CN105260801B - Long-term power and electricity balance analysis method for large-scale power station group of hydropower enrichment power grid - Google Patents
Long-term power and electricity balance analysis method for large-scale power station group of hydropower enrichment power grid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A long-term power and electric quantity balance analysis method for a large-scale power station group of a hydropower enrichment power grid is characterized in that a control condition for mainly adjusting a stage water level target of a hydropower station is introduced according to hydropower station classification, and a scheduling operation mode is optimized. According to the energy-saving principle, the processes of wind removal and the output of the hydropower station are preferably deducted, the total utilization hours are taken as control targets, the monthly electric quantity of each thermal power station is determined in a differentiation mode in flood season and dry period, and the load facing requirements of the hydropower station are obtained. And performing fixed water level calculation on the hydropower stations adjusted daily and below, determining an output process, further determining the electric quantity of each power station in equal proportion by taking the residual load as the electric quantity demand and taking the water levels of the hydropower stations adjusted in seasons and above before and at the end of flood as stage control targets, performing fixed output calculation, determining typical daily output processes of various power stations by coupling a load shedding method, and recalculating the downstream daily adjustment and the flow process of warehousing the hydropower stations below. The method has strong operability and high calculation efficiency, and can quickly obtain a reasonable and feasible medium-and-long-term electric power electric quantity balance plan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power system scheduling, in particular to a method for analyzing the balance of electric quantity of long-term power in a large-scale power station group of a hydropower enrichment power grid.
Technical Field
In more than ten years, the development of hydropower in China is the most fierce, and China has built the largest hydropower system in the world on a scale. In the southwest region with rich water resources, a hydropower-enriched power grid with hydropower as the main part and other power supplies as the auxiliary parts is formed. Taking a Yunnan power grid as an example, the total installed capacity of hydropower of the Yunnan power grid accounts for about 80% of the total installed capacity of the whole power grid, more than one hundred hydropower stations with balanced province and regulation are arranged, the basin where each hydropower station is located and the operation mode are different, and great challenges are brought to the dispatching operation of the power grid. In the medium-and-long-term dispatching operation of the power grid, reasonable space-time distribution is carried out on the aspects of electric quantity and electric power due to the nonuniformity of the distribution of the incoming water so as to evaluate the supply, demand and stability conditions of the power system in a future period of time, and the method is one of the main problems of the hydropower enrichment power grid. The traditional medium-and-long-term power and electricity balance analysis takes a month as a time scale, and the electricity balance are mutually separated, wherein the electricity balance is realized by typical day simplification, generally the day with the highest daily load, the lowest daily load or the day with the highest daily peak-valley difference.
Aiming at the problems, the invention relies on the significant international cooperation of the national science foundation (51210014) and the national science foundation (51579029), and the invention classifies hydropower stations based on the analysis of the balance of the electric power of the hydropower stations in Yunnan, combines the extreme load of each month and the actual control demand of the power grid, and introduces the stage water level target control condition of the main regulating hydropower station according to the installed capacity and the regulating performance difference of the hydropower stations, researches and invents the medium-long term optimized dispatching method suitable for the hydropower enrichment power grid, and can quickly obtain a reasonable and feasible electric power balance plan.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and practical medium-and-long-term electric power quantity balance analysis method for a hydropower-enriched power grid. Therefore, the invention can accurately measure the electric quantity to the day and the electric power balance to the hour so as to satisfy the analysis of various extreme loads in each month. And dividing the hydropower stations into three types according to the completeness of the hydropower station data and the adjusting capacity so as to reduce the number of the hydropower stations participating in optimization calculation. The water level of the key month of the third type of power station (main regulating power station) is controlled to ensure that the operation plan of the third type of power station accords with the practical application of the project.
The invention discloses a medium-and-long-term electric power and electric quantity balance analysis method for a large-scale power station group of a hydropower enrichment power grid, which is used for completing medium-and-long-term electric power and electric quantity balance analysis according to the following steps (1) to (10):
(1) and reading hourly load requirements in a scheduling period of a certain provincial power grid.
(2) Selecting all power stations participating in power and electric quantity balance calculation, including a hydropower station, a thermal power station, a wind power station and a photovoltaic power station; hydropower stations are classified into three types according to different characteristics: the first type of hydropower station is a hydropower station lacking in calculation data; the second type of hydropower station is provided with calculation data and has cycle regulation performance and the following regulation performance; the third type of hydropower station is a main adjusting power station participating in power and electric quantity balance analysis, is used for adjusting the power and electric quantity balance of a system, and generally selects a power station with seasonal adjustment performance or more;
(3) and setting constraint conditions of various power supplies for different types of power supplies. Setting out-of-reservoir limit, water level limit and upper and lower output limit limits for the hydropower station; and for thermal power stations, wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations, output deduction and output upper and lower limit limits are set.
