CN1052390C - 烟制品的部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
烟制品的部件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开的是一种用于香烟之类烟制品中的新型燃料单元、制造该燃料单元的新方法以及装有该新型燃料单元的香烟或其它烟制品。烟制品的燃料单元通过以下方法制造;连续地将一种组合物挤压成预定的形状;用一材料层包裹连续挤出的组合物以构成一包裹的杆或复合部件,且最好使燃料单元与该材料层相粘结;以及将形成的复合部件切割成预定的长度以便用来组装烟制品。
Description
本发明涉及香烟之类的烟制品,特别涉及这类烟制品的燃料部件、使用本发明制得的燃料部件的香烟之类的烟制品以及制造这种部件和烟制品的方法和装置。
香烟、雪茄和烟斗是常见的烟制品。多年来,已有许多烟产品和烟制品作为这些常见形式烟制品的改进或代用品被提出来。改进的烟制品的例子是美国专利4,793,365;4,771,795;4,756,318;4,714,082及4,708,151所描述的香烟和烟斗,它通常包含一燃料单元,一实体上隔开的烟雾发生装置,以及一单独的嘴端段。
在欧州公开专利0174645(A2)和0212234(A2)中,(它公开的内容通过引用而归并于本申请),公开了许多其它形式的烟制品,它们一般含有(1)一包含用来产生传输到烟雾形成材料的热量的燃料单元的烟雾发生筒,该烟雾形成材料包含发出草香味的材料;(2)包围该筒的外套或外壳,该外套最好包括一种围绕燃料单元的绝热材料和一种围绕烟雾形成材料的含烟草材料,或者,另外一种形式,是包括围绕整个烟雾发生筒的绝热材料;以及可选择的(3)包含一过滤单元的烟嘴段。一般地,烟雾发生筒包括一装有烟雾发生材料、并在一端有燃料单元的筒壳。
在授予White等的美国专利5,129,123中,公开了一种挤压制造的香烟,其中,一含碳的物质被挤压出而围绕在一经过包覆的烟雾发生物质外面,使含碳物质和烟雾发生物质一起沿着纵向延伸,它们之间存在一层阻挡层。另外一种方式是,烟雾发生物质包围含碳的材料,而它们之间有一阻挡层。
在本发明之前,在制造利用带有单独烟雾发生装置的含碳的燃料单元的香烟和其它烟制品时,通常需要首先单独形成含碳的燃料单元,然后将形成的燃料单元以正确的方向***香烟结构中。该燃料单元一般通过这样形成:即制成碳或含碳物质的含水糊料,通过一具有所需的截面形状的压模将它挤出,将该挤出的糊状物固化成一可自己支持的含碳的柱形物,以及将固化的挤出物切成所需长度的燃料单元。
将这种燃料单元插进香烟或其它烟制品中一直是一复杂的过程,它要求排好燃料单元的方向,将已排好方向的燃料单元送到一装置,该装置将燃料单元与实体上相隔的烟雾发生装置组合起来,一般是将已排好方向的燃料单元插进一中空的金属管的开口端,该管包含载有一种烟雾形成物质的基质。组合好的燃料/烟雾发生器通常也得被定向,然后被送到一***装置并***进香烟结构的其余部分中。参见,例如,美国专利4,893,637,它描述了制造烟制品部件的装置和方法。所述的制造有一可移去支持部分的外壳或外套部件的方法,是用一新型的成形装置以便于高速生产的连续方式将一种可压缩和弹性的材料围绕在支持部件外面(支持部件通常是中空的管)。在去除可去除的支持部件的同时将燃料单元/烟雾发生物质***外壳或外套,就制得烟制品。
本发明的目的是提供一种连续形成一燃料部件的方法,该燃料部件用于例如象香烟那样的烟制品,它包括围住挤压成形的燃料组合物的外壳或外套。
本发明进一步提供一新型燃料部件和制造这种燃料部件的装置。
根据本发明,形成烟制品的燃料部件的方法是:连续地将一组合物挤压形成预定的形状,用一层材料包围该连续挤出的组合物以便形成一包裹的杆或复合部件(最好将燃烧单元与该材料层粘结在一起),以及将形成的复合部件切成预定的长度以组装成烟制品。最好,包围该燃料单元的材料层可保持燃烧部件中的燃料单元。该保持层最好由可压缩的弹性材料构成,如纤维质的绝热材料。该包围材料能有利地包括若干层,例如,一绝热材料层,如玻璃纤维;包含烟用香料源的材料层,如烟草或烟草纸,或其它包括烟草提取物或香料剂的材料。如果需要,任一其它层可被另一绝热层所包围。为了方便处理和限定一外表面直径,最好该包围层由纸或其它合适材料复盖。例如,可用各种类型的香烟纸在切割步骤之前来连续复盖该包围层。
在本发明之前,由于许多原因,认为直接将一燃料单元挤压成燃烧部件不实用。一个原因是,燃烧组合物被挤出后,结构完整性很差,因而不可能承受制造过程中所需的严格条件。另一个问题是挤压方法本身引起的。由于混合物、通过压模的材料的流变性质、以及其它因素的变化,挤压器的输出率是变化的。然而,用来组装烟制品燃料部件的机器要求有不变的材料供应以得到恒定的输出。其它问题包括制成的部件的结构完整性,一将直线形燃烧物质挤压入包围层内被认为有一脱落的问题。换言之,在点燃之前或之后,燃烧单元本身可能脱离包围层。
