CN105253946B - Multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle, including being arranged in the first activated carbon adsorption bed of sorption channel leading portion and being arranged in the second activated carbon adsorption bed of sorption channel back segment, first activated carbon adsorption bed carries high meso-hole structure activated carbon, second activated carbon adsorption bed carries superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon, the present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned multistage charcoal absorption bed system, the present invention has treatment effeciency high, reduced investment, it is low to run standing charges, energy consumption is low, the advantages of applied widely, especially it is when plurality of organic pollutants in water being present, also it can preferably carry out selectivity and complete adsorption cleaning by batch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multistage activated carbon adsorption bed cleaning system, is primarily adapted for use in water supply and drainage treatment technology neck
Domain, it can be applied to raw water and the deep purifying processing engineering of sewage.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid development of economy, the species and usage amount of organic matter are continuously increased.Organic matter makes extensively
By the use of inevitably entering through various channels as in the water body of drinking water source, river, reservoir, lake as water source
By different degrees of Organic Pollution.And the artificial synthesized small organic molecule using phenols as representative, can result in water body
Permanent contact scar and intractability is very big.Organic matter can also constantly accumulate in water body and soil, then pass through food chain
Into organism and it is progressively enriched with, finally enters human body, toxic action is produced to the mankind.In addition in water body generally existing with humic
Natural macromolecular organic matter based on acid, natural macromolecular organic matter are by molecular weight is different, chemical characteristic is different a variety of groups
Divide what is formed, its presence can dramatically increase the formation of carcinogenicity DBPs.At present, in general organic matter treatment technology
Including flocculation, there is treating capacity deficiency, cost height etc. when being handled applied to organic pollution in method for oxidation and biological treatment
Problem.Therefore, therefore the effective organic matter treatment technology of exploiting economy is the key of pollution control in water.
Activated carbon is a kind of porous sorbing material for being process by physico-chemical process based on carbon,
With the characteristics of internal voids structure is flourishing, specific surface area is big and adsorption capacity is strong.Therefore it is net in various improvement water quality and raising
In the further treatment technique of water effect, active carbon adsorption technology be make up the most ripe method of the problem of conventional hydraulic art is present it
One.Active carbon adsorption technology has just been used to remove the smelly and taste in water early in the 1920s abroad.Activated carbon pair
The removal of organic matter is mainly the suction-operated of internal various holes, thus the distribution of pores structures shape of activated carbon it to not
With the removal effect of molecular size organic pollution.The internal void of activated carbon can be generally divided into macropore, mesoporous and micropore.It is living
Property charcoal suction-operated depend on intermolecular force, the absorption that chemical bond force and electrostatic attraction are formed, the institute of material
Changed automatically with producing concentration on two-phase interface, key be to be present between adsorbent and adsorbate these three are different
Active force, these three active forces form respectively physical absorption, chemisorbed and exchange adsorption, and they constitute the suction of activated carbon
Attached characteristic.
Through patent retrieval, the research using multistage activated carbon adsorption bed processing organic pollutants is less both at home and abroad.This
Outside, for now, charcoal absorption application is primarily present natural macromolecular organic matter and small organic molecule competitive Adsorption, small
Molecular organic polymerizate, which easily blocks activated carbon space, makes the regeneration difficulty of saturated activity charcoal, for natural macromolecular organic matter
The problem of rate of adsorption is slow.Therefore design one kind is needed badly to be directed at the feasible effective charcoal absorption of variety classes organic matter
Reason system, to better meet Organic Pollutants In Water process demand.
The content of the invention
Present invention technical problems to be solved first are to provide a kind of multistage activity based on selective absorption cleaning principle
Charcoal adsorbs bed system, and its treatment effeciency is high, is applicable Some Organic Pollutants is removed, and different types of organic pollution can be entered
Row selective absorption, while good regenerating active carbon efficiency is provided.
Technical scheme is used by the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem：Multistage based on selective absorption cleaning principle
Charcoal absorption bed system, including be arranged in the first activated carbon adsorption bed of sorption channel leading portion and be arranged in sorption channel back segment
The second activated carbon adsorption bed, first activated carbon adsorption bed carries high meso-hole structure activated carbon, second activated carbon
Adsorbent bed carries superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon, the high meso-hole structure activated carbon can adsorption cleaning natural macromolecular it is organic
Thing, the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon being capable of the artificial synthesized small organic molecules of adsorption cleaning.
