CN105228811A - 具有旋转摩擦焊缝的壳体 - Google Patents
具有旋转摩擦焊缝的壳体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105228811A CN105228811A CN201480009666.1A CN201480009666A CN105228811A CN 105228811 A CN105228811 A CN 105228811A CN 201480009666 A CN201480009666 A CN 201480009666A CN 105228811 A CN105228811 A CN 105228811A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- housing
- wall surface
- weld seam
- spin friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229920001871 amorphous plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
- H05K5/0004—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus comprising several parts forming a closed casing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
- B29C65/0672—Spin welding
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
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- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B29C66/7465—Glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3481—Housings or casings incorporating or embedding electric or electronic elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
- B29L2031/749—Motors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及壳体(10),其具有第一部分(14)和第二部分(18),第一部分(10)具有第一壁(22)且第一壁(22)带有外壁表面(28),第二部分(18)具有第二壁(24)且第二壁(24)带有内壁表面(30)。所述壁表面能够至少在一些区段中具有例如圆柱状套管形状。第一壁(22)和第二壁(24)的部分在重叠区域(26)中重叠。第一壁(22)和第二壁(24)沿着壁表面(28、30)的周围借助于布置在重叠区域(26)内的旋转摩擦焊缝(32)来连接。旋转摩擦焊缝(32)具有紧凑区(48)和混合区(44),紧凑区(48)具有第一弹性模量,混合区(44)具有不同的第二弹性模量。
Description
技术领域
本发明的目的是壳体,特别是用于电操作设备的壳体,所述壳体包括旋转摩擦焊缝,以及还在于一种制造此类壳体的方法。
背景技术
为了生产管状壳体,特别是抗压壳体,采用铸模材料的端侧封闭的牵引结构被频繁使用,它们的组装要求特殊的机械准备。公开EP1255072A2,例如,示出了一种具有半透明壳体管的防爆灯,其壳体部分使用两个系结锚固件彼此连接。但是,这种结构的制造和组装是昂贵的。
此外,旋转摩擦焊接的方法已知用于连接热塑性塑料材料。在这种情况下,应用所述要求的热能,以通过待连接的部分的相对旋转来熔化材料。由于摩擦焊接过程最多只花费几秒钟,可能以这种方式以高时钟率生产对象。
公开DE3853951T2描述了一种塑料容器,其是耐压的,且包括管状本体部分和端部封闭部分,在这种情况下在一个端部封闭部分的边缘上设置有环形凹部。管状本体部分的端部放置在凹部中。随后,通过借助于旋转摩擦焊接将管状本体部分的端部熔化在端部封闭部分上,使端部封闭部分以及管状本体部分彼此连接。这由底部切口辅助,该底部切口设置在凹部上,且端部的熔化材料将会流入其中。结果,壳体以流体密封的方式封闭,且设置用于容纳处于静态压力下的流体,其中,例如,接近10巴的压力可作用于容器本体上。
