CN105236631B - A kind of high salt process for treating industrial waste water based on many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode - Google Patents
A kind of high salt process for treating industrial waste water based on many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This patent is related to a kind of high salt process for treating industrial waste water based on many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode.High salt industrial wastewater is injected salt room by this method, while being passed through acid solution in the anode compartment, diluted acid is injected in sour room, diluted alkaline is injected in alkali room, corresponding bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry is generated in sour room 1 and alkali room 1 respectively after energization.Then the anions and canons of the high-salt wastewater in salt room 2 are respectively enterd in sour room 2 and alkali room 2, and corresponding acid, alkali are generated respectively.So as to remove the salinity in high-salt wastewater, acid, the alkali of generation can be recovered utilization, realizes the purpose of waste water salinity recycling.After desalination, the waste water in salt room 1 and salt room 2 is pumped into anode chamber, and hydrogen peroxide is added dropwise, is degraded and is flocculated, can discharged after sedimentation.Fenton technologies and Bipolar membrane water splitting are combined by the present invention, while desalination, reduce the COD of waste water, the corresponding acid of generation, alkali can be recovered utilization, so as to reduce processing cost.
Description
Technical field
This patent is related to a kind of processing technology field of industrial wastewater, and in particular to one kind is based on many diaphragm electrolysises of multi-electrode
The high salt process for treating industrial waste water of groove.
Background technology
With China's industrial expansion, the discharge capacity of industrial wastewater increasingly increases, wherein being greatly high salt industrial
Waste water.Such waste water often soluble inorganic salt containing higher concentration, such as Cl-, SO4 2-, Na+, Ca2+And difficult degradation or have
The organic matter of poison, and its yield is in the trend of sharp increase, it is such as untreated directly to discharge, it can cause many to ecological environment
Harm.High salt industrial wastewater mainly has 2 sources：1) seawater is directly used in the waste water discharged after industrial production and life,
As industrially, seawater has been used as boiler cooling water.And in urban life, seawater can substitute fresh water as flushing water,
The salt content of such waste water is generally 2.5 × 104~3.5×104Mg/L (mass concentration, similarly hereinafter)；2) some industrial trade productions
During the waste water that discharges, such as saponin waste water, petroleum production wastewater and printing and dyeing, papermaking, pharmacy, chemical industry, dairy produce processing and
The waste water of pesticide industry discharge, salt content is typically 15% ~ 25% or so.
High salt industrial wastewater has higher salinity, and inhibitory action toxic to microorganism can also cause activated sludge easy
It is lost in floating, biochemical treatment system is difficult to normal operation, so such waste water is difficult directly to be handled with bioanalysis.Mesh
Before, industrially, the main method of high salt Industrial Wastewater Treatment has：1）Handled using Efficient salt-tolerant bacterium;2) it is diluted with water
Discharge;3) incinerator burning disposal.Efficient salt-tolerant bacterium environmental suitability has certain limit, and culture is difficult, and operating condition is complicated,
General enterprises are difficult to, and can not desalination.Most of enterprise is using discharge is diluted with water, and this had both wasted a large amount of water
Resource（Clear water is become into waste water）, increase the discharge capacity of waste water, the salt amount in can not being discharged into environment from control in total amount again, it is clear that
It is the requirement for not meeting environmental protection.Burning disposal is carried out using incinerator, incineration temperature is up to 1100 DEG C or so, tail gas from incinerator palpus
Handled, salinity easily concentrates at furnace wall, need to be rinsed, the waste water salinity rinsed is high, still can not directly arrange
Put, also need processing.Whole complex disposal process, investment is big, and energy consumption greatly, requires high to equipment decay resistance.Therefore, high salt
The processing of industrial wastewater turns into Environmental Protection in China industry urgent need to solve the problem.
Membrane technology is widely used in the processing of the sewage such as plating, printing and dyeing, food, papermaking, process hides.It is double
Pole film（BPM）It is that a kind of novel ion exchanges composite membrane, is generally composited by anion exchange layer, cation exchange layer.