(4) Aiming at the characteristics of various power supplies, the operation modes of partial power stations are directly arranged. For the first type of hydropower station, the output process of each time interval is directly arranged due to the lack of necessary calculation data, and the output is the average output of the previous Y years, such as the formula (1), wherein N ism,tIs the average output of the station m in the time period t, Nm,y,tThe average output of the power station m in the y year time period t; for the second type hydropower station, the water level process is arranged by taking the historical actual operating water level as a reference; for the third type hydropower station, the initial water level process is arranged according to the control water level point, and the electricity generation amount of the third type hydropower station is estimated according to the initial water level, the final water level and the predicted water entering into the reservoir in the dispatching period
And arranging the power generation amount in the scheduling period of the thermal power station. In the flood season, each thermal power station operates with the minimum output of a single unit, and in the dry season, each thermal power station distributes the residual electric quantity in the dispatching period according to the load proportion of each month; for wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations, a typical day operation mode is selected from historical months as the operation mode of each month.
(5) And calculating the output processes of the second type hydropower stations and the third type hydropower stations by a water power-fixing method.
(6) And (3) calculating the balanced electric quantity required by the third type hydropower station in each time period by adopting a formula (2). In the formula (2), EH3,tThe amount of electricity generated for a third type of hydroelectric power station, DtIs the required electric quantity of the time period t, MH1、MH2、MT、MW、MSThe number of the first-type hydropower stations, the second-type hydropower stations, the thermal power stations, the wind power stations and the photovoltaic power stations is respectively.
(7) Arranging the electric quantity of the main regulating power stations in equal proportion according to the electric quantity generated by the third type hydropower stations, and calculating by adopting an electric water-fixing method, wherein the electric quantity distributed by each main regulating power station is as shown in a formula (3), and E in the formulak,tThe required power generation amount of the kth hydropower station in the t period is obtained.
(8) And (5) calculating the deviation of the total power generation amount and the total load by time intervals, and if the electric quantity is unbalanced, recalculating from the step (6), and if the electric quantity is balanced, performing the step (9).
(9) And deducting the daily load of the wind power station and the photovoltaic power station, and then gradually cutting the load according to the sequence of the hydroelectric power station and the thermal power station. The hydropower station adjusts the electric quantity according to the equal conformity rate principle, the thermal power station is sequenced according to the energy-saving and emission-reducing principle, and the daily output process is determined by adopting a load shedding method.
(10) And carrying out power balance analysis on the next day until medium-and long-term power and electric quantity balance analysis is completed.
The method has strong operability and high calculation efficiency, and can quickly obtain a reasonable and feasible medium-and-long-term electric power electric quantity balance plan.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of solving a power electricity balance analysis.
Fig. 2(a) is a monthly electricity balance diagram of the system.
Fig. 2(b) is a power balance diagram of the system 1 month and 1 day.
Fig. 3(a) is a solar water level course of a bay hydroelectric power plant.
Fig. 3(b) is a process of daily output of the glutinous ferry hydropower station.
Fig. 3(c) is a typical 1 month 1 day output process for a waxy ferry hydropower station.
Fig. 4(a) is a process of daily output of the diandong thermal power station.
Fig. 4(b) is a typical 1-month power output process of the diandong thermal power station.
FIG. 5(a) is a typical Lezi wind plant 1 month 1 day output process.
Fig. 5(b) shows a typical power output process of the Yangxongshan photovoltaic power station 1 month and 1 day.
Detailed Description
The traditional medium-long term power and electric quantity balance analysis aims at evaluating the electric quantity and electric power profit and loss conditions of a system in a future period of time, carrying out electric quantity analysis by taking a month as a time scale, and then selecting a typical day to carry out power balance analysis. However, the typical day representing a month is not sufficient to reflect all the extreme loads occurring in each month, and it is not easy to analyze the continuous operation of each power station in each month. For a hydropower enrichment power grid, the number of hydropower stations is far more than that of the hydropower stations in the traditional main power grid using thermal power, so that the traditional mathematical programming method is difficult to apply. In addition, the operation modes of other power sources are not considered in the process of establishing the medium-long-term operation mode of the conventional hydropower station, so that the acquired hydropower plan cannot guide the practical application.