现已发现,可用有效的制造方法直接挤压燃料单元和制造燃料部件,并提供一其中燃料单元与包围它的保持材料层粘结在一起从而克服了脱落问题的燃料部件。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中,形成的部件包括一长形的挤压燃料单元,该燃料单元由一保持层包围并与它粘结在一起,该保持层最好由可压缩的弹性材料构成,且该保持层由一纸质包裹材料或类似的材料包围。这里所用的“粘结”和“粘合”是指保持层中的材料与挤压的燃料单元的外表面粘结或粘合的方式,它必须有一部分保持材料、燃料单元或产生粘合或粘结作用的材料发生破裂或断裂才能使保持材料与压出物分离开来。
在某些较佳实施例中,挤出的燃料单元包括一用作燃料的含碳物质,最好包括由碳、粘合剂和水构成的糊状物,它可带或不带有其它芳香剂或材料,压出物随后被干燥形成燃料单元。
在某些较佳实施例中,燃料单元也包括烟草或一种烟草味或其它香味的香料源。例如,燃料单元可包含重量达20%的烟草,较好为5%到15%,以使制成的烟制品中带有烟草的烟味。
可压缩的弹性保持层最好是一种纤维质的网状材料,其宽度足以包住挤出的组合物,而其厚度足以使燃料部件具有所需的外直径。
在一些较佳实施例中,用了多种弹性材料。特别好的是这些实施例,它们的燃料单元中一绝热层,如玻璃纤维包围,且接着由一层烟草纸包围,接着又由另一层玻璃纤维包围。
最好,包裹后的杆进一步由一纸状的外包裹材料所包围,以形成一复合部件从而使燃料部件具有预定的外直径。
有许多因素帮助了本发明的成功,本发明的一个较佳的方面是控制被挤压成燃料单元的含碳浆料的含水量。已经发现,含碳浆料的含水量的重量百分比应该保持在20%到45%,较好的是34%到40%,它取决于挤压的环境和燃料单元的成份,这样才能使浆料具有能进行挤压的流变特性,而且能如下所述对压出物处理,从而产生有凝聚力的燃料单元。
为得到最佳的挤出率而应保持的水含量范围,在一定程度上取决于形成压出物的挤压机和压模的出口温度。例如,活塞型的挤压机,尽管不连续挤压,但它能以一较低的温度挤压,于是可在燃料组合物中采用较低湿度含量。然而,连续螺杆型挤压机会产生较高温度例如50-80℃的挤出物。在这种情况,当挤出物从压模中压出时,许多水分从燃料组合物中闪蒸掉。这种蒸发可引起压出物的冷却,但是,所得的压出物可能含水量太少以致不能在制造过程中进一步处理。这样,在这种情况就应当用较高的初始水含量。
本发明的另一个较佳的方面是利用挤压机的压出物实际产出率去控制用材料层包围挤出的燃料单元的机器的速度。最好在压出物离开挤压机后,将它连接于一速率测量装置。并用由此测得的速率去控制包裹装置的速度。这种方法有助于补偿传递的速度变化,这种变化有时在挤压机的输出中会碰到。
另一种补偿挤压机的输出变化的方法,是在挤压机和包裹装置之间的供给线上设置一延滞回路。该延滞回路的几何形状和尺寸应足以补偿挤压机供应的正常变化,并避免在挤出物供给线上有急剧的弯曲,以防止挤出物裂开或折断。最好,同时采用对包裹装置的控制和延滞回路以稳定输送给包裹装置的挤出物供给率。
本发明在制造过程最好采用的另一方面是利用一气垫层(airfoil)来支持在挤压机和包裹装置之间传输过程中的挤出物。该气垫层是一支持装置,通过该装置,在挤压机与包裹装置之间移动的挤出物至少部分空气气流支持,而不是由机械接触来支持。这种支持对于防止产生不均匀,机械性能有缺陷的燃料单元是很重要的。该气垫层在将压出物输送至包裹装置时,也起到稍稍使它们冷却和干燥的作用。
在本发明的成功中起重要作用的因素是一燃料单元与包围材料相粘结的方法。最好,包围材料在包裹燃料单元之前先用一种能引起粘结的材料处理。例如,在玻璃纤维包围材料的情况下,玻璃纤维包围层及含碳燃料单元间的粘结可通过再激活果胶粘合剂来得到,市售的玻璃纤维材料中通常都含有少量的果胶粘合剂。最好,该玻璃纤维材料在包裹挤出物之前用少量的水湿润。最好玻璃纤维是在与挤出物相接触前的上游足够远的地方用少量水湿润,以使果胶有机会被加入的水份湿润和激活。该方法加入的水份很少,最好刚刚足够去激活果胶以使燃料单元粘在燃料部件中。通常,加入的水的量是最后的燃料单元的重量的1-2%。该水可由一小孔管加入,最好是一18-20微米的开口的管。也可采用一分散器滚筒,以便施加到弹性材料上的水被分散到将与燃料单元的外表面接触玻璃纤维垫的至少一部分面积上。
玻璃纤维垫或其它包围材料最好采用美国专利4,893,637所提供的,该专利描述了一漏斗或喇叭形的成形装置,该装置有弯曲的表面,引导纤维网的边沿去环绕燃料单元。如果要使用一种以上的纤维网,可用多个成形装置来形成围绕燃料单元的每一层。然而,根据那篇专利,该种网状材料能使用一台成形装置同时形成。例如,为了制成上述具有三明治型结构的燃料单元,(即采用中间夹有一层烟草纸的两层玻璃纤维),烟草纸层可与一层或另一层玻璃纤维同时送入同一台成形装置。在那种情况下,形成装置同时引导玻璃纤维和烟草纸两者的边沿使这两层材料包围燃料单元。