The dissociation that third layer material promotes water can be added between cavity block layer, anode membrane layer, anion exchange layer, cation exchange is formed
The three-decker that layer, intermediate reaction layer are constituted.In the presence of DC electric field, Bipolar Membrane can be by water decomposition, in anode membrane layer, the moon
Film layer both sides produce H respectively+And OH-.Quickly grown since being succeeded in developing from 1980s, the existing multiple Bipolar Membranes of foreign countries
Patent in terms of preparation.Because Bipolar Membrane has many advantages, such as simple to operate, efficiency high, disposal of pollutants are few, resource reclaim,
The numerous areas such as contamination control and Chemical Engineering are used widely.
Fenton technology is the collaboration treatment technology for being combined electrochemical process and Fenton technologies.Its general principle is
O2It is H in cathodic reduction2O2（Or H is directly added dropwise in anode2O2）And and Fe2+（Iron anode generation can be sacrificed）React generation OH
Free radical, OH free radicals have extremely strong oxidability（Oxidizing potential is only second to fluorine, up to 2.80V）.In addition, hydroxyl radical free radical
With very high electronegativity or electrophilicity（Electron affinity energy power reaches 569.3kJ）, very strong addition reaction characteristic can will without selection
Most of oxidation operations are CO in water2And H2O or small organic molecule, are particularly suitable for use in bio-refractory or general chemistry
The oxidation processes of oxidation organic wastewater hard to work.
A kind of " many barrier film electricity of the multi-electrode for handling high salt industrial wastewater of the joint applications such as the environmentally friendly Co., Ltd in Fujian wound source
Solve groove "（Apply on the same day）, many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode are devised, with reference to Fenton methods and Bipolar membrane water splitting, available for efficient
High salt industrial wastewater is handled, while the COD and salinity of waste water is reduced, the salinity in waste water is converted into corresponding acid, alkali
Recycled, realize the recycling of waste water salinity.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to design a kind of high salt process for treating industrial waste water based on many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode,
Being capable of efficient process high salt industrial wastewater.While high salt in removing industrial wastewater, waste water COD is reduced.Simultaneously by waste water
Salinity is converted into corresponding acid, alkali and reclaimed, and realizes the recycling of waste water salinity.
To realize that the technical scheme that the purpose of the present invention is used is：
1st, the first time processing of high-salt wastewater：
By high salt industrial wastewater injection salt room 1 and salt room 2, while the acid solution that pH value is 3~5 is passed through in the anode compartment,
Diluted acid is injected in sour room 1 and sour room 2, diluted alkaline is injected in alkali room 1 and alkali room 2, after energization in the presence of DC electric field, salt
The anions and canons of high-salt wastewater in room 1 enter sour room 1 and alkali room by anion-exchange membrane 1 and cation-exchange membrane 2 respectively
In 1, with anode chamber by cation-exchange membrane 1 migrate come H+The OH of water generation is dissociated with Bipolar Membrane-With reference to respectively in sour room 1
With corresponding bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry is generated in alkali room 1.
The anions and canons of high-salt wastewater in salt room 2 are entered by anion-exchange membrane 2 and cation-exchange membrane 3 respectively
In sour room 2 and alkali room 2, the H of water generation is dissociated with Bipolar Membrane+The OH generated with cathode reaction-With reference to respectively in sour room 2 and alkali room
Corresponding acid, alkali are generated in 2.So as to remove the salinity in high-salt wastewater, acid, the alkali of generation can be recovered utilization, realize useless
The purpose of water salinity recycling.
In above-mentioned first time processing procedure, anion-exchange membrane and cation-exchange membrane divide under DC electric field effect
Not Yun Xu anion and cation pass through, this selectivity is by make it that the anions and canons in waste water are separated, respectively
Into sour room and alkali room, so as to form bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, the purpose for removing salinity in waste water is realized.
2nd, second of processing of high-salt wastewater
After desalination, the waste water in salt room 1 and salt room 2, regulation pH value is pumped into anode chamber to after between 3~5, is added dropwise double
Oxygen water, 2~8h of concentration level energization according to high-salt wastewater is degraded and flocculated, and the adjusted pH value of the waste water after processing is into
Property, it can further be discharged after sedimentation.