Aiming at the three problems, the invention analyzes three aspects of reading hourly load requirements, classifying and selecting power stations and arranging various power station operation modes, and divides the medium-and-long-term electric power and electric quantity balance analysis method into four key stages, including: reading hourly load requirements, sorting and selecting power stations, arranging various power station operation modes and carrying out balance analysis.
The specific operation method of each stage is as follows as the processes (1) to (4)
(1) Read hourly load demand:
the hourly load demands of the medium-long term can reflect the continuous change process of the load and various extreme load conditions in a future period, and the power balance analysis can effectively avoid the problems caused by selecting a typical day to perform the power balance analysis on the basis of the hourly load demands. Thus, the method first reads the hourly load demand from the Energy Management System (EMS) during the system scheduling period.
(2) And (3) power station classification selection:
the power station classification can classify and process power supplies with similar operation modes or the same characteristics, so that the arrangement of the operation modes is facilitated. The power supply considered by the method comprises hydroelectric power, thermal power, wind power and photovoltaic power. The hydropower station of the first type is a hydropower station which lacks calculation data; the second type of hydropower station is a hydropower station with calculation data, but the influence of the water level change on the power and electric quantity balance of the provincial power grid is small; the third type of hydropower station is a main adjusting power station participating in power and electric quantity balance analysis, is used for adjusting the power and electric quantity balance of a system, and generally selects a power station with larger installed capacity or better adjusting performance. The main regulating power stations are classified into one category, so that the number of hydropower stations participating in calculation is reduced, and the calculation time and the memory occupation are reduced.
(3) Arranging various power station operation modes:
and various operation modes are respectively arranged according to the operation characteristics of various power stations. And for wind power and photovoltaic power stations, considering uncertainty of the wind power and photovoltaic power stations, selecting a typical day operation mode from historical months as the operation mode of each month. And for the thermal power station, arranging the total electric quantity of the thermal power station in a scheduling period, operating the thermal power station with the minimum output of a single unit in a flood season, distributing the residual electric quantity of the scheduling period according to the load proportion of each month in a dry season, and then distributing the monthly average electric quantity of the distributed electric quantity to the day. For the first type of hydropower station, the output process of each time period is directly arranged due to the lack of necessary calculation data. For the hydropower station of the second type, the water level process is arranged by taking the historical actual operation water level as a reference. For the third type of hydroelectric power station, the initial water level process is arranged according to the control water level at the end of 5 months, 10 months and 12 months. The main purpose of water level control is to reduce the threat of water inlet uncertainty to the safety and stability of the power grid to the maximum extent. The method mainly controls and adjusts the hydropower station to operate at a lower water level at the bottom of 5 months, and generally takes the flood control safety of a reservoir into consideration; controlling the high water level operation at the bottom of 10 months to ensure that the reservoir can generate electricity in the dry season; and controlling the water level at the end of the year, namely storing energy for the next year to ensure the power consumption requirement of the next year. The power generation plan formulated in the way can not only ensure the balance of electric power and electric quantity, but also guide the actual operation of the hydropower station.
(4) Carrying out equilibrium analysis:
the daily electric quantity balance analysis is carried out, and new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like are fully absorbed; for a thermal power station, absorbing daily electric quantity; for the first type hydropower stations and the second type hydropower stations, absorbing all electric quantity; for the third type hydropower stations, the daily electric quantity is distributed in equal proportion according to the generating capacity of each hydropower station according to the residual load, and the daily water level process is determined by adopting an electric water-fixing method, such as formula 4. Since the second type of hydropower station and the third type of hydropower station may be located in the same cascade basin, simultaneous calculation is required.
zk,t＝f(Zk,t-1,qk,t,nk,t,Δt) (4)
In the formula: z is a radical ofk,tIs the upstream water level of reservoir k in time period t, qk,tIs the warehousing flow of the reservoir at t time period k, nk,tAnd (4) determining output of the reservoir at a time interval k, wherein delta t is the time interval length and is in seconds.
And carrying out day-by-day power balance analysis after the day-by-day power balance analysis. For new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, a typical daily operation mode is adopted and all the new energy sources are absorbed; sequencing thermal power stations according to an energy-saving and emission-reducing principle, and determining the operation mode of the thermal power stations by adopting a load shedding method; and for the hydropower station, adjusting the electric quantity according to the equal coincidence rate principle. And determining the daily output process by adopting a load shedding method. In the load shedding process, firstly, the total load deducts the output processes of the wind power station and the photovoltaic power station; secondly, water and electricity take part in load shedding; and thirdly, the thermal power participates in load shedding, and daily power balance analysis is completed.
According to the idea, a complete optimization scheduling process is realized according to the following steps (1) to (10):
(1) and reading hourly load requirements in a scheduling period of a certain provincial power grid.
