CN105211641A - 宠物食品组合物 - Google Patents
宠物食品组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105211641A CN105211641A CN201510717591.9A CN201510717591A CN105211641A CN 105211641 A CN105211641 A CN 105211641A CN 201510717591 A CN201510717591 A CN 201510717591A CN 105211641 A CN105211641 A CN 105211641A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种宠物食品组合物,其具有占该配方的至少7重量%量的氨基酸和占该配方的小于大约1重量%的磷。该宠物食品配方包含至少一种n-3脂肪酸和至少一种n-6脂肪酸。
Description
本申请是申请日为2008年12月22日,申请号为200880121931.X(国际申请号为PCT/US2008/087966),发明名称为“宠物食品组合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本申请要求2007年12月21日申请的US临时申请No.61/015800的权益,其在此以其全部引入作为用于全部目的之参考。
发明背景
本发明通常涉及到宠物食品,更具体的涉及到猫食品。理想的健康很可能的作用在于降低动物生命后期的变性疾病的风险和延迟其开始出现的时间。长期氧化应激与变性疾病例如心脏病,癌症和糖尿病的发展有关。氧化应激被归因于氧化剂和抗氧化剂的失衡,该氧化剂例如是常规代谢副产物的自由基。提高动物的抗氧化剂状况能够潜在的延长不生病的寿命和提高生命质量。饮食维生素E已经表现出能够保持或者提高狗的抗氧化剂状况。饮食抗氧化剂在年老的狗体内已经表现出能够提高猫和狗的感知能力。
保持健康的肾,心血管***和眼睛对于确保生命质量和长寿来说是重要的。炎症导致急性肾损伤。鱼油包含了具有消炎性质的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA),例如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。此外,鱼油已经显示出能够通过它的抗心律失常效果来预防冠心病,致命的心肌梗塞和心脏猝死。理想的体重和身体组成在降低关节和韧带应力方面能够起到作用,因此降低了形成骨关节炎的风险。鱼油被认为能够缓解与关节炎有关的疾病。
具有充足的营养物质供给的理想营养是保持健康和减少早期形成变性疾病风险的基础所在。当谈论健康和老年健康时,人们必须考虑整个动物它的器官、神经网络和传输路径的复杂***。
长期氧化应激与变性疾病例如心脏病,癌症和糖尿病的发展有关。当氧化剂与抗氧化剂失衡时,细胞中的氧化应激导致防御***的出现。细胞中的氧化剂的产生出现于常规的代谢过程中,例如线粒体电子转移和脂肪酸的过氧化物酶氧化过程中。噬菌细胞例如巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞会产生氧化剂作为它们的主防御***的一部分。身体具有内生的抗氧化剂例如维生素E和谷胱甘肽,和能够修复氧化损伤的修复***。总之,在产生氧化剂,抗氧化剂防御之间的正性和负性反馈,和氧化损伤修复决定了老化的结果。饮食维生素E已经显示出能够提高狗的抗氧化剂状况。抗氧化剂状况的改进能够潜在的延长不生病的寿命和提高猫的生命质量。此外,鱼油能够通过它的抗心律失常效果来预防冠心病,致命的心肌梗塞和心脏猝死,并且被认为能够缓解与关节炎有关的发炎性关节疼痛。在猫科软骨细胞模型中,DHA已经显示出能够降低软骨退化。
发明内容
一方面,提供了一种宠物食品配方,其包含占该宠物食品配方的至少7重量%量的氨基酸和减少量的磷,该磷的量占配方的小于大约1重量%。
在另一方面,提供了一种宠物食品,其包含选自下面的氨基酸:亮氨酸,异亮氨酸,赖氨酸,蛋氨酸,胱氨酸及其组合,该氨基酸的量是该宠物食品配方的至少7重量%。
在另一方面,提供了一种宠物食品配方,其包含占配方的大约2-大约3.5重量%量的赖氨酸。
在另一方面,提供了一种方法,由此来减少动物的氧化应激,其包含引入一种宠物食品配方,该食品包含占该宠物食品配方的至少7重量%量的氨基酸和减少量的磷,该磷的量占配方的小于大约1重量%。
