CN105191649B - A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality - Google Patents
A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN105191649B CN105191649B CN201510713419.6A CN201510713419A CN105191649B CN 105191649 B CN105191649 B CN 105191649B CN 201510713419 A CN201510713419 A CN 201510713419A CN 105191649 B CN105191649 B CN 105191649B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality.It is characterized in that：When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is less than 60 mg/kg in field soil, 7~10 days before flue-cured tobacco topping, the blade of bottom footing is extractd；When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 60~100 mg/kg in field soil, in flue-cured tobacco Topping Stage, the blade of excision bottom footing；When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is higher than 100 mg/kg in field soil, 7~10 days after flue-cured tobacco topping, the blade of bottom footing is extractd.The inventive method is suitable for instructing cultivating high-quality tobacco under the horizontal field condition of different fertilities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, more particularly to a kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality.
Background technology
Currently, State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau lifts contradiction etc. between feedstock grade structure for current cigarette structure
Problem, it is proposed that the very important decision of " Optimizing Tobacco hierarchical organization, improving sound tobacco effective supply ability ", inapplicable is given up
Secondary fresh tobacco leaf is timely, effectively digests in field.Inapplicable tobacco leaf is divided into two major classes, i.e., the inapplicable tobacco leaf in top and bottom are uncomfortable
Use tobacco leaf.The optimization of inapplicable tobacco leaf, that is, it is divided into optimization top and optimization inferior leads.It is to retain top in cigarette strain to optimize top
It is upper, do not adopt roasting, can so consume unnecessary nutrient, avoid upper tobacco leaf from reducing matter because of overnutrition after extracing top
Amount.It is to extract lower blade to optimize inferior leads.Research shows, with the increase for extracing lower blade quantity, middle and upper part tobacco leaf
The trend that starch, total nitrogen and nicotine content are significantly increased, this may be with improving ventilation and penetrating light condition, increasing after extracing inferior leads
Strong Root Absorption ability, improve leave photosynthetic ability and to add nutrient distribution relevant.
At present, the research cultivated and produced, existing document report are optimized to flue-cured tobacco on extracing bottom fresh leaf, but these grind
Study carefully all its quality, economical character and economic benefit etc. are influenceed just for the flue-cured tobacco lower blade for extracing varying number
Generality is inquired into, and lacks the distinctiveness nurturing research for the optimization Flue-cured tobacco Quality being directed under different fertilities level conditions.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality, this method is suitable for instructing in different fertilities
High-quality tobacco is cultivated under horizontal field condition.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality, it is characterised in that：
When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is less than 60mg/kg in field soil, 7~10 days before flue-cured tobacco topping, bottom footing is extractd
Blade；
When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 60~100mg/kg in field soil, in flue-cured tobacco Topping Stage, the leaf of excision bottom footing
Piece；
When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is higher than 100mg/kg in field soil, 7~10 days after flue-cured tobacco topping, bottom footing is extractd
Blade.
As further preferred, the method for above-mentioned optimization Flue-cured tobacco Quality, operate in accordance with the following methods：
When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is less than 60mg/kg in field soil, 7~10 days before flue-cured tobacco topping, bottom footing is extractd
4 leaves reciprocal；
When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 60~100mg/kg in field soil, in flue-cured tobacco Topping Stage, it is reciprocal to extract bottom footing
3 leaves；
When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is higher than 100mg/kg in field soil, 7~10 days after flue-cured tobacco topping, bottom footing is extractd
2 leaves reciprocal.
