CN105241757A - Uniform load mechanism, three dimensional slope model test load apparatus and three dimensional slope model test load method - Google Patents
Uniform load mechanism, three dimensional slope model test load apparatus and three dimensional slope model test load method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105241757A CN105241757A CN201510599418.3A CN201510599418A CN105241757A CN 105241757 A CN105241757 A CN 105241757A CN 201510599418 A CN201510599418 A CN 201510599418A CN 105241757 A CN105241757 A CN 105241757A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a uniform load mechanism, a three dimensional slope model test load apparatus and a three dimensional slope model test load method, and belongs to the technical field of test of the strength of a solid material by using mechanical stress. The uniform load mechanism comprises a flat plate and a force application unit, the force application unit is used for applying action force of an action point on the flat plate, and the flat plate is in direct contact with an action force carrier; and the three dimensional slope model test load apparatus comprises the uniform load mechanism, and the carrier is in direct contact with a three dimensional slope model test loading position. The three dimensional slope model test load method comprises the following steps: assembling the uniform load mechanism; allowing the carrier of the uniform load mechanism to be in direct contact with the three dimensional slope model test loading position; applying load to the flat plate through the force application unit; and testing the deformation amount, the stress and the destroyed form of the three dimensional slope model test load loading position according to the load applied to the three dimensional slope model test loading position. Accurate theoretic bases are provided for relevant engineering design in the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the strength characteristics technical field with mechanical stress test solid material, particularly relate to a kind of evenly load mechanism, three-dimensional slope model test load means and method.
Background technology
Power is one of fundamental physical quantity because all aspects of the action effect of influence power can be grouped into sized by, direction, application point, therefore, the size of power, direction, application point are the three elements of power.In scientific research, conveniently, often abstract to research object, concrete and imagery.Power is the effect of object to object, have push away, draw, carry, press, attract, the mode of action such as repulsion.During research, we the power acted on object, can regard as and concentrate on a bit, the application point of power that Here it is.Two power that size and Orientation is identical, when acting on diverse location on one object, can produce different effects.Such as, when turning round screw, on spanner from screw more away from position force more laborsaving, nearer, more require great effort; When pushing, push at door handle place and be easy to, push the most inboard of door, be difficult to push open.But, in some simulation tests, in order to farthest close to reality scene, often need to apply uniform acting force over a larger area to an object, in this case, if cannot apply uniform acting force over a larger area to this object, then the test findings of this simulation test can be very large with reality scene deviation, causes test findings cannot provide theoretical foundation for relevant engineering design.
Such as, the stability analysis of side slope is the important subject of rock-soil mechanics and engineering always, and China is the country that limit (cunning) slope disaster takes place frequently, and history records early has the record of " Di Yiyan village " and " river is blocked up in landslide ".The main harm on limit (cunning) slope causes casualties and destroy urban and rural buildings, traffic route, factory mine, Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, soil, farmland etc., and limit (cunning) slope disaster brings serious threat to social economy and people's lives.Therefore, analyze limit (cunning) be broken into because of, discussion limit (cunning) break the importance of mechanism to Chinese national economy construction and sustainable development be self-evident.
Side slope physical experiments analyzes limit (cunning) to be broken into because one of important means of mechanism is broken in, discussion limit (cunning).In side slope three-dimensional model test platform, a lot of expert has carried out correlative study, such as:
Application publication number is that the Chinese invention patent of CN103884831A discloses a kind of roadbed side slope and underground works multifunction three-dimensional model test platform.See in accompanying drawing 1, figure, 01-underground cell body, 02-counter force wall, 03-counter-force bracing frame, the transparent sidewall of 04-, 05-connecting rod, 06-door, 07-vertically load longeron, the detachable median septum of 08-, 09-actuator, 010-load plate, 011-anchor cable connect hook.
Application publication number is the three-dimensional model test platform device that the Chinese invention patent of CN104677739A discloses a kind of diadactic structure soil-slope destruction.See accompanying drawing 2,201-pedestal, 202 first screw rods, 203-backboard, 204-second screw rod, 205-nut, 206-support bar, 207-square net, the left poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of 208-, 209-front apron, 210-upper junction plate, the right poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of 211-.
