CN105230307A - Sunflower soybean double-cropping and plantation co-farming method - Google Patents
Sunflower soybean double-cropping and plantation co-farming method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention provides a sunflower soybean double-cropping and plantation co-farming method; every 4-6 mu is taken as a cultivation zone surrounded by Holland wire mesh being a fence; a fowl house is built on the field path side, and the bottom of the fowl house is provided with a dung dropping board; the method comprises the following steps: selecting a short stem sunflower breed; preparing land and applying fertilizers, rotary tillage and ploughing; sowing the sunflower; introducing baby chicks one week after sowing, or using baby goose as co-farming fowl; heat supplement stopping and rearing chicks, daily management; going field of growing chick or goose; thinning and final singling; bee-keeping and pollination, intertillage and weeding; harvesting sunflowers; cleaning the fowl house; preparing soybean seeds; sowing soybean seeds; harvesting soybeans; crushing straws and covering the land surface after harvesting; introducing second batch of fowl baby 30 days before harvesting; using fowls to clean field weeds and insects. Light-heat-moisture features in one-year-two-harvest regions in Southern China are utilized, and the fowls can control weeds and insects for co-farming crops, thus realizing co-farming production of double-cropping crops and fowls.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, relate to a kind of ecologic planting and cultivate the method done altogether, the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean and breeding make method altogether specifically.
Background technology
Along with the raising of China's socio-economic development level, meat increases sharply resident's meals proportion.The large-scale cultivation mode generally adopted at present produces nearly 4,000,000,000 tons of fowl and animal excrements every year, avoids causing environmental pollution because kind of these fowl and animal excrements of cultivation separation need extra input to carry out processing.On the other hand, for the ease of mechanized operation, the weed killer herbicide in agricultural production, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer application amount increase severely, and the public attention that agricultural product food security causes is day by day strong; The farmland content of organic matter reduces rapidly, and soil compaction and soil-borne disease are day by day serious, has threatened the sustainable development of China's agricultural from production marketing and production two aspects.For example, southern area of Jiangsu Province is always the land of plenty of China, and current used chemical farming pattern needs to use in a large number chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, weed killer herbicide carry out auxiliary agricultural production, result in quality of agricultural product and reduces, river pollution.Southern area of Jiangsu Province is the area that the economic most developed area of China and population are the densest simultaneously, and to guaranteeing drinking water safety and provide Safe Agricultural Product to have urgent demand, the ecological agriculture of Development of Novel is the urgent and unique at present selection in this area.
Existing breeding is total to the method (201310355885.2) of operation mode as a kind of corn field cultivation goose; A kind of rice field ecology kind breeding method (201310319814.7); One seed shrimp rice does the comprehensive breeding technology (201310668838.3) of one altogether; A kind of circulation mixed type paddy field aquaculture method (201410064459.8) all describes the benefit that ecospecies cultivation working method is brought.As a kind of monotechnics, it can solve control grass in farmland planting process to a certain extent, control the problem of insect pest and supplementary fertilizer, but from the overall operation of project, these methods all reckon without the disease control how overcoming breed variety in common operation mode, also arrange the not mentioned farming season how adapting to producing in southern area of China two season.
summary of the invention:
For above-mentioned technical problem of the prior art, the invention provides the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean and breeding makes method altogether, the two season crop rotation of described this sunflower soya bean and breeding solve the unresolved disease control of zoology breeding culturing method of the prior art as method altogether, do not provide the technical problem that in southern area of China two season production process, crops and cultivation are done altogether simultaneously.
