CN105203383B - A kind of fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible - Google Patents
A kind of fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible Download PDFInfo
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- CN105203383B CN105203383B CN201510565595.XA CN201510565595A CN105203383B CN 105203383 B CN105203383 B CN 105203383B CN 201510565595 A CN201510565595 A CN 201510565595A CN 105203383 B CN105203383 B CN 105203383B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fracture examination methods of turning blue of simple possible, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：One, sample and cutting are intercepted on bar, strip plate or suitable square billet after forging rolling, the length of the steel interception sample of diameter≤50mm is 100mm, the cutting on the side wall of sample, the thickness of steel interception sample of the diameter within the scope of 50mm~100mm is 15 20mm, and central score is run through at sample cross；Two, sample with cutting under its austenitizing temperature is kept the temperature to a period of time, then quenched, temper；Three, sample is once fractureed；Four, by the natural cooling in air of the sample after fractureing.The invention has the beneficial effects that：Heat treatment process simple possible, without being further added by the process of giving a protective coating to metal objects, the operating time shortens 6 hours sample；Examine section cleaner, color of turning blue is uniform, and it is high-visible that inclusion distribution detects effect.
Description
Technical field
It turns blue fracture examination method the present invention relates to one kind, and in particular to a kind of fracture examination side of turning blue of simple possible
Method.
Background technology
It is a kind of conventional means being used for detecting steel macroscopic view field trash that fracture, which gives a protective coating to metal objects, it is by steel fracture sample heat
Treatment furnace is toasted at a temperature of 300-350 DEG C, until fracture face forms black and blue color film, observes point of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel
Cloth.
It is described in detail so that SKF D30 turn blue fracture examination method as an example below.
(1) SKF D30 fracture examination methods of turning blue are only applicable to the fractures that turn blue such as low-carbon alloy steel such as G20CrNi2Mo and are mingled with
Quality testing is tested, and it is single to be related to steel grade, is not suitable for the fractures that turn blue such as medium high carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel
Field trash is examined.
(2) since the sample after fractureing gives a protective coating to metal objects in resistance furnace, oxidizing atmosphere is influenced in by stove, so section pole
Section turns blue uneven color when being vulnerable to pollution, and then can cause to give a protective coating to metal objects, and when operating the time be difficult to control, effect of giving a protective coating to metal objects
It is undesirable.
(3) in addition, quenched high-carbon-chromium bearing steel is after 300-350 DEG C of tempering, fractograph is still that porcelain columnar fracture (is returned
Fiery martensitic structure), it is not the bacillar structure required by field trash fracture examination.
It can be seen that all to cause field trash to show unclear for the above factors.
Invention content
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple possible, suitable senior middle school low-carbons
The fracture examination method of turning blue of the steel grades such as steel alloy, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel, by obtaining well, clearly
It turns blue fractograph, can accurately evaluate macroscopical inclusion content distribution in steel.
In order to realize that above-mentioned target, the present invention adopt the following technical scheme that：
A kind of fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
One, it samples：Sample is intercepted on bar, strip plate or suitable square billet after forging rolling,
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, the length for intercepting sample is 100mm；
(2) steel for diameter within the scope of 50mm~100mm, the thickness for intercepting sample are 15-20mm；
Two, cutting：
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, middle position opens a slot on the side wall of sample, and the depth of slot is examination
The one third of sample diameter, slot bottom are sharp；
(2) steel for diameter within the scope of 50mm~100mm, center of being crossed at sample cross open one through examination
The slot of the entire cross section of sample, the depth of slot are the one third of sample thickness, and slot bottom is sharp；
Three, it is heat-treated：Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched
Fire, temper；
Four, it fractures：By sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine or pressure testing machine, make the impact edge of a knife
It matches with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under shock loading or pressure effect；
Five, it aoxidizes：By the sample after fractureing, natural cooling, fracture surface of sample face are shown clearly after air oxidation in air
Blue；
Six, it observes：The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole or no more than 10 times magnifying glasses, records the fracture face that turns blue
The distribution situation of upper non-metallic inclusion.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible above-mentioned, which is characterized in that in cutting step, using machining side
Formula or electric spark mode carry out cutting.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible above-mentioned, which is characterized in that in the heat treatment step, the work of heat treatment
Skill is：
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel：900 ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, quenching-in water, 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, heat preservation
It comes out of the stove within 60 minutes air-cooled；
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel：880 ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, water or oil quenching, 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings,
Heat preservation is come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes；