在另一方面,提供了一种宠物食品配方,其包含占该配方的饮食蛋白质大约22%-大约30%的所选择氨基酸水平。
在另一方面,该宠物食品配方中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的量占该配方的大约0.15%-大约0.3%。
在另一方面,提供了一种宠物食品配方,其包含比例为大约1.2-大约2.5的EPA:二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。
具体实施方式
作为贯穿始终而使用的,范围作为简记目的,来描述处于该范围中的每一个和全部的值。可以选择处于该范围内的任何值来作为该范围的终点。另外,此处所引用的全部参考文献在此以其全部引入作为参考。在本申请与所引用的文献的定义之间存在矛盾的情况中,以本申请为准。
下面描述宠物食品的示例性实施方案和制造该宠物食品的方法。虽然这里描述了示例性的实施方案,但是该宠物食品和方法不局限于这些具体的实施方案。具体的,虽然详细的描述了挤出的宠物食品,但是应当理解下面所述的本发明能够应用于罐头食品以及焙烤干燥食品。
蛋白质可以通过本领域技术人员已知的多种来源的任何一种来提供,包括植物来源,动物来源,或者二者。动物来源包括例如肉类,肉类副产品,海产品,牛奶,鸡蛋等等。肉类包括例如家禽,鱼和哺乳动物(例如牛,猪,绵羊,山羊等等)的肉。肉类副产品包括例如肺,肾,脑,肝脏,和胃肠(除去了全部的或者基本上全部的它们的内容物)。蛋白质可以是未处理过的,几乎完全水解的或者部分水解的。另外的蛋白质来源包括来自植物物质(例如大豆,玉米麸和其他)的蛋白质,和来自乳制品例如乳清和干酪素的蛋白质。应当理解给宠物充分的以定量提供了关键的氨基酸例如L-牛磺酸,蛋氨酸和赖氨酸和胱氨酸。
赖氨酸和胱氨酸可以市购或者可以由任何合适的来源来制备。一种有用的赖氨酸是液体赖氨酸60。纯的结晶氨基酸是容易市购的,并且可以使用,因为它们在猫科动物的胃肠道***中具有高的消化性和高的吸收性。作为此处使用的,术语赖氨酸和胱氨酸包括氨基酸赖氨酸和胱氨酸各自的游离酸,类似物和/或水溶性盐的形式。
有用的赖氨酸包括来自于全部或者部分的由赖氨酸组成的聚氨基酸的这些,包括聚-D-赖氨酸氢溴化物,分子量大约70000-大约150000;聚-L-赖氨酸氢氯化物,分子量大约15000-大约30000;聚-L-赖氨酸氢溴化物,分子量大约150000-大约300000;和聚(Lys,Phe)1∶1氢溴化物,分子量大约20000-大约50000道尔顿。在猫科动物的胃肠***中的饮食或者配给量中所用的赖氨酸和胱氨酸的量将根据许多因素而变化,包括猫的品种,猫的年龄,所用的猫食,饮食中的蛋白质含量,期望的瘦体重保护程度,和其他因素。
在一种实施方案中,该宠物食品配方包含占配方的大约0.5-大约0.75重量%范围的胱氨酸水平。更具体的,该宠物食品配方包含占配方的大约0.55-大约0.66重量%范围的胱氨酸水平。此外,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方的饮食蛋白质水平的大约1.2-大约2.6重量%范围的胱氨酸水平。另外,该宠物食品配方包含占供给给猫的猫科动物饮食的饮食蛋白质水平的大约1.4%-大约2.4%范围的胱氨酸水平,来提供有益的瘦体重保护程度。
此外,或者可选择的,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方的大约2-大约3.5重量%范围的赖氨酸量。此外,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方的饮食蛋白质水平的大约6-大约12.5重量%范围的赖氨酸量。
此外,或者可选择的,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方的大约3.5-大约5.5重量%范围的亮氨酸水平。更具体的,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方的大约3.9-大约4.8重量%范围的亮氨酸水平。此外,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方饮食蛋白质水平的大约9.0-大约13.5重量%范围的亮氨酸水平。另外,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方饮食蛋白质水平的大约10-大约12重量%范围的亮氨酸水平。