In second of processing procedure, lost after being powered due to iron anode and be electronically generated Fe2+, with H2O2What hopper was added dropwise
H2O2React generation OH free radicals, oxidative degradation Organic Pollutants in Wastewater, so that COD is reduced.Fenton reagent exists
Molten iron complex compound can be produced in anode chamber's processing procedure, absorption parcel sedimentation is carried out to catabolite, with good flocculation work(
Can, further reduce waste water COD.
Described diluted acid or diluted alkaline are the corresponding acid of waste water salinity or alkali, its concentration of the acid being passed through, alkali for 0.1~
1.5mol/L。
The corresponding acid of described waste water salinity or alkali refer to the acid that anion contained in waste water is combined to form with hydrogen ion,
Contained cation is combined the alkali of generation with hydroxide ion in waste water.
Described energization, the time is 2~8h.
Described D.C. regulated power supply operating voltage is controlled in 5V~20V.
Described is continuously added into hydrogen peroxide, and its flow velocity is 1~20mL/min.
In second of processing procedure as described above, second lot high-salt wastewater can inject simultaneously to be entered in salt room 1 and salt room 2
Second of processing of the first time processing of row second lot high-salt wastewater, i.e. last batch high-salt wastewater can be while and next batch
The first time processing of high-salt wastewater is carried out simultaneously.
Electrolytic cell as described above, is cuboid groove-like structure, and the left end of electrolytic cell is provided with iron anode and inertia sun
Pole, the right end of electrolytic cell is provided with 1 inert cathode；From left to right successively by cation-exchange membrane 1, anion in electrolytic cell
Exchange membrane 1, cation-exchange membrane 2, Bipolar Membrane, anion-exchange membrane 2 and cation-exchange membrane 3 are separated, iron sun after segmentation
Space residing for pole and inert anode is anode chamber；It is sour room 1, anion between cation-exchange membrane 1 and anion-exchange membrane 1
It is salt room 1 between exchange membrane 1 and cation-exchange membrane 2；It is alkali room 1 between cation-exchange membrane 2 and Bipolar Membrane；Bipolar Membrane and the moon
It is sour room 2 between amberplex 2；It is salt room 2 between anion-exchange membrane 2 and cation-exchange membrane 3；Space residing for negative electrode
For alkali room 2, now alkali room 2 is also referred to as cathode chamber.High salt industrial wastewater introduces two salt rooms of electrolytic cell by water pump respectively, i.e.,
Salt room 1 and salt room 2；H is provided with above anode chamber2O2Hopper, is connected between hopper and anode chamber by minim pipette,
And by minim pipette by the H in hopper2O2It is added drop-wise in anode chamber；Electrolytic cell is provided with two D.C. regulated power supplies and powered, its
The positive pole of middle D.C. regulated power supply 1 is connected with the iron anode in anode chamber, and negative pole is connected with the negative electrode in cathode chamber, and it is supplied
Electricity；The positive pole of D.C. regulated power supply 2 is connected with the inert anode in anode chamber, and negative pole is connected with the negative electrode in cathode chamber, and right
It is powered.After D.C. regulated power supply is powered, DC electric field is formed between the anode and cathode so that real under DC electric field effect
Water decomposition between existing Bipolar Membrane yin, yang film layer（Hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion are generated, under the driving of the interpolar electrical potential difference of yin, yang two,
Migrated respectively to yin, yang the two poles of the earth, the anions and canons come with migration form acid, alkali.）With each anions and canons determining in a cell
To migration, the adjusted pH value of waste water after anode chamber's processing can further be discharged to neutrality after sedimentation.
Described Bipolar Membrane, cavity block layer is towards alkali room 1, and anode membrane layer is towards sour room 2.
Described electrolytic cell iron anode can use tabular, column or netted.
Described cell inert anode and negative electrode are Ti electrode or are titanium alloy electrode or are graphite electrode, its structure
Type is tabular, or is column, or is cellular.
Electrolytic cell is using two anodes（One it is iron anode, one is inert electrode）Respectively by two D.C. regulated power supplies with
Cathode chamber inert electrode is connected, in the Fe for ensureing to have sufficient amount2+While generation, when properly increasing processing unit electrodialysis
Current density.
