CN105221165B - Microcapsules are from fireproof tunnel concrete lining - Google Patents
Microcapsules are from fireproof tunnel concrete lining Download PDFInfo
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- CN105221165B CN105221165B CN201510657437.7A CN201510657437A CN105221165B CN 105221165 B CN105221165 B CN 105221165B CN 201510657437 A CN201510657437 A CN 201510657437A CN 105221165 B CN105221165 B CN 105221165B
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Abstract
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on microcapsules technology from fireproof tunnel concrete lining structure, including common layer and from fireprotection layer, the common layer is conventional concrete layer, described to be made up of from fireprotection layer the concrete that fiber and hot melt microcapsules are split mixed with reinforcing fiber, antiknock, the hot melt microcapsules include capsule shell and the internal fire extinguishing medium filled.Compared with ordinary reinforced concrete liner structure, under conditions of not changing physical dimension, not reducing structural strength and rigidity, the present invention gives full play to the fire resistance property of tunnel lining structure itself, realize explosion-proof synchronous with heat-insulated, fire prevention and the automatic fire prevention under synergy and the fire hazard thermal triggering of carrying, good endurance, long-term economic high efficiency, it is adapted to the life cycle management fire protection design of lining concrete in tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lining concrete in tunnel structure, more particularly to a kind of microcapsules from fireproof tunnel concrete
Liner structure.
Background technology
Fire is one of major casualty for threatening tunnel safety operation.More than the 100 great tunnel fire hazard occurred both at home and abroad
(the big Bel spy's tunnel construction site fire of such as Denmark in 1994 in accident；Great Britain and France's chunnel fire in 1996；Shanxi in 2014
Tunnel fire hazard etc. after the Ji high speed rock of Shanxi), because fire temperature high (up to more than 1000 DEG C), programming rate (have thermal shock soon
The characteristics of), the duration length, big fire not only cause heaviness casualties and facility damage, and to liner structure produce
Serious damage and destruction (Fig. 1), such as concrete explosive spalling, protective layer peeling, reinforcing bar exposure failure, concrete durability
Reduction and the deterioration of liner structure mechanical property etc., the security of tunnel lining structure is seriously reduced, or even can be because of stratum water
Native load increases the superposition of (high temperature causes) and causes tunnel to collapse.
The essence (" because ") that fire damages to tunnel-liner is that amount of heat caused by fire passes through heat radiation and thermal convection current
Mode be passed in tunnel lining structure, form change rapid, the great unstable state of the temperature difference, uneven temperature field, enter
And cause lining concrete continuous explosion peel off (and it significantly changes the distribution characteristics in temperature field), mechanical property it is continuous
Deterioration, the gradual development accumulation of uneven thermal stress and deformation, finally, cause the notable bad of liner structure bearing capacity and reliability
Change (" fruit " of Fire-damaged).Therefore, how effectively heat-insulated and explosion-proof is tunnel lining structure fireproof key.
At present, tunnel lining structure fire safety problem is directed to both at home and abroad, the groundwork of development and the method for formation have：
(1) fire-proof and thermal-insulation barrier is established on lining cutting surface：By apply fire-proof plate, fire prevention spray paint or similar material structure every
The hot load that thermodynamic barrier weakening is applied to lining cutting surface is method commonly used at present, can effectively reduce concrete surface temperature
Spend, avoid explosive spalling.
(2) adding of fiber in lining concrete：The probability and the order of severity of concrete explosive spalling and heating rate, coagulation
The permeability and water content of soil, reinforcing bar configuration and loading status are closely related.By in lining concrete entire body or inner side one
Determining admixture single fiber (such as polypropylene fibre) or assorted fibre (steel fibre+polypropylene fibre) in thickness can weaken or eliminate
Concrete explosive spalling, improve its performance degradation.
(3) concrete material characteristic and admixture additive are improved：From heat endurance is good, coefficient of thermal expansion is small, rough surface
Deng aggregate and add slag, silicon ash, phase-changing energy storage material etc. in cement mixing material and can improve the anti-of lining concrete
Burst, improve fire resistance.
In addition, also have using increasing section size (including increase thickness of protection tier, apply two linings etc.) and lining cutting by
Fiery side increases the methods of extra reinforcing bar or bar-mat reinforcement to improve lined with refractory ability, mitigate lining cutting explosive spalling damages；And after installation
Injection water, which trickles through reduction lining cutting surface temperature, prevents Spallation of Concrete.