此外,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方饮食蛋白质水平的大约22-大约30重量%范围的所选择氨基酸的水平。另外,该宠物食品配方包含占该配方饮食蛋白质水平的大约24-大约28重量%范围的所选择氨基酸的水平。
此外,或者可选择的,该宠物食品配方中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的量是配方的大约0.15-大约0.3重量%。更具体的,该宠物食品配方包含占配方的大约0.2-大约0.25重量%量的EPA。此外,该宠物食品配方包含下面比例的EPA与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA):大约1.2-2.5,优选大约1.5-2.0。
此外,或者可选择的,该宠物食品配方包含小于1%,优选大约0.5-大约0.9%和更优选大约0.7-大约0.8%量的磷。此外,或者可选择的,该宠物食品配方包含小于大约7∶1比例的n-6和n-3脂肪酸。
在一种实施方案中,将赖氨酸和/或胱氨酸与猫科动物食品紧密混合。在一种实施方案中,在将氨基酸混入到猫科动物食品之前对该氨基酸进行稀释。稀释剂是固体或者液体中的一种,其是与所述氨基酸和猫科动物食品相容的,并且对于猫科动物来说是美味的,没有不利影响的和胃肠道可接受的,以及食用安全的。该氨基酸可以通过氨基酸与猫科动物食品的常规混合来与猫科动物食品相混到一起。此外,可以将辅助成分加入到猫科动物食品中,该食品已经用混入其中或者与其相混合的氨基酸进行了补充。这种添加可以通过将辅助成分作为涂料施用到食品上来完成。
猫的抗氧化剂状况是通过检测自血球中还原的和氧化的谷胱甘肽,血清维生素E浓度,和血浆烯醛浓度来确定的。此外,升高的血清维生素E浓度指示着免疫***功能的提高。通过DXA所获得的测量结果(即,骨矿物含量,骨矿物密度,和瘦肉组织百分比)被用作骨,关节和肌肉结实度的指示。总体重对于支持理想的关节健康是重要的。作为关节健康指数的一部分而包括的最终的测量是DHA的血清浓度。DHA与减少生物体外的软骨损伤有关。器官健康是通过评价肾,心脏和眼睛的健康来评估的。健康指数包括血尿素氮,肌氨酸酐和磷方面的肾健康变化的临床测量。牛磺酸的饮食和血浆浓度是与心脏异常例如扩张型心肌病有关的。所以,整个血液的牛磺酸含量被用来确定牛磺酸状况,并且作为心脏心脏健康的指示。另外,牛磺酸在视网膜健康中也起作用。
实施例
对受测试的62个猫进行了18个月的喂食研究,这些猫在测试时年龄是1岁,并且通过物理检查和血液化学性能来确定健康状况。按照动物照顾与使用委员会(InstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommittee)协议来照顾这些猫。此外,为猫提供丰富的玩具,标准的例行整饰,并且每天具有与其他猫和人类接触的机会。对这些猫进行下面四种处理中的一种:1)按照本发明的配方#1,和2)市售的配方#2,#3和#4。全部配方是根据制造商推荐来喂食的。每种配方的营养成分在表1中给出。
在第0,30,90,180,365和533天收集每一组猫的全血,立即放入冰中,然后离心分离血清或者血浆,将其保存在-70℃直到分析。血清维生素E是使用Hoehler等人的方法来分析的。血清脂肪酸是使用改进的Rodriguez-Palmero等人和Folch等人所述的方法来分析的。用于测量白血球中还原的和氧化的谷胱甘肽浓度的分析方法由Hagen(未公开),Fariss等人和Jones等人所述的方法改进的。全血牛磺酸是通过商业试验室(EurofinsScientific,Inc.,Memphis,TN),使用私有的方法来分析的。总烯醛浓度是在机器人化学分析器上,通过商业试验室(GenoxCorporation,Baltimore,MD)使用分光光度计检测来进行分析的。血液化学筛选是使用自动血液化学分析仪(Hitachi912),按照制造商的方案来进行分析的。身体成分是在第0,180,365和533天通过双重能量X射线吸光测定法(DXA)来分析的。
猫科动物健康老化是通过测量与下面有关的生物学变化的单个指示来评估的:器官健康,抗氧化剂/免疫状况,关节健康和体重保持。被用来得出健康指数的变量包括血清维生素E,血清碱性磷酸酶,血清丙胺酸氨基转移酶,血尿素氮,胆固醇,肌氨酸酐,磷,全血牛磺酸,三酰基甘油,DHA,EPA和α-亚麻酸的浓度。此外,还原的与氧化的谷胱甘肽的比例和n3脂肪酸与烯醛的比例也包括在该健康指数中。用于骨和健康关节的结实度的指示是获自DXA分析的,并且包括骨矿物含量,骨矿物密度,瘦肉组织的百分比,脂肪组织的量,瘦肉:脂肪的比例,和体重。