制造燃料部件的最后步骤是:用香烟纸或其它合适的纸包裹该部件;将纸密封以便该部件联在一起;以及将它切断成所需长度。最好,这些工作全部在同一台设备上做,并且有许多能完成这些任务的机器可在市场上购得。目前较好的型号是KDF-2,它是由Hamburg(Germary)的Hauni制造的香烟过滤嘴制造机器。特别理想的是KDF-2机器的速度由挤压机吐出的挤出物的线性速度来控制,正如上面所述的那样。
毫无疑问,从本发明得到的最大好处是速度的生产率,在已有的方法中,挤出物得通过一长串干燥装置,如气垫层装置,为了干燥燃料材料段以便处理和储藏。然后将各燃料段聚集起来,放到托盘上,接着装到输送机上以便以适当的方向将燃料单元送到***机中。正如1988年8月公开的美国专利4,782,644所描述的那样。
为种新方法可用来生产倍尺的燃料单元,然后就能用常用的香烟制造技术与烟制品的其它部分相联接。当KDF-2以全速工作,它每分钟能处理400线性米长的挤出物。如果切成4倍长或更长,那么该方法每分钟能产生数千只燃料部件。
气垫层的基本目的是使压出物在挤压机和包裹/切割装置之间输送时的接触最少,而不是作为干燥挤出物的装置。采用本发明的的直接注入方法,当燃料单元被置于燃料部件中时,它实质上仍然有高的含水量,例如,大约28%到30%。干燥主要发生在燃料单元处在燃料部件内的时候,其最终湿度大约2%到10%,最好是约4%到6%。因此,大多数干燥设备以及托盘、处理机,输送机,***机,实际上整个***过程都可省去。
不仅加工过程及必需的设备和处理步骤可减少,而且得到的产品的质量也显著地改进了。燃料单元与包围材料粘合在一起,可以有效地防止燃料单元的脱落。处理步骤的减少则意味着燃烧单元较少受到冲撞、刮削、破裂和错误处理,从而使产品的总体质量有显著的改进,以及显著地减少报废率。
而且,与***方法的结果相比,燃料单元的燃料部件中间的位置更一致。这样,最后的烟制品就能做得更一致,使得吸烟者不会碰到想点燃香烟而燃料单元已在***过程中消失在香烟中的困难。
最好,本发明的燃料单元与一空间上相隔开的烟雾发生装置连在一起使用,该发生装置包括载有烟雾形成材料的基质。最好,该烟雾发生装置沿纵向与燃料单元相邻。最好与燃料单元隔开1到10mm,以便减少导火(wicking)。较好的基质是纸基质。
用有本发明的燃料单元的香烟之类的烟制品最好在香烟近嘴端进一步采用一烟嘴段,以便将香烟产生的烟雾输送给吸烟者。较好的烟嘴段包括设置在烟雾发生器的下游的一段卷好的烟草纸;并在香烟的近嘴端有一低效过滤嘴例如聚丙烯过滤嘴设置在烟草纸柱的下游。
吸烟时,在利用本发明的部件的香烟中,来自点燃的燃料单元的热量很快传到烟雾发生装置,并且这热量引起烟雾形成材料的挥发,接着,它通过烟制品的烟嘴段给使用者产生“象烟一样的”烟雾。
除了前述的优点,本发明的一些较佳的部件能提供化学结构较简单的,基本上由空气,碳的氧化物,水,包括所需的香料或其它挥发性材料的烟雾形成剂以及少量的其它材料组成的烟。
其它较佳的实施例在燃烧组合物中掺有一定数量的烟草,和/或在包围燃料单元和/或包围烟雾发生剂的绝热层中包含某种形式的烟草,例如,切丝填料,烟草纸,烟草提取物等。这种烟制品使烟带有改进的芳香。
由本发明的较佳的香烟产生的WTPM用Ames测试法测试时,最好只有很少的或没有可测活性,即,由本发明的较佳的香烟所产生的WTPM和暴露于这种产品的标准测试微生物中所发生的回复变异(revertants)数目之间最好很少有或没有明显的剂量响应关系。根据Ames测试的支持者的意见,明显的与剂量有关的响应表示测试的产品中存在的致变物。参见Ames等的Muf.Res.,31:347-364(1975);Nagao等的Mut.Res.,42:335(1977)。
在本文中且仅为了本申请叙述的方便,“烟雾”被定义为蒸气,气体,微粒或其它类似的东西,包括看得见和看不见的,特别是那些由点燃的燃料单元的热量作用于包含在烟雾发生装置或烟制品其它地方的物质而产生的,吸烟者看来象烟那样的组份。在这样的定义下,术语“烟雾”也包括挥发的芳香料和/或其它挥发剂,不管它们是否产生可见的烟雾。
这里所用的“含碳的”的是指在燃料单元或用来制造它的糊状物中,其固体材料含量中至少有约50%的碳。
图1是根据本发明的技术制成的烟制品的燃料部件的一个实施例的纵截面图。
图2是图1的实施例的端面图。
图3是利用如图1和图2所述的燃料部件的香烟的一个实施例的纵截面图。
图4是本发明的制造烟制品部件的装置的一个实施例的示意图。
图5是本发明的制造烟制品部件的装置的另一个实施例的示意图。
图6是图4所示的装置使用的较佳喷洒***的示意图。
根据本发明,烟制品的燃料部件能使用连续的过程来制造。参照附图,特别是图1,每一燃料部件10包括挤压成形的部分12,该部分12被保持材料15包围并与该保持材料15粘结,并且最好由一层纸状外包裹物18所包裹。该部件通常的直径为7-8mm,其长度取决于烟制品的燃料单元所要求的发热特性。该长度也最好这样选择,使得在燃料单元熄灭后,仍保留有一部分燃料单元与保持层粘结在一起。燃料单元也可制成其它直径和结构。
