CN105228824B - 用于透明玻璃板的显示装置 - Google Patents

用于透明玻璃板的显示装置 Download PDF

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CN105228824B
CN105228824B CN201480011505.6A CN201480011505A CN105228824B CN 105228824 B CN105228824 B CN 105228824B CN 201480011505 A CN201480011505 A CN 201480011505A CN 105228824 B CN105228824 B CN 105228824B
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layer
glass plate
transverse magnetic
laser emission
light source
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CN105228824A (zh
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C.约瑟夫
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于在舱室或壁的玻璃板上显示实像的装置,所述玻璃板在其暴露于所述光源的面上包含防止扫描所述玻璃板一部分的光源发射的入射单色激光辐射的反射的涂层,所述叠层由两个层的叠层组成,即,从窗玻璃功能基底开始,由基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、锌锡氧化物或锆硅氧化物的材料制成的第一层;和由基于氧化硅,任选进一步包含碳和/或氮和/或铝的材料制成的第二层,其中所述层各自的几何厚度Ep1和Ep2基本上等于:‑ 对于该第一层:Ep1=26 + 0.07(θ) – 0.007(θ)2 (1)‑ 对于该第二层:Ep2=83 – 0.1(θ) + 0.01(θ)2 (2),其中θ是在该玻璃板的扫描部分中,入射的单色激光辐射对所述玻璃板的法线的平均取向角。

Description

用于透明玻璃板的显示装置
本发明涉及投影到透明屏幕,特别是汽车挡风玻璃或建筑玻璃板上的显示***的领域。
最特别地,本发明,即使不限于此,涉及用于显示图像的***的领域,例如涉及称为“平视”显示***的技术领域,在本领域中简称HUD(head-up displays)。用于显示图像的此类***尤其用于飞机驾驶舱和火车,但是目前也用于私人机动车辆(汽车、卡车等),并用于在透明面板上显示信息(装有玻璃的店面、外立面等等)。本发明特别涉及在玻璃板功能基底上产生显示的装置,其特征在于它们使用激光投影仪来形成实像。
在此类***中,该玻璃板通常由夹心结构组成,所述夹心结构在最简单的情况下包含两个坚固材料的片材(feuilles),如玻璃片材。该坚固材料的片材通过热固性夹层片材连接在一起,所述热固性夹层片材最通常包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成。
平视显示***已知能够将信息投影到待显示的玻璃板上,该信息被反射回向驾驶员或观察者。这些***特别能够通知车辆驾驶员,而无需驾驶员将视线从车辆前方的视野移开,由此极大地提高了安全性。
在最早的***中,通过将信息投影到具有层压结构的挡风玻璃上来获得此类图像,所述层压结构是由两个玻璃片材和一个塑料夹层构成的结构。驾驶员看到位于挡风玻璃前一定距离处的虚像。但是,驾驶员随即看到双重图像,即由朝向舱室内部的挡风玻璃表面反射的第一图像,和通过反射离开该挡风玻璃的外表面的第二图像,这两个图像相对于彼此略微偏移。这种偏移可能令信息更难以阅读。至于这一问题的解决方案,可以提及在专利US 5 013 134中提出的一种,其描述了使用由两个玻璃片材和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成的层压挡风玻璃的平视显示***,该挡风玻璃的两个外表面并非平行的,而是楔形的,使得由显示源投影并被朝向舱室的挡风玻璃面反射的图像几乎重叠在被朝向外部的挡风玻璃面反射的来自相同来源的相同图像上。为了消除这种双重图像(也称为重影),常规使用厚度由玻璃板顶部边缘向底部边缘递减的夹层片材来制造楔形层压玻璃板。但是,PVB型材随即必须非常规则,不能含有任何厚度变化。因为在组装到挡风玻璃过程中存在透射,并会导致局部的角度变化。在此类***中,试图最大化从玻璃表面的光反射以最大化投影到玻璃板表面上的信号的强度。对于这种类型的玻璃板且目的在于避免重影,专利申请EP 2131 227教导在玻璃板的玻璃板基底的一个面上防止抗反射涂层,其目的在于防止来自一个面的反射并由此防止重影。