Due to the particularity of tunnel environment, problem and shortage existing for current research is mainly reflected in：
1. relying primarily on " external strength " fireproofing passiveness, the fire resistance property of tunnel lining structure itself is not given full play to.Apply
The methods of mineral wool plate, fire prevention spray paint, Water spray, is both needed to carry out fireproofing passiveness by the strength beyond liner structure itself, and preceding
Both can block lining cutting surface, hinder timely monitoring and health of the operation phase to liner structure disease (surface seep, cracking etc.)
The assessment of service state；In addition, under vehicle exhaust, moist infiltration, piston blast or Traffic loading effect, easily come off
Or failure；Due to the limitation of technical merit, existing fire-proof plate and the requirement that spray paint is difficult to meet the engineering life-cycle of preventing fires, such as
100 years, generally require and updated 2-3 times in the total life cycle of engineering, add maintenance cost.
2. fail effectively to realize that explosion-proof is synchronous with heat-insulated.The method of some foregoing explosion-proofs can effectively control coagulation
The explosive spalling of soil, but can not effectively weaken transmission of the heat to tunnel-liner.
3. fail effectively to realize the synergy of fire prevention and carrying.It is low to fill the concrete strength of phase-changing energy storage material, holds
Loading capability is weak；And the heat shield such as fire-proof plate can not be as effective bearing part of liner structure.
4. fail effectively to realize the automatic fire prevention under fire hazard thermal triggering.
5. in order to install fire-proof plate and fire prevention spray paint, it is necessary to expand tunnel excavation section, construction costs and work are added
Cheng Liang.It is estimated that installation fire-proof plate, fireproof coating can cause tunnel diameter to increase 8-10cm, workload is excavated in corresponding increase
1.5%-2%；In addition, using fire-proof plate and fire prevention spray paint when can influence tunnel inner blower, signal facility, traffic lights, monitoring
The installation of equipment etc..
6. fire-proof plate and fire prevention spray paint installation (spraying) add the engineering construction time.
The content of the invention
In view of the above the shortcomings that prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of microcapsules certainly
Fireproof tunnel concrete lining structure so that under conditions of physical dimension is not changed, do not reduce structural strength and rigidity, fully
Play the fire resistance property of tunnel lining structure itself, realize explosion-proof is synchronous with heat-insulated, fire prevention and the synergy that carries with
And the automatic fire prevention under fire hazard thermal triggering.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of microcapsules from fireproof tunnel concrete lining structure, including common
Layer and from fireprotection layer, the common layer be conventional concrete or reinforced concrete floor, it is described from fireprotection layer by mixed with the micro- glue of hot melt
The conventional concrete that fiber is split in capsule, reinforcing fiber and antiknock is formed, and the hot melt microcapsules include single or multiple lift capsule shell
With the fire extinguishing medium of inside filling.
Preferably, the common layer and formed from fireprotection layer formed by integrally casting.
Preferably, the capsule shell by animal gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, melamine formaldehyde polymer, acrylic resin,
Polyurethane rubber, polyureas, uramit, synthetic wax, cellulose acetate-butyrate, vinyl acetate co-polymer, Lauxite class and
One or more in dicyclopentadiene are mixed.
Preferably, the fire extinguishing medium includes high temperature foamed flame retardant system and expanded graphite.
Preferably, the high temperature foamed flame retardant system includes carbonifying catalyst, foaming agent, carbon forming agent.
Preferably, the reinforcing fiber is steel fibre, glass fibre, carbon fiber, boron fibre, ceramic fibre.
Preferably, the reinforcing fiber is being less than 2% from the volume volume of fireprotection layer.
Preferably, it is fine for various sizes of polypropylene fibre, vinal, polyacrylonitrile to split fiber for the antiknock
Dimension, Fypro, aramid fiber, Orlon fiber, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, vinylon fiber, polyimide fiber.
Preferably, it is characterised in that：The antiknock splits fiber and is being less than 2% from the volume volume in fireprotection layer.
Preferably, hot melt microcapsules, reinforcing fiber and the antiknock are split fiber and stirred, and are highly dispersed at from fireprotection layer
Concrete in.
As described above, the lining concrete in tunnel structure of the present invention having from fire protecting performance, realizes explosion-proof
, fire prevention synchronous with heat-insulated and the automatic fire prevention under synergy and the fire hazard thermal triggering of carrying, specifically, have following
Beneficial effect：
1. the fire resistance property of tunnel lining structure itself is given full play to.With by apply fire-proof plate, fire prevention spray paint, water
The externalist methodologies such as spray are compared, and this present invention only relies on structure itself and realizes fire prevention.