The invention provides the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean and breeding makes method altogether, comprise the steps:
The step that a field arranges; Every 4 ~ 6 mu as an Animal Raising Zone, fence made by the Dutch net that surrounding is highly 1 ~ 1.5 meter, aperture is 4 ~ 6 centimetres, building at least one fowl canopy near the side on field road, uses to leak dropping-board and make somebody a mere figurehead bottom fowl canopy;
The step of a plantation sunflower; Plant height after short bar Sunflower Varieties, above-mentioned Sunflower Varieties maturation is selected to be 85-120cm; Late Febuary selects fine day to carry out wholely, every mu of fertilizer using 800 ~ 1200kg, rotary tillage is ploughed, the ditch that begins to rehearse, 2.5 ~ 3.5 meters, interval, draining furrow width 25 ~ 35 centimetres, dark 15 ~ 25 centimetres form sunflower planting furrow face, every furrow plantation sunflower 4 row, sunflower sowing depth 3 ~ 4 centimetres, leaving width between furrow and furrow is 1.2 ~ 2 rice grain pattern roads;
Sow first 1 day, seed is soaked, pulls out and drain, when surface still has moistening, insert in microbial-bacterial fertilizer and carry out probio parcel, then put for subsequent use in the cool; When temperature is stabilized in more than 5 DEG C, directly sow when 10 centimetres of dark soil temperatures are stabilized in 8 ~ 15 DEG C, use precision seeder sowing, line-spacing 60 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres;
One prepares the step doing poultry altogether; After planting 7 ~ 10 days laggard baby chicks, when employing goose seedling is as when doing poultry altogether, at after planting 10 ~ 14 days into goose seedling;
The step of a de-temperature; Seedling rearing room initial temperature is set to 35 DEG C, and reduce temperature 2 DEG C gently weekly, after 3 weeks, cooling rate is to 4 DEG C weekly, and nursery indoor relative humidity controls 50% ~ 70%, carries out 1 ~ 2 every day and ventilates; The density of chicken is 20 ~ 30/square metre; The density of goose young bird is 10 ~ 15/square metre, and the last fortnight of brooding keeps 24 h light, within 3 ~ 4 weeks, proceeds to natural lighting, and in pouity dwelling place, average illumination degree 30lx is advisable;
One is carried out the step of daily management to seedling rearing room; Frequent ventilation, spray the deodorizing of EM bacterium in air, periodic cleaning ight soil, sweeps ground;
One is carried out the step of immunity inoculation to chicken or goose seedling; Chicken injects Marek's vaccine before opening food; 7 ages in days H120 vaccine-containing drinking water is prevented epidemic; 10 ages in days are newcastle disease vaccine epidemic prevention with II; 30 age in days repeated inoculations 1 time II are newcastle disease vaccine and bursa of fabricius vaccine, and goose carries out immunity according to corresponding requirements;
The step that a middle chicken or middle goose are gone to the field; The chick in 4 week age or young goose are put into fowl canopy, and every square meter hen house puts 15 ~ 20 chickens, and the every square meter of goose puts 7 ~ 10, puts into 3 ~ 5 days, carries out 24 h light in fowl canopy;
The step of thinning, final singling; Sunflower Seedlings carries out thinning when there is 2 pairs of true leaves, gets final product final singling during 3 pairs of true leaves;
The step of a bee-keeping pollination; Honeybee pollination should be drawn in sunflower field, and every 10 mu of ground at least need a hive bee;
A point fills with the step of moisturizing; Moisturizing is carried out according to soil drought situation in squaring period;
Squaring period should spray composed of trace elements applied to foliage fertilizer, and the bud of bifurcated prunes away by combination fertilising;
The step of an intertill and clean tillage; In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, weeds are removed, if support goose, omit this step;
One is carried out the step of daily management to field and fowl canopy; Frequent cleaning ditch system, prevent mud from blocking, rainwater is emptying as early as possible, not ponding around fowl canopy, and early morning every day opens fowl canopy, allows poultry enter free choice feeding in field, a feed of throwing something and feeding time at dusk;
The step of a results sunflower; The harvest time of sunflower is that plants stems stalk turns yellow, middle and upper part blade is faint yellow, the floral disc back side is yellowish-brown, ligulate flower is withered or come off, pericarp is hard can be gathered in the crops, use wheat harvester to gather in, synchronously complete threshing, the chicken now done altogether can list marketing or continuation raising be used for laying eggs in the field in;
One is carried out the step of Antiepidemic sterilizing to fowl canopy; Chicken manure bottom cleaning hen coop, be sprinkled into field, after sunflower results, in this region, all cultivation poultry should all clear out, after emptying the ight soil under pouity dwelling place, use quicklime to carry out disinfection to pouity dwelling place and neighbouring ground, use the disinfectant of hypochlorous acid class to carry out irrigation and disinfection to fowl canopy interior walls and powder-leakage plate, then close fowl canopy, use fumigation method to carry out degree of depth sterilization to fowl canopy;
The step of a preparation beans kind; Select the soya bean kind being applicable to local climate, broken skin of soaking seed prior to seeding, is then filtered dry, mixes rhizobium of bean;
The step of a sowing beans kind; Use corn precision seeder to sow, the degree of depth 3 ~ 5 centimetres, sows by spacing in the rows 35cm, line-spacing 50cm, after planting, meets arid and should to water in time or irrigate through furrow basement water;
After 80% blue or green pod full seed, grain header is used to gather to soybean;
Gather and enter second batch poultry chick in first 30 days, put into field after 4 weeks, now every mu puts chicken quantity is 80 ~ 100, goose 20 ~ 30; Poultry is utilized to clear up the weeds in field, insect.
