CN105198501A - Preparation method of carbon/carbon composite material surface metal tungsten gradient coating - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon/carbon composite material surface metal tungsten gradient coating Download PDF

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CN105198501A
CN105198501A CN201510655207.7A CN201510655207A CN105198501A CN 105198501 A CN105198501 A CN 105198501A CN 201510655207 A CN201510655207 A CN 201510655207A CN 105198501 A CN105198501 A CN 105198501A
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powder
carbon
sic
composite material
coating
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CN105198501B (en
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郭领军
彭坚
李贺军
李克智
付前刚
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon/carbon composite material surface metal tungsten gradient coating, which aims to solve the problems of poor compatibility between the C/C composite material and W, high tendency to generating the WC brittle phase and the like. The method comprises the following steps: previously preparing a SiC/WSi2 transition layer on the C/C composite material surface by a two-step embedding process to improve the physicochemical compatibility between the C/C composite material and metal W; and finally, successfully preparing a W coating on the C/C composite material surface coated with the SiC/WSi2 transition layer by an ultrasonic plasma spraying process, thereby preparing the C-Si-W gradient coating on the C/C composite material surface. The SiC/WSi2 transition layer and sprayed W overcoating have compact structure, and are firmly combined with the base. The C/C composite material with the C-Si-W gradient coating maintains the advantages of high strength, low specific gravity and the like, and also has excellent properties of the metal W.

Description

A kind of preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding
Technical field
The invention belongs to carbon/carbon compound material coating preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding.
Background technology
Carbon/carbon (C/C) matrix material has the incomparable excellent properties of a series of other materials, as low density, specific tenacity is high, specific modulus is large, anti-yaw damper, rub resistance, heat shock resistance, damage tolerance are high, peculiar high-temperature mechanics strength retention and good designability, no matter be applied to field of aerospace, core field, biomedicine and vehicle electric field etc., C/C matrix material all shows huge application prospect.But due to unique preparation technology of C/C matrix material and Carbon Materials self structure, the limitation of aspect of performance, makes C/C matrix material occur some shortcomings that self cannot overcome, as high-temperature oxidation resistant is poor, anti-yaw damper performance is not enough, not the series of problems such as erosion resistance.Tungsten (W) is the metal that current known fusing point is the highest, and there is the characteristics such as high strength, high elastic coefficient, low thermal coefficient of expansion, good anti-yaw damper material, around metal W research tungsten ooze copper, tungsten ooze silver etc. tungstenalloy be widely used in the field such as aerospace engine jet pipe, guided missile jet vane.As PPI company in patent 1 " AdvancedMaterialsandProcessesforBoostPhaseNozzles; RobertHickman; TimothyMcKechnie. " utilizes vacuum plasma spray coating technique to prepare W-Re and W-Re-HfC dead size jet pipe, through solid propellant rocket heat run examination (aluminized propellant, operating pressure 9MPa, temperature 3000 DEG C, working hour >2.5s), throat ablative rate is zero, shows that metal W has extremely strong anti-yaw damper ability.But the density of W is too high, which has limited its application in field of aerospace, therefore prepare the research of W coating on the surface of low density C/C matrix material, the advantage be expected to both combining prepares the material of better performance.The most ripe also the most frequently used technology of W coating preparation is plasma spraying, and Supersonic Plasma Spraying comparatively other hot-spraying techniques flying speed of partcles is faster, and melt more abundant, therefore gained anchoring strength of coating is higher, also finer and close.But do not mate due to W and C/C Thermal expansion coefficient of composites, and physical chemistry consistency is poor, C/C composite material surface W coating preparation difficulty, and the bonding strength of coating and matrix is undesirable, on the other hand, W easily and C react and generate the inefficacy that wolfram varbide (WC) brittlement phase causes coating.Document 1 " Behaviorofplasma-sprayedtungstencoatingsonCFCandgraphite underhighheatload; K.Tokunaga; N.Yoshida; N.Noda; Y.Kubota; S.Inagaki " adopts PVD to deposit the transition layer of multilayer rhenium (Re) and tungsten (W) at CFC matrix material and graphite surface respectively, then adopts plasma spraying to prepare W coating.But this method increase process complexity, cost is greatly improved.Therefore at present prepare W coating at C/C composite material surface and also there is a lot of difficult point.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved
In order to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding.