2. realize that explosion-proof is synchronous with heat-insulated.The present invention can not only suppress the generation of explosion, and from fireprotection layer and
The twice refractory insulating layer being made up of fire extinguishing medium can be realized good heat-insulated.
3. realize the synergy of fire prevention and carrying.Compared with installation fire-proof plate and fire prevention spray paint, tunnel of the invention
Concrete lining structure from fireprotection layer in addition to as flame retardant coating, while external load is undertaken together with common layer, therefore need not
Lining cutting is thickened, is entered without increasing tunnel excavation section.
4. effectively realize the structure automatic fire prevention under fire hazard thermal triggering.In the case of normal operation, the present invention from fireprotection layer with
Common layer undertakes external loads effect together；When a fire, under the triggering of high temperature, anti-lighter is triggered automatically from fireprotection layer
System, realizes automatic fire prevention.
5. compared with installation fire-proof plate and fire prevention spray paint, lining concrete in tunnel structure of the invention can meet engineering
The requirement of life-cycle, updated without midway, there is provided construct and split ability to the whole fire-and explosion-proof of operation.
6. compared with installation fire-proof plate and fire prevention spray paint method, the present invention will not block lining cutting surface, not influence to run
The assessment of timely monitoring and healthy service state of the phase to such as liner structure disease surface seep, crackings；In addition, given up in vehicle
Under gas, moist infiltration, piston blast or Traffic loading effect, it also will not fall off or fail.
7. the reparation of concrete on fire tunnel structure and reorganize traffic and need to spend substantial amounts of man power and material, particularly pair
Impaired lining cutting (such as section of jurisdiction, Joints in Immersed Tunnel) under high hydraulic condition, change, repair it is extremely difficult, in some cases
It can not even repair.Fire-damaged region is limited in from fireprotection layer scope by the present invention, realizes that structure fire is damaged controllable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing at A in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing at B in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 be the present invention under high temperature of fire from fireproofing mechanism schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the enlarged drawing at C in Fig. 4
Fig. 6 is the first embodiment schematic diagram when the present invention is applied to tunnel structure.
Fig. 7 is second of embodiment schematic diagram when the present invention is applied to tunnel structure.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram when present invention is applied to girder construction.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram when present invention is applied to rod structure.
Component label instructions
1 common layer
2 from fireprotection layer
21 hot melt microcapsules
211 capsule shells
212 fire extinguishing mediums
22 reinforcing fibers
Fiber is split in 23 antiknocks
24 conventional concretes
3 fire extinguishing mediums
4 concrete self compounding thermal insulation layers
41 thermic cracks
42 netted passages
5 high temperature of fire
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by particular specific embodiment below, those skilled in the art can be by this explanation
Content disclosed by book understands other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.
It should be clear that structure, ratio, size depicted in this specification institute accompanying drawings etc., only coordinating specification to be taken off
The content shown, so that those skilled in the art understands and reads, the enforceable qualifications of the present invention are not limited to, therefore
Do not have technical essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size, do not influenceing the present invention
Under the effect of can be generated and the purpose that can reach, it all should still fall and obtain the model that can cover in disclosed technology contents
In enclosing.Meanwhile cited such as " on ", " under ", "left", "right", the term of " centre " in this specification, it is merely convenient to chat
That states understands, and is not used to limit the enforceable scope of the present invention, and its relativeness is altered or modified, and skill is being changed without essence
Held in art, when being also considered as the enforceable category of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of microcapsules from fireproof tunnel concrete lining structure, including common
Layer 1 and from fireprotection layer 2, the common layer 1 are conventional concrete or reinforced concrete floor, it is described from fireprotection layer 2 by mixed with hot melt
The conventional concrete that fiber 23 is split in microcapsules 21, reinforcing fiber 22 and antiknock is formed, and the hot melt microcapsules 21 are included under high temperature
The fire prevention of expandable expansion heat-insulating flame-retardant is situated between at a high temperature of the single or multiple lift capsule shell 211 of fusible rupture and internal filling
Matter 212.Preferably, the common layer 1 and formed from the formed by integrally casting of fireprotection layer 2, be effective supporting part of structure from fireprotection layer 2
Divide, the effect of external loads is cooperatively born with common layer 1.Preferably, the hot melt microcapsule shell 211 is bright by animal
Glue, polyvinyl alcohol, melamine formaldehyde polymer, acrylic resin, polyurethane rubber, polyureas, uramit, synthetic wax, second
Sour cellulose butyrate, vinyl acetate co-polymer, Lauxite class, dicyclopentadiene etc. are made, and can be melted under high temperature action
Rupture, discharge the fire extinguishing medium 212 of internal filling.Preferably, it is described hot melt microcapsules inside filling fire extinguishing medium 212 by
High temperature foamed flame retardant system, expanded graphite etc. are made, and the high temperature foamed flame retardant system generally comprises carbonifying catalyst, hair
Infusion, carbon forming agent, physical-chemical reaction and expanded foamed can occur at high temperature for the fire extinguishing medium 212, from fireprotection layer
Portion and structure counter-fire face form heat-insulating, fire-preventing layer, sprawling of the high temperature to common layer are prevented, due to the protection of microcapsule shell so that
Fire extinguishing medium is in stable environment, avoids moisture in concrete, chemical group is graded influence of the environmental factor to fire extinguishing medium,
Ensure the long-term effectiveness of fire extinguishing medium, meanwhile, it also avoid influence of the fire extinguishing medium to Physical And Mechanical Properties of Concrete.It is preferred that
Ground, the reinforcing fiber 22 are steel fibre, glass fibre, carbon fiber, boron fibre, ceramic fibre etc., from the body in fireprotection layer 2
Product volume is less than 2%, for making up the mechanical properties decrease such as concrete strength, rigidity caused by microcapsules 21 mix.