While using above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also be used or combined using technology further below
Scheme：
The high meso-hole structure activated carbon is arranged closely in the first activated carbon adsorption bed with bulk form, and the superelevation is micro-
Pore structure activated carbon is arranged closely in the second activated carbon adsorption bed with bulk form.
The superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon can suppress artificial synthesized small organic molecule and occur to gather under aerobic state
Close reaction.
The BET specific surface area of the high meso-hole structure activated carbon is 1696 m2/g, and mesopore volume is 0.672 cm3/g, always
Pore volume is 1.025 cm3/g, and mesoporous ratio is 65.6%.
The BET specific surface area of the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon is 1476 m2/g, and micro pore volume is 0.683 cm3/g,
Total pore volume is 0.841 cm3/g, and micropore ratio is 81.3%.
The multi-stage absorption system of the present invention by the way of multi-stage absorption, is specifically divided into leading portion during adsorption cleaning
And back segment, leading portion carry out adsorption cleaning using high meso-hole structure activated carbon, high meso-hole structure activated carbon possesses net suitable for absorption
Change the physicochemical properties of natural macromolecular organic matter, be capable of effective removal natural macromolecular organic pollution of selectivity, from
And it effectively prevent competitive Adsorption of the natural macromolecular organic matter with artificial synthesized small organic molecule in back segment adsorbent bed and make
With greatly improving adsorption efficiency of the back segment adsorbent bed for small organic molecule, back segment is entered using superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon
Row adsorption cleaning, superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon can not only effectively remove artificial synthesized small molecule organic pollution, and living
Property charcoal possessed superelevation micropore structure can effectively suppress artificial synthesized small organic molecule and be sent out under aerobic state
Raw polymerisation, so as to substantially increase the regeneration efficiency of activated carbon.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the above-mentioned multistage based on selective absorption cleaning principle
The preparation method of charcoal absorption bed system, the preparation method include preparing high meso-hole structure activated carbon and superelevation micropore first
The step of structure-activity charcoal, the step of preparing high meso-hole structure activated carbon be：
（1）Anthracite is crushed, crosses 28-40 mesh sieves；Potassium hydroxide pellet is crushed；It is 1 according to mass ratio:4 will be smokeless
Coal uniformly mixes with potassium hydroxide；The ratio of a ml deionized water is added according to every gram of potassium hydroxide simultaneously, by deionized water
Add to anthracite and potassium hydroxide mixture, mixture is changed into pureed；
（2）Mixture is positioned in tubular type activation furnace, mixing placement 12 hours under 110 oC；
（3）Anthracite after placement is activated 2 hours under 800oC, and whole process is passed through nitrogen to ensure inert atmosphere,
Specific nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 400ml/min；
（4）Then under argon atmosphere, gained activated carbon is heat-treated 20 hours under 900oC；
（5）Then the potassium hydroxide of the hydrochloric acid wash residual activated carbon surface of 5 mol/L concentration is utilized；Then using go from
It is 6.5-7 that sub- water washs to pH repeatedly, prepares activated carbon；
（6）The activated carbon of preparation is dried under 105oC, crushed, packaging is put into stand-by in sealing container；
The physicochemical properties of obtained product are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Prepare superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon the step of be：
（1）Anthracite is crushed, crosses 28-40 mesh sieves；Potassium hydroxide pellet is crushed；It is 1 according to mass ratio:2 will be smokeless
Coal uniformly mixes with potassium hydroxide；The ratio of a ml deionized water is added according to every gram of potassium hydroxide simultaneously, by deionized water
Add to anthracite and potassium hydroxide mixture, mixture is changed into pureed；
（2）Mixture is positioned in tubular type activation furnace, mixing placement 12 hours under 110 oC；
（3）Anthracite after placement is activated 2 hours under 650oC, and whole process is passed through nitrogen to ensure inert atmosphere,
Specific nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 400ml/min；
（4）Then the potassium hydroxide of the hydrochloric acid wash residual activated carbon surface of 5 mol/L concentration is utilized；Then using go from
It is 6.5-7 that sub- water washs to pH repeatedly, prepares activated carbon；
（5）The activated carbon of preparation is dried under 105oC, crushed, packaging is put into stand-by in sealing container；
The physicochemical properties of obtained product are as shown in table 2.
