CN105277188B - Sagnac angular velocity measurement system and methods - Google Patents
Sagnac angular velocity measurement system and methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN105277188B CN105277188B CN201510540049.0A CN201510540049A CN105277188B CN 105277188 B CN105277188 B CN 105277188B CN 201510540049 A CN201510540049 A CN 201510540049A CN 105277188 B CN105277188 B CN 105277188B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
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Abstract
Sagnac angular velocity measurement system and method proposed by the present invention based on light Yu material nonlinear interaction process, including：Interaction medium unit, coherent source, polarization beam splitter, half-wave plate, fiber optic coils and photodetector.The coherent light (pump light and flashlight) sent using laser is used as original incident signal, on the one hand, using light and material nonlinear interaction process, the phase and intensity correlation between material coherence and pump light, flashlight are produced, realizes phase sensitive non-linear process；On the other hand, light is combined with material nonlinear interaction process and Sagnac effects, realizes the measurement of angular speed.From the essence of light-matter interaction, effective raising system signal noise ratio of the invention and angular surveying sensitivity, measurement accuracy is set to break through standard quantum limit (standard quantum limit, SQL) and Heisenberg's limit (Heisenberg limit are reached, HL), the development for High-precision angle measurement provides new way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optics and precision measurement system, more particularly to it is a kind of brand-new non-linear with material based on light
The Sagnac angular velocity measurement systems of mechanism.
Background technology
Inertial technology using principle of inertia realize motion physical gestures and movement locus measurement and control, be inertia type instrument,
The general name of the technologies such as stable inertia, inertial navigation, inertial guidance and inertia measurement, be one have independence is good, information comprehensively,
The carrier movement information Perception technology of the characteristics such as real-time continuous, strong interference immunity, it is widely used in military and national economy field
In all kinds of motion carrier inertial navigations, Guidance and control, positioning and directing, attitude stabilization and overload sensing etc. inertia system.
As the core component of inertia system, gyroscope is used for the angular speed for measuring motion carrier relative inertness space, right
The performance of inertia system plays key effect.However, in the measurement process of angular speed, classical measurement method is because by quantum force
Learn uncertainty principle limitation, cause measurement accuracy can not break through standard quantum limit (standard quantum limit,
SQL limitation).This standard quantum limit can not be broken through in classical physics principle, and carefully designing quantum process can then dash forward
Break this limit.In actual measurement process, the following two modes of generally use realize that measurement breaks through standard quantum limit and reached
Heisenberg's limit (Heisenberg limit, HL)：
1) special detection state is prepared, that is, changes the quantum statistical property of input detection state, reduces the quantum of observable quantity
Noise improves the precision of measurement.Such as：The detection state of input changes to sub- Poisson from Poisson statistics (Poisson statistics)
Count (sub-Poisson statistics), the noise of observed quantity can be made reduce, improve measurement accuracy.
2) special measurement interaction is designed, that is, changes the form of coupling Hamiltonian, improves the slope of output signal.
Such as：It is nonlinear interaction to change linear interaction, and the output intensity of light is detected by improving and strengthens measurement accuracy.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Sagnac angular velocity measurements system, especially with light and material nonlinear interaction process
Sagnac angular velocity measurement systems, system uses coherent light (pumping light field and signal light field) to be used as original incident signal, first
First with light and the non-linear process of interaction medium unit, realize strong between material coherence and pumping light field, signal light field
Degree and phase association, realize phase sensitive non-linear process；Then by light and material nonlinear interaction process and Sagnac effects
With reference to realizing the measurement of angular speed.
One side of the invention provides a kind of Sagnac angular velocity measurements system, including：
Light source, it is used to produce incident field；Wherein, the first light source is used to produce incident pump light field, and secondary light source is used
In generation incoming signal light field；
Interaction medium unit, it is used for the non-linear process for realizing light and material；The interaction medium unit can be place
In the atom of ground state, ion, molecule or quantum dot etc., such as87Rb atom assemblages.