Technical scheme
A preparation method for surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding, is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1, pre-treatment C/C matrix material: carbon/carbon C/C matrix material polishing is made it surface roughening, then uses water and dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic cleaning respectively, be placed in air and dry or oven for drying;
Step 2: by Si powder, C powder, Al 2o 3powder mixes according to the mass ratio of 65-80%, 10-25%, 5-15%, puts into plumbago crucible, imbed in powder, prepare SiC/Si transition layer at carbon/carbon C/C composite material surface by a step 1 pre-treatment C/C matrix material as embedding powder;
Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 1800 ~ 2000 DEG C of insulation 2h, obtain the C/C matrix material with SiC coating, then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, and carry out cleaning-drying;
Step 3: by the Si powder of 40-60%, the C powder of 30-50%, the mass ratio of the W powder of 5-15% mixes, and put into plumbago crucible as embedding powder, the C/C matrix material with SiC coating step 2 obtained is imbedded in powder;
Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 2000 ~ 2200 DEG C of insulation 2h, obtain having SiC/WSi 2the C/C matrix material of transition layer, then makes coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, and carries out cleaning-drying;
Step 4: PVA and water are dissolved in the ratio of 1:7 in 100 DEG C of constant water bath box and is hybridly prepared into PVA glue, metal W powder is mixed with the mass ratio of 1:1 with PVA colloidal sol, even suspension liquid is formed after ultrasonic disperse 30min, and carrying out granulation process, the ball-type W obtaining diameter 30 ~ 50um sprays powder;
Step 5: with ball-type W powder for spraying powder, adopts HEPJ type Supersonic Plasma Spraying equipment at SiC/WSi 2internally coated C/C composite material surface W coating, completes the preparation of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding; Described spraying coating process is as follows: spray power 50-60KW, main air stream amount 70-80L/min, powder sending quantity 3.5-4.5r/min, nozzle tip are to specimen surface distance 10-13cm.
The polishing of described step 1 adopts 80 order flint papers.
Described step 1 be 5-10min with water and dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The granulation process of described step 4 adopts LGZ-5 sponging granulator to carry out granulation process to powder.
Beneficial effect
The preparation method of a kind of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding that the present invention proposes, for C/C matrix material and W poor compatibility, the equal problem of easy generation WC fragility, the inventive method adopts two entrapping methods to prepare SiC/WSi at C/C composite material surface in advance 2transition layer improves C/C matrix material and metal W physical chemistry consistency transition layer, finally adopts the success of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique having SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite material surface of transition layer prepares W coating, thus prepares C-Si-W gradient cladding at C/C composite material surface.SiC/WSi 2transition layer and the densification of spraying W external coating (EC) self structure, be combined with matrix firmly, preparation has the C/C matrix material of C-Si-W gradient cladding to keep the excellent properties such as self-strength is high, proportion is little, can have the excellent properties of metal W simultaneously.
The present invention adopts two entrapping methods to prepare SiC/WSi 2transition layer improves C/C matrix material and metal W physical chemistry consistency, improves the bonding strength of plasma spraying external coating (EC) and matrix, and also as blocking layer, can suppress the diffusion reaction of W and C, stops the generation of WC brittlement phase in use procedure.Metal W powder is buied to market and carries out the process of granulation ball-type to increase powder mobility thus to improve spraying effect.Finally adopt W external coating (EC) compact structure prepared by Supersonic Plasma Spraying, without obvious hole and penetrating crack.C-Si-W gradient cladding entirety is combined well with C/C matrices of composite material, has the excellent properties of metal W while keeping the excellent properties such as C/C matrix material self-strength is high, proportion is little.
