CN105205304A - 音乐色彩通感可视化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种音乐色彩通感可视化方法,属于认知心理学、色彩学和计算机图形学领域,涉及色彩的音乐通感关系可视化和音乐化色彩组合方案生成。该方法以色阶***再现音阶***,以色彩关系再现音乐元素,实现色彩与音乐元素的通感转换,并在此基础上展开音乐结构的色彩图形化转换。实施内容包括:色彩音阶化、色彩和弦化、色彩旋律化和色彩织体化等。该方法适用于音乐信息可视化工程、音乐表演同步可视化艺术、听觉残障人士音乐欣赏辅助和音乐主题视觉艺术创作等领域的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于认知心理学、色彩学和计算机图形学领域,涉及色彩的音乐通感关系可视化和音乐化色彩组合方案生成方法。
背景技术
音乐与色彩有着紧密的感知关联性,二者在人类的听觉与视觉之间普遍存在通感(或称联觉)关系。然而,既有的成果多为对这种通感关系实在性的理论证实和描述,缺乏可用于工程实现的通感转换推算方法。
现有的音乐与色彩通感(联觉)关系定义和原理主要面向音调和色相的概念性对应关系。这些理论既缺乏具体的量化方法,也没能结合色彩的纯度和明度等因素形成完整体系,无法解构音调循环和音阶叠加关系,及更为复杂的音色、和声、旋律、织体等其他综合的结构性因素。因此依据既有的理论无法展开***化的音乐色彩可视化实施和应用。
本发明提出了一种音阶化色彩通感映射原则,并继而发展出一套音乐色彩可视化的综合因素推算方法,解决了音乐色彩可视化的基本技术。本套***的音乐色彩可视化方法能用于跨声音和图像媒介交互、艺术创作、智能化设计等领域。
发明内容
本发明是一种面向音乐的色彩通感可视化方法。音阶化色彩序列推算方法是该发明的基础,包括以下原则。
1.根据呈现介质的不同,分别采用下表所列的颜料或印刷、屏幕呈现和色光混合三种色相值方案(用于颜料或印刷和屏幕呈现介质时,采用HSL/HSB色彩模式)。其中,用色光混合时,#A(bB)和B两个音调对应的色相分别用波长650纳米的红光和波长428纳米的蓝光混合而成,#A(bB)调红蓝光比为1/2,B调红蓝光比为2/1。这三种色相值方案都遵循每隔八度的音阶所对应的色相值重复相等,即每一个八度音阶对应的色相值在色相环上循环一次。根据上述色相推算方法,每个音阶在HSL或HSB色相环上对应的角度可同时在-15度到+15度之间调节,当按光波长度推算时,每个色阶对应的波长可在—18纳米到+18纳米之间调节。
2.在用颜料混和、印刷输出或屏幕呈现模式下,在HSL或HSV色立体的纯度与明度轴上分别取最小值和最大值,并根据色阶总数量平分最小值与最大值区间,即按等差梯度原则为每个具体色阶取对应的纯度值和明度值。根据总音域跨度或八度音阶叠加次数决定整每个色阶的数量。同时,通过分别控制纯度和明度的最大值和最小值,调整对应的色阶序列总跨度及每个音阶对应颜色的纯度和明度值,实现以色阶序列整体变化模拟音色特征的变化。结合由调高决定的色相值和音高决定的纯度、明度值,推算出每一个音阶对应颜色的色相、纯度和明度值,得出与音阶对应的色阶序列。该色阶序列在HSL或HSB色立体中呈螺旋形结构。
3.在用色光混合模式下,通过个音调对应的色光强度和与中性白光的混合比例,达到均匀的亮度和艳度梯度变化,形成光色阶序列。其中,色光的亮度和艳度越高,对应的音阶越高,色光的亮度和艳度越低,对应的音阶越低。在同一色阶序列方案中,色光的亮度和艳度随色阶序列呈均匀梯度走向变化。
在音阶化色彩序列推算方法基础上,可以依据音乐和弦的构成原理搭配色彩组合,即根据音乐和弦的结构,推算出对应的色彩和弦组合。色彩和弦在以图形形式呈现时,各颜色所占面积由大到小遵循如下顺序:主音色、属音色、中音色及其它音对应的颜色。在推算色彩和弦化组合时,各色阶对应的纯度值和明度值不因色相值的调整变化而变化。