After gathering, crushed stalk is covered in surface, soil; Middle chicken or middle goose are put into field, utilizes improving straw mulching and poultry to search for food two ore control weeds and insect pest.
Further, sunflower makes the object that mode can select chicken or goose to cultivate as common work altogether, and when selecting chicken, every mu of quantity of putting chicken in a suitable place to breed is 50 ~ 70, and a corresponding community puts 250 ~ 350 chickens in a suitable place to breed; The chicken that fowl canopy holds is 15 ~ 20/square metre, and each fowl canopy sum is no more than 150 and is advisable; When selecting goose, put quantity 15 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, a community puts 75 in a suitable place to breed, and the goose that fowl canopy holds is 5 ~ 7/square metre, and each fowl canopy sum is no more than 50.
Further, prepare the time controling doing poultry altogether, sunflower enters baby chick in after planting 7 ~ 10 days, or within after planting 10 ~ 14 days, enters goose seedling on sunflower, herein baby chick, goose seedling equal nulling age in days poultry chick.
Further, do poultry altogether and adopt the way of all in all out to prevent epidemic, between batch, interval is not less than 30 days, often criticizes to clear out to carry out disinfection to pouity dwelling place and surrounding ground afterwards.
Further, sunflower ripening rate is improved by manually putting honeybee.
Further, soya bean plant early stage weed growth vigorous time can carry out once shallow hoe when 3 ~ 4 leaves and weed with a hoe, the later stage soya bean close strongly fragrant after can natural contral weeds.
Further, doing soil is often criticized free time between poultry is altogether not less than 30 days, and to hen coop sterilization, the ground lime disinfection near hen coop, culturing area utilizes the direct projection of the sun to kill parasite and pathogenic microorganism.
Further, near fowl canopy, drinking bowl and feed device are set.
Further, when sowing sunflower, two furrow edge lines are apart from 1.2 meters.Sowing depth 3 ~ 4 centimetres, every cave seeding down 2, mu needs 0.5 kilogram, seed.
Southern china general cool, damp in winter, notes keeping hen coop aeration-drying, birds flu-preventing.
The present invention compares with prior art, and its technological progress is significant.The present invention to be yielded two crops a year regional photo-thermal aqueous vapor feature according to southern area of China, playing poultry for making the crop smothering of crops altogether, while insect pest controls advantage, consider aquaculture management and the Disease management of poultry, realize 1 year two season crop and two season bird production.
embodiment;
embodiment 1
The two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean and breeding make method altogether, comprise the steps:
Field arrange: every 5 mu as an Animal Raising Zone, surrounding with height 1.2 meters, fence made by the Dutch net in 5 centimetres, aperture.Several fowl canopies are built in the side near field road.Use built on stilts leakage dropping-board bottom fowl canopy, meet the demand of poultry protection against the tide and sanitation and hygiene.Drinking bowl and feed device are set near fowl canopy.Sunflower makes the object that mode can select chicken or goose to cultivate as common work altogether.When selecting chicken, every mu of quantity of putting chicken in a suitable place to breed is 50 ~ 70, and a corresponding community puts 250 ~ 350 chickens in a suitable place to breed.The chicken that fowl canopy holds is 15 ~ 20/square metre, and each fowl canopy sum is no more than 150 and is advisable.When selecting goose, put quantity 15 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, a community puts 75 in a suitable place to breed, and the goose that fowl canopy holds is 5 ~ 7/square metre, and each fowl canopy sum is no more than 50 and is advisable.
Sunflower planting: select short-stalked variety, the plant height 85-120cm such as U.S. oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers 567, general per mu yield 250-420 kilogram, sows in spring 100 days breeding times.
Late Febuary selects continuous sunny to carry out wholely, and use the fertilizer of 1 ton for every mu, rotary tillage is ploughed, and 3 meters, interval begins to rehearse ditch one place, and draining furrow width 30 centimetres, forms the furrow face of 2.5 meters wide by dark 20 centimetres.Every furrow plantation sunflower 4 row, sunflower sowing depth 3 ~ 4 centimetres, leaving width between furrow and furrow is 1.2 ~ 2 rice grain pattern roads.