或者,在专利US 6 979 499 B2中提出了将适当波长的入射光束发射到直接并入该玻璃板中的发光体上,这些发光体能够通过发射可见光范围内的光辐射来响应该激发。以这种方式,直接在挡风玻璃上形成实像而非虚像。该图像也对该车辆的所有乘客可见。专利US 6 979 499 B2特别描述了包含由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成的夹层的层压玻璃板,其两个外表面是平行的,并在其中并入发光体的附加层。根据入射激发辐射的波长来选择该发光体。该波长可以在紫外范围内或在IR范围内。该发光体在该入射辐射下重新发射可见光范围内的辐射。当入射辐射是UV辐射时,该方法被称为下转换,当入射辐射是IR辐射时,该方法被称为上转换。根据所述文献,此类结构能够直接在挡风玻璃或玻璃板上重新构建任何对象的图像。根据该公开,发光体材料以包含几种类型的发光体的连续层形式沉积在构成层压玻璃板的片材(PVB或玻璃)之一的整个主表面上。通过选择性激发该发光体层的给定区域获得所需(sought-after)图像。通过由外部装置控制和调节的激发光源来设定该图像的位置与其形状。
申请人进行的试验表明,采用此类HUD装置(即用采用整合到组装玻璃板中的发光体的HUD装置),在常规UV激发光源下获得的亮度过低。为了确保投影到该挡风玻璃上的信号具有令人满意的亮度并因此充分可见,必须使用非常规的光源,即产生集中的辐射光束的光源,如激光器或发光二极管。
尤其可以使用产生集中和定向的UV光的激发光源,所述光通过更特定的光源来传送,如激光二极管。术语“集中(concentré)”在本说明书上下文中理解为是指在玻璃板处由该发生源发射的光束的每单位面积功率高于120 mW.cm-2并优选为200 mW.cm-2至20 000mW.cm-2,或甚至为500 mW.cm-2至10 000 mW.cm-2
专利申请WO2010/139889描述了使用羟基-对苯二甲酸酯发光体材料,该材料具有通过在入射的UV激发下良好的量子产率来确保的高亮度,和在UV激光激发下的老化测试中良好的耐久性。专利申请WO2009/122094描述了涂施已知能防止所用激发辐射的反射的材料层,其目的在于改善高外部照明度条件下玻璃板中预印的图形的视觉对比度。
但是,可以设想使用此类光源仅在必须保持低于上限的功率下以防止与光束的危险性相关的问题,首先是关于车辆的外部。特别是,通过以接近400纳米的波长运行,有可能阻止大部分激光辐射到达所述外部,因为在这些波长下PVB强烈吸收UV辐射。
但是,由于从构成该挡风玻璃的玻璃板的玻璃表面的反射,入射的发光激光辐射的功率也可能转而对舱室中的乘客非常危险,特别是对车辆的驾驶员。此类反射导致眼部病变和车辆乘员燃烧的风险。该反射,尤其是镜面反射,可能相对较高(大约几个百分点),尤其是如果考虑该挡风玻璃的曲率和倾斜的话。
由于如果驾驶员要能看到具有足够对比度以便快速阅读的信息的话,该光源必须发射非常强有力的初始光束,这种危险将更为严重。
本发明涉及能够保证乘客安全的装置,尤其是如标准IEC 60825-1(涉及激光产品安全性)中所规定的那样,并最终能够将玻璃板功能基底所反射的入射光束的光强度降低尤其是10或更高的倍数。
特别地,申请人公司已经观察到,通过选择特定的抗反射涂层并特别通过合适地选择其构成材料与其排列能够令此类***安全。
本发明的方法可极大限制涉及使用激光光源以便在玻璃板、特别是挡风玻璃或玻璃板上显示图像的安全问题,因为其确保适当地选择这些参数。
更确切而言,本发明涉及用于在舱室(habitacle)或壁(facade)的玻璃板上显示实像的装置,所述装置包括:
- 波长为380至410 nm且特别为395至410 nm并尤其接近或等于405 nm的单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源;和