(2) And selecting all power stations participating in power and electric quantity balance calculation, including hydropower stations, thermal power stations, wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations.
For hydroelectric rich power grids, there are many power stations with different characteristics. Hydropower stations are classified into three types according to different characteristics: the first type of hydropower station is a hydropower station lacking in calculation data; the second type of hydropower station is a hydropower station with calculation data, but the influence of the water level change on the power and electric quantity balance of the provincial power grid is small; the third type of hydropower station is a main adjusting power station participating in power and electric quantity balance analysis, is used for adjusting the power and electric quantity balance of a system, and generally selects a power station with larger installed capacity or better adjusting performance.
(3) And setting constraint conditions of various power supplies for different types of power supplies. Setting out-of-reservoir limit, water level limit and upper and lower output limit limits for the hydropower station; and for thermal power stations, wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations, output deduction and output upper and lower limit limits are set.
(4) Aiming at the characteristics of various power supplies, the operation modes of partial power stations are directly arranged. For the first type of hydropower station, the output process of each time interval is directly arranged due to the lack of necessary calculation data, and the output is the average output of the previous Y years, such as the formula (1), wherein N ism,tIs the average output of the station m in the time period t, Nm,y,tThe average output of the power station m in the y year time period t; for the second type hydropower station, the water level process is arranged by taking the historical actual operating water level as a reference; for the third type hydropower station, the initial water level process is arranged according to the control water level point, and the electricity generation amount of the third type hydropower station is estimated according to the initial water level, the final water level and the predicted water entering into the reservoir in the dispatching period
And arranging the power generation amount in the scheduling period of the thermal power station. In flood season, each thermal power station operates with the minimum output of a single unit, and in dry season, each thermal power station is distributed and adjusted according to the load proportion of each monthRemaining capacity of the battery; for wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations, a typical day operation mode is selected from historical months as the operation mode of each month.
(5) And calculating the output processes of the second type hydropower stations and the third type hydropower stations by a water power-fixing method.
(6) And (3) calculating the balanced electric quantity required by the third type hydropower station in each time period by adopting a formula (2). In the formula (2), EH3,tThe amount of electricity generated for a third type of hydroelectric power station, DtIs the required electric quantity of the time period t, MH1、MH2、MT、MW、MSThe number of the first-type hydropower stations, the second-type hydropower stations, the thermal power stations, the wind power stations and the photovoltaic power stations is respectively.
(7) Arranging the electric quantity of the main regulating power stations in equal proportion according to the electric quantity generated by the third type hydropower stations, and calculating by adopting an electric water-fixing method, wherein the electric quantity distributed by each main regulating power station is as shown in a formula (3), and E in the formulak,tThe required power generation amount of the kth hydropower station in the t period is obtained.
(8) And (5) calculating the deviation of the total power generation amount and the total load by time intervals, and if the electric quantity is unbalanced, recalculating from the step (6), and if the electric quantity is balanced, performing the step (9).
(9) And deducting the daily load of the wind power station and the photovoltaic power station, and then gradually cutting the load according to the sequence of the hydroelectric power station and the thermal power station. The hydropower station adjusts the electric quantity according to the equal conformity rate principle, the thermal power station is sequenced according to the energy-saving and emission-reducing principle, and the daily output process is determined by adopting a load shedding method.
(10) And carrying out power balance analysis on the next day until medium-and long-term power and electric quantity balance analysis is completed.
Taking Yunnan power grid as an example, 119 hydropower stations, 11 thermal power stations, 44 wind power stations and 11 photovoltaic power stations which actually participate in provincial balance adjustment are adopted to carry out medium-term and long-term power and electric quantity balance analysis on the system. Yunnan is in the southwest region of China, has abundant water resources, and has been developed into a hydropower enrichment type power grid taking hydropower as main energy through continuous development in recent years, the operation mode of the hydropower enrichment type power grid needs to be arranged according to the characteristics of various power supplies in the process of medium-long term planning, and the hydropower is classified and processed according to different installed capacities and adjusting performances of the hydropower.
Now, the power and electricity balance analysis in a certain year is taken as an example, and the use process of the invention is introduced. The method comprises four stages of reading hourly load requirements, classifying and selecting power stations, arranging various power station operation modes and carrying out balance analysis. The specific calculation flow is shown in fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the balance result of the system power capacity. The first type hydropower station and the second type hydropower station directly arrange a water level process, and the third type hydropower station carries out electric power and electric quantity balance adjustment. In this example, a power station of a bay or a glutinous ferry in the lancang river is selected as a main adjusting power station, and the specific balance result is shown in fig. 3; the following table 1 shows a detailed balance plan, and it can be seen that the monthly electric quantity of the system meets the electric quantity requirement, and the electric quantity balance is realized.
