CN105210639A

CN105210639A - A kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality

Info

Publication number: CN105210639A
Application number: CN201510686498.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈俊伟; 徐红霞; 李晓颖; 王朝丽; 孙钧
Original assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2015-10-21
Filing date: 2015-10-21
Publication date: 2016-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 2035-10-21
Also published as: CN105210639B

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality, described method mainly to comprise after spring tip pinching, pinching the steps such as management, summer shoot management, blooming period management.Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in: adopt the inventive method, finally can make to take time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat postponement more than 1 month, thus reduces headdress flower amount, considerably increases two flower amounts, substantially increases the yield and quality of White Pulp Loquat.

Description

A kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality

(1) technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality.

(2) background technology

Loquat, another name is again reed tangerine, because its leaf pole is as Chinese lute, so be referred to as loquat.The loquat four seasons are evergreen, and fruit tree has certain ornamental value.Loquat not only delicious flavour, nutritious, promoting production of body fluid and nourishing the lung, heat-clearing stomach invigorating in addition, diuresis nourishing and the effect improved the health, to promotion digestion, relieving summer-heat, moisten the lung and relieve the cough, preventing cold etc. has good booster action; The trace elements such as its iron be rich in, magnesium, potassium are human body institute indispensable element, and contained carotin is in the 3rd in all fruit, deeply likes by consumers in general.Loquat is divided into plain boiled pork and red meat loquat by pulp colour.White Pulp Loquat is the good merchantable brand in loquat, its fruit appearance milky, the easy peeling of pulp soft and succulency, and sugar content is high, and local flavor spy is good, is rich in multiple nutritional components and medical value, is the treasure in fruit.

The loquat autumn and winter bloom setting, February in florescence from October to next year, and flower and young fruit will be exposed to winter the coldest in 1 year, wherein bud ability-6 DEG C of low temperature, young fruit ability-3 DEG C of low temperature.More Zao than red meat loquat more than 1 month usually florescence of White Pulp Loquat.Therefore, White Pulp Loquat is more easily endured cold in the winter time.In the north subtropical such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu area, usually the White Pulp Loquat flower open 10 ~ November is called headdress flower, is called two flowers at the flower opened to December by the end of November, is called three flowers at the flower opened for 1 ~ February.Headdress flower existed with young fruit form in the February in December to next year of cold, and the most easily endure cold, major part is all freezed to death, and only has few survival, usually the large quality better of fruit; Two spend breeding time shorter than headdress flower, and fruit is medium greatly, quality is more excellent, endures cold in degree, and this part flower is the main forces of White Pulp Loquat commodity fruit; Three spend chance of enduring cold few, but fruit development period is short, and the little poor quality of fruit, does not have commodity value.Therefore, as by postponing White Pulp Loquat flowering time, reducing headdress flower amount and increasing by two flower amounts, White Pulp Loquat can be alleviated and to endure cold probability, increase yield and quality.

(3) summary of the invention

The object of the invention be to provide a kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality.

The technical solution used in the present invention is:

Postponing takes time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat improves a method for loquat yield and quality, and described method comprises the steps:

(1) spring tip pinching: carry out when spring in March tip length 2 ~ 5 ㎝, the spring tip newly sent all is extractd, sends the spring tip not pinching April; Take out the young sprout time after pinching again by postponement 25 ~ 35 days, second half year loquat initial bloom stage can be made like this to postpone more than 1 month.