公开DE19911284A1描述了一种用于生产两个管的套筒接头的方法。套筒朝向中心呈锥形地略微逐渐变细,且进行旋转运动。无旋转支撑的管沿着套筒的旋转轴线移动进入所述套筒,使得熔化所述套筒和管材料且达到形成旋转摩擦焊缝。套筒和管展现具有可比性的径向弹性。在连接壳体的相对刚性的盖帽或者盖的情况下,这是不同的,其中壳体具有圆柱状的基座本体,圆柱状的基座本体关于壳体是相对弹性的。在交替的热应力的条件下,有形成破裂的风险,特别是在盖至管的轴向过渡处。此外,在壳体在内部或外部***的情况下,即,在类似冲击的压力应力下,基座本体可能折断,特别是在此类的从盖或套筒至管的过渡处。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的壳体,特别是用于电操作设备的壳体,以及一种制造此类壳体的方法。
根据本发明,此目的采用展现权利要求2中的特征的壳体以及根据权利要求15的方法来实现。
特别地,所述壳体被设置用于容纳电操作设备;然而,它也可用作其它装置的壳体。所述壳体包括具有第一壁的第一部分,所述第一壁具有例如圆柱状的外壁表面。所述壳体的第二部分具有第二壁,所述第二壁具有内壁表面(例如,其可以是圆柱状的)。所述第一壁和所述第二壁在重叠区域中重叠,且借助于沿着壁表面周围的壁表面上的旋转摩擦焊缝在所述重叠区域内连接。所述旋转摩擦焊缝形成圆形的封闭环。所述旋转摩擦焊缝被限定成与所述壳体的中心轴线同轴,所述轴线同时形成所述壳体的旋转轴线。
所述旋转摩擦焊缝包括至少一个紧凑区(compactzone)和一个混合区。所述紧凑区优选地呈现均匀的材料分布。所述混合区优选地呈现不均匀的材料分布。例如,可通过完全熔化的材料生产紧凑区。所述混合区可包含部分熔化的材料。所述旋转摩擦焊缝可包括一个单个的或者若干个混合区或者一个单个的或者若干个紧凑区。由于紧凑区和混合区,可能生成呈现不同弹性的区。在这样做时,特别地,混合区能够用作第一部分和第二部分之间的径向过度区,第一部分和第二部分呈现不同的弹性,特别是在与旋转轴线横切的方向上。混合区可包含例如小孔、其它空隙、磨损固体和/或固体碎片和/或重新凝固的熔体的粗节(slub)和/或片层。所述混合区展现与紧凑区的机械性质不同的机械性质。特别地,所述混合区可呈现比所述紧凑区更高的回弹性,即,在变形期间可以提供更少的阻抗。
优选地,所述混合区布置在所述旋转摩擦焊缝的一个轴向端部上。一个混合区可以各自形成于两个轴向端部中的每一个上,所述混合区由紧凑区轴向分开。优选地,混合区布置在所述重叠区域的一个轴向边缘区域中,即,沿着所述旋转轴线,从所述重叠区域到所述第一部分或者到所述第二部分的过渡部所在之处。例如,所述紧凑区可以轴向布置在所述旋转摩擦焊缝的中心处。所述紧凑区还可能从所述旋转摩擦焊缝的轴向中心的区域延伸至所述旋转摩擦焊缝的一个轴向端部。
均匀的或者不连贯的过渡部可以在所述紧凑区和所述混合区之间平行于所述旋转轴线生成。所述紧凑区和所述混合区之间的过渡部可遵循沿着所述周围的直线,或者是弯曲的或者具有波形,即,所述紧凑区可进入所述混合区,例如平行于所述旋转轴线。平行于所述旋转轴线,所述紧凑区可以具有比所述混合区更大的延伸(长度)。
紧凑区和混合区可以沿着所述旋转摩擦焊缝的周围交替,且每个可例如平行于所述旋转轴线延伸。一个或更多个混合区可以形成为紧凑区内的点(spot)或者岛状区域(island),在这种情况下所述紧凑区可以是(例如)有粘性的。一个或更多个紧凑区还可能配置为混合区内的点或岛状区域,在这种情况下所述混合区可以是例如有粘性的。紧凑区和混合区的点可以分别规则地设置或者形成不规则的图案。因此,紧凑区点和混合区点可以在周围方向上和/或旋转轴线的方向上交替地布置。
紧凑区内的熔化或者重新固化的材料优选地呈现比混合区内的材料更大的密度。例如,它可以包含更少的小孔、磨损固体等。所述紧凑区设置以实现壳体的完整性,特别是在力作用平行于所述旋转轴线施加的情况下。由于所述紧凑区,可能实现特别是所述壳体的密封性。所述混合区设置成,特别地以机械方式将从第一部分至第二部分的过渡部固定,且可用作缓冲区。由于所述混合区的不均匀性,所述混合区可以是浑浊的或者甚至不透明的,即使使用了玻璃透明的塑料材料。
优选地,旋转摩擦焊缝沿着整个重叠区域轴向延伸。所述旋转摩擦焊缝平行于所述旋转轴线延伸,且优选地限于所述重叠区域。然而,所述旋转摩擦焊缝还可以延伸(至少在一侧上)超过所述重叠区域。例如,固化的熔体还可以设置在所述重叠区域的外部,且在此处例如有助于所述摩擦焊缝的机械稳定性和/或密封性。优选地,所述第一部分和所述第二部分彼此连接,而在沿着所述整个***的壁表面上(即,沿着所述周围)没有中断。
