CN105207965B - A kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges - Google Patents
A kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Automatic modulation classification methods, and method and step is as follows, Step 1: orderly importing data；Step 2: the data to importing carry out the sudden detection of time domain；Step 3: the data to importing carry out frequency domain segmentation；Step 4: carrying out am signals differentiation；Step 5: carrying out phase modulated signal differentiation；Step 6: carrying out frequency modulated signal differentiation；Step 7: unknown signaling and noise are distinguished, realized by the fluctuation of instantaneous envelope statistical parameter；Step 8: the majority decision of multiple recognition result, using the result cascading judgement repeatedly identified, and considers the relationship between each recognition result, it is finally clearly identified the modulation system and other satellite informations of signal.Compared with prior art, the present invention can effectively be modulated the Division identification of signal, and Modulation Identification embodiment is simple, and classifier design is reasonable, and classification performance is also superior.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of signal modulate field more particularly to a kind of Automatic modulation classifications of VHF/UHF frequency ranges
Method.
Background technology
In modulation and protocol mode more complicated today, Modulation Recognition of Communication Signal becomes a challenging work
Make, especially the blind recognition of modulation system.The recognition methods mainly to signal modulation major class identify, meanwhile, also can be to part
It is identified between the class of modulation system.Signal modulate module is exactly to judge under the premise of unknown modulation intelligence content
The modulation system of signal of communication；And estimate some parameters of signal, provide reliable basis for next step analysis and processing.
With the continuous development of the communication technology, signal modulation mode presents varied；This requires Automatic modulation classification,
The method of Automatic modulation classification is more, currently, the grader for being applied to Modulation Identification includes mainly three kinds：Decision tree, artificial god
Through network (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM).For one of traditional decision-tree difficult point be need to be arranged suitable decision threshold and
How optimal judgement sequence is selected, and thresholding need not be arranged in ANN and SVM, but need to be trained grader.In view of mesh
The sorting technique of the parameter type of preceding extraction and the concrete condition of identification, the recognition methods will use traditional decision-tree to carry out.
Traditional decision-tree is simply direct, is very suitable for applying online.The decision rule of the algorithm is exactly to utilize a certain feature
Identified set-partition is become two nonoverlapping subclass according to decision threshold, then recycles another feature by parameter
Parameter is split subset again.In decision tree it may first have to select suitable threshold value, threshold value for each characteristic value
It is selected can be obtained according to theory analysis, but due to carrying out certain conversion process to signal after, then analyze its feature ginseng
Several theoretical values are difficult, so obtained using test data statistics mostly.In traditional decision-tree, although with phase
Same characteristic value, but many different algorithms just can be obtained using these characteristic values by different order in sorting algorithm.
Under same signal-to-noise ratio, these algorithms but have different classification accuracy rates, therefore the characteristic value time sequencing of such method is also
It is highly important.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is that providing one kind solves the above problems, and the modulation applied to VHF/UHF frequency ranges is known automatically
Other method.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of Automatic modulation classification of VHF/UHF frequency ranges
Method, method and step are as follows
Step 1: orderly importing data；
Step 2: the data to importing carry out the sudden detection of time domain；
Step 3: the data to importing carry out frequency domain segmentation；
Step 4: carrying out am signals differentiation, that is, pass through discrete spectral line quantity within the scope of signal bandwidth and distribution feelings
Condition Division identification ASK, AM, CW modulated signal；
Step 5: carry out phase modulated signal differentiation, i.e., by the way that phase is discontinuous and instantaneous frequency kurtosis, by phase
Modulation and frequency modulated mode are distinguished, and are identified and will be judged using the planisphere of blind demodulation between phase modulated signal class；
Step 6: carrying out frequency modulated signal differentiation, for frequency modulated signal, the waveform after frequency discrimination is subjected to frequency spectrum point
Analysis is just judged to FSK modulation if frequency spectrum is mainly distributed on low-frequency range, if instead frequency spectrum is mainly concentrated in band, then visually
It is modulated for FM, identifies and will be realized using the statistical property of instantaneous frequency between FSK modulation class；
Step 7: unknown signaling and noise are distinguished, realized by the fluctuation of instantaneous envelope statistical parameter；
Step 8: the majority decision of multiple recognition result, using the result cascading judgement repeatedly identified, and considers every
Relationship between secondary recognition result is finally clearly identified the modulation system and other satellite informations of signal.
