CN105251487A - Preparation method of W@Pt/C core-shell structure catalyst for fuel cell - Google Patents

Preparation method of W@Pt/C core-shell structure catalyst for fuel cell Download PDF

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CN105251487A
CN105251487A CN201510749986.7A CN201510749986A CN105251487A CN 105251487 A CN105251487 A CN 105251487A CN 201510749986 A CN201510749986 A CN 201510749986A CN 105251487 A CN105251487 A CN 105251487A
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catalyst
powder
core
preparation
wpt
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CN105251487B (en
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李巧霞
王亚骏
邹亮亮
李云华
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a W@Pt/C core-shell structure catalyst for a fuel cell. The method comprises the steps: weighing an organic solvent, adding the weighed organic solvent into a reaction container, weighing tungsten carbonyl powder, adding the weighed tungsten carbonyl powder into the organic solvent, performing ultrasound dissolution to obtain a solution, adding activated carbon powder into the solution, introducing N2 for removing oxygen, stirring, performing heating reflux, reacting, cooling to the room temperature, washing, performing suction filtration, performing vacuum drying, grinding to obtain carbon-loaded W nano particle powder; and adding the prepared carbon-loaded W nano particle powder into a tube furnace, introducing H2/N2 mixed gas used as operation gas, performing heat treatment, adding powder after heat treatment into an another reaction container, adding ultrapure water for performing the ultrasound dissolution, introducing N2 for removing the oxygen to obtain a system, raising the temperature of the system, adding a K2PtCl4 solution into the solution (system), stirring, reacting, cooling, washing, performing suction filtration, performing vacuum drying, and grinding to obtain W@Pt/C catalyst powder. The preparation method can be used for improving an electro-catalytic property and a stability property of the catalyst, and can be used for enhancing the poison tolerance capacity of the catalyst.

