CN105218459B - 苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN105218459B
CN105218459B CN201510745396.7A CN201510745396A CN105218459B CN 105218459 B CN105218459 B CN 105218459B CN 201510745396 A CN201510745396 A CN 201510745396A CN 105218459 B CN105218459 B CN 105218459B
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benzimidazole
matal deactivator
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赵耀洪
钱艺华
苏伟
张丽
陈天生
范圣平
付强
卢国华
刘世念
张宏亮
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Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D235/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
    • C07D235/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D235/04Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
    • C07D235/06Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/44Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M133/46Imidazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224Imidazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators

Abstract

本发明涉及一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂及其制备方法和应用。该苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂具有如下结构特征,具有该结构特征的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,较现有技术具有更好的热稳定性和钝化效果,能够有效阻止绝缘油中腐蚀性硫腐蚀导体金属,提高电器使用的安全性,可以广泛应用于电力变压器、配电变压器或电抗器等电器设备。

Description

苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及金属钝化剂领域,特别是涉及一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
绝缘油-固体绝缘纸绝缘体系由于价格低、性能良好,而广泛应用于电力变压器、配电变压器和电抗器,该体系的介电强度强烈依赖于其绝缘特性。
目前大部分绝缘油中含有腐蚀性硫,腐蚀性硫与变压器的铜导体发生化学反应,会形成绝缘性能较差的硫化亚铜。硫化亚铜的产生会降低起始局部放电水平,在高场强下或者瞬变电流下,局部放电会使固体绝缘纸降解而导致故障产生。而在极端情况下,硫化亚铜大量产生,受污染的绕组渗透、污染固体绝缘纸,使其绝缘强度下降,最终匝间绝缘击穿,局部放热过高导致事故的发生。
处理腐蚀性硫绝缘油的措施包括绝缘油的再生和在绝缘油中添加金属钝化剂。绝缘油的再生技术是利用吸附剂对极性物质例如腐蚀性硫进行吸附,但由于传统吸附剂处理效果不佳,而新型吸附剂的成本过高,实际利用该方法较少;另一种方法是往绝缘油中添加苯丙三氮唑类金属钝化剂,金属钝化剂与导体铜反应,在其表面形成钝化膜,从而阻止腐蚀性硫对铜表面的腐蚀,该方法成本较低,实际操作方便,已经得到广泛的应用。
然而,目前的苯并三氮唑类金属钝化剂的热稳定性较差,对添加了金属钝化剂后的绝缘油进行回收测试其剩余含量时,发现金属钝化剂的消耗较快,钝化抗腐蚀效果难以保证。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种稳定且钝化抗腐蚀效果好的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂。
具有式(I)结构特征的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂:
R1、R2分别任选自:C1~C6直链或支链烷基,H,-OR5,-CONR5R6,-COOR5
其中,R5任选自:Me,Et,Pr,Bu;
R6任选自:Me,Et,Pr,Bu;
R3、R4分别任选自:C1~C8直链或支链烷基,或,
所述R3、R4与氮原子形成取代或未取代的杂环基。
在其中一个实施例中,
R1、R2分别任选自:甲基,H,-OCH3,-CONBu2,-COOEt;
R3、R4分别任选自:丁基,异辛基;或,
所述杂环基为
在其中一个实施例中,任选自如下化合物:
本发明所述的“Bu”可任选自:正丁基(n-Bu)、仲丁基(s-Bu)、异丁基(i-Bu)或叔丁基(t-Bu);
所述“Pr”为正丙基或异丙基。
本发明还提供所述的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
取苯并咪唑化合物,加入溶剂搅拌溶解后,加入甲醛与二取代胺,室温搅拌6-8h,然后加热至回流,反应11-13h,对反应液进行萃取,浓缩,干燥,即得所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,其中,
所述苯并咪唑化合物为:
所述二取代胺为:
所述苯并咪唑化合物、甲醛与二取代胺的摩尔比为1:1.3-2.0:1.1-1.8。溶剂的用量可使苯并咪唑化合物溶解即可。
在其中一个实施例中,所述溶剂为***、乙醇、甲醇、氯仿中的一种或多种混合。
本发明还提供所述的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂在绝缘油中的应用。
在其中一个实施例中,以绝缘油为10000重量份计算,所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的添加量为0.5-2.5重量份。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