- 所述玻璃板,其至少一部分包含吸收所述辐射以便重新发射在可见光范围内的光并显示该图像的发光体,
所述辐射源(即单色辐射的入射光束)朝向所述玻璃板的所述部分取向并扫描所述部分以与所述玻璃板的法线成一定平均角θ。
根据本发明,该玻璃板安装在其暴露于所述光源的面上,具有由两个层的叠层组成的抗反射涂层,即:
- 第一层,其对入射的单色辐射的光学折射率为大约1.9至大约2.1并优选为1.95至2.10,特别由基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、混合的锌锡氧化物(SnxZnyO)或混合的锆硅氧化物(SixZryO)的材料制成,该第一层具有厚度Ep1;和
- 第二层,其对入射的单色辐射的光学折射率为大约1.5至大约1.6并特别基本等于1.54,特别由基于氧化硅,任选进一步包含碳和/或氮和/或铝的材料制成,该第二层具有厚度Ep2
所述层各自的几何厚度Ep1和Ep2基本上等于:
- 对于该第一层:
Ep1 = 26 + 0.07(θ) – 0.007(θ)2 (1)
- 对于该第二层:
Ep2 = 83 – 0.1(θ) + 0.01(θ)2 (2)。
在上式(1)和(2)中,θ以度(°)为单位。
本发明的玻璃板在其暴露于入射辐射的面上理想地具有对所述单色辐射为1.5至1.6、且特别地基本上等于1.54的折射率。
在本发明的上下文中,表述“玻璃板”常规上理解为是指一种分隔元件,其包含至少一个玻璃片材或板,但也可包含能够用于取代此类玻璃板并提供相同功能的任何透明基底,特别是塑料且尤其是聚碳酸酯类型片材。本发明的玻璃板,尤其用于HUD应用,可以尤其由层压玻璃板组成,所述层压玻璃板由通过塑料夹层,例如PVB类型夹层粘接的两块玻璃片材或基底构成。
在本发明的上下文中,表述“平均角θ”理解为是指通过光源发射的入射光束对在该激光辐射覆盖的所述玻璃板的全部扫描区域中各冲击点处的法线所构成的角,考虑了所述玻璃板的曲率和倾斜。
在本发明的上下文中,表述“基本等于”理解为是指所述层的厚度等于或类似于使用上述两个公式获得的准确值,即它们包含在公式(1)和(2)给出的准确值附近加或减5纳米的范围内,并优选包含在加或减4纳米的范围内,或甚至以非常优选的方式在所述准确值附近加或减3纳米的范围内。
在本发明的上下文中,表述“基于……的材料”和“基于”理解为是指该层基本上由所述材料组成,即所述层的大部分由所述材料制成(即,例如所述层的至少80重量%或所述层的甚至至少90%),但是其仍可以包含其它材料或化合物,但是以使得其折射率基本不受其它材料或化合物的存在的影响或在任何情况下保持在前述范围内的有限量包含所述其它材料或化合物。例如,本发明的由氮化硅或氧化硅制成的层可以包含相当大百分比的铝,如已知那样混入初始用于通过阴极溅射获得所述层的硅靶中(该靶随即通常包含大约8重量%的铝)。
根据本方法的某些有利的实施方案,其可以根据情况显而易见地结合在一起:
- 该光源产生等于405纳米的激光辐射。
- 该光源包含至少一个激光二极管。
- 所述玻璃板是层压玻璃板,用作汽车挡风类型玻璃或建筑玻璃板,包含至少两块无机玻璃或牢固的有机材料的透明片材的组装件,其通过热固性材料的夹层或通过包含此类夹层的多层片材连接在一起,所述发光体材料集成到所述夹层中并能够获得所述显示。
-所述辐射光源朝向所述玻璃板取向,使得在冲击点处与所述玻璃板的法线成0°至50°、例如10°至40°的平均角θ。
- 构成所述夹层的可热成形材料选自PVB、塑化PVC、聚氨酯PU和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯EVA。
- 该第一层基于氮化硅。
- 该第一层低于混合的锌锡氧化物,其Sn/Zn比尤其为50/50至85/15且优选为55/45至75/25。
- 所述发光体是以下结构式的羟基烷基对苯二甲酸酯R-OOC-Φ(OH)x-COOR:
其中Φ表述具有至少一个羟基基团(OH)取代的苯核,R是包含1至10个原子的烃链,并且x等于1或2,特别可以使用2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯。
本发明还涉及一种机动车辆舱室,包含如上所述的显示装置,特别是包含层压玻璃板与朝向包含所述发光体的所述玻璃板的部分发射集中定向辐射光束的光源(如激光类型)的平视显示(HUD)装置。