在本发明的实施例中,使用由含碳燃烧材料构成的挤压组合物12作为燃料单元。该燃烧材料通常在400℃-900℃,最好是550℃-750℃的非氧化气氛中通过热解纤维状的纤维素物质而制得。热解后的物质被斩成短的纤维长度,并与粘合剂,水和其它合适材料混合,例如,为了获得最佳点燃和阴燃特性可加入碳酸钠或其它钠的化合物;为了修整烟产物可加入天冬酰胺;为了产生香味可加入某种形式的烟草;或其它合适材料;然后挤压成所需的形状。燃料中含钠量的控制及天冬酰胺的使用被描述在Riggs等的美国专利5,178,167中,该专利所公开的内容通过引用而归并在本申请中。
燃料的结构和成分将取决于燃料单元用在烟制品中所要求具有的特征。例如,燃料单元可由一混合物制成,该混合物包含重量占90%的碳化牛皮纸硬木纸浆(磨成粒子平均尺寸为12微米),以及10%的Kelco HV藻酸铵粘合剂。这种碳粉末和粘合剂的混合物最好与适当浓度的碳酸钠的水溶液混合以便构成挤压混合物,再从该挤压混合物制成燃料单元的最后形状,它含有约2000~20000ppm的钠,(用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)测得)。可用30%左右的重量比的Na2CO3溶液来代替部分或全部的水加到该混合物中,以便形成各种挤压混合物。
其它合适的含碳材料是椰壳碳,例如可从卡根碳公司(Calgon.Carbon Corporafion,Piffsbnrgh,PA)购得的称为PCB的PXC碳以及象LotB-11030-CAC-5,Lot B-11250-CAC-115和Lot 089-A12-CAC-45等实验用碳。
硬木纸浆碳可通过例如在氮气层下碳化不含滑石品级的GrandPrairie Canaolian Kraft硬木纸而制得,温度应逐级增加以充分减少纸的氧化,最后的碳化温度至少为750℃。得到的碳材料在氮气下冷却到低于35℃,然后磨成粒子平均直径大约为12微米的粉末(该尺寸通过一Microtrac来测量)。
燃料混合物通过一压模挤压,该压模可使燃料单元具有所需的截面形状。例如,正如图1-3所显示的那样,挤压后的燃料柱在圆周上有六个等距分布的槽沟或凹槽,每一槽沟或凹槽的深度约为0.03英吋(0.76mm),宽度约为0.024英吋(0.61mm)。最好凹槽的内表面是象图示的圆形的,以提高结构的完整性。
如上所述,燃料单元被保持层保持在本发明的燃料部件内,最好,保持装置包围整个燃烧单元的纵向表面。该保持层也可延伸到燃料单元的任一端或两端之外,从而有效地使燃料单元凹入内部,使它与香烟的其它部件分隔开来。较佳保持装置的弹性可允许它部分伸展到燃料单元外表面的任一凹槽内。该较佳保持装置也有助于保持热量和限制径向空气的数量,否则在使用时这些空气就会流到燃料单元。该较佳的保持装置这样就起着绝热部件的作用。
保持材料可以包括玻璃纤维(例如,Owens-Corning公司的“C”玻璃)。烟草填料/玻璃纤维混合物,聚集或撕碎的烟草纸,聚集或撕碎的碳纸,烟草切丝填料之类的物质。
如图3所示,使用本发明的较佳燃料部件的一般香烟型烟制品包括燃料部件10,它沿纵向邻接一烟雾发生装置20。所述的烟雾发生装置包括一含有烟雾形成材料,例如,甘油的基质21以及一包覆层22,例如一层防护纸。烟雾发生装置20能方便地由一硬纸或其它合适材料的复盖层或管23包围。该烟雾发生装置被设置在管23内,与其两端相隔一定距离。根据基质21的长度,一空洞或空间26可设在基质和烟嘴段30的前端之间。如果需要的话,那个空间可含有烟草,如切丝填料或烟草纸。最好,烟雾发生装置和燃料部件可通过另一纸复盖层25相互联接起来,这复盖层可与燃料单元的点燃端相隔一定距离。基质21和燃料单元12最好由一空间24隔开,这样可帮助避免烟雾形成材料散逸和基质的过热。
该香烟进一步包括烟嘴段30,它包括一卷烟草纸或其它合适材料31,并与一例如由聚丙烯或其它合适材料构成的低效过滤嘴35相联结。
为了便于处理,烟草纸卷31和过滤嘴35可分别由纸32和36覆裹,并且这两部件可再用覆盖层33接合起来。
最好,烟嘴段30由另一纸质覆裹层37与香烟的前端相连接,如图3所示。
一较佳的烟雾发生装置包括烟雾形成材料(例如,甘油),某种形式的烟草(例如,烟草粉末,烟草提取物或烟草碎末)和其它烟雾形成材料和/或烟草香料剂,例如可可,甘草和糖类。烟雾形成材料一般承载在一种基质上,例如聚集的纸,聚集的烟草纸,或另一种形式的基质。在本发明的烟制品中,烟草材料可包围燃料单元,基质和/或使用在其它地方。
基质最好是整体式的基质。当该基质是一纸类材料时,那么这种基质最好设置成与燃烧单元分隔开来。采用分隔关系是希望能减少燃烧单元和基质之间的接触,由此防止烟雾形成材料移向燃料单元以及限制纸质基质烧焦或燃烧。分隔空间24可利用燃料单元深入地放在隔热和保持装置中这一特点来提供,或通过制造时在燃料单元和基质之间制成一物理空间(例如一间隙)来形成。