Preferably, the antiknock splits fiber 23 by various sizes of polypropylene fibre, vinal, polyacrylonitrile fibre, polyamides
Amine fiber, aramid fiber, Orlon fiber, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, vinylon fiber, polyimide fiber etc., preventing fires certainly
Volume volume in layer 2 is less than 2%, and dissipation can be melted under high temperature action, for avoiding explosive spalling and the peeling of concrete,
Meanwhile in the netted passage that different scale is formed from the concrete of fireprotection layer 2, fire extinguishing medium 212 provides sprawling passage.It is preferred that
Ground, hot melt microcapsules 21, reinforcing fiber 22 and the antiknock are split fiber 23 and stirred, be highly dispersed at from the mixed of fireprotection layer 2
In solidifying soil.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, it is of the invention to be from fireproofing mechanism：
1. during fire, reinforcing fiber and antiknock are split fiber and avoided from the explosive spalling of concrete and peeling in fireprotection layer 2；
Meanwhile the antiknock after melting splits fiber 22 (for example, polypropylene fibre heats at 160 DEG C) in the conventional coagulation from fireprotection layer 2
The netted passage 42 of different scale is formd in soil 24；
2. due to the heat triggering of high temperature of fire 5, the melt fracture at high temperature of shell 211 of microcapsules 21 is heated, inside it
Physical-chemical reaction occurs at high temperature for the fire extinguishing medium 212 of encapsulation, and expanded foamed heat absorption is consumed energy, anti-after physical-chemical reaction
Fire fill concrete thermic crack 41 and foregoing netted passage 42 under driving of the medium 3 in foamed gas, and along these passages
Overflow, lining cutting from the surface of fireprotection layer 2 constitute first have enclosed construction by reacted fire extinguishing medium 3 form every
Thermosphere.
3. the lining cutting for the peeling that do not burst is from fireprotection layer damaged concrete together with anti-after the physical-chemical reaction filled therebetween
Fiery medium 3, which constitutes second, has heat-insulated and certain bearing capacity concrete itself thermal insulation layer 4.
The compound heat-insulation barrier of both formation of the thermal insulation layer of fire extinguishing medium 3 and concrete itself thermal insulation layer 4, it is common to suppress common
The temperature rise of 1 concrete of layer and high-temperature damage, realize liner structure under hot trigger condition from preventing fires, and explosion-proof with
Heat-insulated synchronization.
4. under normal temperature, the humidification of fiber is split by reinforcing fiber and antiknock, compensate for because hot melt microcapsules 21 are mixed
Concrete performance caused by entering declines, from fireprotection layer 2 and common layer 1 can shared Water And Earth Pressures load, realize lining cutting
Structure fire and the synergy of carrying.
Compared with ordinary reinforced concrete liner structure, do not changing physical dimension, do not reducing structural strength and rigidity
Under the conditions of, the present invention gives full play to the fire resistance property of tunnel lining structure itself, realize explosion-proof synchronous with heat-insulated, fire prevention and
Automatic fire prevention under synergy and the fire hazard thermal triggering of carrying, good endurance, long-term economic high efficiency, is adapted to tunnel coagulation
The life cycle management fire protection design of native lining cutting.