Table 2
After the above step is finished, respectively by obtained high meso-hole structure activated carbon and superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon with block
The form of shape structure and compact arranged mode are respectively charged into the first activated carbon adsorption bed and the second activated carbon adsorption bed, then will
First activated carbon adsorption bed and the second activated carbon adsorption bed are sequentially arranged in sorption channel, form the multistage charcoal absorption
Bed system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, place the high meso-hole structure activated carbon of preparation in leading portion adsorbent bed, such a activated carbon it is mesoporous（20-500Å）
Ratio reaches 66%, and because the molecular size of most natural macromolecular organic matters is between 20-60, therefore activated carbon is non-
The absorption of natural macromolecular organic matter is very suitable for, secondly, the total acid-base value and zero potential of activated carbon surface can be with from table 1
It was found that activated carbon surface possesses considerable basic functionality, thus by the basic functionality of activated carbon surface with it is natural big
Neutralization of acid with base between the acidic carboxypolymer of molecular organic, activated carbon can be effectively improved for natural macromolecular organic matter
Suction-operated.By above-mentioned effect, activated carbon can be good at the natural macromolecular organic contamination in selective absorption water body
Thing.Therefore, for water body when by multistage activated carbon adsorption bed, natural macromolecular organic pollution can be by the adsorbent bed of front end
Activated carbon effectively removes.
2nd, water flows into back segment activated carbon adsorption bed after flowing through front end absorption, and the high micropore knot of preparation is placed in this section of adsorbent bed
Structure activated carbon, its specific surface area reach 1476 m2/g, therefore it is small in water body so as to effectively remove to provide enough adsorption potentials
Molecular organic pollutants.Further, since the micropore of such a activated carbon（0-20Å）Ratio reaches 81%, therefore can ensure absolutely mostly
The adsorbed organic pollutions of number are all unimolecule state, and polymerisation and the polymer that is formed due to excessive size then not
It can be tightly held by activated carbon, so as to effectively suppress generation of the polymerisation in activated carbon surface, and it is organic due to unimolecule state
Pollutant is easy to be resolved out during regenerating active carbon, therefore can greatly improve activity using such a activated carbon
The regeneration efficiency of charcoal, the cost performance that increase activated carbon uses.
3rd, the present invention has the advantages for the treatment of effeciency height, reduced investment, operation standing charges are low, energy consumption is low, applied widely,
It is that also can preferably carry out selectivity to complete adsorption cleaning by batch especially when plurality of organic pollutants in water be present.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of leading portion adsorbent bed carrying activated carbon.
Fig. 2 is the preparation flow figure of back segment adsorbent bed carrying activated carbon.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the multistage charcoal absorption bed system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, prepare high meso-hole structure activated carbon.
As shown in figure 1, the high mesoporous activated carbon of suitable natural macromolecular organic matter absorption uses ball milling using anthracite as raw material
Machine crushes anthracite, crosses 28-40 mesh sieves, the raw material of fineness needed for collection.Granular sodium hydroxide is ground into afterwards powdered.
It is 1 according still further to mass ratio:4 uniformly mix anthracite with potassium hydroxide.One milliliter is added according to every gram of potassium hydroxide simultaneously to go
The ratio of ionized water, deionized water is added to anthracite and potassium hydroxide mixture, mixture is changed into pureed.Then will be mixed
Compound is positioned in tubular type activation furnace, mixing placement 12 hours under 110 oC.Anthracite after placement is activated under 800oC
2 hours, and whole process is passed through nitrogen to ensure inert atmosphere, and specific nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 400ml/min.Then in argon atmospher
Under enclosing, gained activated carbon is heat-treated 20 hours under 900oC.Then the hydrochloric acid wash residual activated carbon of 5 mol/L concentration is utilized
The potassium hydroxide on surface, and it is 6.5-7 to be washed repeatedly to pH using deionized water.Activated carbon will be prepared afterwards under 105oC
Drying, then obtained activated carbon is crushed, packaging is put into stand-by in sealing container.
Embodiment 2, prepare superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon.
As shown in Fig. 2 the high microporous activated carbon of suitable synthesized micromolecule organic matter absorption uses ball milling using anthracite as raw material
Machine crushes anthracite, crosses 28-40 mesh sieves, the raw material of fineness needed for collection.Granular sodium hydroxide is ground into afterwards powdered.