Preferably, in step 1, data are ordered into the larger circular buffer area opened inside ground import modul, and identification is calculated
Development Classification and Identification of the method by circular buffer area gradually, piecewise, data, which are imported, to be realized with identification using different threads.
Preferably, in step 2, the envelope to importing data carries out smaller slice and is segmented, prominent by front and back two sections of energy
Become, judges signal time domain continuity or burst detection；Meanwhile the signal section for detecting Time Domain Piecewise for frequency domain carriers and
Bandwidth estimation and follow-up identifying processing.
Preferably, in step 3, using the value between frequency spectrum intermediate zone and signal as noise gate, it is applied to bandwidth in
Frequency of heart is estimated；By within the scope of the signal bandwidth of estimation energy and with the conduct of the ratio between energy summation within the scope of narrow band filter
Narrowband signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, in step 4, after completing frequency domain segmentation, the whole valid data of this section need to be utilized to calculate high-resolution
Spectrum is retrieved with interior discrete spectral line distribution situation, and certain SNR criterion is used to detect whether as discrete spectral line, if frequency spectrum exists
Unique discrete spectral line tentatively determines whether AM, CW, ASK signal, then whether has symbol rate information therefrom area according to signal
ASK is separated, is distinguished further according to spectral bandwidth and about carrier frequency symmetry by AM, is otherwise considered as CW signals；If preliminary judgement is
AM is modulated, and it is AM speeches or AM 2FSK Multi-modulation signals also to need the kurtosis value judgement further using its envelope,
For the AM 2FSK signals of secondary modulation, digital modulation symbol rate estimates mode using general 2FSK symbol rates.
Preferably, in step 5, phase modulated signal is single-carrier signal, and instantaneous frequency kurtosis value is larger, is utilized
Envelope frequency spectrum is then tentatively considered as phase according to a certain range detection symbols rate information according to bandwidth value if there is symbol rate information
Position modulated signal, the identification between phase modulated signal MPSK and MQAM are judged using the planisphere of blind demodulation mode.
Preferably, in step 6, for frequency modulated signal, the waveform after frequency discrimination is subjected to spectrum analysis, if frequency
Spectrum is mainly distributed on low-frequency range and is then considered as FSK modulation, if instead frequency spectrum is mainly concentrated in certain band, then can be considered FM tune
System, this tentatively realizes the differentiation of analog-modulated and digital modulation.
Preferably, being modulated if FM, then after also needing the waveform after just demodulating to utilize waveform peak state value and frequency discrimination again
Baseband signal whether confirm as the Multi-modulation signal of FM (2FSK) with symbol rate information, the symbol rate of FM (2FSK) is estimated
Meter is similar with 2FSK symbol rates estimation mode；If it is continuous fsk modulated signal, symbol rate estimation can utilize instantaneous frequency discrete
Spectral line characteristic is estimated；If it is burst FSK aforesaid way hardly possible is utilized because the symbol quantity of one section of bursty data not up to requires
To realize, symbol rate estimation need to be realized by each code element number of samples according to a preliminary estimate.
If preferably, it is that 2FSK is modulated, and modulation index then recycles the secondary of original signal close to 0.5 to have sentenced card
The discrete spectral line feature just composed, sentences whether card is MSK modulated signals.
Preferably, in step 7, to unique discrete spectral line is not present in frequency spectrum and without the signal of symbol rate information, leads to
The fluctuation of instantaneous envelope is crossed to distinguish unknown signaling and noise, due to part distinctive signal direct estimation or the symbol of extraction signal
There are certain difficulties for number rate information；It needs to start other modes subregion identification distinctive signal；Distinctive signal is needed to start this
The automatic identification module recognition detection of a little distinctive signals, mainly using the modes such as power side's spectrogram of signal or blind demodulation
Carry out recognition detection.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows：The present invention can effectively adjust VHF/UHF frequency band signals
System identification, identification embodiment is simple, and classifier design is reasonable, and classification performance is also superior.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is principle of the invention block diagram；
Fig. 2 is Time Domain Piecewise effect diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is frequency domain stepwise schematic views of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is certain 8PSK Modulation Identification process planisphere.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment：A kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges of the present invention will be described further below.
The recognizer main body of the present invention is applied in VHF/UHF frequency ranges, and the signal-to-noise ratio of this signal will not be too low, and the modulation methods of signal
Formula mainly considers serially to modulate, the automatic identification without parallel modulated signal.And frequency range AM and FM secondary modulations are more, dash forward
Hair property is apparent.Therefore, the main signal type of identification includes：
Analog-modulated：FM broadcast/speech, AM, CW
Digital modulation：ASK、MPSK、2PSK、4PSK、8PSK、MQAM、8QAM、16QAM、32QAM、64QAM、MSK、
MFSK, 2FSK, 4FSK etc..