烟嘴段30是用来将烟雾送至吸烟者的口中。一般地,烟嘴段大体为管状,且包含烟草材料(例如,聚集烟草的柱形体)以及一过滤单元。
一合适的燃料组合物包括重量比为约60%到90%的碳;约1%到20%的合适的粘合剂;1%到5%左右的释氨化合物;以及使用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测得浓度为2000~20000ppm左右的钠。在燃料组合物燃烧的情况下能释放氨的化合物包括象尿素、无机或有机盐(例如,碳酸铵,藻酸铵,或一代、二代或三代磷酸铵);氨基糖〔例如,脯氨酸果糖(Prolino fruc-tose)或冬天酰胺果糖(asparagine fructose)〕;氨基酸,特别是α-氨基酸(例如,谷氨酰胺,甘氨酸,天冬酰胺,脯氨酸,丙氨酸,胱氨酸,天冬氨酸,苯基丙氨酸或谷氨酸);二肽或三肽;季铵化合物;等等。这些燃料组合物已被详细描述在Riggs等的美国专利5,178,167中,它公开的内容通过引用而归并在本申请中。
参见图4,湿的混合物可由一活塞挤压机50,例如HydrametAmerican Inc.的HET-120A挤压机挤压。从压模挤出的混合物12是一具有所需的截面形状的连续挤出物,并且被量于一气垫传送机52上。然后该挤出物12与一转轮53接触,该转轮53可以是一转速计,以便测量挤出物流的速度,该速度可用来控制包裹装置60(例如改型的KDF-2)的速度。通常,该挤出物在速度计转轮53和惰轮54之间形成一迟缓或迟延的回路55,以便适当装置的各部件,最主要是挤压机50和KDF-260之间的速度变化。保持材料58就是用来包围该挤出物的一层物质。最好,在该保持层包围这些燃料单元之前,给它提供一种能帮助它与燃料单元的外表面粘结的材料。在保持层是含有例如3%到5%左右的重量的果胶的玻璃纤维的情况下,可用水至少喷洒玻璃纤维垫的一部分表面来产生粘合作用胶联,喷洒应在包裹燃烧单元之前充分远的地方进行,以使玻璃纤维中的果胶激活而与燃料单元粘结。
较佳的气垫传动机52是一具有许多构成某种图案的小孔的槽,它连接于提供低压空气的压力通风***,以便当挤出物在挤压机挤出后以及当它移动去进入KDF-2机器与网状材料合并或组合的途中用空气支承该挤出物。气垫传送机可以中断,例如使用惰轮去形成一挤出物曲线55,以使KDF-2和挤压机的速度变化不致折断挤出物。
包裹装置60最好是市售的过滤嘴制造机器,例如可从Hauniof Hamburg的购得的称为KDF-2的机器。包裹装置既将被保持材料包围的燃料单元包裹在纸质复盖层内,又将复合部件切成预定的长度。
本发明的制造燃料部件的装置的另一较佳实施例如图5所示。如图所示,使用一混料挤压机,例如双螺杆混料挤压机80将混合料挤压成所需的形状。该类型的适用的挤压机是Baker-Perkins的MP-50-35 DE XLT型挤压机;最好配备包含一系列正向螺纹部分,叶轮部分和供料螺纹部分的螺杆。
挤出物12在从挤压机压出后,就与一速度计轮81接触,该轮的周界线性速度可精确地由合适的装置测量。例如,速度计轮的旋转速度可由一光敏器件(未示出)测出,该光敏器件用来对与速度计轮81相啮合的齿轮的牙齿进行计数。来自速度传感器的信号由一控制装置82传送到控制包裹和切割装置100的速度的控制器。
挤出物12离开轮81后,它落到一滞后或延缓曲线回路83上,这回路可有助于补偿挤压机与包裹和切割装置的生产率之间的差别。
该挤出物然后进入气垫传动机84,从而被运送到台85,在那儿将纤维网材料90的保持层包围住燃料单元。例如,燃料单元可用Owens-Corning的C-玻璃纤维的弹性垫来包围。至于有关该材料特性的详细内容可参见题为“Chemical and Biological Studies OfNew Cigarette Proto types That Heat Instead of Burn Tobacco”,(R,J.Reynolds.Tabacco Co.(1988))的论文。
在包裹和切割装置100中,该玻璃纤维层本身由一纸包裹层包围,最好该纸是美国专利4,938,238所描述的纸,该专利公开的内容通过引用而归并在本申请中。
该部件可通过将挤出物和纤维网材料输送到例如配备有如美国专利4,893,637所描述的形成装置的Hauni KDF-2过滤嘴制造机器60中来制得。该复合部件在包裹装置中用美国专利4,938,238所述的纸或其它香烟包裹纸包裹。在包好包裹层18(见图2)并将它围绕弹性层15封好后,该复合部件的直径就固定下来了。在包裹装置横向设置一切割机,用来将包裹后的复合部件切断成便于进一步制造香烟的预定长度。通常,该长度是每一香烟所需的长度的倍数。例如,如果每一支香烟中所使用的部件长度为10mm,那么包裹后的复合部件的长度可以是,例如,40mm,即是燃料部件的4倍数,然后再将它切断并与相应的基质连结起来以便制成香烟的前端,该前端本身又与单个的烟嘴段连结以便制成一香烟。