Monthly electric quantity balance meter (unit: MW, hundred million kWh)
On the other hand, the power generation conditions of thermal power, photovoltaic power and wind power are further analyzed. For thermal power stations, in the flood season, each thermal power station operates with the minimum output of a single unit; in the dry period, distributing the residual electric quantity of each thermal power station in the dispatching period according to the load proportion of each month; figure 4 gives the results of the equilibrium calculation for the yundon power plant. For wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations, generating power generation plans by adopting a typical-day operation mode of each month; fig. 5 is a balance analysis result of wind farm Lizi ban and photovoltaic power plant sheep male mountain.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of simple principle, less calculation power stations, strong plan implementability and the like, and can efficiently compile a reasonable and feasible medium-term and long-term power and electricity balance plan.
The present embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (1)
1. A method for analyzing the balance of electric power and electric quantity in a large-scale power station group of a hydropower enrichment power grid for a long term is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) reading hourly load requirements in a dispatching period of a provincial power grid;
(2) selecting all power stations participating in power and electric quantity balance calculation, including a hydropower station, a thermal power station, a wind power station and a photovoltaic power station;
hydropower stations are classified into three types according to different characteristics:
the first type of hydropower station is a hydropower station lacking in calculation data;
the second type of hydropower station is provided with calculation data and has cycle regulation performance and the following regulation performance;
the third type of hydropower station is a main adjusting power station participating in power electric quantity balance analysis, is used for adjusting the power electric quantity balance of a system, and selects a power station with seasonal adjustment performance or more;
(3) for different types of power supplies, setting constraint conditions of various power supplies; setting out-of-reservoir limit, water level limit and upper and lower output limit limits for the hydropower station; setting output deduction and output upper and lower limit limits of a thermal power station, a wind power station and a photovoltaic power station;
(4) directly arranging the operation modes of partial power stations; for the first type of hydropower station, the output process of each time interval is directly arranged due to the lack of necessary calculation data, and the output is the average output of the previous Y years, such as formula (1), wherein N ism,tIs the average output of the station m in the time period t, Nm,y,tThe average output of the power station m in the y year time period t; for a second type of hydroelectric power station, toSetting the water level process with the historical actual operation water level as the reference; for the third type hydropower station, the initial water level process is arranged according to the control water level point, and the electricity generation amount of the third type hydropower station is estimated according to the initial water level, the final water level and the predicted water entering into the reservoir in the dispatching period
For the thermal power station, arranging the power generation amount in a scheduling period; in the flood season, each thermal power station operates with the minimum output of a single unit, and in the dry season, each thermal power station distributes the residual electric quantity in the dispatching period according to the load proportion of each month; for wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations, selecting a typical day operation mode from historical months as the operation mode of each month;
(5) calculating the output processes of the second type hydropower stations and the third type hydropower stations by a water power-fixing method;
(6) calculating the balanced electric quantity required by the third hydropower station in each time period by adopting a formula (2); in the formula (2), EH3,tThe amount of electricity generated for a third type of hydroelectric power station, DtIs the required electric quantity of the time period t, MH1、MH2、MT、MW、MSThe number of the first-type hydropower stations, the second-type hydropower stations, the thermal power stations, the wind power stations and the photovoltaic power stations is respectively;
(7) arranging the electric quantity of the main regulating power stations in equal proportion according to the electric quantity generated by the third type hydropower stations, and calculating by adopting an electric water-fixing method, wherein the electric quantity distributed by each main regulating power station is as shown in a formula (3), and E in the formulak,tThe required power generation amount of the kth hydropower station in the t period is obtained;
(8) calculating the deviation of the total power generation amount and the total load by time intervals, if the electric quantity is unbalanced, starting to calculate again from the step (6), and if the electric quantity is balanced, performing the step (9);
(9) deducting the daily load of the wind power station and the daily load of the photovoltaic power station, and then sequentially cutting the loads according to the sequence of water power, electricity power and thermal power; the method comprises the following steps that (1) electric quantity of hydropower is adjusted according to an equal conformity rate principle, thermal power is sequenced according to an energy-saving emission reduction principle, and a load shedding method is adopted to determine a daily output process;
(10) and carrying out power balance analysis on the next day until medium-and long-term power and electric quantity balance analysis is completed.
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| CN104408557A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-11 | 大连理工大学 | Distribution method of saving power supply electricity of balance adjusting power plant through water and electricity enrichment power grid during flood season |
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