最后,本发明涉及实现用于在舱室或壁的玻璃板上显示实像的装置的方法,包含380至410 nm且特别为395至410 nm的单色的、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源,该光源朝向所述一个或多个部分取向;以及所述玻璃板,其至少一部分包含吸收所述辐射以便重新发射在可见光范围内的光并显示该图像的发光体,所述辐射光源朝向所述玻璃板取向并扫描后者以与所述玻璃板的法线成一定平均角θ,其中由两个层的叠层组成的抗反射涂层施加到暴露于所述光源的玻璃板的那个面上,所述两个层由玻璃板功能基底开始特别具有对该单色辐射为1.5至1.6且特别地基本等于1.54的光学折射率:
- 由基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、锌锡氧化物或锆硅氧化物的材料制成的第一层,其光学折射率对入射的单色辐射特别为大约1.9至大约2.1且优选为1.95至2.10,该第一层具有厚度Ep1;和
- 由基于氧化硅,任选进一步包含碳和/或氮和/或铝的材料制成的第二层,其光学折射率对入射的单色辐射特别为1.5至1.6且尤其基本等于1.54,该第二层具有厚度Ep2
在所述方法中,所述层各自的几何厚度Ep1和Ep2基本上等于:
- 对于该第一层:
Ep1 = 26 + 0.07(θ) – 0.007(θ)2 (1)
- 对于该第二层:
Ep2 = 83 – 0.1(θ) + 0.01(θ)2 (2)。
在阅读相对附图1给出的本发明的实施方案的以下说明时将更好地理解本发明及其优点。
图1示意性显示了放置在机动车辆的舱室(未显示)中的挡风玻璃和装置:
该挡风玻璃1由两个片材2和9构成,通常为玻璃片材,但是它们还可以由牢固的塑料如聚碳酸酯类型的片材组成。存在于这两个片材之间的是塑料如PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)、塑化PVC、PU或EVA,或混入例如PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的多层热塑性片材所制成的夹层片材3,其中该层的次序例如为PVB/PET/PVB。
在层压前,也就是说在组装多个片材之前,将本发明的对苯二甲酸酯类型的有机发光体粒子沉积在该热塑性夹层片材3内表面的至少一部分上。
该发光体粒子具有主要在1至100微米之间的粒度分布。术语“主要”应理解为构成市售粉末的粒子的超过90%具有1至100微米之间的直径。优选地,对对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体粒子施以预先处理以促进它们在该热塑性PVB片材中的浸渍。更确切地说,该粒子用PVB-基粘合剂预涂布。
发射发光激发辐射的激光光源4用于朝向该挡风玻璃的步骤10发送波长等于405纳米的入射的、集中的、横向磁偏振辐射7,在该部分10上必须生成该实像。该激光光源或投影器例如包含偏振器,其使得入射光束被偏振,以使得其电磁场是横向磁场。在本发明的上下文中,表述“横向磁场”理解为是指至少100:10且优选至少100:1的TM:TE偏振比(TM:横向磁场;TE:横向电场)。
该玻璃板的至少这部分10包含合适的发光体。该发光体有利地是如专利申请WO2010/139889中所描述的羟基对苯二甲酸酯(hydroterephthalate),例如在该热塑性夹层片材3中以分子形式溶剂化。该发光体具有入射辐射的高吸收系数。该发光体随后以高于80%的效率重新发射在可见光范围内的辐射,即在450纳米附近的辐射。
由该发光体发射的可见辐射随后可以被驾驶员的眼睛5直接观察,驾驶员由此看到挡风玻璃上的目标而无需将他的眼睛从道路上移开。以这种方式,可以在层压挡风玻璃上直接形成图像,而不需要调整后者的结构,例如夹层片材的厚度,由此能够经济地制造HUD***。
根据本发明,用于产生集中辐射的光源优选是UV激光类型的光源。例如,其非限制性地为固态激光器、半导体激光二极管、气体激光器、染料激光器或准分子激光器。通常,产生集中和定向的UV辐射光通量(在本发明的含义内)的任何已知光源可以用作本发明的激发光源。或者,也可以使用在近UV范围内发光的非相干光源如发光二极管,优选大功率发光二极管。
根据一个可能的实施方案,专利申请US 2005/231652的段落[0021]中描述的实施方案的DLP投影机可用于调制激发波。根据本发明,还有可能使用如专利申请US2004/0232826中所述,尤其如结合图3所述的装置作为UV激发光源。