在运用色彩图形实现音乐旋律可视化时,各颜色的不透明度、色块重复数量、线条长度或宽度、所占面积、显现时长等因素均与对应音在旋律中的持续时长成正比,与对应音在旋律中的强度呈反比。
在运用色彩图形实现音乐织体可视化时,每个声部旋律对应的颜色构成一个完整的主题图形对象,和弦对应的颜色构成无主题背景纹理。
当对应音乐有多个声部时,画面中有多个对应主题图形相互交织呼应。
在面对不同调高的音乐时,按照音乐中根据调式高低推算音乐结构的方法同理类推出对应的色阶、和弦、旋律及织体等具体的色彩组合。
该发明的色彩数据计算方法,分别基于HSL、HSB(HSV)色彩模式和光色混合模式,但可以转化成CMYK色彩模式用于印刷输出或以颜料混合实现。
附图说明
图1是一个跨4个八度音阶的色彩序列对应的色彩要素值。
图2是根据图1所列色阶方案的小字一组C调常见色彩和弦组合。
图3是一个C大调三和弦的色彩组合图形。
图4是一个音乐片段对应的旋律色彩可视化实例。
图5是一个音乐片段对应的和声织体色彩可视化实例。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明在HSB色彩模式下的一种具体实施方式举例描述。需要注意的是,下列实施案例仅作为方法说明实例,本发明不限于下列具体实施案例范围。
在HSB色彩模式下,音阶化色彩序列推算方法包含色相、纯度和明度的同步音阶化序列推算,并且在这三个要素维度上重复叠加推算数值。其中,色相值的推算方法根据色彩呈现介质不同,分别采用颜料(印刷)和屏幕呈现两种推算原则,且每个音调的高八度音或低八度音所对应的色相值完全相等,每一个八度音阶在色相环上对应一次循环。
纯度和明度值的推算方法如:在HSB色彩空间的纯度——明度切面上分别设置纯度和明度最小值交点,及纯度和明度最大值交点,连接这两点形成纯度明度轴;在纯度明度轴上根据色彩序列的总音域平分最小值和最大值区间,每个平分点的坐标即为各对应色阶的纯度值和明度值。其中,纯度值和明度值较低的一端对应较低音阶,纯度值和明度值较高的一端对应较高音阶,最低音对应纯度和明度最小值,最高音对应纯度和明度最大值。
将色相值、纯度值和明度值推算方法结合起来,在HSB色立体空间中形成一个呈螺旋形分布的颜色序列,即是音阶化的色阶序列。其中,总音域和音色两个因素决定该色阶序列的跨度和色彩特征。总音域最低为跨1个八度音阶(共13个半音阶),最高可跨8个八度音阶(共97个半音阶)。纯度和明度可能的最低值为0,最高值为100。
根据上述原则,如果一个色阶序列跨度对应的总音域跨越4个八度音,最低音对应的颜色纯度值为38,明度值为0,最高音对应的颜色纯度值为86,明度值为96,则推算出该色阶序列的具体数值见图1所示。
根据上表所列数据,该音阶化色阶序列的小字一组C调音所对应颜色的HSB值分别为:H0,S62,B48。除C调音以外,各色阶对应的色相值因光色媒介不同各对应两个数值,但纯度与明度值不因光色媒介不同而改变。
在上述音阶化色彩序列推算方法基础上,依据音乐和弦构成原理可以搭配对应的色彩组合。如果按图1所列的跨4个八度音阶化色彩方案,根音为小字一组C调所对应的主要和弦化色彩组合见图2。
当色彩和弦以图形形式呈现时,各颜色所占面积由大到小遵循如下顺序:主音色、属音色、中音色及其它音对应的颜色。图3为图2中所列的大调三和弦(即C和弦)的图形呈现效果,其中,图3-A为用于屏幕或光色模式的方案,图3-B为用于颜料混合与打印输出模式的方案。图3-A的颜色HSB值分别为:H0,S62,B48;H120,S66,B56;H210,S69,B62。图3-B的颜色HSB值分别为:H0,S62,B48;H56,S66,B56;H192,S69,B62。
在运用色彩图形再现音乐旋律时,运用色彩构图因素实现音乐旋律的可视化再现。图4是通过构图因素对莫扎特C大调钢琴奏鸣曲(K.545)第82-84小节的旋律声部色彩可视化实例。其中,图4-A为旋律声部曲谱和各音对应的颜色,图4-B体现第82小节每个音对应颜色的色块重复数量与该音在旋律中的持续时长成正比,图4-C体现第83小节每个音对应颜色所占面积与该音在旋律中的持续时长成正比,图4-D体现第84小节每个音对应颜色的线条宽度与该音在旋律中的持续时长成正比。