The present invention has the advantages that：
1st, Fenton technologies and Bipolar membrane water splitting are combined, form integrated technology, while desalination, reduction is useless
The COD of water.
2nd, the salinity removed, the corresponding acid of generation, alkali, can be recovered utilization, reaches the purpose that changing waste into resources is utilized,
So as to reduce processing cost.
3rd, using two anodes（One it is iron electrode, one is inert electrode）Pass through two D.C. regulated power supplies and negative electrode respectively
Room inert electrode is connected, in the Fe for ensureing to have sufficient amount2+While generation, processing unit is properly increased in electrodialysis
Current density.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be processing method of the present invention based on a kind of processing high salt industrial wastewater many diaphragm electrolysis slot structures of multi-electrode
Schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to be better understood to the present invention, in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
In Fig. 1；1 is cation-exchange membrane 1；2 be anion-exchange membrane 1；3 be cation-exchange membrane 2；4 be Bipolar Membrane；5
It is anion-exchange membrane 2；6 be cation-exchange membrane 3；7 be negative electrode；8 be iron anode；9 be inert anode；10 be hydrogen peroxide reservoir
Groove；11 be dioxygen water ga(u)ge;12 be D.C. regulated power supply；I is anode chamber, and iron anode and inert anode are located therein；II is
Sour room 1；III is salt room 1；IV is alkali room 1；V is sour room 2；VI is salt room 2；VII is alkali room 2.VII is alkali room 2, is also cathode chamber.
Embodiment 1
The cell construction that the present embodiment is used is as shown in Figure 1.
Electrolytic cell is cuboid groove-like structure, and the left end of electrolytic cell is provided with the iron anode of column（8）, inert anode
（9）It is netted using Ti electrode；The right end of electrolytic cell is provided with 1 inert cathode（7）, it is the Ti electrode of column.
Electrolytic cell cationic exchange membrane 1 in the present embodiment（1）, cation-exchange membrane 2（3）, cation-exchange membrane 3（6）
Use nafion cation-exchange membranes；Anion-exchange membrane 1（2）, anion-exchange membrane 2（5）Use chitosan anion
Exchange membrane；Bipolar Membrane（4）Using BP-1 type Bipolar Membranes.
H is connected with above anode chamber2O2Hopper, hopper is by minim pipette by H2O2It is added drop-wise in anode chamber.
Described iron anode（8）Pass through D.C. regulated power supply（12）Connecting wire is connected with the Ti cathode (7) in cathode chamber
Form independent current path；
Described Ni―Ti anode (9) is connected by D.C. regulated power supply (12) connecting wire with the Ti cathode (7) in cathode chamber
Form independent current path；
The D.C. regulated power supply (12), its positive pole connection iron anode (8) or inert anode（9）, negative pole connection negative electrode
(7)；The voltage that D.C. regulated power supply (12) is used is 13.5V.
Sodium sulphate containing 90g/L, COD are introduced to the salt of device as shown in Figure 1 for 10000mg/L high salt industrial wastewater
Room 1（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In, anode chamber adds the sulfuric acid solution that pH value is 4.4, connects D.C. regulated power supply (12), is powered
After processing 5 hours, salt room 1 is adjusted with 12mol/L sulfuric acid（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In industrial wastewater pH be 4.4 after, be incorporated into
Anode chamber, while starting dioxygen water ga(u)ge（11）, it is 3mL/min to control dioxygen water flow velocity, while second batch waste water is pumped into
Salt room 1（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In.After processing 5 hours, by the waste water in anode chamber by sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide adjust pH to
7, natural subsidence is discharged after 30 minutes.So continuous circular treatment, and acid, the alkali in sour room and alkali room are recycled.
Above-mentioned processing procedure is sour room 1（Ⅱ）With sour room 2（Ⅴ）Middle addition sulfuric acid, its concentration is 0.5mol/L；Alkali room 1
（Ⅳ）With alkali room 2（Ⅶ）Sodium hydroxide is added, its concentration is 0.5mol/L.
The high salt industrial wastewater that the present embodiment is used is simulation industrial wastewater.