It is 1 according still further to mass ratio:2 uniformly mix anthracite with potassium hydroxide.One milliliter is added according to every gram of potassium hydroxide simultaneously to go
The ratio of ionized water, deionized water is added to anthracite and potassium hydroxide mixture, mixture is changed into pureed.Then will be mixed
Compound is positioned in tubular type activation furnace, mixing placement 12 hours under 110 oC.Anthracite after placement is activated under 650oC
2 hours, and whole process is passed through nitrogen to ensure inert atmosphere, and specific nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 400ml/min.Then 5 are utilized
The potassium hydroxide of the hydrochloric acid wash residual activated carbon surface of mol/L concentration, and it is 6.5- to be washed repeatedly to pH using deionized water
7.Activated carbon will be prepared afterwards to dry under 105oC, then obtained activated carbon will be crushed, and packaging, which is put into sealing container, to be treated
With.
Embodiment 3, the multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle.
The multistage charcoal absorption bed system of the present invention includes the first activated carbon adsorption bed 1 for being arranged in sorption channel leading portion
With the second activated carbon adsorption bed 2 for being arranged in sorption channel back segment, first activated carbon adsorption bed 1 carries high meso-hole structure
Activated carbon 3, second activated carbon adsorption bed 2 carry superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon 4, the high meso-hole structure activated carbon 3
Can adsorption cleaning natural macromolecular organic matter, the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon 4 being capable of artificial synthesized small point of adsorption cleaning
Sub- organic matter.The high meso-hole structure activated carbon 3 is arranged closely in the first activated carbon adsorption bed 1 with bulk form, described super
High microcellular structure activated carbon 4 is arranged closely in the second activated carbon adsorption bed 2 with bulk form.The superelevation microcellular structure activity
Charcoal 4 can also suppress artificial synthesized small organic molecule and polymerisation occurs under aerobic state.
The physicochemical properties of the high meso-hole structure activated carbon 3 are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
The physicochemical properties of the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon 4 are as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| BET specific surface area (m2/g) | Micro pore volume (cm3/g) | Total pore volume (cm3/g) | Micropore ratio (%) | |
| Activated carbon | 1476 | 0.683 | 0.841 | 81.3 |
As shown in figure 3, the water body containing plurality of organic pollutants after conventional processing technique is handled, is flowed into based on selection
The multistage charcoal absorption bed system of property adsorption cleaning principle.Multistage charcoal absorption bed system is in place in the first activity of leading portion
Place the high meso-hole structure activated carbon 3 of preparation in charcoal adsorbent bed 1, such a activated carbon it is mesoporous（20-500Å）Ratio reaches 66%,
Because the molecular size of most natural macromolecular organic matters is between 20-60, therefore activated carbon is very suitable for naturally
The absorption of larger molecular organicses, secondly as activated carbon possesses the total alkalinity and zero potential on high surface, so activated carbon surface
Possesses considerable basic functionality, therefore the acidity for the basic functionality and natural macromolecular organic matter for passing through activated carbon surface
Neutralization of acid with base between carboxyl, suction-operated of the activated carbon for natural macromolecular organic matter can be effectively improved.Pass through
Above-mentioned effect, activated carbon can be good at the natural macromolecular organic pollution in selective absorption water body.Therefore, day in water body
Right macromolecular organic pollution can be trapped effective removal in the adsorbent bed of front end.
Subsequent water body flows into the second activated carbon adsorption bed 2 for being arranged in back segment after front end is adsorbed, and is put in this section of adsorbent bed
The high microcellular structure activated carbon 4 of the suitable synthesized micromolecule organic matter absorption of preparation is put, its specific surface area reaches 1476 m2/g,
Therefore enough adsorption potentials can be provided so as to effectively remove the small molecule organic pollution in water body.Further, since such a activity
The micropore of charcoal（0-20Å）Ratio reaches 81%, therefore can ensure that most adsorbed organic pollutions are all unimolecule shape
State, and polymerisation and the polymer that is formed be because excessive size can not be then tightly held by activated carbon, so as to effectively suppress polymerization
React the generation in activated carbon surface.And due to the organic pollution of unimolecule state be easy to during regenerating active carbon by
Parse, therefore the regeneration efficiency of activated carbon can greatly be improved using such a activated carbon, the property that increase activated carbon uses
Valency ratio.
Finally, water body safety dumping after the selective absorption purification of multistage activated carbon adsorption bed.
Arrow represents water (flow) direction in figure.