But in the three-dimensional model test platform of above research, charger is all adopt rigidity load plate, and the load of applying neither be uniform, and it cannot simulate uniform flexible load, therefore, test findings and reality deviation very large.Cause test findings cannot provide theoretical foundation for relevant engineering design.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, a kind of three-dimensional slope model test load method that the invention provides evenly load mechanism, comprise the uniform flexible load device of the three-dimensional slope model test of this evenly load mechanism, realize based on this three-dimensional slope model test load means, thus be more suitable for practicality.
In order to reach above-mentioned first object, the technical scheme of evenly load mechanism provided by the invention is as follows:
Evenly load mechanism provided by the invention comprises flat board, forcing unit, and described forcing unit is for applying the acting force of application point on described flat board, and described flat board directly contacts the carrier of described acting force.
The object of evenly load mechanism of the present invention and solve its technical matters and also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises container, and described container has sidewall, and described flat board has thickness, and the interior cross sectional shape of described container is identical with the shape of cross section of described flat board, and the inwall of described flat board and described container forms sliding pair.
As preferably, the carrier of described acting force is flexible carrier, has accommodation space between the bottom surface of described flat board and described sidewall, and described flexible carrier is full of in described accommodation space.
As preferably, described flexible carrier comprises external packing and content, and described content is gas or liquid, and described external packing is made up of flexible material, and described content is full of in described external packing.
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises apparatus for detecting pressure, and described apparatus for detecting pressure is for detecting the pressure of described content.
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises connecting pipe, and described apparatus for detecting pressure is tensimeter, and described connecting pipe is fixedly connected on described external packing, described external packing is in communication with the outside by described connecting pipe, and described tensimeter is removably connected to described connecting pipe.
As preferably, between described tensimeter and described connecting pipe, form screw thread pair, or described tensimeter is connected to described connecting pipe by a buckle structure.
As preferably, described flat board is provided with through hole, and described connecting pipe is through described through hole.
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises the first remote interface, and described first remote interface is arranged on described tensimeter, and the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by described first remote interface by described tensimeter.
As preferably, described pressure detection agency is pressure transducer, wireless communication interface, described pressure transducer is included in described external packing, described wireless communication interface is arranged on described pressure transducer, and the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by described wireless communication interface by described pressure transducer.
As preferably, it is several that described terminal device is selected from PC, mobile phone, single-chip microcomputer.
As preferably, described terminal device is provided with pressure data receiver.
As preferably, described pressure data receiver is hardware unit or virtual module.
As preferably, described virtual module is APP.
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises displacement transducer, and institute's displacement sensors is for detecting the displacement of described flat board.
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises the second remote interface, and described displacement data is sent to described terminal device by described second remote interface by institute's displacement sensors.
As preferably, described terminal device is provided with displacement data receiver.
As preferably, described displacement data receiver is hardware unit or virtual module.
As preferably, described virtual module is APP, and described APP is also for calculating the deflection of described external packing, and the operational formula of described deflection is Δ V=S × Δ d, wherein, and the area of the xsect of Δ V-external packing deflection, S-flat board, the displacement of Δ d-flat board.
As preferably, described external packing is made up of rubber or plastics.
In order to reach above-mentioned second object, the technical scheme of three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention is as follows:
Three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention comprises evenly load mechanism provided by the invention, and described carrier directly contacts the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test.
In order to reach above-mentioned 3rd object, the technical scheme of three-dimensional slope model test load method provided by the invention is as follows:
Three-dimensional slope model test load method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
Assemble evenly load mechanism provided by the invention;
The carrier of described evenly load mechanism is made directly to contact the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test;
By described forcing unit to described dull and stereotyped load application;
According to the form be applied to after the deflection at loading position of load test three-dimensional slope model test at loading position of three-dimensional slope model test, stress, destruction.
As preferably, described three-dimensional slope model test load method also comprises the step be full of by described content in described external packing.
As preferably, the step that described content is full of in described external packing is comprised the following steps:
By described connecting pipe, described content is full of to described external packing;
Described tensimeter is installed on described connecting pipe.
As preferably, the step that described content is full of in described external packing is comprised the following steps:
Described content is full of in described external packing.
Evenly load mechanism provided by the invention is when applying, and the application point of the acting force applied by forcing unit, on flat board, by the transmission of this flat board, then during load application outside by the carrier directly contacting this flat board, can make load uniform.