62个猫完成了该研究。在第30,180,365和533天,喂食#1配方的猫的血清维生素E浓度明显高于喂食#2配方或者#3饮食配方的猫。配方#1喂食的猫的血清维生素E浓度低于喂食配方#4的猫。这种差异在第30和180天是明显的,但是在第365和533天不明显(表2)。总烯醛的血浆浓度在配方#1喂食的猫中是最高的,其在第180天明显的高于喂食配方#2或者配方#3饮食的猫。配方#1喂食的猫具有相对于LCPUFA浓度的最低的烯醛浓度(表2)。还原的谷胱甘肽与氧化的谷胱甘肽的比例在配方#1喂食的猫中是最高的。(表2)。
猫的抗氧化剂状况是通过测量自血球中的还原的和氧化的谷胱甘肽,血清维生素E浓度和血浆烯醛浓度来确定的。谷胱甘肽是身体猝灭自由基的能力的度量。还原的谷胱甘肽浓度的增加表示了生体能够更好的避免氧化应激。谷胱甘肽的作用是保护线粒体抵抗脂质过氧化反应产物例如4-羟基-2(E)-壬烯醛的有毒效应。维生素E是最有效的链断裂脂质可溶性抗氧化剂;它在脂质过氧化反应的开始和持续过程中猝灭了脂质自由基。此外,血清维生素E浓度的提高意味着感知能力的提高和免疫***功能的增强。血浆总烯醛是对于如丙二醛和4-羟基-2(E)-壬烯醛的度量,其是氧化损害细胞的产物和脂肪酸氢过氧化物降解的产物。
还原的与氧化的谷胱甘肽的比例是在配方#1组中是最高的。血清维生素E浓度随着时间变化在配方#1喂食的猫中逐渐增加,但是,它在其他组中不变化或者降低。因为烯醛是脂质过氧化反应的产物,并且LCPUFA非常容易氧化,因此计算了猫血液中存在的n3脂肪酸与烯醛的比例。配方#1喂食的猫具有相对于n3脂肪酸的浓度而言最低的烯醛浓度,这表明维生素E提供了对于脂肪酸的某些保护。
配方#1包含在鱼油中,其传递了在活的生物体内发挥消炎性能的LCPUFA例如EPA和DHA。
在全部的时间点,配方#1组的血清EPA浓度明显的高于其他组(表3)。在全部的时间点,本发明食品组的血清DHA浓度明显高于配方#2和配方#3组。配方#1组的血清DHA浓度高于配方#4组,但是仅仅在第180天时存在着明显差异。
体重和身体组成是保证关节健康的关键因素。肌肉(瘦肉)组织对于支持关节而言是重要的;但是,动物过重会将不必用的应力施加到关节上,这依次增加了形成骨关节炎的风险。喂食配方#1的猫具有最高百分比的瘦肉组织和最高的瘦肉:脂肪比例。喂食配方#1的猫组具有比其他组的猫更低的体重。
该研究测量了与下面有关的生物学变化的单个指示:抗氧化剂/免疫状况,关节健康,器官健康,和体重保持。配方#1喂食的猫在全部的时间点上的血清EPA浓度明显的高于对比产品喂食的猫(表3)。配方#1喂食的猫在全部的时间点上的血清DHA浓度明显高于配方#2或者配方#3喂食的猫。配方#1喂食的猫在第180天的血清DHA浓度明显高于配方#4喂食的猫。
表4表示了在90,180,365和533天的DXA测量的结果。配方#1喂食的猫具有最高百分比的瘦肉组织和最高的瘦肉:脂肪比例。在第533天,喂食配方#1的猫具有比配方#2喂食的猫明显较少的脂肪组织和更低的体重。
表5表示了血液化学分析的结果。喂食配方#1的猫具有比其他组的每一个更低的血清肌氨酸酐浓度。配方#2和配方#4喂食的猫之间分别在全部时间点和第533天的差异很明显。配方#1喂食的猫的血清磷浓度低于其他组。该差异仅仅在第365天与配方#2喂食的猫相比是明显的。配方#1喂食的猫的血尿素氮是最低的。该差异在第30,90,180和533天与配方#3喂食的猫相比是明显的。在猫科动物健康老化指数计算中包括了全部上述的测量,这个研究证实了配方#1喂食的成年猫的整体健康高于其他组。
虽然已经在不同的具体实施方案中对本发明进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员将认可本发明可以在权利要求的主旨和范围内进行实践改进。
表1.配方营养曲线的分析
表2.血清维生素E,血浆烯醛和全血牛磺酸的浓度
表3.所选择的血清脂肪酸的平均浓度.
表4.获自DXA分析的身体组成.
表5.在第30,90,180,365和533天时的血液化学数据.
表6.在第533天的健康指数构成.
Claims (5)
1.一种宠物食品,其包含
占该宠物食品0.5%和0.75%重量之间的量的胱氨酸;
占该宠物食品2%和3.5%重量之间的量的赖氨酸;
占该宠物食品3.5%和5.5%重量之间的量的亮氨酸;和
占该宠物食品的小于1重量%的磷,