Description

A kind of preparation method of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical field, relate to a kind of fuel cell, specifically a kind of preparation method of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure.
Background technology
Along with human society development, energy crisis shows especially gradually, and development is clean, energy industry is extremely urgent efficiently.Low-temperature fuel cell is a kind of energy conversion device chemical energy of fuel being directly converted to electric energy, it have fuel source abundant, cheap, to carry and storage safe is convenient, energy density advantages of higher, be considered to desirable civil and military compact power and traffic equipment power supply.But fuel cell really will move towards market and still be faced with many difficult problems: catalyst cost is high, utilization rate is low, and methanol crossover makes catalyst poisoning, water management difficulty etc.Wherein, catalyst material is the core of fuel cell, and therefore, the eelctro-catalyst of research and development high efficiency low cost becomes the key point of dealing with problems.
At present, the catalyst that low-temperature fuel cell uses, no matter anode catalyst or cathod catalyst are all the noble metal catalysts based on Pt.Pt is proved to be the optimum catalyst active component for low-temperature fuel cell, but uses Pt also to there are following serious problems as fuel-cell catalyst: (1) Pt scarcity of resources; (2) expensive; (3) poison resistance is poor.In order to reduce the production cost of fuel cell, improving the catalytic activity of catalyst, strengthening the anti-poisoning capability to accessory substance, mainly from two aspect researchs: (1) adopts the alloying of Pt and other metals; (2) Pt individual layer is adopted to modify the method for other metals or nucleocapsid structure.
Pt based alloy catalyst can improve catalyst electro catalytic activity due to metal cooperative effect while reduction Pt consumption, but also there is metal and easily separate out the problems such as dissolving, poor catalyst stability.Because Pt shell coated both can prevent the loss of the transition group active metal as in alloy catalyst, the use amount of Pt can be reduced again, reduce the cost of catalyst, therefore to prepare with Pt be shell, the catalyst of nucleocapsid structure that other metals or alloy are core is method popular at present.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure, the preparation method of described this fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure solves the technical problems such as Pt/C catalyst noble metal consumption of the prior art is large, catalyst utilization is low, catalytic activity is low.
The preparation method of a kind of fuel cell WPt/C of the present invention catalyst with core-casing structure, comprises the following steps:
Prepare the step that carbon carries W nano particle for (1) one; The organic solvent measuring certain volume joins in a reaction vessel, and take a certain amount of tungsten carbonyl powder and join in organic solvent, ultrasonic making it is dissolved completely, then joins in above-mentioned solution by a certain amount of activated carbon powder, logical N 2deoxygenation magnetic agitation 30-60min, add hot reflux 6-24h afterwards, temperature controls between 100-250 DEG C, after reacting completely, cool the temperature to room temperature, with ethanol washing gained solution, vacuum drying at 50 ~ 65 DEG C after suction filtration, after dry, grinding obtains the W nanoparticle powder that carbon carries; The material ratio of above-mentioned organic solvent used, tungsten carbonyl and activated carbon powder is 50-100mL:160-320mg:80-160mg;
The step of (2) preparation WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure, carries W nanoparticle powder by the carbon that step (1) is obtained and adds in tube furnace, logical H 2/ N 2gaseous mixture makes protection gas, and 200-300 DEG C of heat treatment 2-3h, joins above-mentioned heat treated powder in another one reaction vessel, and ultrasonic the making it of ultra-pure water adding certain volume is dissolved, and logical N 2deoxygenation, is warming up to 50 ~ 65 DEG C by system, with the K of peristaltic pump by 15 ~ 25mmol/L 2ptCl 4solution adds in above-mentioned solution, and magnetic agitation is reacted, and after reaction terminates, be cooled to room temperature, wash gained solution with water, vacuum drying at 50 ~ 65 DEG C after suction filtration, grind to obtain WPt/C catalyst fines after drying, above-mentioned carbon carries W nanoparticle powder, ultra-pure water and K 2ptCl 4material ratio be 50-100mg:100-200mL:1-5mL.
Further, described activated carbon powder is VulcanXC-72 activated carbon powder.
Further, at H 2/ N 2in gaseous mixture, H 2volume be 5 ~ 20%.
Further, described organic solvent is o-dichlorohenzene.
The present invention adopts solvent heat decomposition method, carries W nano particle, then do not add any reducing agent and surfactant, only utilize W and Pt by tungsten carbonyl heat resolve is obtained homodisperse carbon 2+a small amount of Pt is replaced catalyst surface by spontaneous displacement reaction, thus is uniformly dispersed, low Pt carrying capacity, oxygen reduction reaction is had to the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of higher catalytic activity.Also necessary heat treatment is carried out to the catalyst of preparation in experiment, further increased the activity of catalyst.
The preparation method of a kind of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of the present invention, owing to adopting the method from displacement, compared with the method for traditional Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst, step is easy, do not add other reducing agents and surfactant, decrease the introducing of foreign atom; Again because of preparation is catalyst with core-casing structure, compared with conventional P t/C catalyst, greatly reduces the consumption of noble metal, improves the utilization rate of catalyst, and utilize intermetallic synergy, improves the catalytic capability of catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction.
The present invention compares with prior art, and its technological progress is significant.The invention provides that a kind of particle is little, good dispersion, noble metal dosage are low and oxygen reduction reaction had to the preparation method of the fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of fine catalytic action.The present invention by introducing a kind of cheapness and stable base metal on the basis of Pt base, as W, form a kind of catalyst with core-casing structure, the carrying capacity of Pt can be reduced thus reduce fuel cell cost, improve electrocatalysis characteristic and the stability of catalyst, strengthen the anti-poisoning capability of catalyst.This is significant for solving high, active low, the easily problem such as poisoning and fuel cell the marketization of catalyst cost in fuel cell.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure that embodiment 1 obtains.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure that embodiment 1 obtains.