Three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention applies evenly load mechanism provided by the invention, when directly being contacted the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test by carrier, the load that the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test is subject to is evenly load.
Three-dimensional slope model test load method provided by the invention realizes based on three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention, when directly being contacted the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test by carrier, the load that the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test is subject to is evenly load, form after the deflection at the loading position obtained after test, stress, destruction, closer to reality scene, can provide theoretical foundation more accurately for relevant engineering design.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading hereafter detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantage and benefit will become cheer and bright for those of ordinary skill in the art.Accompanying drawing only for illustrating the object of preferred implementation, and does not think limitation of the present invention.And in whole accompanying drawing, represent identical parts by identical reference symbol.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of application publication number roadbed side slope and underground works multifunction three-dimensional model test platform disclosed in the Chinese invention patent of CN103884831A;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of application publication number three-dimensional model test platform device that diadactic structure soil-slope destroys disclosed in the Chinese invention patent of CN104677739A;
The structural representation of the evenly load mechanism that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one;
The structural representation of the evenly load mechanism that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one when the run-off the straight of application process middle plateform;
The structural representation of the evenly load mechanism that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two;
The structural representation of the evenly load mechanism (after tensimeter assembling) that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention three;
The structural representation of the evenly load mechanism (before in tensimeter race) that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention three;
The structural representation of the evenly load mechanism that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the present invention four;
The flow chart of steps of the three-dimensional slope model test load method that Fig. 9 provides for the embodiment of the present invention eight;
The front view of the three-dimensional slope model test load means that Figure 10 provides for the embodiment of the present invention ten;
The right view of the three-dimensional slope model test load means that Figure 11 provides for the embodiment of the present invention ten;
The vertical view of the three-dimensional slope model test load means that Figure 12 provides for the embodiment of the present invention ten;
Figure 13 is the explosive view of Figure 11.
Embodiment
The present invention is for solving prior art Problems existing, a kind of three-dimensional slope model test load method providing evenly load mechanism, comprise the three-dimensional slope model test load means of this evenly load mechanism, realize based on this three-dimensional slope model test load means, thus be more suitable for practicality.
For further setting forth the present invention for the technological means reaching predetermined goal of the invention and take and effect, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to the load mechanism proposed according to the present invention, three-dimensional slope model test load means and method, its embodiment, structure, feature and effect thereof, be described in detail as follows.In the following description, the not necessarily same embodiment that different " embodiment " or " embodiment " refers to.In addition, special characteristic, structure or feature in one or more embodiment can be combined by any suitable form.
Term "and/or" herein, being only a kind of incidence relation describing affiliated partner, can there are three kinds of relations in expression, such as, A and/or B, concrete is interpreted as: can include A and B simultaneously, can individualism A, also can individualism B, above-mentioned three kinds of any one situations can be possessed.
Embodiment one
See accompanying drawing 1, the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention one provides comprises dull and stereotyped 1, forcing unit 2, forcing unit 2 for applying the acting force of application point on dull and stereotyped 1, the carrier 3 of dull and stereotyped 1 direct contact action power.
Evenly load mechanism provided by the invention is when applying, and the application point of the acting force applied by forcing unit 2, on dull and stereotyped 1, by the transmission of this flat board 1, then during load application outside by the carrier 3 directly contacting this flat board 1, can make load uniform.
Its shortcoming is, when the application point acting on the acting force on dull and stereotyped 1 is not just when the center of dull and stereotyped 1, easily causes dull and stereotyped 1 to tilt, see accompanying drawing 4, now, flat board 1 contacts with the face between carrier 3 and changes point cantact into, cannot reach the effect making load uniform.
Embodiment two
See accompanying drawing 5, the basis of the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention one provides is improved, the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention two provides also comprises container 4, container 4 has sidewall, dull and stereotyped 1 has thickness, the interior cross sectional shape of container 4 is identical with the shape of cross section of dull and stereotyped 1, and dull and stereotyped 1 forms sliding pair with the inwall of container 4.In this case, the inwall of container 4 can and the outer wall of dull and stereotyped 1 between formed and retrain, make dull and stereotyped 1 can only move up and down along the inwall direction of container 4, the defect appeared in the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention one provides tilting to cause by dull and stereotyped 4 can be avoided.