正如图5所描述的那样,用来将保持材料或保持垫层与燃料单元的表面粘结的装置包括一能引起粘结的材料源91,将该材料输送到将要用来包裹挤出物的薄层的附近的导管92,以及将引起粘结的材料在进行包裹以前喷洒到薄层材料90的表面的小直径管93。施加引起粘结的材料的装置的位置,是取决于使用的引起粘结的材料的量以及所需的延迟时间,这时间应足以引起粘结作用从而使燃料单元和包围材料在它们所能得到的接触中粘结起来。
例如,在包含果胶的玻璃纤维垫情况下,引起粘结的材料是一种可激活果胶形成粘结的物质。较佳的引起粘结的材料是水。用来施加引起粘结的材料的装置的位置取决于上述垫层中的果胶含量,***的速度等,以便让玻璃纤维垫层在足够早的时间就被激活材料润湿,使它在围绕燃料单元的时候或之后很短一段时间,果胶或其粘合材料将已被激活。用于激活纤维网材料的水的量是很少的,它是燃料部件的重量的1%到3%左右。
图6是施加引起粘结的材料的适当装置的更详细的示意图。水或其它引起粘结的材料112被从源110中引出并通过一小直径管111喷洒到一扩散管或分散滚筒113上。分散滚筒113接触保持层的一部分表面,该保持层将在完成的燃料部件中与燃料单元的表面接触。如图所示,当保持层90被送到包裹装置的弯曲表面114时,滚筒设置成与它相接触,正如前面美国专利4,093,637所描述的那样。实际上,施加引起粘结的材料的位置如前所述由挤出物的速度和其它因素决定,以便有足够的引起粘结的材料被加到包围材料经过足够的时间,从而能产生适当的粘结。在玻璃纤维垫层的情况下,水被加到保持层并与它接触一足够的时间,以便允许果胶或其它引起粘结的材料激活。最好分散滚筒113的表面是滚花的,以便帮助引起粘结的材料分散开。
为了在挤出物和弹性层之间形成粘结,包含可用水激活的引起粘结材料的弹性层,最好正好在包围燃烧单元之前被湿润。最好,用水作为润湿剂,在材料层表面溶解或以其它方式激活引起粘结的材料,以便在水蒸发时使该材料层与挤出物的表面粘结。也可根据包围层的成分,粘合剂的成分以及挤出物的成分而采用其它适当的溶剂。也可在溶剂或润湿剂中或挤出物的表面上采用附加的粘合剂,以进一步促进粘合或粘结。例如,可将果胶或NaCMC溶于水中以在弹性层和挤出物之间促进或产生粘结作用。
在本发明的较佳的燃料部件中,燃料单元是一含碳材料,它至少包括重量约50%的碳元素。燃料部件一般至少有10mm左右的长度,最好至少12mm左右。燃料单元的最大长度最好为20mm左右,而其较佳长度是16mm左右或以下。最好燃料单元有相当长一段是露出的以便燃烧,并且燃料单元也有相当长一段设置在香烟中当香烟被吸时它不燃烧。这样可保证有相当长的燃料单元之间的粘结不受吸烟过程中产生的热量的影响。这样,对16mm长的燃料单元,最前面的6mm可露出以用于燃烧,而同时由于设有氧气阻碍层或散热单元使得在接近6mm的地方燃料会自动熄灭。这种香烟在抽吸时,预料会将燃料单元之间的粘结破坏到熄灭点之后不远处,例如离燃料单元最初点燃端8mm处。然而,在燃料单元与包围材料之间的粘结,例如在离该单元最初点燃端8mm到16mm之间的粘结将会保持,这样可基本上保证燃料单元不会脱落。
本发明的燃料单元可以挤压成许多种形状。
在本发明中,实际上适用于可压缩***性覆盖层15的材料,可以是任何一种能包围挤出物12以使燃料单元10有一圆柱形外表面的材料,且该表面最好在制造和使用时能呈现一些弹性。这种弹性材料最好在香烟使用的条件下是热稳定的。
有用的材料的例子包括玻璃或陶瓷纤维,烟草,合成橡胶组合物,聚集的纸网或其它类似的材料。
当烟草或包含烟草的纸用作弹性层时,烟草能释放烟雾或芳香,就象它在本发明中用作烟雾发生部件时那样。
最好,用来制造本发明的燃料部件中保持层的材料也是隔热材料。
在本文中,术语“隔热材料”适用于所有的基本上起绝热作用的材料。最好,这些材料在香烟使用时基本上不燃烧,但它们在使用时可以熔化,例如低温级的玻璃纤维材料。合适的绝热体的热导率应小于0.05,更好的是小于0.02,最好是小于0.005,其单位是g-Cal/(sec)(CM2)(℃/cm)。参见1969年的“Hach’s Chemical Dic-fornary”,34卷,第四版以及1973年的“Lange’s Handbook ofChemistry”,10,272-274页第11版。最好,隔离材料形成通常至少0.5mm,更好为1.0mm,厚度的隔热层15。包围燃料单元的隔离和/或保持材料的成分可以是不同的。这种材料最好是不会燃烧的物质或是能燃烧但不分解的物质。合适的材料的例子包括玻璃纤维或其它如White等的美国专利5,105,838,欧洲专利336,690以及R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Co(1988)的题为“Chemical and Biologi-cal Stndies of New Cigaratte Profotypes That Hent Instead ofBum Tobacco”的论文的48-52页所描述的材料。