Fiber optic coils, it is used to realize Sagnac effects, sense angular rate change；
Photodetector, it is used to detect final caused interference signal；
Polarization beam splitter, it is used for the beam splitting of light field with closing beam；Wherein, the first polarization beam splitter is by the first light source and second
Light source carries out space and closes beam；The light after beam is closed after interaction medium unit, the non-linear process of light and material occurs, realize into
Penetrate the amplification of signal light field；Exaggerated signal light field and the pumping light field of transmission are divided after the second polarization beam splitter beam splitting
Do not propagated in opposite directions along fiber optic coils, and effect Jie is incident to after closing beam by the second polarization beam splitter after output fiber coil
Matter unit, the non-linear process of second of light and material occurs；Front and rear nonlinear interaction twice is sent out by material coherence
Raw association, realizes that final interference signal is detected by photodetector, realizes angular velocity measurement；
Half-wave plate, it is used for the polarization for changing light field；Wherein, the first half-wave plate is used for the polarization state for changing the first light source；
Second half-wave plate, for changing the polarization state of the signal light field propagated in opposite directions in fiber optic coils and pumping light field, ensure flashlight
Field and space coincidence of the pumping light field in interaction medium unit.
Wherein, the first light source and secondary light source are the coherent sources that laser is sent, and work is in the pulsing mode.
Wherein, the first light source and secondary light source polarized orthogonal and two-photon resonance condition is met.
Wherein, first light source, secondary light source are all space coincidences.
Second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of Sagnac method for measuring angular velocity, including：
First light source pump light and secondary light source incoming signal light S0 close beam by the first polarization beam splitter and incide ground state
In the interaction medium unit of energy level, non-linear process is realized；In this process, incoming signal light S0 is amplified as flashlight
S1, while produce material coherence A1.Wherein, S1 is emitted with incident pump light, is left interaction medium unit and is reached second
Polarization beam splitter；Material coherence A1 is retained in interaction medium unit；Flashlight S1 and the pump light of transmission are in fiber optic coils
In propagate in opposite directions, realize Sagnac effects, complete angular speed sensing.After half-wave plate and the effect of the second polarization beam splitter again
Pump light, flashlight and the material coherence A1 returned in interaction medium unit interacts, and produces flashlight S2 and by light
Electric explorer detects, and now S2 light intensity is relevant with phase place change caused by angular speed to be measured, so as to realize the measurement of angular speed.
Wherein, in two paths of interaction one be light field, one is material coherence, light field and material phase in addition
Dryness produces phase and intensity correlation by nonlinear interaction process.
Wherein, incident coherent light is successively twice by interaction media units, front and rear nonlinear interaction twice
By material, coherence associates, and realizes signal detection, completes angular velocity measurement.
Present system uses coherent light (pump light and flashlight) to be used as original incident signal, on the one hand, using light with
The nonlinear interaction process of interaction medium unit, produce phase between material coherence and pumping light field, signal light field and strong
Degree association, realizes phase sensitive non-linear process；On the other hand, by light and material nonlinear interaction process and Sagnac effect knots
Close, realize the measurement of angular speed.
The system is not only nonlinear interferometer, and is light-material interferometer, and its sensitivity will be much larger than traditional top
Spiral shell instrument.Therefore, it is proposed by the present invention to utilize light and the Sagnac angular velocity measurement systems of material nonlinear interaction process, Ke Yiyou
Effect improves system signal noise ratio and sensitivity.
From the essence of light-matter interaction, the effective raising system signal noise ratio of the present invention and angular surveying are sensitive
Degree, measurement accuracy is broken through standard quantum limit and reach Heisenberg's limit (Heisenberg limit, HL), be high-precision angle
The development of degree measurement provides new way.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is interaction medium in inventive embodiments87Rb atomic energy levels and corresponding spectrogram.
Fig. 2 is that the structure of the Sagnac angular velocity measurement systems based on rubidium atom Raman scattering processes in inventive embodiments is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 3 is the Sagnac angular velocity measurement system experimentation flows based on rubidium atom Raman scattering processes in inventive embodiments
Figure.
Embodiment
With reference to specific examples below and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.The process of the implementation present invention,
Condition, experimental method etc., it is the universal knowledege and common knowledge of this area in addition to the following content specially referred to, this hair
It is bright that content is not particularly limited.
In Sagnac angular velocity measurements system of the present invention, interaction media units can be in ground state atom,
Ion, molecule or quantum dot etc..The present embodiment storage medium unit (10) is prepared on the pure of ground state87Rb atom assemblages.Fig. 1
It is shown that87Rb atomic energy levels and corresponding spectrogram.Wherein, 52S1/2、52P1/2、52P3/2For87The fine structure of Rb atoms, F
=1, F=2 is fine structure 5S1/2Hyperfine splitting, its energy level difference is 6.8GHz.Dotted line is shown87The virtual energy of Rb atoms
Level., should be by the initial state whole population of atom assemblage 5 to realize nonlinear optical and atom phase and intensity correlation2S1/2, F=
1 ground state level.