Sow first 1 day, seed is soaked, pulls out and drain, when surface still has moistening, insert in microbial-bacterial fertilizer and carry out probio parcel.Then put for subsequent use in the cool.
When temperature is stabilized in more than 5 DEG C, directly sow when 10 centimetres of dark soil temperatures are stabilized in about 10 degree.Use precision seeder is sowed, and line-spacing 60 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres, every 4 line space a line.Two furrow edge lines are apart from 1.2 meters.Sowing depth 3 ~ 4 centimetres, every cave seeding down 2.Mu needs 0.5 kilogram, seed.
Do poultry altogether to prepare.After planting 7 ~ 10 days laggard baby chicks, when employing goose seedling is as when doing poultry altogether, at after planting 10 ~ 14 days into goose seedling;
De-temperature: seedling rearing room initial temperature 35 degree, reduces temperature 2 degree gently weekly, after 3 weeks, can accelerate cooling rate to 4 degree weekly.After full surrounding chick can be prepared to move to outdoor in seedling rearing room.Relative moisture controls 50% ~ 70% during this period, and when having ready conditions, every day carries out 1 ~ 2 ventilation.Keep chicken safe drinking water, and change feed according to chicken nutritional need in good time.
Chicken density: density is 20 ~ 30/square metre; The young density of goose is 10 ~ 15/square metre.The last fortnight of brooding keeps 24 h light, within 3 ~ 4 weeks, proceeds to natural lighting.In pouity dwelling place, average illumination degree 30lx is advisable.
Daily management is carried out to seedling rearing room: room air circulation is bad, directly can affect growing of chick, and the generation of the disease such as chronic respiratory disease, illness in eye can be brought out.Should often ventilation, spray the deodorizing of EM bacterium in air, periodic cleaning ight soil, sweeps ground.
Immunity inoculation: chicken injects Marek's vaccine before opening food; 7 ages in days H120 vaccine-containing drinking water is prevented epidemic; 10 ages in days are newcastle disease vaccine epidemic prevention with II; 30 age in days repeated inoculations 1 time II are newcastle disease vaccine and bursa of fabricius vaccine.Goose carries out immunity according to corresponding requirements.
Middle chicken, goose is gone to the field: build fowl canopy on Rapeseed Field limit, and the chick in 4 week age has grown up to middle chicken, puts into field hen house.Vary in size depending on chicken adult, every square meter hen house puts 15 ~ 20 chickens.The every square meter of goose puts 7 ~ 10.Put into initial stage fowl canopy and carry out 24 h light, allow chicken or goose conform as early as possible.The middle chicken of just going to the field closes one week in chicken coop, opens hen house door again and put into field after being familiar with environment and recognizing nest.
Sunflower emerges for after planting general about 10 days, and multiple cropping is emerged for about 4 days, meets low temperature frosty weather and emerges more than 20 days, emerge 10 ~ 15 days time, carry out thinning when namely 2 pairs of true leaves appear in Sunflower Seedlings, during 3 pairs of true leaves, get final product final singling.Want timely thinning final singling, look into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Bee-keeping pollination: honeybee pollination should be drawn in sunflower field, and 10 mu of ground at least need a hive bee.
Point fills with moisturizing: sunflower is comparatively drought-enduring crop, carries out moisturizing in squaring period according to soil drought situation.
Squaring period should spray composed of trace elements applied to foliage fertilizer, and the bud of bifurcated prunes away by combination fertilising.
In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, the higher weeds in 1.2 meters of reserved fat pipes are removed, is convenient to chicken and gos deep into field.If support goose, omit this step.
Daily management is carried out to field and fowl canopy: should often clear up ditch system, prevent mud from blocking, rainwater is emptying as early as possible, not ponding around fowl canopy.Early morning every day opens fowl canopy, allows poultry enter free choice feeding in field, a feed of throwing something and feeding time at dusk.Throw something and feed and wave nest in conjunction with calling, form poultry and be accustomed to regard to nest.Directly feed ground be can be spread on during fine day, when rainy day or ground humidity, hopper or charging basket be used.Hopper and charging basket should meet the poultry being no less than sum 20% and take food simultaneously.Feeding capacity is all eaten up in 30 minutes with poultry and is advisable.When foster goose, visual weeds in field situation carries out scale of feeding adjustment flexibly.