In addition, the present invention is except for tunnel lining structure (as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7), it can also be used to the building knot such as beam, post
Structure realizes preventing fires certainly for structure (as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9).Now, from fireprotection layer according to structure by condition of a fire condition, can be one side, double
Face, three faces or multiaspect etc. arrange form.
In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming of the prior art and has high industrial utilization.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, not for the limitation present invention.It is any ripe
Know the personage of this technology all can carry out modifications and changes under the spirit and scope without prejudice to the present invention to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, those of ordinary skill in the art is complete without departing from disclosed spirit and institute under technological thought such as
Into all equivalent modifications or change, should by the present invention claim be covered.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of microcapsules are from fireproof tunnel concrete lining structure, it is characterised in that including common layer (1) and from fireprotection layer
(2), the common layer (1) be conventional concrete or reinforced concrete floor, it is described from fireprotection layer (2) by mixed with heating microcapsules
(21), the conventional concrete composition of fiber (23) is split in reinforcing fiber (22) and antiknock, and the hot melt microcapsules (21) include individual layer
Or multilayer capsule shell (211) and the fire extinguishing medium (212) of internal filling；The common layer (1) and integrally poured from fireprotection layer (2)
Build and form；The fire extinguishing medium (212) includes high temperature foamed flame retardant system and expanded graphite.
2. lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The capsule shell (211) is by moving
Thing gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, melamine formaldehyde polymer, acrylic resin, polyurethane rubber, polyureas, uramit, synthesis
One or more mixing systems in wax, cellulose acetate-butyrate, vinyl acetate co-polymer, Lauxite class and dicyclopentadiene
Into.
3. lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The high temperature foamed flame retardant system bag
Include carbonifying catalyst, foaming agent, carbon forming agent.
4. lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The reinforcing fiber (22) is that steel is fine
Dimension, glass fibre, carbon fiber, boron fibre, ceramic fibre.
5. the lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that：The reinforcing fiber (22) exists
It is less than 2% from the volume volume in fireprotection layer (2).
6. lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The antiknock splits fiber (23) for not
With the polypropylene fibre of size, vinal, polyacrylonitrile fibre, Fypro, aramid fiber, Orlon fiber, poly-
Ester fiber, nylon fiber, vinylon fiber, polyimide fiber.
7. the lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that：Fiber (23) is split in the antiknock
It is being less than 2% from the volume volume in fireprotection layer (2).
8. lining concrete in tunnel structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The hot melt microcapsules (21), increase
Strong fiber (22) and antiknock are split fiber (23) and stirred, and are highly dispersed at from the concrete of fireprotection layer (2).
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| CN201510657437.7A CN105221165B (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2015-10-12 | Microcapsules are from fireproof tunnel concrete lining |
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| CN201510657437.7A CN105221165B (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2015-10-12 | Microcapsules are from fireproof tunnel concrete lining |
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| CN105221165B true CN105221165B (en) | 2017-12-08 |
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| US10011055B2 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-07-03 | The Boeing Company | Force responsive pre-impregnated composite methods, systems and apparatuses |
| CN107777912A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院 | A kind of lining concrete in tunnel structure special fireproof fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN106630791B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-01-25 | 同济大学 | From fire-proof cement based composites |
| CN106761817B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2020-01-31 | 同济大学 | Shield tunnel self-interacting fire prevention lining segment structure |
| CN106977134B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2019-08-06 | 同济大学 | A kind of microcapsules water-permeable brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN108238806A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-03 | 中国建筑工程（香港）有限公司 | refractory concrete immersed tube tunnel |
| CN108590708A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-28 | 华南理工大学 | The prosthetic device and method of fiber concrete tunnel-liner after a kind of high-temperature damage |
| CN109650789B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-08-27 | 同济大学 | Self-fireproof material, self-fireproof layer formed by self-fireproof material and fireproof lining structure |
| CN112195967A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-08 | 香港理工大学深圳研究院 | Concrete composite member based on FRP grid and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112095660A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-18 | 香港理工大学深圳研究院 | Box body structure based on FRP grid and preparation method thereof |
| CN112983468A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-06-18 | 重庆交通大学 | Self-heat-preservation anti-freezing lining structure of traffic tunnel in seasonal frozen soil area |
| CN113464191B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2024-01-23 | 太原理工大学 | High-strength composite phase-change shell temperature-sensitive resistor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114961783A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-30 | 中铁四局集团第四工程有限公司 | Fiber concrete duct piece suitable for passing through heavy-duty traffic line and manufacturing method |
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