In the present embodiment, the carrier 3 of acting force is flexible carrier, and have accommodation space between the bottom surface of dull and stereotyped 1 and sidewall, flexible carrier is full of in accommodation space.When the outside load application of carrier 3, this load can be subject to the shape restriction of bearing thing of carrier 3 and/or this load, the lug boss of carrier 3 can present the concentrated effect of stress, and after carrier is designed to flexible carrier, its shape can adapt with the shape of bearing thing of this load, thus avoid the stress caused by the shape of bearing thing of carrier 3 and/or this load to concentrate, still can reach the effect making load uniform.
Wherein, as a kind of concrete implementation of flexible carrier, in the present embodiment, flexible carrier comprises external packing and content, and content is gas or liquid, and external packing is made up of flexible material, and content is full of in external packing.In addition, flexible carrier can also be made up of other flexible materials, but, for some flexible material, compare and be difficult to measure its pressure, and when adopting the flexible carrier of the present embodiment, can measure its pressure by apparatus for detecting pressure.Therefore, in the present embodiment, also comprise apparatus for detecting pressure, apparatus for detecting pressure is for detecting the pressure of content.
In the present embodiment, external packing is made up of rubber or plastics.Rubber and plastics all have flexibility, but, the elasticity of some rubber or plastics is not very large, it is suitable for being applied in the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention two provides more, when elastic properties of materials is excessive, because external packing cannot realize the effect limiting gas or the liquid diffusion be full of in external packing, the pressure that gas or liquid produce in fact time realized by the restriction of container 4 pairs of gases or liquid, because the contact area of bearing between thing of container 4 and load is less, this external packing is easily caused to be extruded this container 4 together with content entirety.
Embodiment three
See accompanying drawing 6, as the first the concrete implementation of the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention two provides, the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention three provides also comprises connecting pipe 6, apparatus for detecting pressure is tensimeter 5, connecting pipe 6 is fixedly connected on external packing, external packing is in communication with the outside by connecting pipe 6, and tensimeter 5 is removably connected to connecting pipe 6.See accompanying drawing 6, between tensimeter 5 and connecting pipe 6, form screw thread pair, or tensimeter 5 is connected to connecting pipe 5 by a buckle structure.In the present embodiment, for the ease of the layout of tensimeter 5, dull and stereotyped 1 is provided with through hole 7, and connecting pipe 6 is through through hole 7.In the present embodiment, by content, the step be full of in external packing comprises the following steps: be full of content in external packing by connecting pipe 6; Tensimeter 5 is installed on connecting pipe 5.That is, in the present embodiment, connecting pipe 6 has two effects: first effect is the passage entering external packing as content; Second effect is as the connecting pipeline of tensimeter 5 with the content in external packing.
Embodiment four
The basis of the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention three provides is improved, the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention four provides also comprises the first remote interface (not shown), first remote interface (not shown) is arranged on tensimeter 5, and the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by the first remote interface (not shown) by tensimeter 5.In the present embodiment, terminal device is PC and/or mobile phone, in practice, can also select single-chip microcomputer.In this case, staff on this evenly load mechanism side, can learn by this terminal device the pressure data values that tensimeter 5 detects without the need on duty.
In this case, usually need this terminal device to be provided with pressure data receiver, in practice, pressure data receiver can be hardware unit or virtual module.When pressure data receiver is hardware unit, need to transform terminal device itself, namely need to set up corresponding components and parts on the circuit board of this terminal device; When pressure data receiver is virtual module, only need to write corresponding program changing on terminal device, without the need to setting up corresponding components and parts on the circuit board of this terminal device, now, more convenient to operate in order to make, an APP can be loaded, as the virtual module for receiving pressure data on this terminal device.
Embodiment five
Different from the embodiment of the present invention three, the implementation that the second of the evenly load mechanism provided as the embodiment of the present invention two is concrete, in the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention five provides, pressure detection agency is pressure transducer, wireless communication interface, pressure transducer is included in external packing, wireless communication interface is arranged on pressure transducer, and the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by wireless communication interface by pressure transducer.In this case, because pressure transducer is directly installed in external packing, without the need to connecting for connecting pipe 6 in this external packing upper shed, also without the need to offering through hole 7 on dull and stereotyped 1, therefore, the structure of the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention five is provided is simpler, difference is, in the embodiment of the present invention five, the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by the best employing wireless communication interface of pressure transducer, when the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by wired communication interface by pressure transducer, need perforate in external packing, pass for data line, joint between data line and external packing, easily cause content leaks.And then affect the test accuracy of the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention five provides.