(3) for high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel：880 ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, 580 ± 10 DEG C
High tempering, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes；
(4) for high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel：980 ± 20 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 700 ± 20 DEG C of high temperings are protected
Temperature is come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible above-mentioned, which is characterized in that in breaking step,
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel：When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, sample is fractureed；
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel, high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel：When specimen temperature is down to
When blue shortness temperature, sample is fractureed rapidly, fracture is given a protective coating to metal objects using residual temperature.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible above-mentioned, which is characterized in that in oxidation step, for diameter≤
The smaller sample of 40mm, takes Insulation to make sample Slow cooling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that：
(1) because sample is after high tempering, temperature is down to blue shortness temperature (300-350 DEG C), no longer needs to toast, so this
The method of inspection of invention simplifies heat treatment process compared with original method of inspection, and operating process shortens 6 hours；
(2) it because sample is after high tempering, fractureing rapidly when reaching blue shortness temperature, field trash is shown clearly, so this
The method of inspection of invention is compared with original method of inspection, and operation is simple and feasible；
(3) because fractureing in blue shortness temperature, section is toasted using itself waste heat, without being toasted in resistance furnace, so this
The method of inspection of invention examines section cleaner compared with original method of inspection, and inclusion distribution detection effect is high-visible,
It can be examined for steel degree of purity and reliable data support is provided；
(4) method of inspection of the invention is applicable not only to the fracture examination that turns blue of low-carbon alloy steel, and is suitable for middle carbon
The fracture examination that turns blue of the steel grades such as steel alloy, high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel, it is applied widely.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that sample and the schematic diagram of cutting are intercepted on the bar of diameter=80mm；
Fig. 2 is that sample and the schematic diagram of cutting are intercepted on the bar of diameter=40mm；
Fig. 3 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 2；
Fig. 5 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 3；
Fig. 6 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 4；
Fig. 7 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 5；
Fig. 8 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 6.
Specific implementation mode
Specific introduce is made to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The type of steel：20CrMnTi (low-carbon alloy steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 95mm
One, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
Two, cutting
Center is crossed at sample cross and opens a slot for running through the entire cross section of sample, and the depth of slot is sample thickness
One third, slot bottom are sharp.
Cutting, such as plane milling V-groove or wire cutting fluting processing method are carried out using machining mode or electric spark mode.
The purpose of cutting is easy for disposably fractureing sample, its edge is avoided to generate plastic deformation, and it is aobvious to influence field trash
Show.
Three, it is heat-treated
Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched, temper.
The specific process of the heat treatment is：900 (± 10) DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, quenching-in water, and 580 (± 10) DEG C high temperature return
Fire, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
After high tempering, sample obtains bacillar structure, and the sample after fractureing is not necessarily to give a protective coating to metal objects in resistance furnace,
So section is not easy to be stained with greasy dirt, it is beneficial to field trash and clearly shows.
Four, it fractures
When specimen temperature is down to 300-350 DEG C of blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down fracture machine support
On platform, so that the impact edge of a knife is matched with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under impact loading.
Five, it aoxidizes
By the sample after fractureing, natural cooling, fracture surface of sample face show clearly blue after air oxidation in air.
Six, it observes
The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole, records the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
If there are non-metallic inclusions, field trash to be appeared in fracture indigo plant film along rolling direction with white wire strip feature in steel.
It has been observed that fracture face turns blue clearly, and clearly shows informal voucher shape field trash.
Fig. 3 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 1, and field trash is artificially outlined by rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 2
The type of steel：40Cr (medium carbon alloy steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 90mm
One, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
Two, cutting
Center is crossed at sample cross and opens a slot for running through the entire cross section of sample, and the depth of slot is three points of thickness
One of, slot bottom is sharp.
Three, it is heat-treated
Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched, temper.
The specific process of the heat treatment is：880 (± 10) DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, quenching-in water, and 580 (± 10) DEG C high temperature return
Fire, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
Four, it fractures
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine, make punching
It hits the edge of a knife to match with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under impact loading, baked fracture using residual temperature
It is blue.Because without being toasted in resistance furnace, so fracture face indigo plant film is clean, field trash is shown clearly.