使用此类***能够用激光辐射照亮玻璃板的特定部分,以便在其中出现可能对正在驾驶的驾驶员有用的任何信息项目,尤其是与安全或甚至路线相关的信息项目。
上面的实施例当然绝非意在限制如上所述的本发明的任何方面。
根据本发明,可以通过一种通过用光源快速扫描所述区域或通过用从动于所述源的多个反射镜同时激活所述区域中的像素来起作用的器件来照亮相关区域。
特别地,根据第一实施方案,基于MEMS微反射镜的投影机可以与激光光源一起使用。根据另一个实施方案,基于DLP、LCD或LCOS矩阵的投影机将与激光或LED光源一起使用。或者,根据本发明有可能使用基于反射激光光源的安装在检流计上的反射镜的投影机。
如果当该装置运行时要确保舱室中的安全,必须克服的主要困难是具有被挡风玻璃表面反射的辐射部分,最粗略而言,其可能相对较大并朝向乘客的眼睛,尤其是考虑到被入射光束照亮的区域中该层压挡风玻璃的倾斜与曲率的话。
根据本发明,将上述类型的特定抗反射涂层8施加到该层压玻璃板的内表面上,即施加到朝向车辆舱室的玻璃板的那一面上。至少在朝向包含该发光体材料的挡风玻璃的部分10的玻璃板区域中施加该AR涂层。
基于适才所述的实施方案,各种类型的抗反射涂层的以下实施例显示了通过实施本发明获得的优点,实施本发明的目的在于通过显著降低光源发射的光束从挡风玻璃表面上的反射,尤其是对于0至50°入射角而言,从而尽量降低对车辆乘客的上述风险。
实施例
在以下实施例中,重现了上文中参照图1描述的实施方案,包含该发光体的层压挡风玻璃1被405纳米横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源或投影机4照亮,所述辐射照亮该玻璃板的一部分10。
所用玻璃板是挡风玻璃,其包含:
- 由显示浅绿色的着色玻璃组成的外部第一片材;
- 由申请人公司以名称Planilux®出售的透明玻璃组成的内部第二片材;和
- 在两个片材之间熔融并将两个片材连接在一起的聚乙烯醇丁缩醛的夹层。
在组装该层压结构前,使用专利申请WO 2010/139889中所示方法在该PVB夹层上沉积羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型(2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯)发光体材料。该发光体在该玻璃板的20×10厘米矩形部分中以大约5×10-4 g/cm2的浓度沉积在该夹层中。
在朝向舱室内部的那部分玻璃板上,沉积如说明书剩余部分中所示的各种抗反射涂层。在其内表面上不具有任何抗反射层的玻璃板用作对照物以量度该保护的有效性。
对照实施例:
对于这种对照玻璃板,不像如上所述的玻璃板施加抗反射涂层,所述玻璃板包括具有其夹层的两个玻璃片材。405纳米激光辐射被导向富含该发光体的玻璃板部分,大部分405纳米激光辐射被吸收和转化。
暴露于激光辐射的玻璃板的那一面由405纳米处的折射率为1.54的玻璃组成。其反射系数在405纳米处为大约4.5%。
以下实施例不同于该对照实施例,在于在透明Planilux®玻璃片材的内表面上沉积各种类型的抗反射涂层。如下所述作为施加到激光光源上的初始功率的函数,测定风险水平R。
实施例1:
对于本发明的第一玻璃板,沉积的抗反射叠层由两个层组成,即:
- 直接沉积在内部玻璃表面上的第一层,所述层由含有小比例的铝的氮化硅(SiN)组成并对波长等于405纳米的入射辐射具有大约2.0的折射率。该层的厚度为大约24纳米;和
- 沉积在该氮化硅层上的第二层,所述层由含有小比例的铝的氧化硅(SiO)组成并在405纳米处具有大约等于1.5的折射率。该层的厚度为87纳米。
在形成该层压玻璃板之前,使用常规的、公知的磁控管阴极溅射技术在Planilux玻璃片材的适当面上沉积这两个层,这两个层分别由以下靶沉积:
- 对于氮化硅层,在氮气氛中由包含8重量%的铝的硅靶;并且
- 对于氧化硅层,在含氧气氛中由包含8重量%的铝的硅靶。
实施例2:
在本发明的第二玻璃板中,沉积的抗反射叠层由与上文相同的材料制成并以相同的方式沉积的两个层组成,但是具有不同的厚度。特别是:
- 直接沉积在内部玻璃表面上的第一层,所述层由含有小比例的铝的氮化硅组成。该层的厚度为12纳米;和
- 沉积在该氮化硅层上的第二层,所述层由含有小比例的铝的氧化硅组成。该层的厚度为99纳米。
实施例3:
在本发明的第三玻璃板中,沉积的抗反射叠层由与上文相同的材料制成并以相同的方式沉积的两个层组成,但是具有不同的厚度,特别是:
- 直接沉积在该表面上的第一层,所述层由含有小比例的铝的氮化硅组成。该层的厚度为28纳米;和
- 沉积在该氮化硅层上的第二层,所述层由含有小比例的铝的氧化硅组成。该层的厚度为83纳米。
随后对根据以上实施例获得的玻璃板施以导向包含发光体的区域的激光辐射。
用于照亮该玻璃板的投影机由发射405纳米下的集中的、单色的、横向磁偏振的光束的激光二极管组成。光源的孔径角为大约5°。该二极管具有可调节的电源,使得生成的光束的功率是可调的。
将光束导向包含发光体的该玻璃板的矩形部分,使得其在穿过第一片材的透明玻璃之前遭遇该抗反射涂层。
在第一装置中,考虑到挡风玻璃的曲率和倾斜,在挡风玻璃上的光束的平均入射角θ1是固定的,并等于25°。
在第二装置中,在挡风玻璃上的光束的平均入射角θ2是固定的,并等于45°。
在第三装置中,在挡风玻璃上的光束的平均入射角θ3是固定的,并等于0°,即入射光束在玻璃板的冲击点处与该玻璃板的法线重合。
通过采用以下程序计算的危险因子或参数R来量化该HUD产品的危险性:
提高光源的强度直到在挡风玻璃上形成的实像的亮度超过3000 candelas/m2(初始被认为即使在日光条件下也足以获得驾驶员可见的图像的亮度)。根据涉及激光器产品安全性的标准IEC 60825-1中所述原理测定被挡风玻璃表面反射的光束的危险性。测定风险因子R等于比R = E/MPE,其中E是对象接收的激光曝光量,MPE是给定激光器装置的特定使用条件下的最大允许曝光量。
根据该标准,等于1的R值是产品危险性的可接受极限。但是,根据本发明,当然会试图尽量减小该R值,低于0.1的值特别是优选的,以便获得经时最佳保护,或甚至考虑到此类光源的危险性在未来预期缩紧所述标准时。
例如,装有405纳米下的光学功率为500 mW并产生1毫米直径光斑的激光二极管的以900 rad/s的扫描速度以矢量模式运行的激光投影仪放置在距挡风玻璃1米处,描摹25厘米长的轮廓线以实现3225 cd/m2的亮度。在这些条件下,根据标准IEC 60825-1的最大容许照射量为MPE = 3.63×10-4 J/m²。
由于测得的曝光量对于对照实施例等于E = 3.57×10-3J/m²,计算的激光风险因子因而为R = 9.8。
在该对照物情况下,为了将激光风险因子降低至小于1的R值,由此必须将激光光源的功率降低至50 mW,其效果是相应地将亮度降低至323 cd/m2的不可接受的值。
对获得的大约3000 cd/m2的亮度,对所有受试配置获得的结果收集在下表1中:
表1中整理的数据表明,如果根据所述辐射的入射角并通过应用前述关系式(1)和(2),从而按照本发明来选择和计算校准构成防止所述辐射反射的涂层的两个层的厚度,按照实施例1至3,与入射激光类型辐射投影到玻璃板上相关的风险因子是可以接受的。最特别地,表1中整理的数据表明,两个层各自的厚度必须根据挡风玻璃上入射光束的入射角来配置,以便限制风险因子R,也就是说,使得对于从玻璃表面上的入射辐射的反射而言,乘客是安全的。
考虑到此类目的,将实施例1的玻璃板调节至在挡风玻璃上的光束的平均入射角θ1为大约25°,而将实施例2的玻璃板调节至在挡风玻璃上的光束的平均入射角θ2为大约45°。将实施例3的玻璃板调节至在挡风玻璃上的光束的平均入射角为0(即在冲击点处该玻璃板的法线与入射光束重合)。
特别地,从上表中整理的结果可以看出,通过应用本发明,对大约3000 cd/m2的信号亮度可获得了非常低的风险因子,特别是低于0.1。在非常强地照亮挡风玻璃的某些情况下,在该实例中因此能够显著提高信号的亮度以使得信息项目对驾驶员或使用者更可见,但是不超过标准IEC 60825-1中规定的风险因子R=1。
这种特征使得能够在车载(汽车、飞机、火车等)HUD类型应用中安全地使用非常集中的辐射源如激光器类型或甚至在窗户上显示信息。

Claims (23)

1.用于在舱室或壁的玻璃板上显示实像的装置,所述装置包括:
-波长为380至410nm的单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源;和
-所述玻璃板,其至少一部分包含吸收所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射以便重新发射在可见光范围内的光并显示该实像的发光体,