Fig. 3 is that the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure that obtains of embodiment 1 and comparative examples 20% business Pt/C catalyst are at O 2saturated 0.5MHClO 4linear scan curve when solution medium speed is 1600rpm.
Detailed description of the invention
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is set forth further below by specific embodiment, but do not limit the present invention.
embodiment 1
A preparation method for fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure, specifically comprises the following steps:
Prepare the step that carbon carries W nano particle for (1) one:
Measure 50mL organic solvent and add 250mL three-neck flask, take 160mg tungsten carbonyl powder and join in organic solvent, ultrasonic 30min makes it to dissolve completely.Then 80mgVulcanXC-72 activated carbon powder is added in solution, logical N 2deoxygenation magnetic agitation 60min.Add hot reflux 12h afterwards, temperature is set to 183 DEG C.Complete Deng reaction, cool the temperature to room temperature, with ethanol washing gained solution 5 times, after suction filtration at 60 DEG C vacuum drying 12h, after dry, grinding obtains the W nanoparticle powder that carbon carries.
The step of (2) preparation WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure:
The carbon that step (1) is obtained is carried W nanoparticle powder and adds tube furnace, logical 10%H 2/ N 2gaseous mixture makes protection gas, 300 DEG C of heat treatment 3h.Above-mentioned for 50mg heat treated powder is joined in 250mL three-neck flask, adds the ultrasonic 30min of 100mL ultra-pure water and make it to dissolve.System is warming up to 60 DEG C, with peristaltic pump by 2.45mL20mmol/LK 2ptCl 4solution slowly adds above-mentioned solution, magnetic agitation reaction 24h.Reaction terminate after, be cooled to room temperature, wash gained solution with water 4 times, after suction filtration at 60 DEG C vacuum drying 12h, grind to obtain WPt/C catalyst fines after drying.
The reference substance that the present invention selects is the 20% Pt/C nanometer beaded catalyst that Johnson-Matthey company produces.
Concrete, described organic solvent is o-dichlorohenzene.
According to X-ray diffraction method of testing [ChenS.L., DaiY., OuL.H., etal.EfficientandSuperiorlyDurablePt-LeanElectrocatalyst sofPt-WAlloysfortheOxygenReductionReaction [J] .J.Phys.Chem.C.2011, 115, 2162 – 2168.], be 40KV in test voltage, electric current is 40mA, sweep speed is under the condition of 2 °/min, the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of D8ADVANCE type X-ray diffractometer to embodiment 1 gained of German Bruker company is adopted to carry out X-ray diffraction sign, the collection of illustrative plates obtained as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 1, black line represents the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of embodiment 1 gained; Triangle represents WO 3characteristic diffraction peak; Square represents the characteristic diffraction peak of C; The circular characteristic diffraction peak representing Pt.Occurred the characteristic diffraction peak of Pt in Fig. 1, and the intensity at peak is relatively little, this illustrates that Pt has been displaced to the surface of catalyst, and is exist with thinner molecular layer form; Not having the characteristic peak of obvious W in Fig. 1, is because W nano particle prepared by thermal decomposition method is unbodied, so can't detect; There is WO in Fig. 1 3characteristic peak, be because the surface-active of W nano particle is high, in heat treated process, protection gas is impure containing air, causes a small amount of W nano particle oxidized, the side light existence of W.
According to transmissioning electric mirror test method [ChenS.L., DaiY., OuL.H., etal.EfficientandSuperiorlyDurablePt-LeanElectrocatalyst sofPt-WAlloysfortheOxygenReductionReaction [J] .J.Phys.Chem.C.2011,115,2162 – 2168.], be under the condition of 220KV at accelerating potential, adopt the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of JEM2100F type transmission electron microscope to embodiment 1 gained of NEC (JEOL) company to carry out transmission electron microscope sign, the Electronic Speculum figure obtained as shown in Figure 2.As seen from Figure 2, prepared WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure particle is less, about 1-2nm, good dispersion, and granular size is homogeneous, without obvious agglomeration.
According to electrochemistry linear volt-ampere method of testing [ChenS.L., DaiY., OuL.H., etal.EfficientandSuperiorlyDurablePt-LeanElectrocatalyst sofPt-WAlloysfortheOxygenReductionReaction [J] .J.Phys.Chem.C.2011, 115, 2162 – 2168.], be under the condition of 5mV/s in sweep speed, the 20% business Pt/C nanoparticle catalyst that the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure adopting the CHI730E type electrochemical workstation of Shanghai Chen Hua instrument company to obtain embodiment 1 and comparative examples obtain carries out electro-chemical test, be determined at O 2saturated 0.5MHClO 4linear scan curve when solution medium speed is 1600rpm as shown in Figure 3.In Fig. 3, solid line represents the linear scan curve of the WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure that embodiment 1 obtains; Dotted line represents the linear scan curve of the 20% business Pt/C nanoparticle catalyst that comparative examples obtains.By Fig. 3, between 0.8-0.9V, the scanning curve of WPt/C catalyst and business Pt/C catalyst almost overlaps, and half wave potential is respectively 0.794V and 0.797V, illustrate that the WPt/C catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction of preparation has higher catalytic activity, can match in excellence or beauty with business-like; Again because contained by prepared WPt/C catalyst, precious metals pt is less (it is 8.32% that EDS detects Pt content), when 0.9V, the mass ratio activity of Pt is 18.26mA/mg, be 2.4 times of 20% business Pt/C catalyst (its mass ratio activity is 7.55mA/mg), illustrate that WPt/C catalyst has higher catalyst utilization.
In sum, the preparation method of a kind of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure of the present invention, the catalyst pattern of preparation is homogeneous, good dispersion, has higher catalytic activity, effectively can reduce the consumption of precious metals pt to fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction.Above said content be only the present invention conceive under basic explanation, and according to any equivalent transformation that technical scheme of the present invention is done, all should protection scope of the present invention be belonged to.