Non-linear process can be Raman Process or four-wave mixing process etc..Non-linear process in the present embodiment is drawing
Graceful process.The structural representation of the Sagnac angular velocity measurement systems based on rubidium atom Raman scattering processes is shown in Fig. 2.This
In invention, including：First light source 1, secondary light source 2, polarization beam splitter 3,4,5, revolve inclined device 6,7, photodetector 8, optical fiber cable
Circle 9, rubidium atom assemblage 10.
Wherein, the first light source 1 is used to produce incident pump light field, and secondary light source 2 is used for signal light field.The frequency of signal light field
Rate differs 6.8GHz with incident pump light field frequencies range, and meets two-photon resonance.More specifically, in present pre-ferred embodiments
First light source 1 and secondary light source 2 are coherent source.Secondary light source 2 is to realize frequency by the way that the first light source 1 is injected frequency shifter
Move.In present pre-ferred embodiments, incoming signal light field and pumping light field light field are pulse mode.
The Sagnac angular velocity measurement system experimentation flows of the invention based on rubidium atom Raman scattering processes are shown in Fig. 3
Figure.Restrained according to statistical distribution,87Rb atoms assemblage defers to ANALOGY OF BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION N ∝ Wexp (- β E) at thermal equilibrium, and wherein W is energy
Level E degeneracy, β=1/KT, K are Boltzmann constant.So87Rb atom assemblage atoms are nearly all distributed in 5S1/2, F=1,
On the relatively low energy level of 2 this two energy levels, and in excitation state 5P1/2,5P3/2On almost without atom be distributed.5S1/2, F=1,2 liang
Individual energy level very close to, all atoms population very close to.In order to improve functioning efficiency, it is necessary to carry out initial state preparation manipulation, institute is allowed
There are atom all populations in 5S1/2, on F=1, this operating process can realize that pumping light field is pulse by adding pumping light field
Pattern, sequential is before incoming signal light field, and frequency setting is extremely87Rb atom D2 lines (5S1/2, F=2 → 5P3/2, 780nm) altogether
Shake, atom is pumped into 5S1/2, F=1 energy levels.
Incident pump light field and signal light field S0 conjunction beams incide the rubidium atom assemblage 10 in ground state level and are excited
Raman scattering processes, produce signal light field S1 and atomic coherent states A1.After signal light field S1 is produced in rubidium atom assemblage 10, meeting
Shot out from rubidium atom assemblage 10, and atomic coherent states A1 can stay in the inside of rubidium atom assemblage 10 always.This excited Raman
Process, which produces Stokes signal light field S1 and atomic coherent states A1, has phase association and intensity correlation.Caused Stokes signals
Light field S1 is emitted from rubidium atom assemblage 10, is propagated in opposite directions in fiber optic coils 9 with the pump light of transmission, is realized Sagnac effects,
Complete angular speed sensing.Backed within after half-wave plate 7 and beam splitter 5 act on pump light in interaction medium unit 10,
Flashlight S1 and atomic coherent states A1 interact, and produce flashlight S2 and are simultaneously detected by photodetector (8), now S2 light intensity with
Phase place change caused by angular speed to be measured is relevant, so as to realize the measurement of angular speed.