所述紧凑区和所述混合区的(轴向)长度可以不同,例如是第一和第二部分的材料和形状参数以及制造工艺的参数的函数。混合区的长度可以是例如几毫米。然而,混合区的长度也可以仅仅是一毫米的百分之几。紧凑区优选地比混合区长。紧凑区的长度是例如至少10毫米。所述旋转摩擦焊缝的所述紧凑区的厚度和所述混合区的厚度在与所述旋转轴向横线横切的径向方向上可不同。所述混合区在径向上可比所述紧凑区更厚。这促进了它的弹性和/或塑性可形变性或者回弹性。
除了所述第一和第二部分,所述壳体可包括额外的部分。所述壳体的部分之间的连接可以是旋转摩擦焊缝,或者这些部分以另一种方式连接。所述壳体或者所述壳体的部分可以是透明的或者半透明的。优选地,所述壳体是防水的。如果所述壳体配置以满足防爆封装防护等级(Ex-d)的规定,则将是有利的。特别优选地,所述壳体(特别是所述壳体部分的连接)满足DINEN60079-1的规定。壳体还可配置来满足防护等级Ex-e。例如,壳体可用作灯壳体或者用作信号传输器的壳体或者用于线缆的防护安装,例如,作为线缆管道或者包含光学传感器。
优选地,所述壳体具有圆柱状的管状本体。此外,所述壳体可以具有盖,所述盖设计成在一侧上封闭所述管状本体。为了这样做,将所述盖放置在所述管状本体上方,且与所述管状本体一起形成重叠区域。以此方式,形成所述第一部分(例如,管状本体)和所述第二部分(例如,盖)之间的重叠区域。所述管状本体与所述盖的重叠区域可包括旋转摩擦焊缝,所述旋转摩擦焊缝具有紧凑区和混合区。壳体可以还具有管状本体,至少一个阻塞器设置在所述本体的一侧上,所述阻塞器封闭所述本体。例如,在此类壳体的情况下,所述第一部分是阻塞器,所述第二部分是管状本体。所述阻塞器和所述本体可以依次通过之前描述的旋转摩擦焊缝连接。
所述壳体可以包括至少一个管状部分,所述管状部分借助于发明的旋转摩擦焊缝连接到套筒或者接头,所述旋转摩擦焊缝具有紧凑区域和混合区。还可能在套筒、接头的辅助下,或者通过借助于旋转摩擦焊缝的直接连接,直接连接两个管状部分。套筒可以视为袖口状的连接件,其围绕两个管状部分的端部区段布置,以便于连接所述部分。接头是在两个管状部分的端部区段内布置在管状部分内部的连接件。
第一和第二部分的每一个都具有壁,所述壁具有壁表面,所述壁表面围绕所述壁向内或向外延伸。这样的壁表面可以是光滑的和圆的,或者具有转角以便于形成多边缘表面,或者具有小平面。在截面中(即,在与旋转轴线横切的方向上),所述壁表面可以是圆形的或者椭圆形的或者多边形的。所述壁表面的一部分可以具有管状形式,例如,在这种情况下它可以是圆柱状的圆形或者多边缘的管状形式或者棱柱状的管状形式。所述壁表面可以平行于所述旋转轴线延伸,且具有沿着所述旋转轴线恒定的直径或者周围。所述壁表面具有“套管的形状”。这包括,壁表面具有直的圆柱状套管形状,例如还包括封闭本体的锥形的壁表面或者弯曲的壁表面。壁表面,例如,可以是圆的或者波形的,使得至少部分地偏离直的锥形或者圆柱状的壁形式。例如,套管形状的壁表面还可以在旋转轴线的方向上至少在一些区段中呈锥形地逐渐变宽或逐渐变细。此外,套管形状的壁表面可以包括台阶,即突然改变的直径。一个或更多个缝隙或间隙可以存在于套管形状的壁表面中,例如在轴向方向上。以此方式,壁表面可以沿着它的周围被中断。配置第一和第二壁的壁表面的形状以便于相对于彼此互补。优选地,从锥形形式或者从严格的圆柱状形式偏离的形式至少在一些区段中的特征在于一角度,所述角度限定壁表面相对于旋转轴线且在朝向旋转轴线的方向上的倾斜位置。优选地,表示所述倾斜位置的特征的所述角度介于1度至3度之间。
所述第一和/或所述第二部分的壁表面可具有凹部,例如兜部(pocket)、凹痕或者凹槽。例如,此类凹部可以起作用以容纳熔体,或者引导或者导向熔化流,或者在摩擦焊缝的产生期间控制熔体的形成。优选地,凹部布置在重叠区域内且被限制于所述重叠区域。凹部的区段可以在所述重叠区域上方延伸,或者伸出在所述重叠区段的至少一侧上的所述区域上方。凹部可以沿着所述旋转轴线延伸和/或横切于所述旋转轴线延伸。凹部,特别是凹槽或者沟槽,可沿着套管形状的壁表面的周围方向延伸。以此方式,凹部可沿着壁表面上的螺旋线。凹部可沿着旋转轴线延伸。优选地,一部分具有几个在周围方向上延伸的凹槽。一部分(例如第一部分)的一个壁表面可以具有凹部,然而其它部分的壁表面没有任何凹部。所述第一和第二部分可具有例如用于控制所述熔体或者熔化流的形成的通道。
在一个实施例中,所述第一和第二壁表面都没有重叠区域内的凹部,在这种情况下,表面粗糙度被排除。以这种方式能够形成旋转摩擦焊缝而没有切口。
相对于壁表面,第一或第二部分的直径可以是10毫米至70毫米。一个部分的壁的厚度优选地取决于该部分的直径,且可以是例如1毫米至5毫米。
