lower surface 23, so that ensure, in accommodating cavity 3 as the surface of similar rock stratum 2 is moved
When moving and deforming, flexible waterproof layer 4 can downwards fill up accommodating cavity 3.
It is preferred that as Figure 2-3, the vertical section that cavity forms template 6 is wedge shaped, in the upper surface from similar rock stratum 2
On the direction of 22 to lower surface 23, the width that cavity forms template 6 is gradually reduced, i.e., its vertical section is narrow shape under preceding, with shape
The accommodating cavity 3 of wedgewise.
It is preferred that as Figure 8-9, inspection surface 51 is round steel sheet, main part 52 is sheet steel disc, the tail of main part 52
Tail nail 54 is provided with portion 53, main part 52 is followed closely 54 and is connected on similar rock stratum 2 by tail.
Displacement observation part 5 is set to be made up of steel disc, its inspection surface 51 is round steel sheet, its main part 52 is steel sheet
Piece, and tail nail 54 is set on afterbody 53, following closely 54 by tail is arranged on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 main part 52.Such as
This is set, and steel sheet structure intensity is high, will not with similar rock stratum 2 move when bend, it is to avoid influence test effect, and
It is easy to manufacture.
It is preferred that as Figure 8-9, layer of paint 55 is set on inspection surface 51, and be provided with layer of paint 55 cross
Mark 56, is easy to external monitoring personnel or monitoring device to observe the displacement of the inspection surface 51.
Preferably, flexible waterproof layer 4 is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand, is easy to materials, and ensure that in accommodating sky
When chamber 3 deforms, the flexible waterproof layer 4 ensure that the full accommodating cavity 3 of filling, and the moment plays water proof effect.
Waterproof layer of sand is made up of the Waterproof sand with waterproof action, and it plays waterproof action.Anti- watercolor layer of sand is by with anti-
The anti-watercolor sand composition of water effect, to have water to enter fashionable running into for it, it may occur that color change, to remind operating personnel to have water to ooze
Enter.
To sum up, test model that the present invention is provided and preparation method thereof, sets by between similar rock stratum and observation glass
Displacement observation part is put, displacement observation part can be moved with the movement of similar rock stratum, so that by observing above-mentioned displacement observation
The dynamic process of part, you can learn the dynamic overall process of the surface displacement of similar rock stratum.
Test model that the present invention is provided and preparation method thereof, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cost
It is cheap, it is to avoid excessive sensor of laying is adversely affected to model test result inside similar rock stratum.
As needed, above-mentioned each technical scheme can be combined, to reach best-of-breed technology effect.
The above is only principle of the invention and preferred embodiment.It should be pointed out that for the ordinary skill people of this area
For member, on the basis of the principle of the invention, some other modifications can also be made, also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of test model for observing rock layer surface displacement, it is characterised in that including chamber, wraps in the chamber
At least one block observation glass is included, at least one of which similar rock stratum similar to rock stratum to be exploited is poured in the chamber；
Wherein, accommodating cavity, the accommodating cavity are formed between the outer peripheral face and the observation glass of the similar rock stratum
The upper and lower surface of similar rock stratum described in insertion；
Flexible waterproof layer is filled with the accommodating cavity；
Compartment of terrain is disposed with multiple displacement observation parts on the flexible waterproof layer, the displacement observation part include inspection surface and with
The inspection surface main part connected vertically, the main part is arranged on the flexible waterproof layer, the afterbody of the main part
It is connected on the upper surface of the similar rock stratum, the inspection surface is close to the observation glass arrangement, the displacement observation part
Can be moved with the movement of the similar rock stratum.
2. test model according to claim 1 a, it is characterised in that circle of the observation glass around the chamber
Set, correspondingly, the accommodating cavity is set around a circle of the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum, multiple displacement observation parts
One circle of the flexible waterproof layer in the described accommodating cavity of annular is set.
3. test model according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the accommodating cavity is along the similar rock stratum
The vertical section of thickness direction is wedge shaped, from the upper surface of the similar rock stratum to the direction of lower surface, the observation glass
Tapered into the distance between the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum.
4. test model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that similar rock described in multilayer has been poured in the chamber
Layer, is provided with the accommodating cavity, in each described accommodating cavity between every layer of similar rock stratum and the observation glass
The flexible waterproof layer is filled with, multiple displacement observation parts are arranged with every layer of flexible waterproof layer.
5. test model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inspection surface is round steel sheet, the main part
It is sheet steel disc, tail nail is provided with the afterbody of the main part, the main part is connected to described similar by tail nail
On rock stratum.
6. test model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that layer of paint is set on the inspection surface, and described
Cross phenotypic marker is provided with layer of paint.
7. test model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand.
8. test model according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the waterproof layer of sand is anti-watercolor layer of sand.
9. test model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the test model is also included for observing the sight
The total powerstation or 3D laser scanners of survey face displacement.
10. test model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the similar rock stratum also includes detachable cavity
Template is formed, the accommodating cavity forms template and formed by the cavity removed from the similar rock stratum.
11. test models according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the vertical section that the cavity forms template is in wedge
Shape.
12. a kind of preparation methods for observing the test model of rock layer surface displacement, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Cavity is installed near the side of observation glass form template in chamber；
Step 2：To pouring one layer of similar rock stratum in the chamber；
Step 3：After the similar rock stratum meets intensity requirement, remove the cavity and form template, so as in the observation glass
Accommodating cavity is formed between glass and the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum；
Step 4：To the full flexible waterproof layer of filling in the accommodating cavity；
Step 5：The uniform multiple displacement observation part in compartment of terrain on the flexible waterproof layer, by the inspection surface of the displacement observation part
It is close to the observation glass arrangement, the main part of the displacement observation part is arranged on the flexible waterproof layer, will be described
The afterbody of main part is connected on the upper surface of the similar rock stratum；And the displacement observation part can be with the similar rock
Layer movement and move.
13. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that total powerstation or 3D are installed on the outside of the chamber
Laser scanner, by the total powerstation or the 3D laser scanners real-time monitored and records the displacement of the inspection surface.
14. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that in the chamber according to the step 1 to
The step 5 has poured similar rock stratum described in multilayer successively.
15. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the observation glass is around the one of the chamber
Circle is set, and correspondingly, the accommodating cavity is set around a circle of the outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum, multiple displacement observations
One circle of the flexible waterproof layer of the part in the described accommodating cavity of annular is set.
16. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the accommodating cavity is thick along the similar rock stratum
The vertical section for spending direction is wedge shaped, from the upper surface of the similar rock stratum to the direction of lower surface, the observation glass with
The distance between described outer peripheral face of the similar rock stratum is tapered into.
17. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the vertical section that the cavity forms template is in wedge
Shape.
18. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the inspection surface is round steel sheet, the main body
Portion is sheet steel disc, and tail nail is provided with the afterbody of the main part, and the main part is followed closely by the tail and is connected to the phase
Like on rock stratum.
19. preparation methods according to claim 18, it is characterised in that layer of paint is set on the inspection surface, and in institute
State and be provided with layer of paint cross phenotypic marker.
20. preparation methods according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand.
21. preparation methods according to claim 20, it is characterised in that the waterproof layer of sand is anti-watercolor layer of sand.
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| CN108170887B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-09-03 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Sinking basin area dividing method and electronic equipment |
| CN110043261A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-23 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of coal uranium harmonic extraction perspectiveization physical simulating device and application method |
| CN113640494B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-04-07 | 清华大学 | Hydraulic power coupling disaster simulation device and method for underground reservoir of inclined stratum |
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