In the present embodiment, by content, the step be full of in external packing comprises the following steps: be full of in external packing by content.
Embodiment six
In the embodiment of the present invention three ~ five arbitrary evenly load mechanism provided basis on improve, the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention six provides also comprises displacement transducer, the displacement of displacement transducer for detecting dull and stereotyped 1.In the present embodiment, also comprise the second remote interface, displacement data is sent to terminal device by the second remote interface by displacement transducer.In this case, without the need to manual measurement, the displacement data of this flat board 1 can be learnt, when the displacement transducer selected is precise displacement sensor, even if the displacement of dull and stereotyped 1 is very little, also can be measured exactly.In this case, need to be provided with displacement data receiver on the terminal device, displacement data receiver is hardware unit or virtual module.When displacement data receiver is hardware unit, need to transform terminal device itself, namely need to set up corresponding components and parts on the circuit board of this terminal device; When displacement data receiver is virtual module, only need to write corresponding program on this terminal device, without the need to setting up corresponding components and parts on the circuit board of this terminal device, now, more convenient to operate in order to make, an APP can be loaded, as the virtual module for receiving displacement data changing on terminal device.In the present embodiment, this APP is also for calculating the deflection of external packing, and the operational formula of deflection is Δ V=S × Δ d, wherein, and the area of the xsect of Δ V-external packing deflection, S-flat board, the displacement of Δ d-flat board.In this case, without the need to artificial calculating, can obtain the deflection of external packing, in this case, this APP can also according to V
x=V
0-Δ V (wherein, V
xvolume, V after-external packing distortion
0the initial volume of-external packing), obtain external packing volume after deformation, and then, when the virgin pressure of this content is known, according to Clapyron Equation PV=nRT, by calculating external packing pressure data after deformation, in the present embodiment, this computation process also can be completed by this APP, therefore, in the evenly load mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention six provides, without the need to setting up tensimeter or pressure transducer.
Embodiment seven
Three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention comprises evenly load mechanism provided by the invention, and carrier 3 directly contacts the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test.
Three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention applies evenly load mechanism provided by the invention, when directly contacting the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test by carrier 3, the load that the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test is subject to is evenly load.
Embodiment eight
See accompanying drawing 9, the embodiment of the present invention eight three-dimensional slope model test load method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: evenly load mechanism arbitrary in the assembling embodiment of the present invention one ~ seven;
Step 2: make the carrier 3 of evenly load mechanism directly contact the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test;
Step 3: by forcing unit to dull and stereotyped load application;
Step 4 is according to the form be applied to after the deflection at loading position of load test three-dimensional slope model test at loading position of three-dimensional slope model test, stress, destruction.
Three-dimensional slope model test load method provided by the invention realizes based on three-dimensional slope model test load means provided by the invention, when directly contacting the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test by carrier 3, the load that the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test is subject to is evenly load, form after the deflection at the loading position obtained after test, stress, destruction, closer to reality scene, can provide theoretical foundation more accurately for relevant engineering design.
Embodiment nine
The basis of the three-dimensional slope model test load method provided in the embodiment of the present invention eight is improved, in the three-dimensional slope model test load method that the embodiment of the present invention nine provides, evenly load mechanism is evenly load mechanism arbitrary in the embodiment of the present invention two ~ six, and three-dimensional slope model test load method also comprises the step be full of by content in external packing.
Carrier 3 outwards load application time, this load can be subject to the shape restriction of bearing thing of carrier 3 and/or this load, the lug boss of carrier 3 can present the concentrated effect of stress, and after carrier is designed to flexible carrier, its shape can adapt with the shape of bearing thing of this load, thus avoid the stress caused by the shape of bearing thing of carrier 3 and/or this load to concentrate, still can reach the effect making load uniform.