壁和它的壁表面可以包括相同的材料或者不同的材料。第一和第二部分的壁可以包括相同或者不同的材料,或者部分地包括不同的材料。优选地,第一壁和第二壁包括或者包含塑料材料。优选的壁材料是无定形的热塑性塑料材料。例如,一个壁可以包括聚碳酸酯。还可能例如,第一和第二部分只有一个部分的壁包括或者包含塑料材料,然而其它壁包括例如玻璃、金属或者复合材料。
摩擦焊缝的均匀的紧凑区和/或不均匀的混合区可以均包含单种类型的塑料材料,例如聚碳酸酯,或者包含或包括几种类型的塑料材料。特别地,紧凑区以及混合区可以包含第一壁和第二壁的材料,或者与其材料混合。
优选地,第一和第二部分的每一个均具有端部表面。端部表面的取向可以相对于壁表面是横切的,例如,在一个实施例中,盖和圆柱状管位于一侧上,通过管的一个端部处的轴向覆盖表面生成端部表面;在另一侧上,盖具有轴向封闭所述管的端部表面。除了由旋转摩擦焊缝进行的连接,第一和第二部分可以通过第一和第二部分的端部表面上的轴向旋转摩擦焊缝连接。例如,可以在套筒内设置环,所述环具有两个端部表面,其中布置在套管内的管可以借助于周围上的旋转摩擦焊缝和一个端部表面上的轴向旋转摩擦焊缝连接到套筒上。
在一个实施例中,第一和第二部分可以在与壁表面分开的端部表面上不具有任何摩擦焊缝,且因此分别仅通过套管形状的内和外壁表面上的周围的摩擦焊缝连接。
根据本发明的方法涉及摩擦焊缝的形成,该摩擦焊缝具有紧凑区和混合区。所述方法设计用于制造壳体,所述壳体能够用于电操作设备且限定旋转轴线,且所述壳体包括具有第一壁的第一部分和具有第二壁的第二部分。第一壁具有套管形状的外壁表面,以及第二壁具有套管形状的内壁表面。为了产生此类壳体,第一部分和第二部分绕旋转轴线相对于彼此被旋转驱动。第一部分和第二部分能够通过相对供给运动朝向彼此运动。在第一和第二部分的端部表面和/或周围表面接触的情况下,发生接触表面的至少一个部分的材料的熔化。最后,由于重新固化的熔体,摩擦焊缝形成于壁表面上,所述摩擦焊缝包括具有均匀的材料分布的紧凑区以及具有不均匀的材料分布的混合区。紧凑区和混合区的形成以及它们的性质(例如该区在旋转轴线的方向上的长度)可以由材料参数、形状参数和工艺参数来控制。连同这个一起,例如,第一部分和第二部分的直径可以作为形状参数发挥作用,其中,优选地,选择第一和第二部分之间的过盈配合。优选地,一个部分具有在供给方向上呈锥形地逐渐变细的区段,紧随的是沿着旋转轴线具有恒定周围的区段。以此方式,可能在该部分上形成阻塞斜坡。另一部分可包括相对于呈锥形地逐渐变细的区段的间隙配合以及在具有恒定的周围的区段上的过盈配合。紧凑区和混合区的性质,例如它们的长度、它们的构型等,也能够通过锥形区段的长度、锥形区段的角度和具有恒定的周围的区段的长度以及过盈配合的过盈量来控制。
为了控制紧凑和混合区的形成,额外的凹部(例如凹槽)可以设置在第一和/或第二部分上,所述凹槽能够至少部分地容纳和/或输送形成的熔体。凹部还可以是例如圆形的或者矩形的或者方形的。此外,突起部(例如粗节或者伸长的突起部)可以设置在第一和/或第二部分上。影响紧凑区和混合区的参数是,例如凹部和突起部的尺寸、相对于旋转轴线的取向、相对于旋转方向的进行(progression)以及在旋转摩擦焊缝的区域中的布置。其它控制选项由第一和第二部分的表面的相对速度、供给速度、供给力产生,也由经摩擦焊接工艺的所述值的时间进行以及从壁材料的熔化至熔体的固化的整个工艺时间产生。在操作该工艺中,熔化优选地被限制于第一和第二部分的仅壁表面区域,以便于获得第一和第二部分的稳定性。这能够例如通过相对较短的工艺时间来实现。
附图说明
本发明的有利实施例能够从申请的从属权利要求和说明书中推断得到。通过将至少一个独立权利要求与一个或更多个从属权利要求的特征进行组合来获得有利的进展。附图对说明书进行补充。附图的特征能够有利地彼此组合。附图示意性地示出了:
图1是根据本发明具有电操作设备的壳体;
图2是图1的壳体的重叠区域的一部分的区段;
图3是根据本发明的壳体的另一个实施例;
图4是使用用于制造的装置的根据本发明的方法的表示。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的根据本发明的壳体10包括灯12,且以防爆的方式配置,满足防压封装的防护等级(Ex-d),且额外地,壳体10是防水的。壳体10通过它的圆柱状形状限定旋转轴线R。壳体10包括第一部分14,该第一部分14是管状或者圆柱状的且具有底部16。第一部分14具有接近60毫米的外部直径A。具有盖形式的第二部分18焊接到第一部分14上。第一部分14和第二部分18的每一个均由注射模制产生,且由无定形透明聚碳酸酯组成。然而,第一部分14和第二部分18也可以由不同的材料组成。例如,一个部分可以由玻璃或者钢组成,或者由不是聚碳酸酯的塑料材料组成。