Five, it aoxidizes
By the natural cooling in air of the sample after fractureing.
Six, it observes
The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole, records the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
It has been observed that fracture face turns blue clearly, and clearly shows informal voucher shape inclusion characteristic.
Fig. 4 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 2, and field trash is artificially outlined by rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 3
The type of steel：9SiCr (alloy tool steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 50mm
One, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the length of sample is 100mm.
Two, cutting
Middle position opens a slot on the side wall of sample, and the depth of slot is the one third of specimen finish, slot bottom point
It is sharp.
Three, it is heat-treated
Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched, temper.
The specific process of the heat treatment is：880 (± 10) DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 580 (± 10) DEG C high temperature return
Fire, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
Four, it fractures
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine, make punching
It hits the edge of a knife to match with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under impact loading, baked fracture using residual temperature
It is blue.
Five, it aoxidizes
By the natural cooling in air of the sample after fractureing.
Six, it observes
The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole, records the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
It has been observed that fracture face turns blue clearly, and clearly show dotted white field trash.
Fig. 5 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 3, and field trash is artificially outlined by rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 4
The type of steel：GCr15SiMn (high-carbon-chromium bearing steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 42mm
One, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the length of sample is 100mm.
Two, cutting
Middle position opens a slot on the side wall of sample, and the depth of slot is the one third of specimen finish, slot bottom point
It is sharp.
Three, it is heat-treated
Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched, temper.
The specific process of the heat treatment is：880 (± 10) DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 580 (± 10) DEG C high temperature return
Fire, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
Four, it fractures
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine, make punching
It hits the edge of a knife to match with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under impact loading, baked fracture using residual temperature
It is blue.
Five, it aoxidizes
By the natural cooling in air of the sample after fractureing.
As size of sample≤40mm, certain Insulation can be taken to make sample Slow cooling, to prevent from examining in batch
When testing, multiple samples are rapid simultaneously cooling, and the specimen temperature of subsequent survey is caused to drop to 300 DEG C hereinafter, fracture indigo plant film can not
It is formed.
Six, it observes
The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole, records the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
It has been observed that fracture face turns blue clearly, and clearly show dotted white field trash.
Fig. 6 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 4, and field trash is artificially outlined by rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 5
The type of steel：9Cr18Mo (high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 100mm
One, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
Two, cutting
Center is crossed at sample cross and opens a slot for running through the entire cross section of sample, and the depth of slot is specimen finish
One third, slot bottom are sharp.
Three, it is heat-treated
Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched, temper.
The specific process of the heat treatment is：980 (± 20) DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 700 (± 20) DEG C high temperature return
Fire, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
Four, it fractures
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine, make punching
It hits the edge of a knife to match with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under impact loading, baked fracture using residual temperature
It is blue.
Five, it aoxidizes
By the natural cooling in air of the sample after fractureing.
Six, it observes
The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole, records the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
It has been observed that fracture face turns blue clearly, and clearly shows informal voucher shape field trash.
Fig. 7 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 5, and field trash is artificially outlined by rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 6
The type of steel：GCr15SiMn (high-carbon-chromium bearing steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 100mm
One, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the thickness of sample is 15mm.
Two, cutting
Center is crossed at sample cross and opens a slot for running through the entire cross section of sample, and the depth of slot is three points of thickness
One of, slot bottom is sharp.
Three, it is heat-treated
Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, is then quenched, temper.
The specific process of the heat treatment is：880 (± 10) DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 580 (± 10) DEG C high temperature return
Fire, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes.
Four, it fractures
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine, make punching
It hits the edge of a knife to match with sample cutting center line, sample once fractures under impact loading.
Five, it aoxidizes
By the natural cooling in air of the sample after fractureing.
Six, it observes
The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole, records the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
It has been observed that fracture face turns blue clearly, and clearly shows informal voucher shape field trash.
Fig. 8 is inclusion distribution detection design sketch corresponding with embodiment 6, and field trash is artificially outlined by rectangular wire frame.
Original method of inspection：
The type of steel：GCr15SiMn (high-carbon-chromium bearing steel)
The specification of steel：Diameter 90mm
One, checkout procedure：
1, it samples
Sample is directly intercepted on rear bar from forging to roll, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
2, cutting
Center is crossed at sample cross and opens a slot for running through the entire cross section of sample, and the depth of slot is three points of thickness
One of, slot bottom is sharp.