具有本发明所述结构特征的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,较现有技术具有更好的热稳定性和钝化效果,能够有效阻止绝缘油中腐蚀性硫腐蚀导体金属,提高电器使用的安全性,可以广泛应用于电力变压器、配电变压器或电抗器等电器设备。
本发明所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法简单,成本低,适用于工业应用。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂及其制备方法和应用作进一步详细的说明。
本发明所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法可由如下方程式表示:
实施例1
本实施例一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,结构如下:
上述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在氮气保护下,将苯并咪唑11.8g加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇搅拌溶解,接着加入N,N-二丁基胺16.7g和质量浓度37%的甲醛水溶液(其中甲醛的量为0.18mol)。室温搅拌7小时后出现两相,接着加入适量***使有机相水相混为同相,加热回流12h。TLC检测反应结束后,将混合物倒入冰块中,用***萃取五遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤后,滤液转移到圆底烧瓶中,减压浓缩,并在真空下进行干燥得到接近无色产物。化合物结构经过核磁谱图进行确定。1H(DMSO-d6)δ:8.16(s,1H),7.59(m,2H),7.26(m,2H),4.80(s,2H),2.36(m,4H),1.31-1.36(m,8H),0.90(t,6H)。
实施例2
本实施例一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,结构如下:
上述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在氮气保护下,将5-甲基苯并咪唑13.2g加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇搅拌溶解,接着加入哌啶10.2g和质量浓度37%的甲醛水溶液(其中甲醛的量为0.15mol)。室温搅拌7小时后出现两相,接着加入***使有机相水相混为同相,加热回流12h。TLC检测反应结束后,将混合物倒入冰块中,用***萃取五遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠进行干燥。过滤后,滤液转移到圆底烧瓶中,减压浓缩,并在真空下进行干燥得到接近无色产物。化合物结构经过核磁谱图进行确定。1H(DMSO-d6)δ:8.16(s,1H),7.54(m,1H),7.43-7.47(m,2H),4.80(s,2H),2.45(m,4H),2.34(s,3H),1.53-1.59(m,6H)。
实施例3
本实施例一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,结构如下:
上述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在氮气保护下,将5,6-二甲基苯并咪唑14.6加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇搅拌溶解,接着加入N,N-二异辛基胺31.3g和质量浓度37%的甲醛水溶液(其中甲醛的量为0.14mol)。室温搅拌7小时后出现两相,接着加入***使有机相水相混为同相,加热回流13h。TLC检测反应结束后,将混合物倒入冰块中,用***萃取五遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠进行干燥。过滤后,滤液转移到圆底烧瓶中,减压浓缩,并在真空下进行干燥得到接近无色产物。化合物结构经过核磁谱图进行确定。1H(DMSO-d6)δ:8.16(s,1H),7.31(m,2H),4.80(s,2H),2.44(m,2H),2.34(s,6H),2.19(m,2H),1.89(m,2H),1.25-1.31(m,16H),0.96(m,6H),0.88(t,6H)。
实施例4
本实施例一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,结构如下:
上述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在氮气保护下,将N,N-二丁基-苯并咪唑-5-甲酰胺27.3g加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇搅拌溶解,接着加入N,N-二丁基胺16.7g和质量浓度37%的甲醛水溶液(其中甲醛的量为0.18mol)。室温搅拌7小时后出现两相,接着加入适量***使有机相水相混为同相,加热回流11h。TLC检测反应结束后,将混合物倒入冰块中,用***萃取五遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤后,滤液转移到圆底烧瓶中,减压浓缩,并在真空下进行干燥得到接近无色产物。化合物结构经过核磁谱图进行确定。1H(DMSO-d6)δ:8.16(s,1H),8.11(m,1H),7.64-7.72(m,2H),4.80(s,2H),3.20(m,4H),2.46(m,4H),1.56(m,4H),1.31-1.36(m,12H),0.90(t,12H)。
实施例5
本实施例一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,结构如下:
上述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在氮气保护下,将5-甲氧基苯并咪唑14.8g加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇搅拌溶解,接着加入N,N-二丁基胺16.7g和质量浓度37%的甲醛水溶液(其中甲醛的量为0.18mol)。室温搅拌7小时后出现两相,接着加入适量***使有机相水相混为同相,加热回流12h。TLC检测反应结束后,将混合物倒入冰块中,用***萃取五遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤后,滤液转移到圆底烧瓶中,减压浓缩,并在真空下进行干燥得到接近无色产物。化合物结构经过核磁谱图进行确定。1H(DMSO-d6)δ:8.16(s,1H),8.11(m,1H),7.64-7.72(m,2H),4.80(s,2H),3.20(m,4H),2.46(m,4H),1.56(m,4H),1.31-1.36(m,12H),0.90(t,12H)。
实施例6
本实施例一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,结构如下:
上述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在氮气保护下,将苯并咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯19.0g加入到干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL甲醇搅拌溶解,接着加入N,N-二丁基胺16.7g和质量浓度37%的甲醛水溶液(其中甲醛的量为0.18mol)。室温搅拌7小时后出现两相,接着加入适量***使有机相水相混为同相,加热回流12h。TLC检测反应结束后,将混合物倒入冰块中,用***萃取五遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤后,滤液转移到圆底烧瓶中,减压浓缩,并在真空下进行干燥得到接近无色产物。化合物结构经过核磁谱图进行确定。1H(DMSO-d6)δ:8.16(s,1H),8.13(m,1H),7.74(m,1H),7.57(m,1H),4.80(s,2H),4.30(q,2H),2.46(m,4H),1.31-1.36(m,8H),1.29(t,3H),0.90(t,6H)。
实施例1-6所述的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂中的使用方法为:
以绝缘油为10000重量份计算,所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂一种或多种混合物的添加量为0.5-2.5重量份,将金属钝化剂与绝缘油混合后,通过常规油处理装置加入到变压器、电抗器本体中即可。
实施例7
(1)热稳定性分析
将实施例1-6所述的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂以及现有的苯并三氮唑类金属钝化剂进行热重分析,结果如表1所示:
表1
试样 失重范围
苯并三氮唑类金属钝化剂 127~194℃
实施例1 148~266℃
实施例2 172~274℃
实施例3 208~297℃
实施例4 248~380℃
实施例5 140~250℃
实施例6 150~260℃
(2)抗腐蚀性分析
实验用油分别含有苯并三氮唑类金属钝化剂或者实施例1-6所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂100mg/kg,再分别加入二苄基二硫醚200mg/kg。接着将裸铜片浸没在油中,容器经过氩气吹扫3分钟,保证体系在惰性气体气氛中。反应容器盖子拧紧,避免与空气发生交换。实验容器放在老化箱中,维持老化温度150℃,反应时间72小时。老化反应后,实验容器冷却到室温,打开反应容器盖子,用镊子取出铜片,并浸泡在石油醚或者正己烷中去掉油污。每组实验平均进行两次试验。观察铜片表面的颜色变化,并且通过表面分析技术扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDX)确定铜片表面的硫元素含量,结果如表2所示:
表2
试样 硫元素含量
苯并三氮唑类金属钝化剂 0.84%
实施例1 0.4%
实施例2 0.32%
实施例3 0.15%
实施例4 0.66%
实施例5 0.3%
实施例6 0.4%
综上可见,本发明所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂具有较现有技术更好的热稳定性及抗腐蚀钝化效果,能够有效阻止绝缘油中腐蚀性硫腐蚀导体金属,提高电器使用的安全性,可以广泛应用于电力变压器、配电变压器或电抗器等电器设备。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,其特征在于,任选自如下化合物:
2.权利要求1所述的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
取苯并咪唑化合物,加入溶剂搅拌溶解后,加入甲醛与二取代胺,室温搅拌6-8h,然后加热至回流,反应11-13h,对反应液进行萃取,浓缩,干燥,即得所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂,其中,
所述苯并咪唑化合物为所述二取代胺为或,
所述苯并咪唑化合物为所述二取代胺为或,
所述苯并咪唑化合物为所述二取代胺为或,
所述苯并咪唑化合物为所述二取代胺为
所述苯并咪唑化合物、甲醛与二取代胺的摩尔比为1:1.3-2.0:1.1-1.8。
3.根据权利要求2所述的苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为***、乙醇、甲醇、氯仿中的一种或多种混合。
4.苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂在绝缘油中的应用,其特征在于,所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂任选自如下化合物:
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,以绝缘油为10000重量份计算,所述苯并咪唑类金属钝化剂的添加量为0.5-2.5重量份。
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JP2000265189A (ja) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-26 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp さび止め油組成物

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