It is of the present invention that to prepare coating performance brilliance, equipment requirements all not high; process parameter control is simple; and to the regular shape of material surface all without particular requirement, there is low cost, pollute little and easily realize the advantage that mass-producing efficiency produces, there is significant economic and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the C/C composite material surface SiC/WSi prepared by embodiment 3 2transition layer surface SEM photo;
Fig. 2: the C/C composite material surface SiC/WSi prepared by embodiment 3 2transition layer section S EM photo;
Fig. 3: the C/C composite material surface SiC/WSi2 transition layer surface XRD figure spectrum prepared by embodiment 3;
Fig. 4: the C/C composite material surface C-Si-W gradient cladding outside surface SEM photo prepared by embodiment 3;
Fig. 5: the C/C composite material surface C-Si-W gradient cladding section S EM photo prepared by embodiment 3;
Fig. 6: the C/C composite material surface C-Si-W gradient cladding surface XRD figure spectrum prepared by embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, the invention will be further described for accompanying drawing:
Embodiment one:
1) be ρ=1.70g/cm by 10 × 10 × 10mm specification by density 3the composite processing of C/C become sample, make it surface roughening with 80 order flint papers polishings, cleaning post-drying;
2) Si powder is bought with market, C powder, Al 2o 3powder is that raw material mixes in the ratio of 6:1:0.8, then mixed powder is placed in ball blending machine and stirs 0.5h, as embedding powder.Step 1 gained C/C sample is put into plumbago crucible, and imbeds above-mentioned powder.Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 1800 DEG C of insulation 2h, can have the C/C composite sample of certain thickness SiC/Si coating.Then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, cleaning-drying;
3) buy Si powder with market, W powder, C powder is that raw material mixes in the ratio of 6:6:1, then mixed powder is placed in ball blending machine and stirs 0.5h, as embedding powder.There is by step 2 gained the C/C sample of SiC/Si coating to put into plumbago crucible, and imbed above-mentioned powder.Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 2100 DEG C of insulation 2h, can have certain thickness SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite sample of coating.Then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, cleaning-drying;
4) PVA and water are dissolved to mix in the ratio of 1:7 in 100 DEG C of constant water bath box be mixed with PVA glue, market is buied metal W powder and be mixed into wherein, after ultrasonic disperse 30min, form even suspension liquid.Adopt LGZ-5 sponging granulator to carry out granulation process to former powder, the ball-type W obtaining diameter about 40um sprays powder;
5) adopt HEPJ type Supersonic Plasma Spraying equipment, have SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite sample surface of transition layer is with power 50KW, and powder sending quantity 4.0r/min, prepares about 50um W external coating (EC) under the spray parameters of main air stream amount 77.4L/min;
SiC-SiC/WSi prepared by the present invention 2transition layer and W external coating (EC) are all comparatively fine and close, external coating (EC) voidage≤2%, and coatingsurface is without obvious cavity and penetrating crack, and coating is combined well with C/C matrices of composite material, tensile strength 10.8MPa.