In good time results: the optimum harvest time of sunflower is that plants stems stalk turns yellow, and middle and upper part blade is faint yellow, and the floral disc back side is yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower is withered or come off, and pericarp is hard can be gathered in the crops, and uses wheat harvester to gather in, synchronously completes threshing.The chicken now done altogether in field grows about 4 months, can list marketing or continue raising and be used for laying eggs.
Fowl canopy is carried out to the step of Antiepidemic sterilizing: chicken manure bottom cleaning hen coop, be sprinkled into field, doing soil is often criticized free time between poultry is altogether not less than 30 days, after sunflower results, in this region, all cultivation poultry should all clear out, after emptying the ight soil under pouity dwelling place, quicklime is used to carry out disinfection to pouity dwelling place and neighbouring ground, use the disinfectant of hypochlorous acid class to carry out irrigation and disinfection to fowl canopy interior walls and powder-leakage plate, then close fowl canopy, use fumigation method to carry out degree of depth sterilization to fowl canopy.
Prepare beans kind, select the soya bean kind being applicable to local climate, broken skin of soaking seed prior to seeding, is then filtered dry, mixes rhizobium of bean.
Corn precision seeder is used to sow, the degree of depth 3 ~ 5 centimetres.Sow by spacing in the rows 35cm, line-spacing 50cm.After planting, meet arid should to water in time or irrigate through furrow basement water.
Shallow hoe can be carried out once when 3 ~ 4 leaves when early stage weed growth is vigorous to weed with a hoe.Follow-up soybean is formed and covers, and weeds are suppressed naturally.
The wheat harvester through repacking is used to gather to soybean.Disposablely after blue or green pod full seed more than 80% to pick.
After gathering, crushed stalk is covered in surface, soil, and middle chicken or middle goose are put into field, utilizes improving straw mulching and poultry to search for food two ore control weeds and insect pest.
Gather and enter second batch poultry chick in first 30 days, after 4 weeks, put into field, utilize poultry to clear up the weeds in field, insect, the gather soya bean that drops and grass-seed etc.Being coated with of stalk is beneficial to the weathering and loss that reduce agricultural land soil.Because temperature autumn and winter is low, now put chicken quantity and can arrive 100, goose 30 for every mu.But note increasing fowl canopy, avoid poultry in canopy overcrowding.
Further, prepare the time controling doing poultry altogether, sunflower enters baby chick in after planting 7 ~ 10 days, or within after planting 10 ~ 14 days, enters goose seedling on sunflower, herein baby chick, goose seedling equal nulling age in days poultry chick.
Further, do poultry altogether and adopt the way of all in all out to prevent epidemic, between batch, interval is not less than 30 days, often criticizes to clear out to carry out disinfection to pouity dwelling place and surrounding ground afterwards.
Further, sunflower ripening rate is improved by manually putting honeybee.
Further, soya bean plant early stage weed growth vigorous time can carry out once shallow hoe when 3 ~ 4 leaves and weed with a hoe, the later stage soya bean close strongly fragrant after can natural contral weeds.
Southern china general cool, damp in winter, notes keeping hen coop aeration-drying, birds flu-preventing.
For granary, southern Jiangsu, sunflower sowing in about 25 days February, is gathering in the crops by the end of June.Plant local ox on July about 10 and step on flat soya bean, in gathering in the crops by the end of October.
Herbicidal effect is analyzed:
Through searching for food of chicken goose, covering of soya bean, and the searching for food and improving straw mulching of Winter idle land chicken goose.During next year sunflower planting, ground is several without weeds, can completely without weeding.Eliminate the negative effect of weeds for crop completely.
Deinsectization effect analysis:
Within 1 year, crop cycle have no insect pest.Particularly mole cricket, the soil insect pests such as grub almost disappear.
Getting fat effect analysis:
Due to straw-returning, soybean fixed nitrogen and brid guano also field etc., soil organic matter content and fertility promote obviously.
The Disease management analysis of cultivation poultry:
When chicken in fowl canopy remains on 15 ~ 20/square metre of, occasionally have and peck the appearance of anus phenomenon.The chicken natural selection over time that some physique are more weak.Start at from nursery and shifted out total survival rate from field more than 85% after 4 months.There is not serious epidemic situation.