盖18包括端部表面20,端部表面20取向横切于旋转轴线R。第一部分14的第一壁22的一个区段与盖18的第二壁24重叠,所述第二壁围绕第一部分14延伸。第一壁22具有外壁表面28,该外壁表面28具有圆柱状套管的形状。它经旋转摩擦焊缝连接到第二部分18的内壁表面30,第二部分18的内壁表面30具有圆柱状套管的形状。外壁表面28和/或内壁表面30也可以具有偏离圆柱状形式的套管形状。例如,壁表面可以成圆锥形地逐渐变细和/或设置有小平面,且可配置成多边缘表面。在第一部分14的第一壁22的布置在第二部分18中的端部上,第一部分14具有环形的端部表面34。在周围方向延伸的环形端部表面34和第二部分18的端壁20的端部表面36之间存在具有固化的熔体的焊接区38。由于覆盖表面34在端壁表面36上的摩擦,焊接区38中的固化的熔体已经形成。熔体也可以是外壁表面28或内壁表面30的熔化材料,这种材料通过毛细管作用或者通过材料的预先运动来到达焊接区38的区域内,且在那个位置处形成热粘合。
图2显示壳体的细节S。第二部分18的第二壁24在远离端壁20的第一区段40中具有在端壁20的方向上成圆锥形地逐渐变细的形式。在位于沿着旋转轴线R靠近端壁20的第二区段42中,第二壁24的内壁表面具有恒定直径。在沿着旋转轴线R与第一部分14的重叠区域处的重叠区域26的边缘区域46内,旋转摩擦焊缝32具有混合区44,该混合区44具有不均匀的材料分布。在示例性的实施例中,特别地,混合区44是细孔泡沫。这种泡沫在此边缘区域46提供机械固定。以此方式,可能生成例如缓冲区,特别地,该缓冲区屈服于由于壳体10内部的***产生的力。否则,此类的力能够引起第一部分14在第二部分18的边缘上方在边缘区域46中折断。
此外,旋转摩擦焊缝32具有紧凑区48,该紧凑区48位于旋转摩擦焊缝32的沿着旋转轴线R更靠近端壁20的区段中。旋转摩擦焊缝还可以具有额外的熔化区,该熔化区通过紧凑区48在轴向方向上与混合区44分开。与混合区44相比,紧凑区48具有更均匀的材料分布且具有更大的密度。旋转摩擦焊缝32具有径向厚度d,由于内壁表面30的一些区段中的锥形走向以及该内壁表面另外具有圆柱状套管形状,厚度d沿着旋转轴线R可假定不同的值。此外,所描述的壳体10具有凹槽50,凹槽50设置在第二壁24中且围绕所述壁的***延伸。设置凹槽50来接纳熔体用于控制熔化流且作为用于机械固定壳体的底部切口。借助于摩擦焊缝第一壁22和第二壁24沿着它们的整个周围被连接。凹部或凹槽50也可以配置为兜部(pocket),其沿着外周规则地或者不规则地布置在一些点处,且例如设置用于容纳过多的熔体或者用于机械固定。
图3显示根据本发明的另一个壳体10,所述壳体包含电操作设备12。第一部分14配置为封闭第二部分18的大的阻塞器。同时,电操作设备12固定到阻塞器。第一部分14具有第一壁22,该第一壁22具有外壁表面38,该外壁表面38具有圆柱状套管的形状。第一部分14和第二部分18仅通过外表面28和第二部分18的内壁表面30之间的旋转摩擦焊缝32连接,该外表面28具有圆柱状套管的形状,该内壁表面30具有圆柱状套管的形状。
旋转摩擦焊缝32具有混合区44,该混合区44设置在沿着旋转轴线方向位于重叠区域26的边缘区域46内的从第一部分14至重叠区域的过渡部处。混合区44的弹性模量大于紧凑区48的弹性模量,紧凑区48离边缘区域46一定距离设置在混合区44附近。在这个位置,混合区44减少了在壳体10的内部***期间折断第二壁24的风险。旋转摩擦焊缝32的紧凑区48具有均匀的材料分布且设置来密封壳体10。在重叠区域26中不设置凹部,使得形成旋转摩擦焊缝而没有底部切口。
图4说明了本发明的方法,该方法使用装置52用于制造具有摩擦焊缝的壳体。
图4所示的用于制造的装置52包括第一固定器54,聚碳酸酯的第一部分14被夹紧至其中,使得其不能相对于第一固定器54旋转。轴56布置在第一固定器54上,由此所述轴能够借助于旋转驱动器来驱动固定器以围绕旋转轴线R旋转。此外,第一固定器54能够以平移的方式沿着进给轴线Z朝向装置52的第二固定器58移动或者从其离开。
聚碳酸酯的第二部分18具有圆柱状盖的形状,第二部分18夹紧在装置的第二固定器58内。第二固定器58包括能够锁定防止旋转的旋转轴承。第二部分18具有第二壁24,第二壁24的夹套形状的内壁表面30具有起始圆柱状套管的形状且朝向第二壁24的远离端壁20的端部62成锥形地变宽。除了此种情形,第二壁24具有圆柱状套管的形状且是直的。具有圆柱状套管形状的第二壁24的第二内壁表面30在具有圆柱状套管形状的第二壁24的直的区域中具有第一内部直径I1。在呈锥形逐渐变细的端部62中,第二壁24具有第二内部直径I2,其中由于端部62处呈锥形倾斜的壁表面,在具有圆柱状套管形状的直的区域中第二内部直径I2大于第一内部直径I1。由于第二内部直径I2大于第一部分的外部直径A以及第二部分的呈锥形逐渐变细的形状,可能形成角度α的阻塞斜坡。优选地,α是最多3度。例如,灯可以布置在第二部分18内,灯的插座在图4中标处。