Embodiment ten
The uniform flexible load device of three-dimensional slope model test, it comprises liquid capsule 11, lifting jack 12, side limit device 13, bearing plate 14, tensimeter 15, connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 and water 17 etc., bearing plate 14 is subject in the loading procedure of lifting jack 12, load is reached the liquid capsule 11 being full of water 17,11, liquid capsule directly contacts with the loading position (as slope is pushed up) in three-dimensional slope physical simulation experiment and realizes uniform flexible load, and directly can read load with the tensimeter 15 that liquid capsule 11 internal water 17 is directly communicated with.
The bladder arrangement that described liquid capsule 11 adopts elastomeric material to be made into, hollow, can fill liquid such as water 17 grade.Shape can apply position according to load and change, and has an interface to be connected with connecting pipe 16.
Described lifting jack 12, with bearing plate 14 with provide the device of counter-force to be connected, realizes the loading to bearing plate 14.
Described side limit device 13 adopts steel plate to be made into ring-type, and liquid capsule 11 can be placed in the inside, and effect is to prevent liquid capsule 11 to be squeezed out.
Described bearing plate 14 is made by steel plate, be placed in the limit device 13 of on liquid capsule 11 and side, can be connected with lifting jack 12 and realize load application on liquid capsule 11, bearing plate 14 stay the connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 that aperture is applicable between liquid capsule 11 and tensimeter 15.
Described tensimeter 15 is connected with liquid capsule 11, for reading liquid capsule 11 internal water pressure by connecting pipe (containing joint) 16.
Described connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 limits the preformed hole at device 13 top through bearing plate 14 and side, connecting fluid capsule 11 and tensimeter 15.
Use the basic process of this charger applying flexible load as follows:
1) liquid capsule 11 is placed: place liquid capsule 11, the placement top, position that will be connected with connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 on top, slope or other load application positions;
2) installation side limit device 13: limit side device 13 to place around liquid capsule 11, frame is lived liquid capsule 11 and is not extruded;
3) connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 and liquid capsule 11 are installed;
4) bearing plate 14 is installed: be placed in the limit device 13 of on liquid capsule 11 and side, by connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 from the preformed hole pull-out bearing plate 14, be convenient to be connected with tensimeter 15;
5) water 17 is full of by connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 by liquid capsule 11;
6) connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 and tensimeter 15 are installed: be connected with tensimeter 15 by connecting pipe (containing joint) 16;
7) load: on bearing plate 14, adopt lifting jack 12 load application.
The major advantage of the three-dimensional slope model test load means that the embodiment of the present invention ten provides has:
1) realize uniform flexible load to apply; 2) load reads conveniently; 3) structure is simple, is easy to processing; 4) easy and simple to handle, work efficiency is high.
The basic ideas of the three-dimensional slope model test load means that the embodiment of the present invention ten provides are: below the bearing plate 14 of load application, arrange flexible liquid capsule 11, realize loading uniform flexible load on top, slope.
The critical piece of apparatus of the present invention comprises liquid capsule 11, and (the inside is full of aqueous water 17, namely be loaded top, slope below liquid capsule), lifting jack 12 (is connected with bearing plate 14 below lifting jack, top is then connected with providing the device of counter-force), side limit device 13 (is made by steel plate, be extruded after liquid capsule 11 pressurized in loading procedure for preventing, also for preventing lifting jack 12 from tilting), bearing plate 14 (for reaching liquid capsule by from the stressed of lifting jack), tensimeter 15, connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 (connecting pipe two is connected with liquid capsule 11 and tensimeter 15), aqueous water 17.
This device is used to load the basic process of pushing up on slope as follows:
1) associated components is assembled
First, liquid capsule 11 is positioned over the top, slope needing to load, connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 is connected with liquid capsule 11; Then, place bearing plate 14 on liquid capsule 1, connecting pipe 16 pulls out from bearing plate 14 reserved opening; Secondly, side limit device 13 is installed, and by the preformed hole pull-out of connecting pipe (containing joint) 16 from limit device 13 top, side, is connected immediately after liquid capsule 11 being full of water by connecting pipe 16 with tensimeter 15; Finally, lifting jack 12 is placed on bearing plate 14.
2) top, slope is loaded
Lifting jack 12 is connected with providing the device of counter-force, lifting jack 12 pairs of bearing plates 14 are used to load, power is reached liquid capsule 11 and aqueous water 17 after bearing plate 14 is stressed, push up directly contact on the downside of liquid capsule 17 with slope, top, slope then receives the evenly load that liquid capsule 11 transmits.In loading procedure, tensimeter 15 can show load size.