燃料部件10最好由一层或一层以上的香烟纸18覆裹着。较佳的纸应在燃料单元点燃时不产生火焰。另外,该纸最好应有可控制的阴燃特性并且能产生灰色的象香烟那样的烟灰。
本发明已作了详细描述,其中包括较佳的实施例。然而,很明显,根据本发明公开的内容,本领域的技术人员可对提出下列权利要求的本发明作多种调整和/或改进。
Claims (18)
1.一种连续形成烟制品的燃料部件(10)的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(a)通过将可燃烧的组合物连续地挤压成具有预定形状的挤出物(12),形成最内层的部件;
(b)用一可压缩的、弹性的材料保持层(15,90)连续地包围连续挤压的组合物,以形成一复合部件,以及
(c)将所形成的复合部件切割成具有预定长度的燃料部件(10)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于可燃烧的组合物主要包括碳。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于在将复合部件切割成燃料部件之前,使保持层粘合到挤出物。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于进一步包括在切割步骤之前,包裹该复合部件以限定其外径。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于进一步包括在包围步骤之前湿润该挤出物。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述保持层包括玻璃纤维。
7.一种烟制品部件(10),其特征在于包括采用挤压成燃料部件(12)形式的最内层部件,其外表面由可压缩的弹性材料层(15,90)包围,该弹性材料层与燃料部件的纵向表面相粘合。
8.如权利要求7所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于进一步包括一包围该弹性层的外包裹层。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于挤压成的部件包括主要由碳组成的材料。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于它的长度为约12毫米至约16毫米。
11.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于该弹性层包括绝热材料。
12.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于该弹性层包括绝热部分。
13.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于该弹性层包括含果胶的玻璃纤维。
14.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于该弹性层包括纸的聚集网。
15.如权利要求14所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于所述纸为处理过的纸。
16.如权利要求14所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于所述网是压花的。
17.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于所述弹性层包括烟草或烟草产品。
18.如权利要求7或8所述的烟制品部件,其特征在于该烟制品部件为烟制品的一部分。
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-
1993
- 1993-03-03 CA CA002527939A patent/CA2527939C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-03 IL IL10493093A patent/IL104930A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-03 CA CA002466075A patent/CA2466075C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-03 CA CA002090918A patent/CA2090918C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-09 ZA ZA931675A patent/ZA931675B/xx unknown