第一部分14和第二部分18优选地布置使得相对于彼此同轴。在示例性的实施例中,与旋转轴线R重合的第一部分L1和第二部分L2的纵向轴线之间,可存在平行的轴线偏移,或者纵向轴线L1和L2可以相对于彼此在不平行的方向上延伸。第一部分14具有第一壁22,该第一壁22具有外壁表面28,该外壁表面28具有圆柱状套管的形状,所述外壁表面28具有外部直径A。外部直径A优选地大于第一内部直径I1,即第一部分表示相对于第二部分的过盈配合。
例如,可以采用如图4所示的用于制造的装置52来执行用于制造壳体10的方法,如后文所描述的:
旋转轴承60被阻止旋转,且第一部分经第一固定器54、经轴56且经驱动马达以特定的旋转速度旋转。在示例性的实施例中,第一部分14沿着进给轴线Z移动,所述轴线平行于旋转轴线R以特定的供给速度向后朝向第二部分18延伸。在摩擦焊接过程期间,供给和旋转速度能够保持恒定或者变化。以第一部分14和第二部分18之间的一定相对距离开始,第一壁22和第二壁24开始彼此接触,且摩擦力引起内壁表面30和外壁表面28的材料的熔化。实施供给运动直至达到底部16与端壁20的期望距离。然后,使第一固定器54的旋转运动减速;在这样做时,能够消除旋转轴承60对抗旋转的阻止,使得第二固定器58也旋转,然而旋转全部达到停止。
本发明涉及壳体10,其具有第一部分14和第二部分18,第一部分14具有第一壁22和外壁表面28,第二部分18具有第二壁24和内壁表面30。壁表面能够在至少一些区段具有例如圆柱状套管形状。第一壁22和第二壁24的一部分在重叠区域26中重叠。第一壁22和第二壁24借助于设置在重叠区域26内的旋转摩擦焊缝32沿着壁表面28、30的周围被连接。旋转摩擦焊缝32具有紧凑区48和混合区44,紧凑区48具有第一弹性模量,混合区44具有不同的第二弹性模量。
附图标记列表
10壳体
12电操作设备/灯
14第一部分
16底部
18第二部分
20端壁
22第一壁
24第二壁
26重叠区域
28外壁表面
30内壁表面
32旋转摩擦焊缝
34***端部表面
36端壁的端部表面
38焊接区
40第一区段
42第二区段
44混合区
46轴向边缘区域
48紧凑区
50凹部/凹槽/兜部
52用于制造的装置
54第一固定器
56轴
58第二固定器
60旋转轴承
62端部
A外部直径
D径向厚度
I1第一内部直径
I2第二内部直径
L1第一部分的纵向轴线
L2第二部分的纵向轴线
R旋转轴线
S细节
Z进给轴线
α角度。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于电操作设备(12)的壳体(10),所述壳体(10):
具有第一部分(14),所述第一部分(14)具有第一壁(22),所述第一壁(22)具有外壁表面(28),以及
具有第二部分(18),所述第二部分(18)具有第二壁(24),所述第二壁(24)具有内壁表面(30),
其中所述第一壁(22)和所述第二壁(24)具有重叠区域(26),以及
其中所述第一部分(14)和所述第二部分(18)通过旋转摩擦焊缝(32)彼此连接,所述旋转摩擦焊缝(32)位于沿着所述壁表面(28、30)周围的所述重叠区域(26)内,
其中所述旋转摩擦焊缝(32)具有至少一个紧凑区(48)和一个混合区(44)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述旋转摩擦焊缝(32)的混合区(44)布置在所述重叠区域(26)的轴向边缘区域(46)内或布置在其上。
3.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述旋转摩擦焊缝(32)具有由紧凑区(48)沿着旋转轴线(R)分开的两个混合区(44)。
4.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述壳体配置以便于防爆,满足防压封装的防护等级(Ex-d)和/或增加安全性的防护等级(Ex-e)。
5.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其中所述第一部分(14)和/或所述第二部分(18)具有壁表面(28、30)中的多个凹槽或者兜部(50)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述第一部分(14)和/或第二部分(18)的多个所述凹槽(50)或兜部(50)沿着所述壁表面(28、30)的周围沿外周布置在所述重叠区域(26)中。