The method of above-mentioned optimization Flue-cured tobacco Quality, it is specifically what is followed the steps below：
Flue-cured tobacco cultivars selection is cloud and mist 87, cloud and mist 97 or K326 etc. and the flue-cured tobacco cultivars of other conventional cultivations；In height above sea level
The vega that physical features is flat, fertility is uniform, cigarette strain growing way is consistent is selected to carry out at 1000~1300m；Using conventional floating seedlings, and
In early and middle ten dayses transplanting in mid or late Febuary to May tobacco seedlings, when alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is less than 60mg/kg in field soil, pinched in flue-cured tobacco
First 7~10 days, extract bottom footing 4 leaves reciprocal；When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 60~100mg/kg in field soil, in roasting
Cigarette Topping Stage, extract bottom footing 3 leaves reciprocal；When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is higher than 100mg/kg in field soil, in flue-cured tobacco
7~10 days after topping, bottom footing 2 leaves reciprocal are extractd, carry out conventional field management, ripe harvesting, baking again afterwards.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention discloses a kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality, and the optimization method is suitable for instructing horizontal in different fertilities
The index table such as high-quality tobacco, chemical composition, aroma substance, hierarchical organization and the economic benefit of gained flue-cured tobacco is cultivated under field condition
It is existing excellent.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to it is pointed out here that, following examples are only used
It is further detailed in the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the field is skilled in technique
Personnel can make some nonessential modifications and adaptations according to foregoing invention content to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality, it is specifically what is followed the steps below：In height above sea level in 1300m Chongqing
City Wulong County Xing Shun townshiies, selection physical features is flat, the uniform vega of fertility is tested；The soil types of selected vega is middle earth
Soil, pH value 6.20,22.42gkg containing organic matter-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 56.41mgkg-1, rapid available phosphorus 16.24mgkg-1, it is quick-acting
Potassium 162.92mgkg-1；It is cloud and mist 97 for examination flue-cured tobacco cultivars, it uses floating seedlings, late Febuary sowing, is transplanted May 4,
Extractd bottom 4 leaves reciprocal, topping on July 1 on June 21；Field management according to《High-quality tobacco produces practical technique》Carry out；
Wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount 113.53kg/hm2, nitrogen, phosphorus, the mass ratio of potassium application rate are 1：1.25：1.85, base manure, carry seed manure,
Proportion of additional fertilizer is 7：2：1；Normal mature harvesting, baking.
The research for not applying to tobacco leaf on bottom and carrying out Different Optimization mode has also been carried out in this example：
1. the influence to tobacco leaf degree structure and the output value
, in the case where other conditions are constant, the processing mode of bottom egative film leaf reciprocal will will be extractd in the present embodiment 1
Following four research has been carried out respectively：Processing I is extractd for 15 days (June 16) before topping, (July 1 when processing II is topping
Day) extractd, processing III is extractd for 7 days (July 8) after topping, and processing IV is (June 21, i.e., real for 10 days before topping
Apply the processing time described in example 1) extractd；And each period has 3 kinds of different processing quantity to set again：Under extracing respectively
Portion's 2 leaves (T1) reciprocal, 3 leaves (T2), 4 leaves (T3)；And selection does not extract inferior leads to compare (CK)；Every kind of processing
100 plants, 18 ± 1 tobacco leaves (after topping) of leaf are stayed, row, 110 × 55cm of spacing in the rows, line up 6 ridges, 3 repetitions, completely random arrangement.
By the influence result tabulated below 1 of above-mentioned 4 toeatment periods, Different treatments to tobacco leaf degree structure：
The influence of the different toeatment period of table 1 and processing mode to tobacco leaf degree structure and the output value
As shown in Table 1：Under Field Fertility level conditions described in this example, different disposal period and the processing number of blade are equal
There is large effect to tobacco leaf degree structure, identical rule is presented in its output value and first-class cigarette ratio.Mutually existed together by each period
From the point of view of managing the number of blade, the first-class cigarette ratio of 2,3,4 leaves is extractd to handle IV highest, is secondly processing II, processing I, processing
III is minimum.Comprehensive analysis get a haircut everywhere it is existing, first-class cigarette ratio with handle pinched in IV before the first-class cigarette ratio that handles of the T3 of 10 days
Highest, it is 70.48%, that is, illustrates that carrying out bottom on the horizontal soil of the Field Fertility described in this example does not apply at tobacco leaf
During reason, extractd processing bottom footing 4 leaves reciprocal with 10 days before topping and be preferred.
2. the influence to exterior quality
Exterior quality regulation and tobacco purchasing classification with reference to national standard GB 2635-1992, to passing through the studies above 1. respectively
In processing IV and processing II two kinds of Different treatments processing after gained junior tobacco leaf sample, and to through control
(CK) color (10) of the junior tobacco leaf sample of gained, maturity (10), blade construction (10), identity (10), oil after handling
(10), the exterior quality factor such as colourity (10) is judged that its result see the table below 2：
Influence of the different disposal of table 2 to middle part tobacco leaf presentation quality
As shown in Table 2：From the point of view of exterior quality total score, the junior tobacco leaf sample of gained after being handled using processing mode IV,
In color, maturity etc. using T3 as highest, T2 takes second place, T1 is worst, but remains above through the processing side in processing mode II
The junior tobacco leaf sample of gained after formula processing.
3. the influence to chemical composition content
Data analysis is carried out using the Continuous Flow Analysis instrument of routine, and using SPSS 19.0, respectively to being ground by above-mentioned
The junior tobacco leaf sample of gained after the processing of two kinds of Different treatments of processing IV in studying carefully 1. and processing II, and to by pair
The weight percentage of the chemical composition of the junior tobacco leaf sample of gained is measured differentiation after (CK) processing as usual, and its result is shown in
Table 3 below：
Influence of the time and mode that the bottom fresh tobacco leaf of table 3 is extractd to flue-cured tobacco chemical quality
Note：Colleague, with processing, different capitalizations represent the significant differences in 0.01 level.