所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源朝向所述玻璃板的部分取向并扫描所述部分以与所述玻璃板的法线成一定平均角θ,
其中所述玻璃板安装在其暴露于所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源的面上,具有由两个层的叠层组成的抗反射涂层,即,玻璃板功能基底开始:
-由基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、锌锡氧化物或锆硅氧化物的材料制成的第一层,所述第一层具有厚度Ep1;和
-由基于氧化硅,任选进一步包含碳和/或氮和/或铝的材料制成的第二层,所述第二层具有厚度Ep2
并且在于所述层各自的几何厚度Ep1和Ep2等于:
-对于该第一层:
Ep1=26+0.07(θ)–0.007(θ)2 (1)
-对于该第二层:
Ep2=83–0.1(θ)+0.01(θ)2 (2)。
2.如权利要求1中所要求保护的装置,其中所述玻璃板在其暴露于入射辐射的面上具有对所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.5至1.6的折射率。
3.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中,对于所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射,所述叠层的第一层的材料具有1.9至2.1的光学折射率,并且其中所述叠层的第二层的材料具有1.5至1.6的光学折射率。
4.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源产生在405纳米处的辐射。
5.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源包含至少一个激光二极管。
6.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中所述玻璃板是通过粘结用塑料夹层彼此粘性粘贴的两块玻璃片材所构成的层压玻璃板,发光体集成到所述夹层中。
7.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中制成所述第一层的材料基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅或锌锡氧化物。
8.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中所述第一层基于氮化硅,并且所述第二层基于氧化硅。
9.如权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中所述第一层基于锌锡氧化物,并且所述第二层基于氧化硅。
10.如前述权利要求9中所要求保护的装置,其中制成所述第一层的材料是混合的锌锡氧化物,其Sn/Zn比为50/50至85/15。
11.如前述权利要求1或2中所要求保护的装置,其中所述平均角θ为0至50°。
12.如权利要求1中所要求保护的装置,其中单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源的波长为395至410nm。
13.如前述权利要求3中所要求保护的装置,其中,对于所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射,所述叠层的第一层的材料具有1.95至2.10的光学折射率。
14.如前述权利要求3中所要求保护的装置,其中所述叠层的第二层的材料具有等于1.54的光学折射率。
15.如前述权利要求6中所要求保护的装置,其中塑料夹层是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB的塑料夹层。
16.如前述权利要求10中所要求保护的装置,其中Sn/Zn比为55/45至75/25。
17.舱室,包含权利要求1~16之一中所述的显示装置或玻璃板。
18.如前述权利要求17中所要求保护的舱室,其中,舱室是机动车辆、飞机或火车的舱室。
19.实现用于在舱室或壁的玻璃板上显示实像的装置的方法,包括:
-包含380至410nm的单色的、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源,该光源朝向一个或多个部分取向;和