Consider that the whole bandwidth of sampled signal is a signal, and sampling rate is 4~8 times of signal bandwidth, this contributes to
Automated manner frequency measurement is tested the speed and related judgement processing.
The specific method is as follows by the present invention, such as Fig. 1：
Step 1: importing data in an orderly manner；Data are ordered into the larger circular buffer area opened inside ground import modul, know
Development Classification and Identification of the other algorithm by circular buffer area gradually, piecewise, data, which are imported, to be realized with identification using different threads.By
It is more in ultrashort wave frequency band burst, for useful signal section is included in identifying processing, while realizing that signal burst information is estimated,
It is realized using different threads with identification so data are imported.System supports two kinds of data of I/Q complex signals and real signal to import.If
Real signal, inside modules by according to have related parameter by be mixed, filter and etc. realize to I/Q complex signals continuously without interruption
Conversion.
Step 2: the data to importing carry out the sudden detection of time domain；Envelope to importing data carries out smaller slice point
Section (such as：1 millisecond, or fixed number of samples 128), by front and back two sections of energy jumps, judge signal time domain continuity or burst
Detection；Meanwhile the signal section for detecting Time Domain Piecewise is used for frequency domain carriers and bandwidth estimation and follow-up identifying processing, when
Domain subsection efect schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
It is right based on the ratio between sample rate and signal bandwidth in zone of reasonableness Step 3: carry out frequency domain segmentation to the data of importing
The non-weak signal segment data of regular length carries out the FFT Power estimations of less sampling point (such as：1024) it, can get meet the requirements, frequency
Domain resolution ratio is higher, the stabilization frequency spectrum after multi-frame mean, this contributes to frequency and bandwidth estimation.By frequency spectrum intermediate zone and signal
Between value as noise gate, be applied to bandwidth and center frequency estimation.By within the scope of the signal bandwidth of estimation energy and with
The ratio between energy summation within the scope of narrow band filter is used as narrowband signal-to-noise ratio, frequency domain stepwise schematic views as shown in Figure 3.
Step 4: carrying out am signals differentiation, that is, pass through discrete spectral line quantity within the scope of signal bandwidth and position
Detection, Division identification ASK and AM, CW signal need to utilize the whole valid data of this section to calculate high-resolution after completing frequency domain segmentation
Rate is composed, and is retrieved with interior discrete spectral line distribution situation, and certain SNR criterion is used to detect whether as discrete spectral line, if frequency spectrum
Existence anduniquess discrete spectral line tentatively determines whether AM, CW, ASK signal, then according to signal whether have symbol rate information from
In distinguish ASK, whether about carrier frequency symmetrically distinguish AM and CW further according to frequency spectrum.
Step 5: carrying out phase modulated signal difference, that is, pass through phase step and instantaneous frequency kurtosis, and packet
The discrete spectral line generated by symbol rate in network spectrum, phase and frequency modulation system is distinguished；Identification between phase modulated signal,
It will be judged using the planisphere of blind demodulation mode.Phase modulated signal is single-carrier signal, and instantaneous frequency kurtosis value is larger,
Using envelope frequency spectrum, then tentatively regarded if there is symbol rate information according to a certain range detection symbols rate information according to bandwidth value
For phase modulated signal, the identification between phase modulated signal MPSK and MQAM is judged using the planisphere of blind demodulation mode,
If Fig. 4 is certain 8PSK Modulation Identification process planisphere.
Step 6: carrying out frequency modulated signal difference, i.e., the waveform after frequency discrimination is subjected to spectrum analysis, if frequency spectrum is main
It is distributed in low-frequency range and is then considered as FSK modulation, if instead frequency spectrum is mainly concentrated in certain band, then can be considered that FM is modulated.At the beginning of this
Step realizes the differentiation of analog-modulated and digital modulation.It is modulated if it is FM, the waveform after just demodulating also is needed to utilize waveform again
Kurtosis value and secondary frequency discrimination after baseband signal whether confirm as FM (2FSK) with secondary with symbol rate information
The signal of modulation.The symbol rate estimation of FM (2FSK) is identical as 2FSK symbol rates estimation mode；If it is conventional continuous FSK modulation
Signal, symbol rate estimation can utilize the discrete spectral line feature assessment of instantaneous frequency；If it is burst FSK, not because of its symbol quantity
Reach certain requirement, is difficult to realize using aforesaid way, it need to be by estimating that each code element number of samples realizes symbol rate estimation；If
It is that 2FSK is modulated, and modulation index then recycles the discrete spectral line feature of the quadratic power spectrum of original signal close to 0.5 to have sentenced card,
Sentence whether card is MSK modulated signals.