Harmony between tobacco leaf chemical composition content is one of key index of overall merit quality of tobacco.It is generally believed that
Nitrogen base ratio is preferable when being 1, and sugared alkali is 6~10 than optimum range, and potassium chlorine ratio is more preferably greater than 4.And as shown in Table 3：In field
In the case of fertility identical, the time of the different excision of bottom fresh tobacco leaf and mode, quality of tobacco is had a certain impact；More than
In two kinds of different processing modes, it is preferred to use for the T3 processing modes in processing IV, the tobacco leaf product after being handled using which
Matter is more excellent.
4. the influence to flavor matter content
Using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, respectively to the processing IV in passing through the studies above 1. and two kinds of different disposal sides of processing II
Formula processing after gained junior tobacco leaf sample, and to by reference examples (CK) processing after obtained by junior tobacco leaf sample it is main
Flavor matter carries out quantitative analysis, by its influence result tabulated below 4 to main flavor matter content in flue-cured tobacco：
The different period of table 4, mode handle influence of the bottom fresh tobacco leaf to flue-cured tobacco flavor matter content
As shown in Table 4：Different period, mode handles bottom fresh tobacco leaf has large effect to flavor matter content,
But flavor matter total amount shows still certain trend with tripping number and excision mode, wherein, especially with processing IV
T3 mode highests.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality, it is specifically what is followed the steps below：
In height above sea level in 1280~1300m Chongqing City Wulong County Xing Shun townshiies, select that physical features is flat, fertility is uniform, cigarette strain length
The consistent vega of gesture, the soil types of selected vega are medium loam, pH value 6.11,27.84gkg containing organic matter-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
113.58mg·kg-1, rapid available phosphorus 18.32mgkg-1, available potassium 218.56mgkg-1；It is cloud and mist 87 for examination flue-cured tobacco cultivars, it
Using floating seedlings, transplanted May 6, topping on July 1, extractd bottom footing 2 leaves reciprocal on July 8, carry out again afterwards
Field management, wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount 98.12kg/hm2, nitrogen, phosphorus, the mass ratio of potassium application rate are 1：1.5：2.5, base manure, carry
Seed manure, proportion of additional fertilizer 7：2：1, finally ripe harvesting, baking again.
The research for not applying to tobacco leaf on bottom and carrying out Different Optimization mode has also been carried out in this example：
1. the influence to tobacco leaf degree structure and the output value
, in the case where other conditions are constant, the processing mode of bottom egative film leaf reciprocal will will be extractd in the present embodiment 2
Following four research has been carried out respectively：Processing I is extractd for 7 days (June 24) before topping, (July 1 when processing II is topping
Day) extractd, processing III is extractd for 7 days (July 8, i.e. processing time described in the present embodiment 2) after topping, is located
Reason IV is extractd for 15 days (July 16) after topping；And each period has 3 kinds of different processing quantity to set again：Pluck respectively
Except bottom footing 2 leaves (T1) reciprocal, 3 leaves (T2), 4 leaves (T3)；And selection does not extract inferior leads to compare (CK)；Often
100 plants of kind processing, 18 ± 1 tobacco leaves (after topping) of leaf are stayed, row, 110 × 55cm of spacing in the rows, line up 6 ridges, 3 repetitions, completely random
Arrangement.By the influence result tabulated below 5 of above-mentioned 4 toeatment periods, Different treatments to tobacco leaf degree structure：
The influence of the different toeatment period of table 5 and processing mode to tobacco leaf degree structure and the output value
As shown in Table 5：From the point of view of each period same treatment number of blade, the first-class cigarette ratio of 2,3,4 leaves is extractd with place
III highest is managed, is secondly processing II, processing IV, processing I is minimum.Comprehensive analysis is got a haircut existing everywhere, and first-class cigarette ratio is to handle III
The first-class cigarette ratio highest of the T1 processing of 7 days, is 71.82%, that is, illustrates the Field Fertility described in this example after middle topping
When bottom carried out on horizontal soil not applying to tobacco leaf processing, extract within 7 days using after topping processing bottom footing 2 leaves reciprocal as
It is good.