7.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其中,所述第一部分(14)或所述第二部分(18)是盖或者阻塞器。
8.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其中,所述第一壁(22)和/或所述第二壁(24)包括无定形塑料材料。
9.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述第一壁(22)和所述第二壁(24)包括不同的材料。
10.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述第一壁(22)和/或所述第二壁(24)包括聚碳酸酯。
11.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其中,所述第一壁(22)和/或所述第二壁(24)的壁表面(28、30)至少在所述重叠区域(26)内在至少一些区段中具有锥形形状。
12.根据权利要求11所述的壳体(10),其特征在于,所述锥形形状的特征在于角度(α)小于3度。
13.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的壳体(10),其中,所述第一部分(14)和所述第二部分(18)还在所述第一部分的一个端部表面(34、36)和所述第二部分的一个端部表面(34、36)处彼此焊接。
14.根据权利要求1-12中一项所述的壳体(10),其中,所述第一部分(14)和所述第二部分(18)沿着它们的周围仅通过所述壁表面(28、30)上的旋转摩擦焊缝来彼此连接,所述壁表面(28、30)具有圆柱状套管形状。
15.一种用于壳体(10)的制造的方法,特别是用于电操作设备(12)的壳体(10),其中,所述壳体(10)限定旋转轴线(R),所述壳体(10)具有第一部分(14)和第二部分(18),所述第一部分(14)具有第一壁(22),所述第一壁(22)具有外壁表面(28),以及
所述第二部分(18)具有第二壁(24),所述第二壁(24)具有内壁表面(30),以及
其中所述方法的特征在于,
所述第一壁(22)和所述第二壁(24)沿着它们的周围通过旋转摩擦焊接彼此连接,在这种情况下形成具有紧凑区(48)和混合区(44)的旋转摩擦焊缝(32)。
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KR (1) | KR102272129B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105228811B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2898157A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102013101727A1 (zh) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106513975A (zh) * | 2016-12-10 | 2017-03-22 | 南京理工大学 | 一种接触面无延展的金属焊合方法 |
CN110832716A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-02-21 | R.施塔尔开关设备有限责任公司 | 焊接的卸压装置 |
CN110948883A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 四川泛华航空仪表电器有限公司 | 一种自旋焊接的方法及端盖组件自旋焊接的方法 |
CN113001004A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于制造液压壳体的方法、液压壳体 |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN110014222A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-16 | 湖南坤鼎数控科技有限公司 | 摩擦焊机专用电气控制箱 |
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- 2014-02-05 CN CN201480009666.1A patent/CN105228811B/zh active Active