其中氨基酸的量为该宠物食品的8%和13.5%重量之间,
其中,所述宠物食品还包含n-3脂肪酸和n-6脂肪酸,
其中该n-3脂肪酸的量为该宠物食品的0.2%和0.6%重量之间,
其中该宠物食品包含的n-6脂肪酸和n-3脂肪酸之比小于7∶1。
2.权利要求1的宠物食品,其中该氨基酸选自亮氨酸,异亮氨酸,赖氨酸,蛋氨酸,胱氨酸及其组合。
3.权利要求1的宠物食品,其包含占该宠物食品的小于6重量%的灰分。
4.权利要求1的宠物食品,其中该n-3脂肪酸包含下面的至少一种:α-亚麻酸,二十碳五烯酸,二十二碳五烯酸或者二十二碳六烯酸。
5.权利要求4的宠物食品,其中该n-3脂肪酸包括占该宠物食品0.15%和0.3%重量之间的量的EPA和占该宠物食品1.2%和2.5%重量之间的量的DHA。
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EP (1) | EP2197292A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5452501B2 (zh) |
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CA (2) | CA2819676C (zh) |
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JP6310690B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2018-04-11 | 花王株式会社 | ペットフード |
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BR112018072064B8 (pt) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-08-23 | Nestec Sa | Uso de triglicerídeos de cadeia média para preparação de composições nutricionais para proteção cardíaca em animais de estimação |
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CA2819676A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
CA2819676C (en) | 2016-08-02 |
US20100304003A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
ZA201002403B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
WO2009086275A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
CA2710211C (en) | 2013-09-10 |
RU2440771C1 (ru) | 2012-01-27 |
JP2011505876A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
CA2710211A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
CN101951786A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
AU2008345571A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
JP5452501B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
BRPI0820850A2 (pt) | 2014-12-23 |
AU2008345571B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
EP2197292A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
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