At the same time, stimulated Raman scattering is realized in the pump light of transmission and the flashlight S1 interactions returned, closes beam
Optical signal S1 and atomic coherent states A1 are further amplified simultaneously, the flashlight S2 of caused amplification propagates out from atom assemblage
To be detected by photodetector 8, the atomic coherent states A2 of amplification is stayed in atom assemblage.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, in present pre-ferred embodiments, angular velocity measurement system utilizes87" Λ " type of Rb atoms is former
Intensity correlation and phase association between the energy level coherence of son and light field, allow light and atom to exist by stimulated Raman scattering process
Interference is realized in atom assemblage, with reference to relevant enhancing Raman technology, realizes highly sensitive angular velocity measurement.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, but it is intended only as example, it is of the invention and unlimited
It is formed on particular embodiments described above.To those skilled in the art, it is any to the equivalent modifications that carry out of the present invention and
Substitute also all among scope of the invention.Therefore, the impartial conversion made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and
Modification, all should be contained within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. Sagnac angular velocity measurements system, it is characterised in that including：Light source (1,2), it is used to produce incident field；Wherein, the first light source (1) is used to produce incident pump light field, the second light Source (2) is used to produce incoming signal light field；Interaction medium unit (10), it is used for the non-linear process for realizing light and material；Fiber optic coils (9), it is used to realize Sagnac effects, sense angular rate change；Photodetector (8), it is used to detect final caused interference signal；Polarization beam splitter (4,5), it is used for the beam splitting of light field with closing beam；Wherein, the first polarization beam splitter (4) is by the first light source (1) carry out space with secondary light source (2) and close beam；The light after beam is closed by the interaction medium unit (10) after, generation light and material Non-linear process, realize the amplification of incoming signal light field；Exaggerated signal light field and the pumping light field of transmission pass through the second pole After changing beam splitter (5) beam splitting, propagated in opposite directions respectively along fiber optic coils (9), and pass through the second polarization after output fiber coil Beam splitter (5) is incident to interaction medium unit (10) after closing beam, and second of non-linear process that light and material occurs occurs；It is front and rear Nonlinear interaction twice is associated by material coherence, realizes that final interference signal is detected by photodetector (8)； Half-wave plate (6,7), it is used for the polarization for changing light field；Wherein, the first half-wave plate (6) is used for the polarization for changing the first light source (1) State；Second half-wave plate (7), for changing the polarization state of the signal light field propagated in opposite directions in fiber optic coils (9) and pumping light field, protect Signal light field and pumping light field are demonstrate,proved in interaction medium unit (10) space coincidence.
- 2. Sagnac angular velocity measurements system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first light source (1) and Two light sources (2) are the coherent sources that laser is sent, and work is in the pulsing mode.
- 3. Sagnac angular velocity measurements system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first light source (1) and the second light Source (2) polarized orthogonal and meet two-photon resonance condition.
- 4. Sagnac angular velocity measurements system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first light source (1), second Light source (2) is all space coincidence.
- 5. Sagnac angular velocity measurements system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the interaction medium unit is selected from Atom, ion, molecule or quantum dot in ground state.
- A kind of 6. Sagnac method for measuring angular velocity, it is characterised in that including：First light source (1) pump light and secondary light source (2) incoming signal light S0 close beam by the first polarization beam splitter (4) and incided It is in the interaction medium unit (10) of ground state level, realizes non-linear process；In this process, incoming signal light S0 is put Great achievement flashlight S1, while material coherence A1 is produced, S1 is emitted with incident pump light, leaves the arrival of interaction medium unit Second polarization beam splitter (5), material coherence A1 are remained in interaction medium unit (10)；Flashlight S1 and the pump light of transmission are propagated in opposite directions in fiber optic coils (9), realize Sagnac effects, complete angular speed sense Should；The pumping in interaction medium unit (10) is backed within after half-wave plate (7) and the second polarization beam splitter (5) effect Light, flashlight S1 and material coherence A1 interact, and produce flashlight S2 and are detected by photodetector (8), now S2 light By force with angular speed to be measured caused by phase place change it is relevant, so as to realize the measurement of angular speed.
- 7. Sagnac method for measuring angular velocity according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in two paths of interaction One is light field, and one is material coherence in addition, light field and material coherence by nonlinear interaction process produce phase with Intensity correlation.
- 8. Sagnac method for measuring angular velocity according to claim 6, it is characterised in that incident coherent light priority is twice By the media units that interact, front and rear nonlinear interaction twice is associated by material coherence, realizes that signal is visited Survey, complete angular velocity measurement.
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| CN107917706B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2021-03-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Gyro resonant cavity structure with atomic gas dispersion |
| CN108614126B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-10-18 | 北京交通大学 | Angular velocity measurement device and method based on wideband adjustable optical-electronic oscillator |
| CN109591033A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-04-09 | 广州智伴人工智能科技有限公司 | A kind of non-contact type human-machine interaction system |
| CN109540120B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2022-05-06 | 华东师范大学 | High-precision angular velocity measurement system and method based on optical fiber Raman amplification |
| CN109596043B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-10-30 | 华东师范大学 | Asymmetric quantum interferometer and method |
| CN110441542B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2022-05-27 | 华南师范大学 | Sagnac atomic interferometer based on annular light field and measuring method |
| CN112051411A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-08 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Angular motion measuring device based on nonlinear optical wave beam splitting and beam combining |
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