Economic and Efficiency Analysis
The mode of sunflower and soya bean two season crop rotation and chicken, goose two Ji Gongzuo decreases artificial weeding and the labour that sprays insecticide drops into, particularly can avoid burning sun feeding hello water between the lights on daytime the peasant in summer of sweltering heat, greatly improve the environment of peasant at field work.Due to Mechanization sowing and harvesting, do not have intertill and clean tillage and spraying insecticide, the amount of labour demanded of farming work is compared unlike using the more of agricultural chemicals and weed killer herbicide mode.Except close with conventional crop output, every mu of ground many production 100 chickens, 30 geese every year, its economic worth exceedes field-crop.As produce agricultural product by Third Party Authentication, when not additionally increase labour drop into, every per mu yield value will rise to the current farmland output value 5 times.This ecology makes mode altogether for environmental protection, and the effect keeping agricultural sustainable development is also apparent.
Claims (7)
1. the two season crop rotation of sunflower soya bean and breeding make a method altogether, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The step that a field arranges; Every 4 ~ 6 mu as an Animal Raising Zone, fence made by the Dutch net that surrounding is highly 1 ~ 1.5 meter, aperture is 4 ~ 6 centimetres, building at least one fowl canopy near the side on field road, uses to leak dropping-board and make somebody a mere figurehead bottom fowl canopy;
The step of a plantation sunflower; Plant height after short bar Sunflower Varieties, above-mentioned Sunflower Varieties maturation is selected to be 85-120cm; Late Febuary selects fine day to carry out wholely, every mu of fertilizer using 800 ~ 1200kg, rotary tillage is ploughed, the ditch that begins to rehearse, 2.5 ~ 3.5 meters, interval, draining furrow width 25 ~ 35 centimetres, dark 15 ~ 25 centimetres form sunflower planting furrow face, every furrow plantation sunflower 4 row, sunflower sowing depth 3 ~ 4 centimetres, leaving width between furrow and furrow is 1.2 ~ 2 rice grain pattern roads;
Sow first 1 day, seed is soaked, pulls out and drain, when surface still has moistening, insert in microbial-bacterial fertilizer and carry out probio parcel, then put for subsequent use in the cool; When temperature is stabilized in more than 5 DEG C, directly sow when 10 centimetres of dark soil temperatures are stabilized in 8 ~ 15 DEG C, use precision seeder sowing, line-spacing 60 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres;
One prepares the step doing poultry altogether; After planting 7 ~ 10 days laggard baby chicks, when employing goose seedling is as when doing poultry altogether, at after planting 10 ~ 14 days into goose seedling;
The step of a de-temperature; Seedling rearing room initial temperature is set to 35 DEG C, and reduce temperature 2 DEG C gently weekly, after 3 weeks, cooling rate is to 4 DEG C weekly, and nursery indoor relative humidity controls 50% ~ 70%, carries out 1 ~ 2 every day and ventilates; The density of chicken is 20 ~ 30/square metre, and the density of goose young bird is 10 ~ 15/square metre, and the last fortnight of brooding keeps 24 h light, within 3 ~ 4 weeks, proceeds to natural lighting, and in pouity dwelling place, average illumination degree 30lx is advisable;
One is carried out the step of daily management to seedling rearing room; Frequent ventilation, spray the deodorizing of EM bacterium in air, periodic cleaning ight soil, sweeps ground;
One is carried out the step of immunity inoculation to chicken or goose seedling; Chicken injects Marek's vaccine before opening food; 7 ages in days H120 vaccine-containing drinking water is prevented epidemic; 10 ages in days are newcastle disease vaccine epidemic prevention with II; 30 age in days repeated inoculations 1 time II are newcastle disease vaccine and bursa of fabricius vaccine, and goose carries out immunity according to corresponding requirements;
The step that a middle chicken or middle goose are gone to the field; The chick in 4 week age or young goose are put into fowl canopy, and every square meter hen house puts 15 ~ 20 chickens, and the every square meter of goose puts 7 ~ 10, puts into 3 ~ 5 days, carries out 24 h light in fowl canopy;
The step of thinning, final singling; Sunflower Seedlings carries out thinning when there is 2 pairs of true leaves, gets final product final singling during 3 pairs of true leaves;
The step of a bee-keeping pollination; Honeybee pollination should be drawn in sunflower field, and every 10 mu of ground at least need a hive bee;
A point fills with the step of moisturizing; Moisturizing is carried out according to soil drought situation in squaring period;
Squaring period should spray composed of trace elements applied to foliage fertilizer, and the bud of bifurcated prunes away by combination fertilising;
The step of an intertill and clean tillage; In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, weeds are removed, if support goose, omit this step;
