CN105189936B - 用于燃气轮机的冷却装置 - Google Patents

用于燃气轮机的冷却装置 Download PDF

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CN105189936B
CN105189936B CN201380059172.XA CN201380059172A CN105189936B CN 105189936 B CN105189936 B CN 105189936B CN 201380059172 A CN201380059172 A CN 201380059172A CN 105189936 B CN105189936 B CN 105189936B
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turbine
gas
turbine installation
cup
air
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CN105189936A (zh
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埃萨·萨里
亚科·拉里奥拉
尤哈·洪卡图基亚
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Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F01D25/125—Cooling of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
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    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
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    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
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    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
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    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F02C7/185—Cooling means for reducing the temperature of the cooling air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
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    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/06—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like control thereof
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    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
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Abstract

一种燃气轮机装置，包括燃气发生器部分(A)、动力涡轮部分(B)以及联接在公共轴(10)上的发电机部分(C)。动力涡轮的轴承区段(12)设有铜冷却杯(9)，该铜冷却杯(9)具有高导热率并且背离轴承侧和轴承区段传送热通量，并且铜冷却杯的设计允许穿透气流的效果。

Description

用于燃气轮机的冷却装置
技术领域
本发明涉及微型燃气轮机，该微型燃气轮机包括产生在压力下的热排气的所称燃气发生器以及驱动实际输出产生发生器的动力涡轮。燃气发生器吸入大量环境空气。
背景技术
由燃气发生器和动力涡轮装配燃气轮机涉及像这样已知的技术。因此，出发点通常是所谓的纯喷气式发动机(即，没有旁路风扇的航空发动机)，其中在喷嘴前的燃气压力是0.3-0.9bar的过压。移除喷嘴，并且允许在压力下的燃烧气体在驱动发电机的单独的动力涡轮中膨胀。由此，仅产生推进力的喷气式发动机已经成功地转换为发电燃气轮机。这样的燃气轮机通常被称为航改燃气轮机，许多这些燃气轮机已投入使用，特别是用作后备动力装置。
这样的航改燃气轮机的典型情况在于，动力涡轮和发电机的制造商是较小的企业，而用作燃气发生器的喷气式发动机的制造商是一年制造数千这样产品的大公司。这样的原因是，由于极端的高温，燃气发生器很难制造，然而动力涡轮，由于明显较低的温度，显然更易于设计和制造。由于燃气发生器是大规模生产的，航改燃气轮机的优点是吸引人的价格，缺陷在于与所谓的工业燃气轮机相比，具有更多的保养需求和短的技术使用寿命。
发明内容
由本发明提出的设计方案涉及以该原理操作的所谓的微型燃气轮机。微型燃气轮机总体上涉及具有小于100kW输出的低容量燃气轮机，这与典型地具有约为5000-20000kW的输出的传统燃气轮机形成鲜明对比。商业制造的最小微型燃气轮机可能是叫做Capstone的公司的最小型号，其具有约30kW的输出。本发明构思的燃气轮机具有低至6kW的输出，这代表一种突破。因此，其将被称作超微型燃气轮机。
该非常小型燃气轮机或超微型燃气轮机提供的优于具有相同能力的燃烧发动机的优点在于其轻量化(轻至五倍)以及就燃料而言的多样性(合适的燃料包括例如燃油、生物油以及酒精)。不利的一面是效率明显比燃烧发动机弱，尤其是缺少回流换热器。因此，超微型燃气轮机适于这样的工作状态，其中在较短时间上需要较高的输出并且希望该特定的动力单元便于单人携带，甚至在困难的地形下也是如此。这样的应用能够特别地在防火援救服务、灾害救护工作、音乐节、空军、游击队作战单位以及例如关于铁路的辅助检修工作中发现。
由于低输出，超微型燃气轮机必须简单且便宜，然而在操作时又是可靠的。例如，动力涡轮发电机轴承的润滑不能通过传统的循环油润滑执行，而是必需使用润滑脂润滑的轴承来执行。因此，在动力涡轮中，由于涡轮盘是热的(500℃)，涡轮侧发电机轴承必须用专门的装置来冷却。由于润滑脂润滑，该特定轴承的温度不会高于约110℃。同样地，对发电机和整个单元的冷却必须以尽可能简单、便宜和可靠的方式执行。