Embodiment two:
1) be ρ=1.70g/cm by φ 30 × 10mm specification by density 3the composite processing of C/C become sample, make it surface roughening with 80 order flint papers polishings, cleaning post-drying;
2) Si powder is bought with market, C powder, Al 2o 3powder is that raw material mixes in the ratio of 5:1:0.5, then mixed powder is placed in ball blending machine and stirs 0.5h, as embedding powder.Step 1 gained C/C sample is put into plumbago crucible, and imbeds above-mentioned powder.Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 1800 DEG C of insulation 2h, can have the C/C composite sample of certain thickness SiC/Si coating.Then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, cleaning-drying;
3) buy Si powder with market, W powder, C powder is that raw material mixes in the ratio of 6:6:1, then mixed powder is placed in ball blending machine and stirs 0.5h, as embedding powder.There is by step 2 gained the C/C sample of SiC/Si coating to put into plumbago crucible, and imbed above-mentioned powder.Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 2200 DEG C of insulation 2h, can have certain thickness SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite sample of coating.Then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, cleaning-drying;
4) PVA and water are dissolved to mix in the ratio of 1:7 in 100 DEG C of constant water bath box be mixed with PVA glue, market is buied metal W powder and be mixed into wherein, after ultrasonic disperse 30min, form even suspension liquid.Adopt LGZ-5 sponging granulator to carry out granulation process to former powder, the ball-type W obtaining diameter about 40um sprays powder;
5) adopt HEPJ type Supersonic Plasma Spraying equipment, have SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite sample surface of transition layer is with power 55KW, and powder sending quantity 4.0r/min, prepares about 50um W external coating (EC) under the spray parameters of main air stream amount 77.4L/min;
SiC-SiC/WSi prepared by the present invention 2transition layer and W external coating (EC) are all comparatively fine and close, external coating (EC) voidage≤2%, and coatingsurface is without obvious cavity and penetrating crack, and coating is combined well with C/C matrices of composite material, tensile strength 15.3MPa.
Embodiment three:
1) be ρ=1.70g/cm by 10 × 10 × 10mm specification by density 3the composite processing of C/C become sample, make it surface roughening with 80 order flint papers polishings, cleaning post-drying;
2) Si powder is bought with market, C powder, Al 2o 3powder is that raw material mixes in the ratio of 5:1:0.5, then mixed powder is placed in ball blending machine and stirs 0.5h, as embedding powder.Step 1 gained C/C sample is put into plumbago crucible, and imbeds above-mentioned powder.Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 2000 DEG C of insulation 2h, can have the C/C composite sample of certain thickness SiC/Si coating.Then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, cleaning-drying;
3) buy Si powder with market, W powder, C powder is that raw material mixes in the ratio of 6:5:1, then mixed powder is placed in ball blending machine and stirs 0.5h, as embedding powder.There is by step 2 gained the C/C sample of SiC/Si coating to put into plumbago crucible, and imbed above-mentioned powder.Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 2200 DEG C of insulation 2h, can have certain thickness SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite sample of coating.Then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, cleaning-drying;
4) PVA and water are dissolved to mix in the ratio of 1:7 in 100 DEG C of constant water bath box be mixed with PVA glue, market is buied metal W powder and be mixed into wherein, after ultrasonic disperse 30min, form even suspension liquid.Adopt LGZ-5 sponging granulator to carry out granulation process to former powder, the ball-type W obtaining diameter about 40um sprays powder;
5) adopt HEPJ type Supersonic Plasma Spraying equipment, have SiC/WSi 2the C/C composite sample surface of transition layer is with power 55KW, and powder sending quantity 4.0r/min, prepares about 50um W external coating (EC) under the spray parameters of main air stream amount 77.4L/min;
SiC/WSi prepared by the present invention 2transition layer and W external coating (EC) are all comparatively fine and close, external coating (EC) voidage≤2%, and coatingsurface is without obvious cavity and penetrating crack, and coating is combined well with C/C matrices of composite material, tensile strength 16.5MPa.