- 1993-03-15 TW TW82101879A patent/TW235906B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 JP JP08024593A patent/JP3472591B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-17 MY MYPI93000468A patent/MY115774A/en unknown
- 1993-03-17 MX MX9301485A patent/MX9301485A/es unknown
- 1993-03-18 CZ CZ1993438A patent/CZ291345B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-19 AT AT93104516T patent/ATE180629T1/de active
- 1993-03-19 DK DK93104516T patent/DK0562474T3/da active
- 1993-03-19 EP EP93104516A patent/EP0562474B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-19 ES ES93104516T patent/ES2133338T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-19 DE DE69325121T patent/DE69325121T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-19 CO CO93379183A patent/CO4130167A1/es unknown
- 1993-03-20 EG EG17193A patent/EG19960A/xx active
- 1993-03-20 CN CN93103139A patent/CN1052390C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-22 RO RO93-00387A patent/RO110195B1/ro unknown
- 1993-03-22 SK SK229-93A patent/SK281464B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-22 BR BR9301251A patent/BR9301251A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-23 RU RU93005365A patent/RU2097997C1/ru active
- 1993-03-24 BG BG97577A patent/BG61211B1/bg unknown
- 1993-03-24 AU AU35501/93A patent/AU664733B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-03-24 HR HRP930490 patent/HRP930490B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-24 EC ECSP930918 patent/ECSP930918A/es unknown
- 1993-03-24 NO NO931087A patent/NO177882C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-24 KR KR1019930004759A patent/KR100269437B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-24 PL PL93298219A patent/PL171236B1/pl unknown
- 1993-03-24 HU HU9300856A patent/HU214253B/hu unknown
- 1993-03-25 FI FI931328A patent/FI97942C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-25 SI SI9300148A patent/SI9300148B/sl unknown
- 1993-04-14 UA UA93004688A patent/UA35570C2/uk unknown
-
1994
- 1994-09-15 US US08/306,929 patent/US5727571A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-08-02 GR GR990401992T patent/GR3030911T3/el unknown
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