(2) spring tip management after pinching: after pinching 1 month, multiple young sprout is there is in loquat from axil, carry out smearing the tip when the new-tip length sent is at 2 ~ 5cm, smear the tip to take to stay and go by force weak principle, each branch only retains 1 ~ 2 young sprout, and grows containing 70% (w/w) thiophanate methyl, 700 ~ 800 times of liquid diseases preventions of 0.2% ~ 0.3% (w/w) urea and 0.2% ~ 0.3% (w/w) potassium dihydrogen phosphate and short young sprout in right amount at foliage-spray;

(3) summer shoot management: by the spring tip being taken out the summer shoot (usually having 3 ~ 5) sent out, only retain wherein 1 ~ 2 short-and-medium sturdy summer shoot, all the other remove; Fruit picking fertilizer 0.5 ~ 0.75 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ~ 0.2 ㎏/strain is executed in early June; In July ~ anti-yellow caterpillar of summer in September autumn growth and leaf spot, adopt 80% (w/w) mancozeb, 1000 times of liquid+45% (w/w) sumithion cream 1000 times of liquid (mancozeb of 1 weight portion 80% can be added by 1000 weight parts waters and 1 weight portion 45% sumithion cream is prepared) appropriate spraying to prevent and treat, prevent summer autumn growth blade killed affect into colored; Can carry out 2 ~ 3 road width mid-July to prosperous tree is that the half cycle band girdle of 0.5 ㎝ is to suppress branch undue growth promotion flower bud differentiation.

(4) blooming period management: after the existing bud of loquat in September, execute and spend 30 ~ 40 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ~ 0.2 ㎏/strain of front fatstock fowl fertilizer, to extend flowering time.Described spend before fertile be common livestock and poultry fertilizer;

Said method only relates to the spring tip, summer shoot and blooming period management step in loquat cultivation, and other White Pulp Loquat manages, and conventionally carries out.

The present invention is closely related with the loquat florescence based on observing loquat spring tip time of origin according to principle, the spring tip early sent out, and on its branch, also morning at florescence, the tardy spring tip, on its branch, the florescence is also slow.The loquat spring tip is generally sent out from taking out successively at the beginning of March to 5 month.Generally become loquat head to criticize flower from the summer shoot early taking out pumping the spring tip sent out, and taken out the summer shoot that the spring tip sent out occurs late and generally become two flowers or three flowers opened late.Two flowers mainly from early spring the tip side shoot or late spring tip major branch there is the flower that summer shoot formed.Three flowers be from the slow spring tip send out summer shoot the flower that formed of side shoot.Only take out from the spring tip summer shoot sent out and can become bearing basal shoot then, and can not bearing basal shoot be become from the summer shoot that carpopodium is sprouted.Spending of loquat generally directly opens or opens after pumping one section of autumn growth from summer shoot terminal bud.The method that the present invention regulates and controls the loquat florescence is by carrying out pinching in March to the spring tip just sprouted, and the spring tip is taken out again and sends out.And pinching is not carried out to the spring tip sprouted after April.Be delayed the time of origin of the spring tip after spring tip pinching, correspondingly this part spring tip taken out the summer shoot sent out and also postpone, finally like this cause postponement more than 1 month of taking time at the beginning of loquat, thus reduce headdress flower amount, greatly increase by two flower amounts, alleviate White Pulp Loquat and to endure cold probability, increase yield and quality.

Concrete, in step (3), fruit picking fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the weight ratio of potassium oxide is 15:15:15.Step (4) Hua Qianfei is preferably decay sheep excrement.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in: adopt the inventive method, finally can make to take time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat postponement more than 1 month, thus reduces headdress flower amount, considerably increases two flower amounts, substantially increases the yield and quality of White Pulp Loquat.

(4) embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:

Embodiment 1:

White Pulp Loquat kind ' soft bar white sand ', the florescence, early freeze injury was serious.For postponing the florescence, improving the yield and quality, in mid-March, pinching is carried out during the spring tip 3 ~ 5 ㎝, normal bud is being carried out by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, every is stayed 1 ~ 2 strong spring tip, and after normal bud, foliage-spray 70% thiophanate methyl 700 times of liquid+0.3% urea+0.3% (weight ratio) potassium dihydrogen phosphates urge young sprout growth; Early June executes fruit picking fertilizer, and fertilizer is composite fertilizer's (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the weight ratio of potassium oxide is 15:15:15) 0.7 ㎏/strain+urea 0.2 ㎏/strain.July carries out sparse branching to the summer shoot sent after spring tip pinching, and reservation major branch, side shoot stay 1 ~ 2.Anti-yellow caterpillar and leaf spot in July ~ September, available 80% mancozeb 1000 times of liquid+45% sumithion creams 1000 times of liquid are prevented and treated.Mid-July the half cycle girdling promoting blossom flower bud differentiation that 2 ~ 3 road width are 0.5 ㎝ is carried out to prosperous tree.After the existing bud of loquat in September, execute and spend front fertile decay sheep excrement 40 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ㎏/strain, postpone that the flowers are in blossom puts.Follow-up fruit period management, conventionally carries out.

Adopt above-mentioned management method, the White Pulp Loquat florescence, 60 ~ 80% flowers can be open to December by the end of November than the postponed flowering time more than 1 month of the spring tip not pinching, ensure that loquat yield and quality, the easy peeling of pulp soft and succulency, sugar content is high, local flavor spy is good, output increased more than 10%.

Embodiment 2:

White Pulp Loquat kind ' Ninghai is white ', headdress flower is many, freeze injury weight.For postponing the florescence, improving the yield and quality, at late March, during the spring tip 3 ㎝, carry out pinching, carry out normal bud at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, every is stayed 1 ~ 2 strong spring tip, and after normal bud, 800 times of liquid+0.3% urea+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate diseases prevention of foliage-spray 70% thiophanate methyl and short young sprout grow; Early June executes fruit picking fertilizer, and fertilizer is composite fertilizer's (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the weight ratio of potassium oxide is 15:15:15) 0.6 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ㎏/strain.July carries out sparse branching to the summer shoot sent after spring tip pinching, and reservation major branch, side shoot stay 1 ~ 2.Anti-yellow caterpillar and leaf spot in July ~ September, available 80% mancozeb 1000 times of liquid+45% sumithion creams 1000 times of liquid are prevented and treated.After the existing bud of loquat in September, execute and spend front fertile decay sheep excrement 35 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ㎏/strain.Follow-up fruit period management, conventionally carries out.

Such florescence can be postponed than the spring tip not pinching and being bloomed 1 month, 60 ~ 80% flowers can be open to December by the end of November, and guarantee yield and quality, the easy peeling of pulp soft and succulency, sugar content is high, and local flavor spy is good, output increased 10 ~ 15%.

Claims

1. postponing takes time at the beginning of White Pulp Loquat improves a method for loquat yield and quality, and described method comprises the steps:

(1) spring tip pinching: in March, at spring tip length 2 ~ 5 ㎝ time carry out, the spring tip newly sent all is extractd, the young sprout not pinching sent after April;

(2) spring tip management after pinching: after pinching 1 month, carry out smearing the tip when the new-tip length sent is at 2 ~ 5cm, each branch only retains 1 ~ 2 young sprout, and grows containing 70% thiophanate methyl, 700 ~ 800 times of liquid diseases preventions of 0.2% ~ 0.3% urea and 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and short young sprout at foliage-spray;

(3) summer shoot management: by the spring tip being taken out the summer shoot sent out, only retain wherein 1 ~ 2 short-and-medium sturdy summer shoot, all the other remove; Fruit picking fertilizer 0.5 ~ 0.75 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ~ 0.2 ㎏/strain is executed in early June; In anti-yellow caterpillar and leaf spot in July ~ September, the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 80% mancozeb, 1000 times of liquid+45% sumithion creams are adopted to prevent and treat;

(4) blooming period management: after the existing bud of loquat in September, executes fertile 30 ~ 40 ㎏/strain+urea 0.1 ~ 0.2 ㎏/strain before spending, and postpones that the flowers are in blossom puts.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), fruit picking fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the weight ratio of potassium oxide is 15:15:15.

3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that step (4) Hua Qianfei is decay sheep excrement.