Step 7: distinguishing signal and noise with the fluctuation of instantaneous envelope.Due to part distinctive signal direct estimation or
Extracting the information such as the symbol rate of signal, there are certain difficulties；It needs to start other modes subregion identification distinctive signal；For special
Signal needs to start the automatic identification module recognition detection of these distinctive signals, mainly using the frequency spectrum of the power side of signal
Figure carrys out recognition detection.
Step 8: the majority decision of multiple recognition result.
Using the result cascading judgement repeatedly identified, and consider the relationship that each recognition result is shown in, finally clear quilt
The modulation system of identification signal and other satellite informations.To the final Modulation Identification conclusion of a signal, it is primary certain is not relied on
As a result it weighs.To improve accuracy and the reliability of identification, need using the result cascading judgement repeatedly identified, and comprehensive
Consider the relationship that each recognition result is shown in, is finally just clearly identified the modulation system and other satellite informations of signal.Specifically
Majority decision can be different according to different situations.
Main Basiss signal time-frequency figure of the present invention, frequency spectrum, temporal pattern (original waveform, instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous frequency etc.)
Correlated characteristic and certain frequency spectrum of time domain waveform whether there is apparent discrete spectral line and statistical parameter (such as：Kurtosis), it is real
Existing parameter extraction.If by certain transformation or processing, matching symbol rate or spectrum signature can be obtained, illustrate for pair
Answer modulation system.The present invention will also take majority decision criterion, carry out cascading judgement to the result repeatedly identified, be formed to being known
The more reliable description of level signal modulation system.
Parameter type based on extraction and concrete condition, the present invention are carried out using traditional decision-tree, entire Modulation Identification mould
Block extracts reliable parameter in mainly being showed from the correlation of the time-frequency figure of signal, spectrogram, instantaneous parameters and is identified；Include mainly
Feature：Whether certain frequency spectrum of time domain waveform (original waveform, instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous frequency etc.) has apparent discrete spectrum
Line, time domain waveform certain statistical parameters (such as：Remove mean normalization variance, mean square deviation and average ratio, kurtosis).Identification process
In the spectrogram or Time-domain Statistics of middle these different aspects by selective analysis signal, more reliable reference value is therefrom extracted
Information becomes the reliable basis of Automatic modulation classification.Wherein, more more outstanding to be, it, can by certain transformation or processing
Symbol rate information is obtained, that just illustrates that signal is digital modulation mode.
Finally, system will take majority decision criterion, carry out cascading judgement to the result repeatedly identified, be formed to identified
The more reliably description of signal modulation mode.
The present invention is mainly using the mode identification method of feature based extraction, including pretreatment, feature extraction and classification
Algorithm.Wherein, pretreated content is related with specific algorithm, but mostly includes carrier frequency, symbol rate, bandwidth, power estimation etc..By
It is not only simple in the Modulation Identification implementation of feature based extraction, and when classifier design is reasonable, classification performance is also excellent
More.
Exhaustive presentation carried out to a kind of Automatic modulation classification method provided by the present invention above, tool used herein
Principle and implementation of the present invention are described for body example, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand this hair
Bright method and its core concept；Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, specific real
Apply there will be changes in mode and application range, to the present invention change and improvement will be it is possible, it is attached without exceeding
Add the conception and scope of claim defined, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges, it is characterised in that：Method and step is as follows
Step 1: orderly importing data；
Step 2: the data to importing carry out the sudden detection of time domain；
Step 3: the data to importing carry out frequency domain segmentation；
Step 4: carrying out am signals differentiation, distinguished by discrete spectral line quantity within the scope of signal bandwidth and distribution situation
Identify ASK, AM, CW modulated signal；
Step 5: carry out phase modulated signal differentiation, by the way that phase is discontinuous and instantaneous frequency kurtosis, by phase-modulation and
Frequency modulated mode is distinguished, and is identified and will be judged using the planisphere of blind demodulation between phase modulated signal class；
Step 6: carrying out frequency modulated signal differentiation, for frequency modulated signal, the waveform after frequency discrimination is subjected to spectrum analysis,
It just is judged to FSK modulation if frequency spectrum is mainly distributed on low-frequency range, if instead frequency spectrum is mainly concentrated in band, is then considered as FM tune
It makes, identifies and will be realized using the statistical property of instantaneous frequency between FSK modulation class；
Step 7: unknown signaling and noise are distinguished, realized by the fluctuation of instantaneous envelope statistical parameter；
Step 8: the majority decision of multiple recognition result, using the result cascading judgement repeatedly identified, and considers each knowledge
Relationship between other result is finally clearly identified the modulation system and other satellite informations of signal.
2. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1
In, data be ordered into ground import modul inside open larger circular buffer area, recognizer by circular buffer area gradually, by
The development Classification and Identification of section, data, which are imported, to be realized with identification using different threads.
3. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 2,
Envelope to importing data carries out smaller slice segmentation, by front and back two sections of energy jumps, judges signal time domain continuity or prominent
Hair detection；Meanwhile the signal section for detecting Time Domain Piecewise is for frequency domain carriers and bandwidth estimation and follow-up identifying processing.
4. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step 3,
Using the value between frequency spectrum intermediate zone and signal as noise gate, it is applied to bandwidth and center frequency estimation；By the signal band of estimation
Energy in wide scope and it is used as narrowband signal-to-noise ratio with the ratio between the energy summation within the scope of narrow band filter.
5. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4,
After completing frequency domain segmentation, the whole valid data of this section need to be utilized to calculate High-Resolution Spectral, retrieval is distributed feelings with interior discrete spectral line
Condition, and SNR criterion is used to detect whether as discrete spectral line, if frequency spectrum existence anduniquess discrete spectral line, tentatively determine whether AM,
Then whether CW, ASK signal there is symbol rate information therefrom to distinguish ASK, further according to spectral bandwidth and about load according to signal
Frequency symmetry distinguishes AM, is otherwise considered as CW signals；If preliminary judgement is modulated for AM, the peak for further utilizing its envelope is also needed
The judgement of state characteristic value is AM speeches or AM 2FSK Multi-modulation signals, for the AM 2FSK signals of secondary modulation, number
Modulation symbol rate estimates mode using general 2FSK symbol rates.
6. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 5,
Phase modulated signal is single-carrier signal, and instantaneous frequency kurtosis value is larger, using envelope frequency spectrum, according to bandwidth value according to certain
Range detection symbol rate information is then tentatively considered as phase modulated signal, phase modulated signal MPSK if there is symbol rate information
Identification between MQAM is judged using the planisphere of blind demodulation mode.
7. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 6,
For frequency modulated signal, the waveform after frequency discrimination is subjected to spectrum analysis, is considered as if frequency spectrum is mainly distributed on low-frequency range
FSK modulation is then considered as FM modulation if instead frequency spectrum is mainly concentrated in certain band, this tentatively realizes that analog-modulated and number are adjusted
The differentiation of system.
8. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：If FM tune
Whether system, the then baseband signal after also needing the waveform after just demodulating to utilize waveform peak state value and frequency discrimination again there is symbol rate to believe
It ceases to confirm the Multi-modulation signal for the 2FSK modulation in FM, the symbol rate estimation of the 2FSK modulation in FM and 2FSK symbol rates
Estimation mode is similar；If it is continuous fsk modulated signal, symbol rate estimation can utilize instantaneous frequency discrete spectral line feature assessment；
It is difficult to realize, need to be passed through using aforesaid way because the symbol quantity of one section of bursty data is not up to required if it is burst FSK
Each code element number of samples realizes symbol rate estimation according to a preliminary estimate.
9. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：If having sentenced card
It is modulated for 2FSK, and modulation index then recycles the discrete spectral line feature of the quadratic power spectrum of original signal, sentencing card is close to 0.5
No is MSK modulated signals.
10. a kind of Automatic modulation classification method of VHF/UHF frequency ranges according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 7
In, to unique discrete spectral line is not present in frequency spectrum and without the signal of symbol rate information, by the fluctuation of instantaneous envelope come area
Point unknown signaling and noise due to part distinctive signal direct estimation or extract the symbol rate information of signal there are certain difficulties；
It needs to start other modes subregion identification distinctive signal；Need to start the automatic identification mould of these distinctive signals for distinctive signal
Block recognition detection, mainly using the power side's spectrogram or blind demodulation mode of signal come recognition detection.
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