在运用色彩图形再现音乐织体时,每个声部旋律对应的颜色构成一个完整的主题图形对象,多声部复调音乐可再现为多个主题图形对象交织的画面,和弦伴奏声部对应的颜色则构成无主题背景纹理。图5是莫扎特C大调钢琴奏鸣曲(K.545)第74-75小节的和声织体结构色彩可视化实例。图5-A为旋律声部曲谱和各音对应的颜色。图5-B为这段音乐的色彩可视化图形,其中背景对应的是和弦伴奏声部,主题图形对应的是旋律声部。
本说明书实施例所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思的实现形式的列举,本发明的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式,本发明的保护范围也及于根据本发明构思所能够想到的等同技术手段和实现形式。
Claims (8)
1.一种音乐色彩通感可视化方法,包括以下内容:
1)音阶化色阶序列推算方法,包括以下原则与步骤:
根据呈现介质的不同,色相值的推算方法分别按用于颜料或印刷、屏幕呈现和色光混合三种方式,设置各音调对应色相值;
在用颜料混和、印刷输出或屏幕呈现模式下,根据色阶总数量分别在HSL或HSB(HSV)色立体的纯度和明度轴上平分最小值与最大值区间,即按等差梯度原则确定每个色阶取对应的纯度值和明度值;
在用颜料混和、印刷输出或屏幕呈现模式下,在HSL或HSB色立体上结合由调高决定的色相值和音高决定的纯度、明度值,推算出每一个音阶对应颜色的色相、纯度和明度值,得出与音阶对应的色阶序列;
在用色光混合模式下,通过个音调对应的色光强度和与中性白光的混合比例,达到均匀的亮度和艳度梯度变化,形成光色阶序列;
2)色彩组合和弦化方法,即根据音乐和弦的构成原则,推算出每一个和弦构成音所对应的颜色,构成与该音乐和弦对应的色彩组合;
3)音乐旋律的图形化方法,即体现每个音对应颜色的不透明度、色块重复数量、线条长度或宽度、所占面积、显现时长等因素与该音在旋律中的持续时长和强度等因素的关系;
4)音乐织体的图形化方法,即每个旋律声部对应的颜色构成一个完整的主题图形对象,和弦声部对应的颜色构成无主题背景纹理。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,每一个八度音阶对应的色相值按色相环轮回一次,在纯度与明度轴上则根据总音域跨度和八度音阶叠加次数决定整每个色阶的数量。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,在纯度轴与明度轴上,分别控制最大值和最小值,以调整对应的色阶序列总跨度,及每个音阶对应颜色的纯度和明度值,达到用色阶序列整体变化再现音色变化的效果。
4.根据权利要求1的色相与音阶推算方法,在用颜料混和、印刷输出或屏幕呈现模式下,每个音阶在HSL或HSB色相环上对应的角度可同时在-15度到+15度之间调节。
5.根据权利要求1的色相与音阶推算方法,在色光混合模式下按光波长度推算时,每个色阶对应的波长可在—18纳米到+18纳米之间调节。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,色彩和弦在以图形形式呈现时,各颜色所占面积由大到小遵循如下顺序:主音色、属音色、中音色及其它音对应的颜色。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,按照音乐中根据调式高低推算音乐结构的方法类推色阶、和弦、旋律及织体等具体色彩组合。
8.权利要求1的方法当基于HSL或HSB色彩模式,并用于印刷输出和颜料混合实现时可以转化成CMYK色彩模式。
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