2. the influence to exterior quality is classified with reference to national standard GB 2635-1992 exterior quality regulation and tobacco purchasing, right
Respectively by the studies above 1. in processing III and processing II two kinds of Different treatments processing after gained junior tobacco leaf sample
Product, and to the color (10) of the junior tobacco leaf sample of gained, maturity (10), blade construction after reference examples (CK) processing
(10), the exterior quality factor such as identity (10), oil (10), colourity (10) is judged that its result see the table below 6：
Influence of the different disposal of table 6 to middle part tobacco leaf presentation quality
As shown in Table 6：From the point of view of exterior quality total score, the junior tobacco leaf sample of gained after being handled using processing mode III,
In color, maturity etc. using T1 as highest, T2 takes second place, T3 is worst, but remains above through the processing side in processing mode II
The junior tobacco leaf sample of gained after formula processing.
3. the influence to chemical composition content
Data analysis is carried out using the Continuous Flow Analysis instrument of routine, and using SPSS 19.0, respectively to being ground by above-mentioned
The junior tobacco leaf sample of gained after the processing of two kinds of Different treatments of processing III in studying carefully 1. and processing II, and to by pair
The weight percentage of the chemical composition of the junior tobacco leaf sample of gained is measured differentiation after (CK) processing as usual, and its result is shown in
Table 7 below：
Influence of the time and mode that the bottom fresh tobacco leaf of table 7 is extractd to flue-cured tobacco chemical quality
Note：Colleague, with processing, different capitalizations represent the significant differences in 0.01 level.
As shown in Table 7：In the case of Field Fertility identical, the time of the different excision of bottom fresh tobacco leaf and mode are right
Quality of tobacco has a certain impact；In the different processing mode of both the above, it is preferred to use to handle the T1 processing modes in III,
Quality of tobacco after being handled using which is more excellent.
4. the influence to flavor matter content
Using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, respectively to the processing III in passing through the studies above 1. and two kinds of different disposal sides of processing II
Formula processing after gained junior tobacco leaf sample, and to by reference examples (CK) processing after obtained by junior tobacco leaf sample it is main
Flavor matter carries out quantitative analysis, by its influence result tabulated below 8 to main flavor matter content in flue-cured tobacco：
The different period of table 8, mode handle influence of the bottom fresh tobacco leaf to flue-cured tobacco flavor matter content
As shown in Table 8：Different period, mode handles bottom fresh tobacco leaf has large effect to flavor matter content,
But flavor matter total amount shows still certain trend with tripping number and excision mode, wherein, especially with processing III
T1 mode highests.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality, it is characterised in that：When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is less than 60mg/kg in field soil, 7-10 days before flue-cured tobacco topping, bottom footing inverse is extractd 4 leaves；When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 60-100mg/kg in field soil, in flue-cured tobacco Topping Stage, extract bottom footing inverse 3 Leaf；When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is higher than 100mg/kg in field soil, 7-10 days after flue-cured tobacco topping, it is reciprocal to extract bottom footing 2 leaves.
- 2. the method for optimization Flue-cured tobacco Quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is specifically to follow the steps below 's：Flue-cured tobacco cultivars selection is cloud and mist 87, cloud and mist 97 or K326；Select that physical features is flat, fertility is equal at height above sea level 1000-1300m The vega even, cigarette strain growing way is consistent is carried out；Using floating seedlings, and in early and middle ten dayses transplanting in mid or late Febuary to May tobacco seedlings；Work as field Between soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content when being less than 60mg/kg, 7-10 days before flue-cured tobacco topping, extract bottom footing 4 leaves reciprocal；When When alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 60-100mg/kg in field soil, in flue-cured tobacco Topping Stage, bottom footing 3 leaves reciprocal are extractd；Work as field Between soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content when being higher than 100mg/kg, 7-10 days after flue-cured tobacco topping, extract bottom footing 2 leaves reciprocal, Carry out field management, ripe harvesting, baking again afterwards.
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| CN106472138B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2020-10-20 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Management method for optimizing chemical composition of K326 tobacco leaves and improving quality of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN115362901B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-10-27 | 中国烟草中南农业试验站 | Cultivation method for improving quality and economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves |
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| CN102812832B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-04-16 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN103210763B (en) * | 2013-04-14 | 2014-10-08 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | Stereoscopic culturing and planting method of double cured tobaccos |
| CN103340083B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN103355150B (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-07-15 | 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司 | Flue-cured tobacco floating breeding cultivation method |
| CN103704039B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-11-18 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of breeding method improveing tobacco plant |
| CN104041234B (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2016-04-20 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of meticulous fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco K326 |
| CN104303774B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-20 | 湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司 | A kind of cultivation method of famous sun-cured tobaccos |
| CN104429460B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-25 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of tobacco leaf is cultivated collecting method |
| CN104885771B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-03-13 | 重庆精深农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cured tobacco leaf implantation methods |
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