-所述玻璃板,其至少一部分包含吸收所述单色的、横向磁偏振激光辐射以便重新发射在可见光范围内的光并显示该实像的发光体,
-所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源朝向所述玻璃板取向并扫描后者以与所述玻璃板的法线成一定平均角θ,
其中由两个层的叠层组成的抗反射涂层施加到暴露于所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源的玻璃板的面上,所述两个层由玻璃板功能基底开始具有对该单色的、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.5至1.6的光学折射率:
-由基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、锌锡氧化物或锆硅氧化物的材料制成的第一层,其光学 折射率对入射的单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.9至2.1,该第一层具有厚度Ep1;和
-由基于氧化硅,任选进一步包含碳和/或氮和/或铝的材料制成的第二层,其光学折射率对入射的单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.5至1.6,该第二层具有厚度Ep2
并且其中所述层各自的几何厚度Ep1和Ep2等于:
-对于该第一层:
Ep1=26+0.07(θ)–0.007(θ)2 (1)
-对于该第二层:
Ep2=83–0.1(θ)+0.01(θ)2 (2)。
20.如前述权利要求19中所要求保护的方法,其中单色的、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源的波长为395至410nm。
21.如前述权利要求19中所要求保护的方法,其中由两个层的叠层组成的抗反射涂层施加到暴露于所述单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射的光源的玻璃板的面上,所述两个层由玻璃板功能基底开始具有对该单色的、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.54的光学折射率。
22.如前述权利要求19中所要求保护的方法,其中由基于氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、锌锡氧化物或锆硅氧化物的材料制成的第一层,其光学折射率对入射的单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.95至2.10。
23.如前述权利要求19中所要求保护的方法,其中由基于氧化硅,任选进一步包含碳和/或氮和/或铝的材料制成的第二层,其光学折射率对入射的单色、横向磁偏振激光辐射为1.54。
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PL2961599T3 (pl) 2017-11-30
FR3002767B1 (fr) 2015-02-27
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PT2961599T (pt) 2017-07-20
US20160011414A1 (en) 2016-01-14
RU2667310C2 (ru) 2018-09-18
ES2633250T3 (es) 2017-09-20
EP2961599A2 (fr) 2016-01-06
US9929436B2 (en) 2018-03-27
RU2015141409A (ru) 2017-04-06
WO2014131998A2 (fr) 2014-09-04
CN105228824A (zh) 2016-01-06
EP2961599B1 (fr) 2017-04-26
FR3002767A1 (fr) 2014-09-05
JP6310485B2 (ja) 2018-04-11
KR20150123244A (ko) 2015-11-03
JP2016519774A (ja) 2016-07-07

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