After high salt industrial wastewater is handled through the device, COD is 33.5mg/L, and waste water sodium sulfate concentration is reduced to 0.95g/L.
Example 2
The cell construction that the present embodiment is used is same as Example 1.The left end of electrolytic cell is provided with the iron sun of column
Pole（8）, inert anode（9）Using Ti electrode, column；The inert cathode that the right end of electrolytic cell is set（7）, it is netted titanium electricity
Pole.
Electrolytic cell cationic exchange membrane 1（1）, cation-exchange membrane 2（3）, cation-exchange membrane 3（6）Use
Nafion cation-exchange membranes；Anion-exchange membrane 1（2）, anion-exchange membrane 2（5）Use chitosan anion-exchange membrane；
Bipolar Membrane（4）Using BP-1 type Bipolar Membranes.The connected mode of D.C. regulated power supply (12) and each electrode is same as Example 1, adopts
Voltage is 12.5V.
The salt of device as shown in Figure 1 will be introduced for 10000mg/L high salt industrial wastewater containing 100g/L sodium chloride, COD
Room 1（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In, anode chamber adds the hydrochloric acid solution that pH value is 4.6, connects D.C. regulated power supply (12), is powered
After processing 5.5 hours, salt room 1 is adjusted with 6mol/L hydrochloric acid（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In industrial wastewater to pH be 4.6 after, draw
Enter anode chamber, while starting dioxygen water ga(u)ge（11）, it is 3.5mL/min to control dioxygen water flow velocity, while by second batch waste water
It is pumped into salt room 1（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In.After processing 5.5 hours, the waste water in anode chamber is adjusted by hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide
PH to 7 is saved, natural subsidence is discharged after 30 minutes.So continuous circular treatment, and acid, the alkali in sour room and alkali room are reclaimed
Utilize.
Above-mentioned processing procedure is sour room 1（Ⅱ）, sour room 2（Ⅴ）Hydrochloric acid is added, its concentration is into 1.0mol/L；Alkali room 1
（Ⅳ）With alkali room 2（Ⅶ）Sodium hydroxide is added, its concentration is into 1.0mol/L.
The high salt industrial wastewater that the present embodiment is used is simulation industrial wastewater.
After high salt industrial wastewater is handled through the device, COD is that sodium chloride concentration is reduced to 0.85g/L in 28.4mg/L, waste water.
Example 3
The electrolytic cell that the present embodiment is used is same as Example 1.Electrolytic cell is cuboid groove-like structure, the left end of electrolytic cell
Head is provided with netted iron anode（8）, inert anode（9）It is netted using Ti electrode；The right end of electrolytic cell is provided with 1
Inert cathode（7）, it is the graphite electrode of column.
Electrolytic cell cationic exchange membrane 1（1）, cation-exchange membrane 2（3）, cation-exchange membrane 3（6）Use
Nafion cation-exchange membranes；Anion-exchange membrane 1（2）, anion-exchange membrane 2（5）Use chitosan anion-exchange membrane；
Bipolar Membrane（4）Using BP-1 type Bipolar Membranes.
Iron anode（8）Pass through D.C. regulated power supply（12）Connecting wire is connected to form with the graphite cathode (7) in cathode chamber
Independent current path；
Ni―Ti anode (9) is connected to form by D.C. regulated power supply (12) connecting wire with the graphite cathode (7) in cathode chamber
Independent current path；
D.C. regulated power supply (12), its positive pole connection iron anode (8) or Ni―Ti anode（9）, negative pole connection graphite cathode (7)；
The connected mode of D.C. regulated power supply (12) and each electrode is same as Example 1, and the voltage used is 11.5V.
The salt of device as shown in Figure 1 will be introduced for 10000mg/L high salt industrial wastewater containing 110g/L potassium sulfates, COD
Room 1（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In, anode chamber adds the sulfuric acid solution that pH value is 4.8, connects D.C. regulated power supply (12), is powered
After processing 6 hours, salt room 1 is adjusted with 12mol/L sulfuric acid（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In industrial wastewater to pH be 4.8 after, introduce
Anode chamber, while starting dioxygen water ga(u)ge（11）, it is 4mL/min to control dioxygen water flow velocity, while second batch waste water is pumped into
Salt room 1（Ⅲ）With salt room 2（Ⅵ）In.After processing 6 hours, by the waste water in anode chamber by sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide adjust pH to
7, natural subsidence is discharged after 25 minutes.