Claims (4)
1. the multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle, it is characterised in that：The absorption bed system
Including being arranged in the first activated carbon adsorption bed of sorption channel leading portion and being arranged in the second charcoal absorption of sorption channel back segment
Bed, first activated carbon adsorption bed carry high meso-hole structure activated carbon, the activated carbon table of first activated carbon adsorption bed
Face possesses basic functionality, and second activated carbon adsorption bed carries superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon, the high meso-hole structure
Activated carbon can adsorption cleaning natural macromolecular organic matter, the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon can adsorption cleaning it is artificial synthesized
Small organic molecule；The BET specific surface area of the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon is 1476m2/ g, micro pore volume 0.683cm3/
G, total pore volume 0.841cm3/ g, micropore ratio are 81.3%, and the BET specific surface area of the high meso-hole structure activated carbon is
1696m2/ g, mesopore volume 0.672cm3/ g, total pore volume 1.025cm3/ g, mesoporous ratio are 65.6%.
2. the multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle, its feature exist as claimed in claim 1
In the high meso-hole structure activated carbon is arranged closely in the first activated carbon adsorption bed with bulk form, the superelevation micropore knot
Structure activated carbon is arranged closely in the second activated carbon adsorption bed with bulk form.
3. the multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle, its feature exist as claimed in claim 1
In the superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon can suppress artificial synthesized small organic molecule and polymerization occurs under aerobic state instead
Should.
4. the preparation method of the multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle, the preparation method are used for
The multistage charcoal absorption bed system based on selective absorption cleaning principle any one of claim 1-3 is prepared, its
It is characterised by, methods described including the step of preparing high meso-hole structure activated carbon and superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon, is prepared first
The step of high meso-hole structure activated carbon is,
（1）Anthracite is crushed, crosses 28-40 mesh sieves；Potassium hydroxide pellet is crushed；It is 1 according to mass ratio:4 by anthracite with
Potassium hydroxide uniformly mixes；The ratio of a ml deionized water is added according to every gram of potassium hydroxide simultaneously, deionized water is added
To anthracite and potassium hydroxide mixture, mixture is set to be changed into pureed；
（2）Mixture is positioned in tubular type activation furnace, mixing placement 12 hours at 110 DEG C；
（3）Anthracite after placement is activated 2 hours at 800 DEG C, and whole process is passed through nitrogen to ensure inert atmosphere, specifically
Nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 400ml/min；
（4）Then under argon atmosphere, gained activated carbon is heat-treated 20 hours at 900 DEG C；
（5）Then the potassium hydroxide of the hydrochloric acid wash residual activated carbon surface of 5mol/L concentration is utilized；Then deionized water is utilized
It is 6.5-7 to wash repeatedly to pH, prepares activated carbon；
（6）The activated carbon of preparation is dried at 105 DEG C, crushed, packaging is put into stand-by in sealing container；
Prepare superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon the step of be：
（1）Anthracite is crushed, crosses 28-40 mesh sieves；Potassium hydroxide pellet is crushed；It is 1 according to mass ratio:2 by anthracite with
Potassium hydroxide uniformly mixes；The ratio of a ml deionized water is added according to every gram of potassium hydroxide simultaneously, deionized water is added
To anthracite and potassium hydroxide mixture, mixture is set to be changed into pureed；
（2）Mixture is positioned in tubular type activation furnace, mixing placement 12 hours at 110 DEG C；
（3）Anthracite after placement is activated 2 hours at 650 DEG C, and whole process is passed through nitrogen to ensure inert atmosphere, specifically
Nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 400ml/min；
（4）Then the potassium hydroxide of the hydrochloric acid wash residual activated carbon surface of 5mol/L concentration is utilized；Then deionized water is utilized
It is 6.5-7 to wash repeatedly to pH, prepares activated carbon；
（5）The activated carbon of preparation is dried at 105 DEG C, crushed, packaging is put into stand-by in sealing container；
After the above step is finished, obtained high meso-hole structure activated carbon and superelevation microcellular structure activated carbon are tied with bulk respectively
The form of structure and compact arranged mode are respectively charged into the first activated carbon adsorption bed and the second activated carbon adsorption bed, then by first
Activated carbon adsorption bed and the second activated carbon adsorption bed are sequentially arranged in sorption channel, form the multistage activated carbon adsorption bed system
System.
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| CN112661233A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 北京元泰达环保科技有限公司 | System and process for removing heavy metal ions in water |
| CN114890495B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-03-21 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for determining competitive organic matters influencing activated carbon adsorption of micropollutants in water |
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| CN101439857A (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2009-05-27 | 武汉科技大学 | Mesoporous activated carbon and preparation process thereof |
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