In loading procedure, distortion and the stress on suffered flanging slope can be tested, and the form etc. after destroying.
Although describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art once obtain the basic creative concept of cicada, then can make other change and amendment to these embodiments.So claims are intended to be interpreted as comprising preferred embodiment and falling into all changes and the amendment of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (10)
1. an evenly load mechanism, is characterized in that, comprises flat board, forcing unit, and described forcing unit is for applying the acting force of application point on described flat board, and described flat board directly contacts the carrier of described acting force;
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises container, and described container has sidewall, and described flat board has thickness, and the interior cross sectional shape of described container is identical with the shape of cross section of described flat board, and the inwall of described flat board and described container forms sliding pair;
As preferably, the carrier of described acting force is flexible carrier, has accommodation space between the bottom surface of described flat board and described sidewall, and described flexible carrier is full of in described accommodation space.
2. evenly load mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flexible carrier comprises external packing and content, and described content is gas or liquid, and described external packing is made up of flexible material, and described content is full of in described external packing;
As preferably, described evenly load device also comprises apparatus for detecting pressure, and described apparatus for detecting pressure is for detecting the pressure of described content.
3. evenly load mechanism according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described apparatus for detecting pressure is tensimeter, and described connecting pipe is fixedly connected on described external packing, described external packing is in communication with the outside by described connecting pipe, and described tensimeter is removably connected to described connecting pipe;
As preferably, between described tensimeter and described connecting pipe, form screw thread pair, or described tensimeter is connected to described connecting pipe by a buckle structure;
As preferably, described flat board is provided with through hole, and described connecting pipe is through described through hole;
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises the first remote interface, and described first remote interface is arranged on described tensimeter, and the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by described first remote interface by described tensimeter.
4. evenly load mechanism according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described pressure detection agency is pressure transducer, wireless communication interface, described pressure transducer is included in described external packing, described wireless communication interface is arranged on described pressure transducer, and the pressure data detected is sent to terminal device by described wireless communication interface by described pressure transducer.
5. the evenly load mechanism according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, it is several that described terminal device is selected from PC, mobile phone, single-chip microcomputer;
As preferably, described terminal device is provided with pressure data receiver;
As preferably, described pressure data receiver is hardware unit or virtual module;
As preferably, described virtual module is APP.
6. the evenly load mechanism according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, also comprise displacement transducer, and institute's displacement sensors is for detecting the displacement of described flat board;
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism also comprises the second remote interface, and described displacement data is sent to described terminal device by described second remote interface by institute's displacement sensors;
As preferably, described terminal device is provided with displacement data receiver;
As preferably, described displacement data receiver is hardware unit or virtual module;
As preferably, described virtual module is APP, and described APP is also for calculating the deflection of described external packing, and the operational formula of described deflection is Δ V=S × Δ d, wherein, and the area of the xsect of Δ V-external packing deflection, S-flat board, the displacement of Δ d-flat board.
7. evenly load mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described external packing is made up of rubber or plastics.
8. a three-dimensional slope model test load means, is characterized in that, comprise arbitrary described evenly load mechanism in claim 1 ~ 7, described carrier directly contacts the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test.
9. a three-dimensional slope model test load method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Arbitrary described evenly load mechanism in assembling claim 1 ~ 7;
The carrier of described evenly load mechanism is made directly to contact the loading position of three-dimensional slope model test;
By described forcing unit to described dull and stereotyped load application;
According to the form be applied to after the deflection at loading position of load test three-dimensional slope model test at loading position of three-dimensional slope model test, stress, destruction.
10. three-dimensional slope model test load method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described evenly load mechanism is arbitrary described evenly load mechanism in claim 2 ~ 7, and described three-dimensional slope model test load method also comprises the step be full of by described content in described external packing;
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism is evenly load mechanism according to claim 3, the step that described content is full of in described external packing is comprised the following steps:
By described connecting pipe, described content is full of to described external packing;
Described tensimeter is installed on described connecting pipe;
As preferably, described evenly load mechanism is evenly load mechanism according to claim 4, the step that described content is full of in described external packing is comprised the following steps:
Described content is full of in described external packing.
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