Acid, alkali in sour room and alkali room is recycled（Part is available to make adjustments processing system pH value use）.
Above-mentioned processing procedure is sour room 1（Ⅱ）, alkali room 1（Ⅳ）；Sour room 2（Ⅴ）With alkali room 2（Ⅶ）Be separately added into sulfuric acid and
Potassium hydroxide, its concentration is into 1.2mol/L.
The high salt industrial wastewater that the present embodiment is used is simulation industrial wastewater.
After high salt industrial wastewater is handled through the device, COD is 20.2mg/L, and waste water sulfuric acid potassium concn is reduced to 0.58g/L.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of high salt process for treating industrial waste water based on many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode, described electrolytic cell is cuboid groove
Shape structure, the left end of electrolytic cell is provided with iron anode and inert anode, and the right end of electrolytic cell is provided with 1 inert cathode；
From left to right successively by cation-exchange membrane 1, anion-exchange membrane 1, cation-exchange membrane 2, Bipolar Membrane, anion in electrolytic cell
Exchange membrane 2 and cation-exchange membrane 3 are separated, and iron anode and the space residing for inert anode are anode chamber after separation；Sun from
It is sour room 1 between proton exchange 1 and anion-exchange membrane 1；It is salt room 1 between anion-exchange membrane 1 and cation-exchange membrane 2；
It is alkali room 1 between cation-exchange membrane 2 and Bipolar Membrane；It is sour room 2 between Bipolar Membrane and anion-exchange membrane 2；Anion exchange
It is salt room 2 between film 2 and cation-exchange membrane 3；Space residing for inert cathode is alkali room 2, also referred to as cathode chamber；Electrolytic cell is set
There are two D.C. regulated power supplies to power, wherein the positive pole of D.C. regulated power supply 1 is connected with the iron anode in anode chamber, negative pole and the moon
Inert cathode in pole room is connected；The positive pole of D.C. regulated power supply 2 is connected with the inert anode in anode chamber, negative pole and cathode chamber
In inert cathode be connected；The positive pole of D.C. regulated power supply 2 is connected with the inert anode in anode chamber, in negative pole and cathode chamber
Inert cathode is connected；Described Bipolar Membrane, cavity block layer towards alkali room 1, anode membrane layer towards sour room 2, it is characterized in that：
1）The first time processing of high-salt wastewater：
By high salt industrial wastewater injection salt room 1 and salt room 2, while the acid solution that pH value is 3~5 is passed through in the anode compartment, in acid
Diluted acid is injected in room 1 and sour room 2, diluted alkaline is injected in alkali room 1 and alkali room 2, phase is generated in sour room and alkali room respectively after energization
The bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry answered；
2）Second of processing of high-salt wastewater
Anode chamber is pumped into after between waste water in salt room 1 and salt room 2, regulation pH value to 3~5, hydrogen peroxide is added dropwise, is carried out after energization
Degraded and flocculation, the adjusted pH value of waste water after processing can further be discharged to neutrality after sedimentation；
Described diluted acid or diluted alkaline are the corresponding acid of waste water salinity or alkali, and its concentration of the acid being passed through, alkali is 0.1~1.5mol/L；
The corresponding acid of described waste water salinity or alkali refer to the acid that anion contained in waste water is combined to form with hydrogen ion, waste water
In contained cation the alkali generated is combined with hydroxide ion；
Described energization, the time is 2~8 h；
Described D.C. regulated power supply operating voltage is controlled in 5V~20V；
Hydrogen peroxide is continuously added into, its flow velocity is 1~20mL/min.
2. a kind of high salt process for treating industrial waste water based on many diaphragm cells of multi-electrode according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by that described electrolytic cell iron anode uses tabular, column or netted；Described cell inert anode and inertia are cloudy
Pole is Ti electrode or is titanium alloy electrode or is graphite electrode, its configuration or be tabular, or is column, or to be porous
Shape.
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