3, sample is heat-treated
900 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 300 DEG C of tempering (obtaining bacillar structure) keep the temperature 60 minutes skies of coming out of the stove
It is cold, it fractures on fracture machine after being cooled to room temperature.
4, it aoxidizes
Fracture sample is toasted with heat-treatment furnace at a temperature of 300-350 DEG C, until fracture face forms black and blue color film, is seen
Examine the distribution of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel.
Two, inspection result：
Influenced by carbon content, alloying elements distribution, give a protective coating to metal objects temperature, time of fracture should not be controlled, fractured edge, centre and
Center film uneven color of turning blue is even, causes field trash to show unclear, can not detect whether that there are field trashes.
By comparison：
(1) when temperature has reached blue shortness temperature (300-350 DEG C), it is rapid after sample thermally treated (quenching-tempering)
It fractures, no longer needs to toast, so the method for inspection of the present invention simplifies heat treatment process compared with original method of inspection, grasp
It is shortened 6 hours as process.
(2) sample fractures in blue shortness temperature, is avoided using itself waste heat baking section without being toasted in resistance furnace
Section pollutes in operation, so the method for inspection of the present invention, compared with original method of inspection, heat treatment process is easy,
Examine section cleaner, inclusion distribution test effect is high-visible.
It should be noted that the invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, it is all to use equivalent replacement or equivalent change
The technical solution that the mode changed is obtained, all falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
One, it samples：Sample is intercepted on bar, strip plate or suitable square billet after forging rolling,
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, the length for intercepting sample is 100mm；
(2) steel for diameter within the scope of 50mm~100mm, the thickness for intercepting sample are 15-20mm；
Two, cutting：
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, middle position opens a slot on the side wall of sample, and the depth of slot is that sample is straight
The one third of diameter, slot bottom are sharp；
(2) steel for diameter within the scope of 50mm~100mm, center of being crossed at sample cross open one through sample it is whole
The slot of a cross section, the depth of slot are the one third of sample thickness, and slot bottom is sharp；
Three, it is heat-treated：Sample with cutting is kept the temperature into a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then quenched, returned
Fire processing；
Four, it fractures：By sample cutting placed face down in the supporting table of fracture machine or pressure testing machine, make the impact edge of a knife and examination
Sample cutting center line matches, under shock loading or pressure effect that sample is fast when the temperature of sample reaches blue shortness temperature
Speed fractures；
Five, it aoxidizes：By the sample after fractureing, natural cooling, fracture surface of sample face show clearly blue after air oxidation in air
Color；
Six, it observes：The fracture sample that turns blue is observed with bore hole or no more than 10 times magnifying glasses, is recorded non-on the fracture face that turns blue
The distribution situation of metallic inclusion.
2. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in cutting step,
Cutting is carried out using machining mode or electric spark mode.
3. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in heat treatment step
In, process of thermal treatment is：
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel：900 ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, quenching-in water, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings keep the temperature 60 points
Clock is come out of the stove air-cooled；
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel：880 ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, water or oil quenching, 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, heat preservation
It comes out of the stove within 60 minutes air-cooled；
(3) for high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel：880 ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperature
Tempering, heat preservation are come out of the stove air-cooled for 60 minutes；
(4) for high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel：980 ± 20 DEG C keep the temperature 60 minutes, oil quenching, 700 ± 20 DEG C of high temperings, heat preservation 60
Minute comes out of the stove air-cooled.
4. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in breaking step,
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel：When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, sample is fractureed；
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel, high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high-carbon straight-chromiun stainless steel：When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness
When temperature, sample is fractureed rapidly, fracture is given a protective coating to metal objects using residual temperature.
5. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in oxidation step,
For the smaller sample of diameter≤40mm, Insulation is taken to make sample Slow cooling.
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| CN111855733A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Blue brittleness process method for detecting inclusions and white spots at macroscopic fracture of medium alloy steel |
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Effective date of registration: 20220106 Address after: No.52 Chaidamu West Road, Xining City, Qinghai Province Patentee after: Qinghai Xigang Special Steel Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.52 Chaidamu West Road, Xining City, Qinghai Province Patentee before: XINING SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. |
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