本发明的特定目的是通过提出满足在先前段落中陈述的需求的这种超微型燃气轮机冷却装置来改进可用的现有技术。可用的现有技术可以在例如专利公开EP 0187486 A1、US 3418485 A、GB 529799 A、US 3287907 A和US 3605441 A中找到。
根据本发明的涡轮增压器装置的主要特征在于：动力涡轮的轴承区段12设有铜冷却杯9，该铜冷却杯9具有高导热率并且从轴承侧和轴承区段移除热通量，并且该铜冷却杯9的设计允许穿透气流的效果。此外，借助于由不锈钢(差的导热体)制成的薄壁杯6(图1和2)而将涡轮盘安装在发电机轴上，该薄壁杯还作用为冷却空气风机。因此，几乎没有热量可能从涡轮盘7传导到轴。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过使用适当的通道来冷却发电机，该通道将用于燃气发生器1的进气19经由空气进口2引导通过发电机部分C，一方面沿定子外部的通道3，另一方面通过空气间隙4。这些通道的面积比选择为使得进气的结果压降尽可能地微小，且使得对限定了空气间隙的表面的冷却是充分的。同时，进气提供了用于对在发电机的冷端处的电子设备14(变频机或整流器，由于发电机产生高频电流)的冷却。
根据本发明的一个实施例，发电机轴的涡轮侧端13(图3)可以由不锈钢(差的导热体)制成，并且以紧密的过盈配合连接到(必须由磁性材料制成的)转子10的余下部分。
本发明的进一步特征从所附的权利要求可以变得显而易见。
根据本发明的结构的解决方案提供了许多优点。可以在不需要昂贵的和重型的循环油润滑***的情况下，通过用便宜的润滑脂润滑的轴承来建立用于动力涡轮发电机轴的轴承组件。此外，其使得能够在不需要单独的风扇的情况下，以有效和功能可靠的方式冷却发电机。这还提供了重量节省，并且允许在发电机中使用非常高的功率密度，使得结构更轻并且价格更便宜。
附图说明
参照示意性附图现在将描述本发明和其操作，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的发电机冷却***；
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的实例，该实例阻止热量从涡轮叶轮传递至轴承；
图3示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的实例，该实例利用不锈钢制造发电机轴的涡轮侧端。
具体实施方式
图1中，燃气轮机部分已经用点划线限定，并且用字母A标记，并且在该部分内的燃气发生器已经用数字1标记。动力涡轮部分已经用点划线限定，并且用字母B标记。发电机部分已经用点划线限定，并且用字母C标记。
超微型燃气轮机外壳(见图1)鉴于如下考虑形成通道，即允许由燃气发生器吸入的大量空气(白色箭头)以尽可能微小的压力损失被引导通过发电机部分C，因此使发电机和与其关联的电子设备经受有效冷却。一些空气用于冷却涡轮侧轴承8(图2)。除附图中描绘的以外，在传统的方式中使用保温棉来阻止热传导，例如在轴承区段12与出口通道锥之间的空间中填充有保温棉16。
图2示出了结构方案，其中转动涡轮盘7产生吸力，该吸力通过轴承区段中的孔20吸入一些进气。该流动通过布置在附接杯6中的叶片6a得到进一步增强。所讨论的附接杯由薄壁不锈钢(差的导热体)构造，以使从涡轮盘传导至轴的热的量尽可能地微小。空气的流动由白色箭头示出。
图3示出了结构方案，其中发电机轴的涡轮侧端13由不锈钢或导热性差的其它金属制成，并且以紧密的过盈配合21连接到转子10的余下部分。
应当理解，上述仅是本发明的一些最优选实施例。因此，显然的是本发明不局限于上述实施例，而是在所附权利要求限定的范围内关联于各种微型燃气轮机具有广范应用。尽管关于本发明的讨论主题涉及超微型燃气轮机，但本发明自然地也适用大型燃气轮机。同样，结合各实施例提出的特征也可仅在本发明的基本构思内结合其它实施例使用，和/或在需要且存在技术上可能性的情况下能够将所述述特征结合在一起用于各种组合。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃气轮机装置，包括燃气发生器部分(A)、动力涡轮部分(B)和发电机部分(C)，所述发电机部分(C)与所述动力涡轮(B)联接在公共轴(10)上，其特征在于，在朝向所述动力涡轮(B)的一侧上的轴承区段(12)设有铜冷却杯(9)，所述铜冷却杯(9)具有高导热率并且背离轴承侧和所述轴承区段传送热通量，并且所述铜冷却杯(9)的设计允许穿透气流的效果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述动力涡轮的涡轮盘(7)利用薄壁杯(6)安装在所述发电机的轴(10)上，所述薄壁杯(6)由不锈钢或导热性明显比铁的导热性差的其它金属构造。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述薄壁杯(6)还起到冷却风机的作用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述冷却风机的效果利用叶片(6a)和孔(11)实现。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述动力涡轮部分(B)的排气通道与所述轴承区段(12)用热绝缘物(16)隔离，并且与空气管道用空间(15)中的热绝缘物隔离。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，使用适当的通道效应冷却所述发电机部分(C)，所述适当的通道效应用于引导所述燃气发生器的进气通过所述发电机，一方面沿定子外部的通道，另一方面通过空气间隙(4)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述通道的面积比选择为使得进气(2)的结果压降尽可能地微小，而且使得对限定所述空气间隙(4)的表面的冷却是充分的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，发电机设有永磁转子(10)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述发电机的转子(10)的涡轮侧端(13)由不锈钢或导热性明显比铁的导热性差的其它金属制成，并且以紧密的过盈配合(21)连接到所述发电机的转子(10)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机装置，其特征在于，所述铜冷却杯(9)包括可打开覆盖部分和穿孔，用于允许穿透气流的效果。
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