Claims (4)

1. a fuel cell preparation method for WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Prepare the step that carbon carries W nano particle for (1) one; The organic solvent measuring certain volume joins in a reaction vessel, and take a certain amount of tungsten carbonyl powder and join in organic solvent, ultrasonic making it is dissolved completely, then joins in above-mentioned solution by a certain amount of activated carbon powder, logical N 2deoxygenation magnetic agitation 30-60min, add hot reflux 6-24h afterwards, temperature controls between 100-250 DEG C, after reacting completely, cool the temperature to room temperature, with ethanol washing gained solution, vacuum drying at 50 ~ 65 DEG C after suction filtration, after dry, grinding obtains the W nanoparticle powder that carbon carries; The material ratio of above-mentioned organic solvent used, tungsten carbonyl and activated carbon powder is 50-100mL:160-320mg:80-160mg;
The step of (2) preparation WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure, carries W nanoparticle powder by the carbon that step (1) is obtained and adds in tube furnace, logical H 2/ N 2gaseous mixture makes protection gas, and 200-300 DEG C of heat treatment 2-3h, joins above-mentioned heat treated powder in another one reaction vessel, and ultrasonic the making it of ultra-pure water adding certain volume is dissolved, and logical N 2deoxygenation, is warming up to 50 ~ 65 DEG C by system, with the K of peristaltic pump by 15 ~ 25mmol/L 2ptCl 4solution adds in above-mentioned solution, and magnetic agitation is reacted, and after reaction terminates, be cooled to room temperature, wash gained solution with water, vacuum drying at 50 ~ 65 DEG C after suction filtration, grind to obtain WPt/C catalyst fines after drying, above-mentioned carbon carries W nanoparticle powder, ultra-pure water and K 2ptCl 4material ratio be 50-100mg:100-200mL:1-5mL.
2. the preparation method of a kind of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described activated carbon powder is VulcanXC-72 activated carbon powder.
3. the preparation method of a kind of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in H2/N2 gaseous mixture, and the volume of H2 is 5 ~ 20%.
4. the preparation method of a kind of fuel cell WPt/C catalyst with core-casing structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described organic solvent is o-dichlorohenzene.
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CN113594473A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-11-02 华东理工大学 Preparation method of fuel cell carbon-supported core-shell structure platinum-based catalyst

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