Claims (4)

1. a preparation method for surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding, is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1, pre-treatment C/C matrix material: carbon/carbon C/C matrix material polishing is made it surface roughening, then uses water and dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic cleaning respectively, be placed in air and dry or oven for drying;
Step 2: by Si powder, C powder, Al 2o 3powder mixes according to the mass ratio of 65-80%, 10-25%, 5-15%, puts into plumbago crucible, imbed in powder, prepare SiC/Si transition layer at carbon/carbon C/C composite material surface by a step 1 pre-treatment C/C matrix material as embedding powder;
Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 1800 ~ 2000 DEG C of insulation 2h, obtain the C/C matrix material with SiC coating, then make coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, and carry out cleaning-drying;
Step 3: by the Si powder of 40-60%, the C powder of 30-50%, the mass ratio of the W powder of 5-15% mixes, and put into plumbago crucible as embedding powder, the C/C matrix material with SiC coating step 2 obtained is imbedded in powder;
Crucible is put into high-temperature vacuum graphitizing furnace under argon atmosphere, 2000 ~ 2200 DEG C of insulation 2h, obtain having SiC/WSi 2the C/C matrix material of transition layer, then makes coatingsurface smooth with sand papering, and carries out cleaning-drying;
Step 4: PVA and water are dissolved in the ratio of 1:7 in 100 DEG C of constant water bath box and is hybridly prepared into PVA glue, metal W powder is mixed with the mass ratio of 1:1 with PVA colloidal sol, even suspension liquid is formed after ultrasonic disperse 30min, and carrying out granulation process, the ball-type W obtaining diameter 30 ~ 50um sprays powder;
Step 5: with ball-type W powder for spraying powder, adopts HEPJ type Supersonic Plasma Spraying equipment at SiC/WSi 2internally coated C/C composite material surface W coating, completes the preparation of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding; Described spraying coating process is as follows: spray power 50-60KW, main air stream amount 70-80L/min, powder sending quantity 3.5-4.5r/min, nozzle tip are to specimen surface distance 10-13cm.
2. the preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the polishing of described step 1 adopts 80 order flint papers.
3. the preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1 be 5-10min with water and dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
4. the preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite tungsten gradient cladding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the granulation process of described step 4 adopts LGZ-5 sponging granulator to carry out granulation process to powder.
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CN106083217A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-11-09 西北工业大学 The preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite reactive deposition tungsten skeleton coating
CN106320876A (en) * 2016-11-10 2017-01-11 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 Sliding rail for automobile sliding door
CN108546156A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-09-18 西北工业大学 The carbon/carbon compound material and preparation method that silicon carbide is modified with hydroxylapatite gradient coating
CN109852917A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-07 航天材料及工艺研究所 C/C, C/SiC composite material surface molybdenum titanium zirconium component vacuum plasma spray coating forming preparation method
CN111675552A (en) * 2020-06-15 2020-09-18 江西宁新新材料股份有限公司 High-temperature-resistant coating on graphite substrate and preparation method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106083217A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-11-09 西北工业大学 The preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite reactive deposition tungsten skeleton coating
CN106083217B (en) * 2016-06-06 2018-12-28 西北工业大学 The preparation method of surface of carbon/carbon composite reactive deposition metal W skeleton coating
CN106320876A (en) * 2016-11-10 2017-01-11 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 Sliding rail for automobile sliding door
CN108546156A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-09-18 西北工业大学 The carbon/carbon compound material and preparation method that silicon carbide is modified with hydroxylapatite gradient coating
CN109852917A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-07 航天材料及工艺研究所 C/C, C/SiC composite material surface molybdenum titanium zirconium component vacuum plasma spray coating forming preparation method
CN109852917B (en) * 2019-01-31 2021-04-13 航天材料及工艺研究所 Vacuum plasma spraying forming preparation method of molybdenum titanium zirconium member on surface of C/C, C/SiC composite material
CN111675552A (en) * 2020-06-15 2020-09-18 江西宁新新材料股份有限公司 High-temperature-resistant coating on graphite substrate and preparation method thereof
CN114105682A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-01 中钢热能金灿新能源科技(湖州)有限公司 Improved method and device for prolonging service life of graphite crucible
CN115894082A (en) * 2023-03-09 2023-04-04 中南大学 (ZrHfTiTaNb) C-W metal high-entropy ceramic modified C/C composite material and preparation method thereof
CN115894082B (en) * 2023-03-09 2023-06-23 中南大学 (ZrHfTiTaNb) C-W metal high-entropy ceramic modified C/C composite material and preparation method thereof

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