- 2014-02-05 PL PL14702858T patent/PL2958734T3/pl unknown
- 2014-02-05 US US14/769,523 patent/US10104786B2/en active Active
- 2014-02-05 KR KR1020157022419A patent/KR102272129B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-02-05 CA CA2898157A patent/CA2898157A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-02-05 WO PCT/EP2014/052262 patent/WO2014127996A2/de active Application Filing
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EP1255072A2 (de) * | 2001-05-04 | 2002-11-06 | R. Stahl Schaltgeräte GmbH | Wasserdichte rohrförmige Leuchte |
DE102006017170A1 (de) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | A. Raymond Et Cie | Fluidleitungsverbindungsteil |
WO2010026533A2 (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-11 | Robert Eichhorn | Conveyor idler |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106513975A (zh) * | 2016-12-10 | 2017-03-22 | 南京理工大学 | 一种接触面无延展的金属焊合方法 |
CN110832716A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-02-21 | R.施塔尔开关设备有限责任公司 | 焊接的卸压装置 |
CN110832716B (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2022-04-29 | R.施塔尔开关设备有限责任公司 | 焊接的卸压装置 |
CN110948883A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 四川泛华航空仪表电器有限公司 | 一种自旋焊接的方法及端盖组件自旋焊接的方法 |
CN113001004A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于制造液压壳体的方法、液压壳体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR102272129B1 (ko) | 2021-07-01 |
EP2958734B1 (de) | 2018-09-26 |
CA2898157A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
US10104786B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
WO2014127996A2 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
WO2014127996A3 (de) | 2014-11-06 |
CN105228811B (zh) | 2018-07-27 |
KR20150120371A (ko) | 2015-10-27 |
DE102013101727A1 (de) | 2014-09-04 |
US20160001497A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
EP2958734A2 (de) | 2015-12-30 |
PL2958734T3 (pl) | 2018-12-31 |
ES2693200T3 (es) | 2018-12-10 |
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