One is carried out the step of daily management to field and fowl canopy; Frequent cleaning ditch system, prevent mud from blocking, rainwater is emptying as early as possible, not ponding around fowl canopy, and early morning every day opens fowl canopy, allows poultry enter free choice feeding in field, a feed of throwing something and feeding time at dusk;
The step of a results sunflower; The harvest time of sunflower is that plants stems stalk turns yellow, middle and upper part blade is faint yellow, the floral disc back side is yellowish-brown, ligulate flower is withered or come off, pericarp is hard can be gathered in the crops, use wheat harvester to gather in, synchronously complete threshing, the chicken now done altogether can list marketing or continuation raising be used for laying eggs in the field in;
One is carried out the step of Antiepidemic sterilizing to fowl canopy; Chicken manure bottom cleaning hen coop, be sprinkled into field, after sunflower results, in this region, all cultivation poultry should all clear out, after emptying the ight soil under pouity dwelling place, use quicklime to carry out disinfection to pouity dwelling place and neighbouring ground, use the disinfectant of hypochlorous acid class to carry out irrigation and disinfection to fowl canopy interior walls and powder-leakage plate, then close fowl canopy, use fumigation method to carry out degree of depth sterilization to fowl canopy;
The step of a preparation beans kind; Select the soya bean kind being applicable to local climate, broken skin of soaking seed prior to seeding, is then filtered dry, mixes rhizobium of bean;
The step of a sowing beans kind; Use corn precision seeder to sow, the degree of depth 3 ~ 5 centimetres, sows by spacing in the rows 35cm, line-spacing 50cm, after planting, meets arid and should to water in time or irrigate through furrow basement water;
After 80% blue or green pod full seed, grain header is used to gather to soybean;
Gather and enter second batch poultry chick in first 30 days, put into field after 4 weeks, now every mu puts chicken quantity is 80 ~ 100, goose 20 ~ 30; Poultry is utilized to clear up the weeds in field, insect;
After gathering, crushed stalk is covered in surface, soil; Middle chicken or middle goose are put into field, utilizes improving straw mulching and poultry to search for food two ore control weeds and insect pest.
2. the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean according to claim 1 and breeding make method altogether, it is characterized in that: sunflower makes the object that mode can select chicken or goose to cultivate as common work altogether, when selecting chicken, every mu of quantity of putting chicken in a suitable place to breed is 50 ~ 70, and a corresponding community puts 250 ~ 350 chickens in a suitable place to breed; The chicken that fowl canopy holds is 15 ~ 20/square metre, and each fowl canopy sum is no more than 150 and is advisable; When selecting goose, put quantity 15 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, a community puts 75 in a suitable place to breed, and the goose that fowl canopy holds is 5 ~ 7/square metre, and each fowl canopy sum is no more than 50.
3. the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean according to claim 1 and breeding make method altogether, it is characterized in that: the time controling preparing to do altogether poultry, sunflower enters baby chick in after planting 7 ~ 10 days, or within after planting 10 ~ 14 days, enter goose seedling on sunflower, herein baby chick, goose seedling equal nulling age in days poultry chick.
4. the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean according to claim 1 and breeding make method altogether, it is characterized in that: do poultry altogether and adopt the way of all in all out to prevent epidemic, between batch, interval is not less than 30 days, often criticizes to clear out to carry out disinfection to pouity dwelling place and surrounding ground afterwards.
5. the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean according to claim 1 and breeding make method altogether, it is characterized in that: improve sunflower ripening rate by manually putting honeybee.
6. the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean according to claim 1 and breeding make method altogether, it is characterized in that: soya bean plant early stage weed growth vigorous time can carry out once shallow hoe when 3 ~ 4 leaves and weed with a hoe, the later stage soya bean close strongly fragrant after can natural contral weeds.
7. the two season crop rotation of a kind of sunflower soya bean according to claim 1 and breeding make method altogether, it is characterized in that: doing soil is often criticized free time between poultry is altogether not less than 30 days.
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| CN110024650A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-19 | 上海交通大学 | The method of Phosphorus fertilizer usage is reduced in a kind of soybean culture |
| CN112450023A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-09 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Drought-never-top-harvest planting method for soybean intercropping oil sunflowers |
| CN113243334A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-13 | 刘凤山 | Planting and breeding rotation technology |
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